JP2005190873A - 電池用非水電解液及びそれを備えた非水電解液電池 - Google Patents
電池用非水電解液及びそれを備えた非水電解液電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005190873A JP2005190873A JP2003432139A JP2003432139A JP2005190873A JP 2005190873 A JP2005190873 A JP 2005190873A JP 2003432139 A JP2003432139 A JP 2003432139A JP 2003432139 A JP2003432139 A JP 2003432139A JP 2005190873 A JP2005190873 A JP 2005190873A
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- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Abstract
【解決手段】少なくとも一種の非プロトン性有機溶媒と支持塩とを含む電池用非水電解液において、更に、それぞれの前記非プロトン性有機溶媒に対して、該非プロトン性有機溶媒との沸点の差が25℃以下で且つ分子中にリン及び/又は窒素を有する化合物をそれぞれ含有することを特徴とする電池用非水電解液である。
【選択図】なし
Description
以下に、本発明の電池用非水電解液を詳細に説明する。本発明の電池用非水電解液は、少なくとも一種の非プロトン性有機溶媒と支持塩とを含み、更に、非プロトン性有機溶媒のそれぞれと沸点の差が25℃以下で且つ分子中にリン及び/又は窒素を有する化合物をそれぞれ含有することを特徴とする。
(式中、R1、R2及びR3は、夫々独立して一価の置換基又はハロゲン元素を表し;X1は、炭素、ケイ素、ゲルマニウム、スズ、窒素、リン、ヒ素、アンチモン、ビスマス、酸素、硫黄、セレン、テルル及びポロニウムからなる群から選ばれる元素の少なくとも1種を含む置換基を表し;Y1、Y2及びY3は、夫々独立して2価の連結基、2価の元素又は単結合を表す。)
(NPR4 2)n ・・・ (II)
(式中、R4は夫々独立して一価の置換基又はハロゲン元素を表し;nは3〜15を表す。)
[式(III)、式(IV)及び式(V)において、R5〜R9は、それぞれ独立に一価の置換基又はハロゲン元素を表し;Y5〜Y9は、それぞれ独立に2価の連結基、2価の元素又は単結合を表し;Zは2価の基又は2価の元素を表す。]
(NPF2)n ・・・ (VI)
(式中、nは3〜13を表す。)
(NPR10 2)n ・・・ (VII)
(式中、R10は夫々独立して一価の置換基又はフッ素を表し、全R10のうち少なくとも1つはフッ素を含む一価の置換基又はフッ素であり、nは3〜8を表す。但し、総てのR10がフッ素であることはない。)
(NPR11 2)n ・・・ (VIII)
(式中、R11は夫々独立して一価の置換基又はハロゲン元素を表し;nは3〜6を表す。)
[式(IX)及び(X)において、R12、R13及びR14は、夫々独立して一価の置換基又はハロゲン元素を表し;X2は、炭素、ケイ素、ゲルマニウム、スズ、窒素、リン、ヒ素、アンチモン、ビスマス、酸素、硫黄、セレン、テルル及びポロニウムからなる群より選ばれる元素の少なくとも1種を含む置換基を表し;Y12及びY13は、夫々独立して2価の連結基、2価の元素又は単結合を表す。]
次に、本発明の非水電解液電池を詳細に説明する。本発明の非水電解液電池は、上述の電池用非水電解液と、正極と、負極とを備え、必要に応じて、セパレーター等の非水電解液電池の技術分野で通常使用されている他の部材を備える。
エチレンカーボネート(EC、沸点238℃)50体積%、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC、沸点127℃)40体積%、添加剤A[式(II)において、nが3であって、6つのR4のうち3つがメトキシ基(CH3O−)、3つがフッ素である環状ホスファゼン化合物、25℃における粘度:3.9mPa・s、沸点230℃]5体積%及び添加剤B[式(II)において、nが3であって、6つのR4のうち1つがエトキシ基(CH3CH2O−)、5つがフッ素である環状ホスファゼン化合物、25℃における粘度:1.2mPa・s、沸点125℃]5体積%からなる混合溶液を作製し、該混合溶液にLiPF6(支持塩)を1mol/L(M)の濃度で溶解させて非水電解液を調製した。また、得られた非水電解液の安全性を下記の方法で評価した。結果を表1に示す。
UL(アンダーライティングラボラトリー)規格のUL94HB法をアレンジした方法で、大気環境下において着火した炎の燃焼挙動から非水電解液の安全性を評価した。その際、着火性、燃焼性、炭化物の生成、二次着火時の現象についても観察した。具体的には、UL試験基準に基づき、不燃性石英ファイバーに上記電解液1.0mLを染み込ませて、127mm×12.7mmの試験片を作製して行った。ここで、試験炎が試験片に着火しない場合(燃焼長:0mm)を「不燃性」、着火した炎が25mmラインまで到達せず且つ落下物にも着火が認められない場合を「難燃性」、着火した炎が25〜100mmラインで消火し且つ落下物にも着火が認められない場合を「自己消火性」、着火した炎が100mmラインを超えた場合を「燃焼性」と評価した。
供試電池を完全に充電した後、直径5mmの釘を電池のほぼ中央部で且つ電極面に対して垂直方向に貫通させ24時間放置し、放置中に電池が発火するか否かを観察した。
1Cの電流値(1時間で満充電に至る電流値)で、定格容量の250%まで供試電池を過充電し、電池が発火するか否かを観察した。但し、供試電池に安全回路は付属していない。
表1又は表2に示す配合の混合溶液を作製し、該混合溶液にLiPF6(支持塩)を1mol/L(M)の濃度で溶解させて非水電解液を調製した。得られた非水電解液の安全性を実施例1と同様にして評価した。また、該非水電解液を用いて実施例1と同様に非水電解液2次電池を作製し、該電池に対して釘刺し試験及び過充電試験を実施した。結果を表1及び表2に示す。
プロピレンカーボネート(PC、沸点242℃)60体積%、1,2-ジメトキシエタン(DME、沸点84℃)30体積%、添加剤A[式(II)において、nが3であって、6つのR4のうち3つがメトキシ基(CH3O−)、3つがフッ素である環状ホスファゼン化合物、25℃における粘度:3.9mPa・s、沸点230℃]5体積%及び添加剤C[式(II)において、nが4であって、8つのR4の総てがフッ素である環状ホスファゼン化合物、25℃における粘度:0.8mPa・s、沸点86℃]5体積%からなる混合溶液を作製し、該混合溶液にLiBF4(支持塩)を0.75mol/L(M)の濃度で溶解させて非水電解液を調製した。得られた非水電解液の安全性を実施例1と同様にして評価した。結果を表3に示す。
オーブン中に電池を置き、5±2℃/分の速度で160℃まで加熱し、160℃で60分間保持し、電池が発火するか否かを観察した。
表3に示す配合の混合溶液を作製し、該混合溶液にLiBF4(支持塩)を0.75mol/L(M)の濃度で溶解させて非水電解液を調製した。得られた非水電解液の安全性を実施例1と同様にして評価した。また、該非水電解液を用いて実施例10と同様に非水電解液1次電池を作製し、該電池に対して加熱試験を実施した。結果を表3に示す。
Claims (6)
- 少なくとも一種の非プロトン性有機溶媒と支持塩とを含む電池用非水電解液において、
更に、それぞれの前記非プロトン性有機溶媒に対して、該非プロトン性有機溶媒との沸点の差が25℃以下で且つ分子中にリン及び/又は窒素を有する化合物をそれぞれ含有することを特徴とする電池用非水電解液。 - 前記分子中にリン及び/又は窒素を有する化合物がリン−窒素間二重結合を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電池用非水電解液。
- 前記分子中にリン及び/又は窒素を有する化合物がホスファゼン化合物であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の電池用非水電解液。
- 前記非プロトン性有機溶媒が、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート及びメチルフォルメートからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電池用非水電解液。
- 前記非プロトン性有機溶媒が、プロピレンカーボネート、1,2-ジメトキシエタン及びγ-ブチロラクトンからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電池用非水電解液。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の非水電解液と、正極と、負極とを備えた非水電解液電池。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003432139A JP4458841B2 (ja) | 2003-12-26 | 2003-12-26 | 電池用非水電解液及びそれを備えた非水電解液電池 |
| PCT/JP2004/019218 WO2005064734A1 (ja) | 2003-12-26 | 2004-12-22 | 電池用非水電解液及びそれを備えた非水電解液電池、並びにポリマー電池用電解質及びそれを備えたポリマー電池 |
| EP04807575A EP1699105B1 (en) | 2003-12-26 | 2004-12-22 | Nonaqueous liquid electrolyte for battery, nonaqueous liquid electrolyte battery containing the same, electrolyte for polymer battery and polymer battery containing the same |
| US10/583,412 US7939206B2 (en) | 2003-12-26 | 2004-12-22 | Non-aqueous electrolyte for cell, non-aqueous electrolyte cell having the same as well as electrolyte for polymer cell and polymer cell having the same |
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| JP2003432139A JP4458841B2 (ja) | 2003-12-26 | 2003-12-26 | 電池用非水電解液及びそれを備えた非水電解液電池 |
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| WO2006018989A1 (ja) * | 2004-08-20 | 2006-02-23 | Bridgestone Corporation | 非水電解液電池の電解液用添加剤、電池用非水電解液及び非水電解液電池 |
| JP2009146695A (ja) * | 2007-12-13 | 2009-07-02 | Bridgestone Corp | 非水電解液及びそれを備えた非水電解液二次電源 |
| WO2011005054A2 (ko) | 2009-07-09 | 2011-01-13 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액 및 이를 구비한 리튬 이차전지 |
| WO2012033044A1 (ja) * | 2010-09-06 | 2012-03-15 | 新神戸電機株式会社 | リチウムイオン電池 |
| EP2405522A4 (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2012-08-22 | Shin Kobe Electric Machinery | LITHIUM ION BATTERY |
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