JP2005282942A - Heat storage type ventilation system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To surely perform heat storage type ventilation by using sunlight throughout the year by utilizing the difference of elevation of the sun without wasting time and money. <P>SOLUTION: This ventilation system capable of applying the sunlight to a heat storage medium internally mounted on a part of an air passage through a light transmission part formed on the part of the air passage, comprises a means 40 for controlling the entrance of light to allow the sunlight to enter through the light transmission part 10 in winter and not to enter in summer by utilizing the difference of elevation of the sun between summer and winter. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a heat storage type ventilation system.

In a ventilation system, it has been conventionally performed to store cold / hot heat extracted from a natural environment in a latent heat storage material and use it for cooling / heating (Patent Document 1). Among these natural energy utilization type systems, in order to make effective use of sunlight in particular, sunlight incident from a translucent part formed in a part of the outside air introduction path of the ventilation system was installed in the outside air introduction path. What uses the apparatus which light-receives with a latent-heat storage material and heat-stores is known (patent document 2).
JP 2002-115343 A JP-A-9-145165

    The device of Patent Document 2 generates heat in the winter, and when the device is used in a summer / winter system, it is necessary to put a cover or the like in order to avoid the incidence of sunlight in the summer. It is easy to forget to put the cover on and off once, and it is troublesome. In addition, although it is possible to control the incident state of sunlight into the translucent part with an electronic device or the like, this is more troublesome for maintenance and causes unnecessary costs.

    Therefore, an object of the present invention is to make it possible to reliably perform heat storage type ventilation using sunlight throughout the year without labor and cost by utilizing the difference in height of the sun.

  The first means is a ventilation system that can irradiate sunlight to a heat storage medium built in a part thereof through a light-transmitting part formed in a part of an air passage. Utilizing this, there is provided an incident light amount control means 40 that prevents sunlight from entering through the translucent part 10 in the winter and not in the summer.

  The second means includes the first means, and a part of the air passage 1 is formed as a box 4 having at least a front face facing the outdoors, and is formed of a transparent plate on the front face of the box. 10 is provided, and at least one heat storage medium 14 is disposed in a range where light can reach from the light transmitting portion 10, and an outside air introduction port 20 and a communication port 22 to the air conditioning area are opened at appropriate positions of the box 4. Yes.

  The third means includes any one of the first means and the second means, and as the incident light amount control means 40, a plate-like first light shielding material that blocks direct sunlight from obliquely upward to obliquely side. The bodies 40A and 40B are installed around the translucent part 10.

  As the plate-like first light-shielding body, an upper light-shielding body 40A that protrudes in a bowl shape from at least the upper side of the translucent part 10 is provided, and if necessary, the front side of the translucent part 10 is provided. It is only necessary to provide the side light-shielding body 40B installed in the.

  A fourth means includes any one of the first to third means, and the incident light amount control means 40 is a plate that prevents the indirect light from being reflected from an object around the translucent portion 10. A second light-shielding body 40 </ b> C was installed on the front side of the translucent part 10.

  The fifth means includes any one of the first means to the fourth means, and a solar control louver 40D arranged along the surface of the translucent part 10 as the incident light amount control means 40. Provided.

The sixth means includes the fifth means, and the solar radiation control louver 40D can be manually or automatically adjusted to adjust the inclination angle of the vane plate 41 manually.

  In the case of manual operation, it is desirable that the user can adjust the angle with reference to a graduation means with a graduation indicating a suitable blade angle at every appropriate time interval (for example, every month). In the case of automatic operation, the angle may be adjusted at an appropriate time by an angle adjusting means linked with a timer.

The seventh means includes any one of the first to sixth means, and uses, as the heat storage medium 14, different types of heat storage media respectively storing latent heat storage materials having different melting points.
The eighth means includes any one of the second means to the seventh means, and the auxiliary air blowing means 46 to the partition for restricting the flow path so that the air meanders and passes through the box 4. A plate 44 is provided, and a plurality of the heat storage media 14 are arranged along the meandering flow path.

  The ninth means includes any one of the second means to the eighth means, and temperature sensors 34, 36, and 38 are installed in the outside air introduction port 20, the communication port 22, and the air conditioning area 104, respectively. The on / off switching of the total heat exchanger 48 installed in the air conditioning area 104 and the air flow rate are controlled from the measured temperature by these sensors and the set temperature of the air conditioning area.

The present invention is configured as described above, and the invention according to the first means has the following effects.
○ Since the sun is incident or blocked using the difference in height between the sun in summer and winter, it can be done at low cost without human intervention.
○ Since it is a simple structure using the solar altitude, it is difficult to cause a failure and is highly reliable.

In the invention which concerns on a 2nd means, since the thermal storage medium was accommodated in the box 4 and unitized, the installation work to the field is easy.
In the invention according to the third means, the direct sunlight from above or from the side is blocked as the incident light amount control means. In addition to the direct sunlight during the day, if necessary, the West Etc. can also be reliably blocked.
In the invention according to the fourth means, a plate-like second light shielding body 40C for preventing the reflection of indirect light from surrounding objects is further provided, whereby the entry of sunlight can be more completely eliminated.
The plate-like second light shield 40C can stand up from the surface on which the aforementioned box 4 is placed, for example, facing the translucent part 10.
In the invention according to the fifth means, by providing the solar control louver 40D along the translucent portion 10, it is easier and more reliable than the case where the plate-like first light shield is provided. Can block sunlight.
In the invention according to the sixth means, since the solar radiation shielding louver can be adjusted to the inclination angle of the blades 41, it is possible to efficiently ventilate by manually opening and closing according to the off-season temperature, Furthermore, the inclination angle can be adjusted manually or automatically so that the amount of solar radiation is maximized during the winter season.
In the invention according to the seventh means, by using latent heat storage materials having different melting points, it is possible to cope with a wider range of changes in outside air temperature and solar radiation, and the effectiveness of the ventilation system can be enhanced.

In the invention according to the eighth means, since the plurality of heat storage media 14 are arranged along the meandering path of the introduced outside air in the box, the efficiency of heat exchange with air is high.
In the invention according to the ninth means, since the total heat exchanger 48 can be used, further energy saving can be achieved.

  1 to 4 show a ventilation system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

  This system includes an air passage 1 with a heat storage device, an air blowing means 26, a control means 30, and an incident light quantity control means 40. First, a known part of the configuration will be described.

  The air passage 1 is installed in the balcony 102 on the south side of the building 101, and the inside of the heat storage device 2 defined by the hollow box 4 and a part of the heat storage device box 4 (the front plate 5 in the illustrated example). The outside air introduction port 20 that is open through and the communication port 22 that opens from the rear plate 6 of the box through the building outer wall to the air conditioning area 104 is formed.

  In the heat storage device 2, a portion excluding the lower end portion of the front plate of the vertically long box 4 is preferably formed of a transparent plate facing south to be a translucent portion 10. It is desirable that a heat insulating material (not shown) is lined on the inner surface of the box excluding the light transmitting portion. Between the left and right side plates 8, 8 of the box 4, a plurality of shelves as a heat storage medium support material 12 are vertically installed, and a plurality of heat storage media 14... Are provided so as to be disposed with longitudinal air flow paths 16 in front of and behind. However, the heat storage medium support material 12 may have any structure as long as it can support a large number of heat storage media 14 while securing the air flow path. Each heat storage medium is obtained by enclosing a heat storage material in a container having a high solar absorption rate such as black. The heat storage material is desirably a latent heat storage material, and in particular, a material having a melting point of 20 to 25 ° C. is preferably used. However, it is also possible to use a heat storage material (for example, water) other than the latent heat storage material.

  The heat storage device 2 stores part of the energy received by the heat storage medium 14 during the winter daytime as shown in FIG. 1 to increase the temperature of the blast, and stores the remaining heat by light wind at night as shown in FIG. In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, the outside air during the summertime is sucked with a large air volume to store the cold energy in the heat storage medium 14, and the cold heat is collected by the weak wind as shown in FIG. During the summer daytime, the translucent part 10 is shielded by the incident light amount control means described later.

  The outside air inlet 20 opens at the lower end of the front plate of the box 4.

  The communication port 22 communicates with the indoor air conditioning region through the upper end of the rear plate 6 of the box 4 and the corresponding portion of the building outer wall.

  The blower means 26 is a blower fan, and is arranged in the communication port 22 in the illustrated example.

  The control means 30 has a control device 32 installed on the top plate 7 of the box 4 and a first temperature sensor 34 installed in the outside air inlet 20 in the illustrated example, and is measured by the temperature sensor. The air flow rate of the air blowing means 26 is controlled in accordance with the external temperature. Further, a second temperature sensor (not shown) may be installed in the air-conditioning area 104, and a lower limit value of the air flow rate may be provided so that the room temperature does not decrease too much. Further, the air volume may be manually switched.

  In the present invention, the incidence of sunlight from the light transmitting part 10 is restricted by the incident light amount control means 40. The incident light amount control means 40 regulates the sunlight using the difference in seasonal solar altitude θ.

In general, the maximum solar altitudes θ ₁ max and θ ₂ max in winter solstice 1 and summer solstice 2 are given by the following equation, where α is the latitude of the site where this system is installed, and β (= 23.5 °) .

[Formula 1] θ ₁ max = 90 ° −α−β

[Formula 2] θ ₂ max = 90 ° −α + β
According to this formula, the difference in altitude of sunlight is at most twice as large as the inclination angle of the earth's axis (47 °), and this difference in altitude is used to block sunlight from entering the translucent part in summer. The incident light amount control means is configured so as to satisfy the design specification that the incident light amount in winter is maximized.

  In the present embodiment, as the incident light amount control means 40, a plate-like first light shield 40A that blocks direct sunlight and a plate-like second light shield 40C that prevents reflection that generates indirect light are provided.

  The illustrated first light shield 40A is an upper light shield that protrudes in a bowl shape from the outer wall portion of the building 101 above the heat storage device 2, and the protruding length and installation height of the fence are the same as those of the translucent part 10. It is determined so as to satisfy the above design specifications corresponding to the vertical width and position.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, an oblique line L passing through the upper edge front end a and the lower edge rear end b of the opening periphery of the translucent part 10 at angles of incidence θ ₁ and θ ₂ , respectively. ₁ and L ₂ may be drawn, and the intersection c of these two straight lines may coincide with the lower edge of the front end face of the upper plate-shaped light shield 40A. It is important that the incident angle θ ₁ is larger than the minimum solar altitude θ ₁ max in the winter solstice, and θ ₂ is smaller than the maximum solar altitude θ ₂ max in the summer solstice and designed with a margin. How much margin should be taken will be described later. In addition, the said plate-shaped 1st light-shielding body is not restricted to a fence, The structure of existing buildings, such as a balcony of an apartment, can be utilized suitably.

In order to obtain the incident angle, an altitude (hereinafter referred to as a substantial altitude) θ * when a solar ray incident on the south-facing translucent portion 10 is projected onto the north-south surface S ₀ is required as shown in FIG. FIG. 5 shows the procedure. From the geometric relationship between the triangle SPO and the triangle S′P′O projected onto the north-south surface S ₀ , the following equation is obtained.

[Formula 3] θ ^* = tan ⁻¹ (S′P ′ / P′O) = tan ⁻¹ (tan θ / cos φ)
Tables 1 and 2 show the azimuth angle φ, the solar altitude θ, and the real altitude θ * calculated from the above equation 3 for each day away from the summer solstice in January. It is a thing. These figures are theoretical values calculated for Tokyo (139.8 East longitude, 35.7 North latitude).

FIG. 6 shows the position of the sun on the north-south surface from the south midnight to the sunset in the summer solstice, the spring equinox and the winter solstice based on Tables 1 and 2 above. According to this figure, since the sun at the summer solstice is moving from the left across the east-west plane S ₁ to the right, substantially highly theta * is the sun, the smallest at southing (at approximately 12), followed Sunset It turns out that it becomes large gradually until it reaches. Since the sun's movement from sunrise to south-center appears as a plane object with respect to the north-south surface, the real altitude θ * min at the time of south-center is the lowest. Therefore, if the projection length of the kite is determined so that the sun rays during the south and middle hours are blocked, if the kite is sufficiently long from east to west, all sunlight during the day can be blocked.

The same thing occurs in the period from spring equinox to autumn equinox. For example, if the real altitude θ * at the south-central time in early April is 60 °, if θ ₂ is set to 60 ° in FIG. From early to mid-September, solar radiation does not hit the translucent part 10 at all.

In addition, during the period from autumn to spring equivalency, the real altitude at the south-central time of the day is the largest. For this reason, if the highest real altitude of the period for which solar radiation heat is desired to be acquired throughout the day is determined, if this is substituted for θ ₂ in FIG. 1, sunlight is incident on the translucent part 10 at all times during that period. It will be. For example, during the period from late October to late February, it is 40 °.

  In addition, since the actual width of the kite (upper light shield) is finite, it is not possible to block the western and rising sun incident from a low altitude. Therefore, as the first light shielding means, in addition to the upper light shielding body 40A, a side light shielding body 40B may be provided as indicated by an imaginary line in FIGS. The side light-shielding body 40B can be a screen-type light shielding plate that stands up so as to cover the front side of the heat storage device 2, and can also be used as a partition plate for an existing apartment house balcony. . Note that it is not necessary to provide the side light-shielding body 40B in a place where the sun does not change from the surrounding environment.

  The second light shield 40C is for preventing indirect light from being reflected from the upper surface of the balcony. In the illustrated example, the second light-shielding body that also serves as a handrail is raised from the upper surface of the balcony 102 in front of the light-transmitting portion 10 described above. As shown in FIG. 1, the second light shielding body is provided so as not to prevent the sunlight from entering the light transmitting portion 10 in winter and to substantially block light reflected from the upper surface of the balcony 102 in summer.

    Table 1 below shows the distance d in the front-rear direction between the front surface of the light transmitting portion 10 and the front end surface of the upper light shielding body 40A in FIG. 1, the length g of the gap between the lower surface of the upper light shielding body 40A and the upper edge of the light transmitting portion 10; And the measurement data of the direct solar radiation amount to the south direction perpendicular | vertical translucent part when the height difference h of the both upper and lower edges of the translucent part 10 is changed variously from the case 1 to the case 21 are shown. According to this table, it can be seen that by appropriately changing the design specifications of the translucent part and the first light shield, the amount of incident light in winter can be sufficiently secured while the amount of incident light in summer is reduced to zero.

  Next, other features of the present embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 2 and the like, three rows of heat storage medium groups 14A, 14B, and 14C are arranged from the front (near the light transmitting portion 10) to the rear in the box 4 described above. In this case, it is mainly the front row heat storage medium group 14A that stores heat by receiving sunlight in winter, and the other heat storage medium groups 14B and 14C are mainly heated and cooled by the introduction of outdoor air during the winter daytime or summer nighttime. Used for heat storage. In this case, the process of increasing the solar radiation absorption rate by painting the surface of the heat storage medium black may be performed only for the frontmost heat storage medium.

  At this time, the melting point of the first heat storage medium row 14A may be about 20 ° C., and the melting points of the other heat storage medium rows 14B and 14C may be about 25 ° C. Capric acid / lauric acid mixture and capric acid / myristic acid mixture are available as heat storage materials with a melting point of around 20 ° C, and capric acid / stearic acid mixture and calcium chloride hydrate are preferred as heat storage materials with a melting point of around 25 ° C. It is. With the above configuration, when sunlight is incident during winter daytime, it is possible to take heat from solar energy, efficiently store it in the low melting point heat storage medium group 14A, and recover the heat storage at night. In addition, cold heat can be taken from the external cold air and efficiently stored in the high-melting-point heat storage medium groups 14B and 14C.

  Hereinafter, although other embodiment of this invention is described, the description is abbreviate | omitted by attaching | subjecting the same code | symbol about the matter same as 1st Embodiment among this structure.

  7 and 9 show a second embodiment of the present invention.

  In the present embodiment, a louver 40D composed of a plurality of blades 41 is provided in the light transmitting portion 10 of the heat storage device 2 as the previously described incident light quantity control means 40. It is desirable that the angles of the blades can be adjusted manually. This will be described later.

The inclination angle and width of the blade 41 are designed as follows. The inclination angle of the vane plate 41 may be the average value θ of the solar altitude during a certain period of winter, and this makes it possible to maximize the amount of incident light while minimizing the total shadow area due to the vane plate 41 during that period. For example, if it is 9 to 15 o'clock from late October to late February, it is about 30 °. This figure is almost the same as the southern altitude of the sun during the winter solstice. In order to increase the amount of solar radiation at the winter solstice, for example, the angle of the blade 41 can be about 27 °. In addition, the interval and length of each blade are determined with respect to the angle θ ₂ of the light beam passing through the rear end portion 0 ₁ of a certain blade plate F _{1 and} the front end portion N of the adjacent upper blade plate F ₂ in the case of the above-described case. What is necessary is just to determine similarly.

The following Table 4 is data showing the amount of solar radiation when the dimensions of the louver in FIG. Among these, for example, setting of example 8 (θ ₁ = 27 °, θ ₂ = 56 °) is clear and suitable for each function of light shielding in summer and light transmission in winter.

  In the case of a louver, a certain amount of shadow can be produced in the case of a louver as compared with the above-described saddle-shaped light-shielding body. Therefore, in order to maximize the amount of solar radiation in winter, the blades can be manually or automatically It is desirable to adjust the inclination angle of the plate. According to Table 2 above, the actual altitude between 9:00 am and 12:00 am on December 22 (winter solstice) is 24.7-30.8 degrees, 28.8-34.3 degrees on November 22, and 40.3 on October 22. It is ˜43.5 °, and each average value is about 28 °, 32 °, and 42 °, and there is a considerable difference between them. Therefore, for example, the inclination angle of the blades may be adjusted once a month to the average value of the solar radiation angles in December, November, January, and October.

  FIG. 9 is a modified example of the second embodiment, and shows a configuration of the scale plate 43 showing the scale 43a of the inclination angle of the preferred vane plate 41 for each month described above. For example, the scale plate is configured to be suspended along the end face of the blade 41 of the louver 40D, and the angle of the blade can be manually adjusted along the scale. In the illustrated example, the scale plate is a transparent plate that allows the scale and the blade to be angled as seen through from the side, but it is not always necessary to have such a structure. Unlike the illustrated example, when the blade angle is automatically adjusted, the angle of the blade 41 is changed in accordance with, for example, a control device that stores a preferred inclination angle of the blade 41 every month and a command from the control device. What is necessary is just to add an angle adjustment apparatus to the structure of FIG.7 and FIG.8. Although the above is a method for maximizing the amount of heat acquired by solar radiation, in some areas, such as October and November, when the heating load is not large, the solar radiation may be blocked by adjusting the louver angle.

    FIG. 10 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the partition plates 44 for forming the flow paths are alternately projected from the bottom plate and the top plate of the box body 4 between the heat storage media 14A, 14B,. Thus, the heat storage medium can be arranged along the meandering flow path inside the box 4, and the heat storage can be efficiently recovered.

  FIG. 11 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, instead of the partition plate 44 in the third embodiment, a blower fan as the auxiliary blower means 46 is installed at the center of the lower surface of the top plate of the box 4. According to this configuration, the outside air that has entered the box body 4 from the outside air inlet 20 during the winter day is heated and rises by the solar radiation to the heat storage medium group 14A in the front row. Is agitated and the heat storage medium groups 14B and 14C are exhausted to the outside after sufficient heat storage.

  FIG. 12 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the configuration of the ventilation system described above and the total heat exchanger 48 are provided. In the present embodiment, the air duct 50 that opens outward from the communication port 22 of the box 4 through the building 101 is provided, and the total heat exchanger 48 is provided in a part of the air duct portion that passes through the air conditioning area 104. First, second, and third temperature sensors 34, 36, and 38 are installed in the outside air introduction port 20, the communication port 22, and the air conditioning area 104 of the box body 4, respectively, and from the temperature measured by these sensors and the set temperature, The control device 32 is configured to be able to switch on and off the total heat exchanger.

1 is a side view of a ventilation system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the system of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the heat dissipation state of the night of summer of the system of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the thermal radiation state in the winter daytime of the system of FIG. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the principle of the system of FIG. FIG. 2 is another explanatory diagram showing the principle of the system of FIG. It is sectional drawing of the principal part of the ventilation system which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a principal part enlarged view of the system of FIG. It is a principal part perspective view of the modification of the system of FIG. It is sectional drawing of the principal part of the ventilation system which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the principal part of the ventilation system which concerns on the 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the principal part of the ventilation system which concerns on the 5th Embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Air passage 2 ... Thermal storage apparatus 4 ... Box 5 ... Front plate 6 ... Rear plate 7 ... Top plate
8 ... Left and right side plates 10 ... Translucent part 12 ... Heat storage medium support material 14 ... Heat storage medium
14A, 14B, 14C ... heat storage medium group 16 ... air flow path
20 ... Outside air inlet 22 ... Communication port 26 ... Blower means
30 ... Control means 32 ... Control device 34 ... First temperature sensor 36 ... Second temperature sensor
38 ... Third temperature sensor
40 ... Incident light intensity control means 40A, 40B ... Plate-shaped first light shield 40C ... Plate-shaped second light shield
40D ... Louver 41 ... Blades 43 ... Scale plate 43a ... Scale 44 ... Partition plate
46 ... Auxiliary ventilation means 48 ... Total heat exchanger 50 ... Duct
101 ... Building 102 ... Balcony 103 ... Outer wall 104 ... Air-conditioning area a ... Transparent part upper edge front end b ... Transparent part lower edge rear end c ... Intersection

Claims (9)

  In a ventilation system capable of irradiating sunlight to a heat storage medium incorporated in a part of the air passage formed in a part of the air passage, the light transmission is performed by utilizing a difference in sun level in summer and winter. A heat storage type ventilation system provided with an incident light amount control means 40 for preventing sunlight from entering through the unit 10 in winter and not in summer.   A part of the air passage 1 is formed as a box 4 with at least the front face facing the outside, and a transparent portion 10 formed of a transparent plate is provided on the front face of the box, and at least within a range where light can reach from the transparent portion 10. The heat storage type ventilation system according to claim 1, wherein one heat storage medium (14) is disposed and an outside air introduction port (20) and a communication port (22) to an air conditioning area are opened at appropriate positions of the box (4).   The plate-shaped first light shields 40A and 40B that shield direct sunlight from obliquely upward or obliquely as the incident light amount control means 40 are provided around the translucent part 10. Or the thermal storage type | formula ventilation system in any one of Claim 2.   As the incident light amount control means 40, a plate-like second light blocking body 40C for preventing the reflection of indirect light from objects around the light transmitting portion 10 is installed on the front side of the light transmitting portion 10. The regenerative ventilation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3.   5. The regenerative ventilation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a solar radiation control louver 40D disposed along the surface of the translucent part 10 is provided as the incident light intensity control means 40. system.   6. The regenerative ventilation system according to claim 5, wherein the solar radiation control louver 40D is capable of adjusting the inclination angle of the slats 41 manually or automatically.    The heat storage type ventilation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein different kinds of heat storage media respectively storing latent heat storage materials having different melting points are used as the heat storage medium (14).  An auxiliary air blowing means 46 to a partition plate 44 for restricting the flow path are provided so that air passes through the box 4 in a meandering manner, and a plurality of the heat storage media 14 are arranged along the meandering flow path. The regenerative ventilation system according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that. Temperature sensors 34, 36, and 38 are installed at the outside air inlet 20, the communication port 22, and the air conditioning area 104, respectively, and the total heat installed in the air conditioning area 104 is determined from the measured temperature by these sensors and the set temperature of the air conditioning area. The regenerative ventilation system according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the on / off switching of the exchanger 48 and the air flow rate are controlled.

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