JP2007192541A - Livestock manure processing system - Google Patents

Livestock manure processing system Download PDF

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JP2007192541A
JP2007192541A JP2007102142A JP2007102142A JP2007192541A JP 2007192541 A JP2007192541 A JP 2007192541A JP 2007102142 A JP2007102142 A JP 2007102142A JP 2007102142 A JP2007102142 A JP 2007102142A JP 2007192541 A JP2007192541 A JP 2007192541A
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combustion engine
livestock
odor gas
fuel
gas
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Hideto Ikeda
英人 池田
Masataka Obara
正孝 小原
Yoichi Marutani
洋一 丸谷
Toshiro Fujimori
俊郎 藤森
Tetsuya Hirata
哲也 平田
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IHI Corp
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Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a livestock manure treatment system having lower cost for easily deodorizing odor gas. <P>SOLUTION: The system comprises a fermentation device 11 for giving aerobic fermentation treatment to livestock manure, a combustion engine 20 for burning odor gas as an air source generated by the fermentation device 11 together with fuel, and a generator 21 connected to the combustion engine 20 for power generation. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、畜糞を発酵処理する畜糞処理システムに関する。   The present invention relates to a livestock excrement processing system for fermenting livestock feces.

臭気ガスとしては、例えば、家畜糞（糞尿を含む）の処理過程で発生する発酵臭気がある。こうした臭気ガスの脱臭方法としては、水（あるいは薬液）洗浄法、オガ粉吸着法、微生物分解法等が知られている。   As the odor gas, for example, there is a fermentation odor generated in the process of processing livestock feces (including manure). As a method for deodorizing such odorous gas, a water (or chemical solution) cleaning method, sawdust adsorption method, microbial decomposition method and the like are known.

しかしながら、上記脱臭方法は、水（薬液）処理を伴ったり、比較的広い敷地面積を必要としたりすることから、一般農家が利用するのは難しく、汎用性に欠ける。しかも、アンモニア以外の臭気成分を除去するのが難しい。   However, the deodorizing method involves water (chemical solution) treatment and requires a relatively large site area, so that it is difficult for general farmers to use and lacks versatility. Moreover, it is difficult to remove odor components other than ammonia.

また、近年、臭気ガスを炉（脱臭炉）内で燃焼させて臭気成分を高温で熱分解する燃焼脱臭法が検討されているものの、燃料コストが高く、畜産農家等の経済的負担が大きい。   In recent years, a combustion deodorization method in which odor gas is burned in a furnace (deodorization furnace) to thermally decompose odor components at a high temperature has been studied, but the fuel cost is high and the economic burden on livestock farmers is great.

本発明は、上述する事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、容易に臭気ガスを脱臭することができるとともに、低コスト化を図ることができる畜糞処理システムを提供することを目的とする。   This invention is made | formed in view of the situation mentioned above, and it aims at providing the livestock excrement processing system which can aim at cost reduction while being able to deodorize odor gas easily.

本発明は、上述した事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、ことを目的とするものである。   This invention is made | formed in view of the situation mentioned above, and aims at it.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明では、係る第１の解決手段として、畜糞を好気性発酵処理する発酵装置と、該発酵装置で発生した臭気ガスを空気源として燃料とともに燃焼させる燃焼機関と、該燃焼機関に接続され発電を行う発電機とを備える、という手段を採用する。   In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, as the first solving means, a fermentation apparatus that performs aerobic fermentation treatment of livestock excrement, and a combustion engine that burns odorous gas generated in the fermentation apparatus together with fuel as an air source, And a generator that is connected to the combustion engine and generates electric power.

また、第２の解決手段として、上記第１の解決手段において、燃焼機関は、ディーゼル機関であり、臭気ガスのみを空気源として燃料とともに燃焼させる、という手段を採用する。   Further, as the second solving means, in the first solving means, a means is adopted in which the combustion engine is a diesel engine and only the odor gas is burned together with the fuel as an air source.

本発明によれば、発酵装置において畜糞を好気性発酵処理することにより堆肥と極めて高い濃度のアンモニアが含まれた臭気ガスとが生成され、臭気ガスについては空気源として燃焼機関に供給されることにより燃料とともに燃焼して熱分解され、さらに燃焼機関を駆動源として発電機が駆動されることにより発電が行われる。
したがって、本発明によれば、堆肥を生産することができるとともに、極めて高い濃度のアンモニアが含まれているために臭気が極めて強い臭気ガスを脱臭することができ、かつ、発電によって畜糞の処理に要するコストを低コスト化することができる。 According to the present invention, a compost and odor gas containing extremely high concentration of ammonia are generated by aerobic fermentation treatment of livestock feces in a fermentation apparatus, and the odor gas is supplied to a combustion engine as an air source. The fuel is burned together with the fuel and thermally decomposed, and further, the generator is driven using the combustion engine as a drive source to generate power.
Therefore, according to the present invention, compost can be produced, odor gas having a very strong odor can be deodorized because ammonia is contained at a very high concentration, and livestock excreta can be processed by power generation. Costs required can be reduced.

以下、本発明の実施形態について図面を参照して説明する。図１は、本発明に係る畜糞処理システムの実施形態の一例を示す構成図である。畜糞処理システム１０は、畜糞を発酵処理する発酵装置１１と、発酵装置１１で発生する臭気ガスを脱臭する脱臭装置１２とを備えて構成されている。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an example of an embodiment of an animal manure processing system according to the present invention. The livestock manure processing system 10 includes a fermenter 11 that fermentes livestock feces and a deodorizer 12 that deodorizes odorous gas generated in the fermenter 11.

発酵装置１１としては、本例では、例えば、畜糞を連続的に好気性発酵させる連続式発酵機が用いられる。発酵装置１１は、発酵槽、畜糞の投入口、畜糞を攪拌する攪拌機、加熱用の電気ヒータ、発酵槽内に空気を取り込むための送風ブロア等を含んで構成される。発酵装置１１は、発酵熱及び電気ヒータの熱を利用して槽内の温度を調整しつつ、送風ブロアによって槽内に強制的に空気を導入し、畜糞の発酵を促進させる。また、上記電気ヒータの代わりに、後述する燃焼機関２０の排熱を加熱源として用いてもよい。排熱を利用することにより、電気ヒータの削減、または電力削減を図ることができる。   In this example, for example, a continuous fermenter that continuously aerobically fertilizes livestock feces is used as the fermenter 11. The fermenter 11 is configured to include a fermenter, a livestock dropping port, a stirrer that stirs livestock dung, an electric heater for heating, a blower blower for taking air into the fermenter, and the like. The fermentation apparatus 11 adjusts the temperature in the tank using the fermentation heat and the heat of the electric heater, and forcibly introduces air into the tank by the blower blower to promote the fermentation of livestock dung. Moreover, you may use the exhaust heat of the combustion engine 20 mentioned later as a heating source instead of the said electric heater. By using the exhaust heat, it is possible to reduce electric heaters or reduce electric power.

脱臭装置１２は、発酵装置１１の排気口に接続され、発酵装置１１の発酵槽内から排出される気体（臭気ガス）を脱臭処理する。本例では、脱臭装置１２は、臭気ガスを燃料とともに燃焼させる燃焼機関２０と、燃焼機関２０に接続され、発電を行う発電機２１とを含んで構成されている。   The deodorizer 12 is connected to the exhaust port of the fermentation apparatus 11 and deodorizes the gas (odor gas) discharged from the fermenter of the fermentation apparatus 11. In this example, the deodorizing device 12 includes a combustion engine 20 that combusts odor gas together with fuel, and a generator 21 that is connected to the combustion engine 20 and generates electric power.

上記燃焼機関２０としては、例えば、ディーゼル機関やガスタービン等が用いられる。図２は、燃焼機関２０にディーゼル機関を適用した構成例、図３は、燃焼機関２０にガスタービンを適用した構成例をそれぞれ示している。適用される燃焼機関の種類やその特性については、畜糞の処理量や設置スペース等の周囲環境等に応じて定められる。   For example, a diesel engine or a gas turbine is used as the combustion engine 20. FIG. 2 shows a configuration example in which a diesel engine is applied to the combustion engine 20, and FIG. 3 shows a configuration example in which a gas turbine is applied to the combustion engine 20. The type and characteristics of the combustion engine to be applied are determined according to the surrounding environment such as the amount of livestock excrement and the installation space.

図２及び図３において、臭気ガスは、空気源として燃焼機関２０内に導入され、燃料とともに燃焼される。なお、臭気ガスとともに空気を燃焼機関２０に導入してもよい。発電機２１は、燃焼機関２０の出力軸の回転により駆動され発電を行うようになっている。   2 and 3, the odor gas is introduced into the combustion engine 20 as an air source and burned together with the fuel. Note that air may be introduced into the combustion engine 20 together with the odor gas. The generator 21 is driven by the rotation of the output shaft of the combustion engine 20 to generate power.

上記構成の畜糞処理システム１０では、発酵装置１１に投入された畜糞は、発酵装置１１で発酵されて堆肥となり、堆肥となった畜糞は、発酵装置１１から随時取り出される。例えば、発酵装置１１に畜糞を投入してから３、４日後に、当初６０〜７０％あった水分が好気性発酵により乾燥して３０％まで減り、有機肥料が出来上がる。   In the livestock excrement processing system 10 having the above-described configuration, livestock feces that have been input to the fermentation apparatus 11 are fermented by the fermentor 11 to become compost, and the livestock excrement that has become compost is taken out from the fermenter 11 as needed. For example, three to four days after the livestock droppings are put into the fermenter 11, the moisture that was initially 60 to 70% is dried by aerobic fermentation and reduced to 30%, and an organic fertilizer is completed.

この発酵処理の際、発酵装置１１では、畜糞からアンモニア、メチルメルカプタン、硫化メチル、二硫化メチル等からなる臭気ガスが発生する。例えば、畜糞を発酵装置１１に投入してから１５〜２０時間後に、槽内は発酵熱によって８０°Ｃ程度まで温度が上昇し、臭気ガスの発生がピークとなる。発酵装置１１で発生した臭気ガスは、脱臭装置１２に導入される。   During the fermentation process, the fermenter 11 generates odorous gas composed of ammonia, methyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide, methyl disulfide and the like from livestock dung. For example, 15 to 20 hours after the livestock droppings are put into the fermentation apparatus 11, the temperature in the tank rises to about 80 ° C. due to fermentation heat, and the generation of odorous gas reaches a peak. Odor gas generated in the fermentation apparatus 11 is introduced into the deodorization apparatus 12.

脱臭装置１２において、臭気ガスは、空気源として燃焼機関２０内に導入され、燃料とともに燃焼される。臭気ガスは、この燃焼により、臭気成分（アンモニア、メチルメルカプタン、硫化メチル、二硫化メチル等）が熱分解され、脱臭される。   In the deodorizing device 12, odor gas is introduced into the combustion engine 20 as an air source and burned together with fuel. Odor components (such as ammonia, methyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide, and methyl disulfide) are thermally decomposed and deodorized by this combustion.

また、脱臭装置１２では、燃焼機関２０を駆動源として、発電機２１を駆動し、発電を行う。すなわち、使用される燃料は、脱臭目的だけでなく、発電にも利用される。この発電により、脱臭装置１２では、得られた電力の分、経済コストが軽減される。   Moreover, in the deodorizing apparatus 12, the generator 21 is driven using the combustion engine 20 as a drive source to generate power. That is, the fuel used is used not only for deodorization purposes but also for power generation. By this power generation, the deodorizing device 12 reduces the economic cost by the amount of power obtained.

このように、本例の畜糞処理システム１０では、脱臭装置１２にかかる経済コストが軽減される。そのため、低コストで畜糞を処理することができる。また、臭気ガスの脱臭処理に際して、水（薬液）処理や、広い敷地面積を必要としないため、一般農家にも容易に実施できる。   Thus, in the livestock manure processing system 10 of this example, the economic cost concerning the deodorizing apparatus 12 is reduced. Therefore, livestock feces can be processed at a low cost. In addition, since water (chemical solution) treatment and a large site area are not required for deodorizing treatment of odor gas, it can be easily carried out for general farmers.

次に、上記畜糞処理システムを鶏糞の処理に適用した場合の経済コストを試算した例について説明する。ここでは、鶏１万羽程度を保有する畜産農家を対象とした。   Next, a description will be given of an example in which the economic cost is estimated when the above-described animal manure treatment system is applied to chicken manure treatment. Here, we targeted livestock farmers with about 10,000 chickens.

鶏１万羽程度の場合、１日で約１トンの鶏糞が発生する。１トンの鶏糞を発酵処理した場合、約９８．９Ｎｍ3／ｈの臭気ガスが発生する（ｈは時間）。なお、この場合、臭気ガスには、約２０００ｐｐｍのアンモニア、数ｐｐｍのメチルカルカプタン、硫化水素、二硫化水素等が含まれる。 In the case of about 10,000 chickens, about 1 ton of chicken manure is generated in one day. When 1 ton of chicken manure is fermented, about 98.9 Nm 3 / h odorous gas is generated (h is time). In this case, the odor gas includes about 2000 ppm of ammonia, several ppm of methylcarcaptan, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen disulfide, and the like.

従来から行われているように、上記臭気ガスを炉（脱臭炉）内で燃焼させて臭気成分を高温で熱分解する場合、灯油４〜６リットル／ｈを必要とする。   As conventionally performed, when the odor gas is burned in a furnace (deodorization furnace) and the odor component is thermally decomposed at a high temperature, kerosene 4 to 6 liters / h is required.

これに対して、上記臭気ガスを空気源としてディーゼル機関に導入し、燃焼させる場合、燃料として灯油５．５７リットル／ｈを必要とする。また、ディーゼル機関を駆動源とする発電により、１８．８ｋＷの電力を得ることができる。   On the other hand, when the odor gas is introduced into a diesel engine as an air source and burned, kerosene 5.57 liter / h is required as fuel. Moreover, 18.8 kW of electric power can be obtained by power generation using a diesel engine as a drive source.

また、上記臭気ガスを空気源としてガスタービンに導入し、燃焼させる場合、燃料として灯油４．５リットル／ｈを必要とする。また、ガスタービンを駆動源とする発電により、２．６ｋＷの電力を得ることができる。なお、ガスタービンの場合、必要とされる空気源の量が多量であるため、臭気ガスに加えて空気７５．３Ｎｍ3／ｈをガスタービンに導入するとよい。 When the odor gas is introduced into a gas turbine as an air source and burned, kerosene 4.5 liter / h is required as fuel. In addition, 2.6 kW of power can be obtained by power generation using a gas turbine as a drive source. In the case of a gas turbine, since the amount of air source required is large, air 75.3 Nm 3 / h may be introduced into the gas turbine in addition to the odor gas.

図４に、炉（脱臭炉）を用いた従来例、ディーゼル機関を用いた例、及びガスタービンを用いた例のそれぞれについて、上記試算結果として、燃料コスト、及び発電により軽減されるコストを示す。上記試算により、従来の炉内で燃焼させるだけの場合に比べて、臭気ガスを燃焼機関に導入して発電を行うことにより、脱臭装置にかかる経済コストを軽減できることが分かった。また、本試算例の場合、ガスタービンよりもディーゼル機関を用いたほうがより効率的に発電を行うことができ、経済コストを軽減できることが分かった。   FIG. 4 shows the fuel cost and the cost reduced by power generation as the above estimation results for each of the conventional example using a furnace (deodorization furnace), the example using a diesel engine, and the example using a gas turbine. . From the above calculation, it was found that the economic cost of the deodorizing apparatus can be reduced by introducing odor gas into the combustion engine and generating electric power as compared with the case of merely burning in a conventional furnace. Moreover, in the case of this trial calculation example, it turned out that it is more efficient to use a diesel engine than a gas turbine, and can reduce economic cost.

以上、添付図面を参照しながら本発明に係る好適な実施形態について説明したが、本発明は係る例に限定されないことは言うまでもない。上述した例において示した各構成部材の諸形状や組み合わせ等は一例であって、本発明の主旨から逸脱しない範囲において設計要求等に基づき種々変更可能である。   As described above, the preferred embodiments according to the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the examples. Various shapes, combinations, and the like of the constituent members shown in the above-described examples are examples, and various modifications can be made based on design requirements and the like without departing from the gist of the present invention.

例えば、脱臭装置において、脱臭成分のうちのいずれかの成分が燃焼機関内で充分に熱分解されない場合等、燃焼機関から排出される排出ガスに対して脱臭処理をさらに施してもよい。   For example, in the deodorizing apparatus, when any one of the deodorizing components is not sufficiently thermally decomposed in the combustion engine, the deodorizing process may be further performed on the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion engine.

また、本発明は、畜糞として、鶏糞に限らず、他の動物の畜糞の処理にも適用できる。さらに、本発明は、畜糞からの臭気ガスに限らず、他の臭気ガスにも適用できる。   Further, the present invention is not limited to chicken droppings, but can also be applied to the treatment of animal droppings of other animals. Furthermore, the present invention can be applied not only to odor gas from livestock excrement but also to other odor gas.

本発明に係る畜糞処理システムの実施形態の一例を示す構成図である。It is a block diagram which shows an example of embodiment of the livestock excrement processing system which concerns on this invention. 燃焼機関にディーゼル機関を適用した構成例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structural example which applied the diesel engine to the combustion engine. 燃焼機関にガスタービンを適用した構成例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structural example which applied the gas turbine to the combustion engine. 燃料コスト、及び発電により軽減されるコストを試算した結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the result of having calculated the fuel cost and the cost reduced by electric power generation.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０…畜糞処理システム、１１…発酵装置、１２…脱臭装置、２０…燃焼機関、２１…発電機   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Livestock dung processing system, 11 ... Fermentation apparatus, 12 ... Deodorizing apparatus, 20 ... Combustion engine, 21 ... Generator

Claims (2)

畜糞を好気性発酵処理する発酵装置と、
該発酵装置で発生した臭気ガスを空気源として燃料とともに燃焼させる燃焼機関と、
該燃焼機関に接続され発電を行う発電機と
を備えることを特徴とする畜糞処理システム。 A fermentation apparatus for aerobic fermentation of livestock feces;
A combustion engine for burning the odor gas generated in the fermentation apparatus together with fuel as an air source;
And a dung processing system comprising: a generator connected to the combustion engine for generating power. 燃焼機関は、ディーゼル機関であり、臭気ガスのみを空気源として燃料とともに燃焼させることを特徴とする請求項１記載の畜糞処理システム。   The livestock excreta treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the combustion engine is a diesel engine and burns together with fuel using only odor gas as an air source.
JP2007102142A 2007-04-09 2007-04-09 Livestock manure processing system Pending JP2007192541A (en)

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Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5127380U (en) * 1974-08-20 1976-02-27
JPS5916524A (en) * 1982-07-19 1984-01-27 Sasebo Seisou Kk Deodorizer
JPS63186919A (en) * 1987-01-28 1988-08-02 Ookura Sangyo Kk Odor removing method
JPH03199184A (en) * 1989-12-28 1991-08-30 Akira Ito Organic waste fermenting device
JPH0742824U (en) * 1993-12-27 1995-08-11 則夫 佐合 Vehicle deodorizing device
JPH10183135A (en) * 1996-12-25 1998-07-14 Norio Namikata Apparatus for carbonizing organic substance and carbonization
JPH10235317A (en) * 1997-02-27 1998-09-08 Ebara Corp Anaerobic digestion treatment of livestock excretion
JP2001038330A (en) * 1998-11-25 2001-02-13 Kankyo Kogaku Kenkyusho:Kk Garbage disposal equipment for both low-temperature carbonization and fermentation
JP2001129510A (en) * 1999-11-04 2001-05-15 Osamu Ichimaru Paper waste power generation
JP2002309979A (en) * 2001-04-13 2002-10-23 Shoden System Kk Dual fuel diesel engine
JP2003063886A (en) * 2001-08-24 2003-03-05 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Device and method for recycling organic waste

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5127380U (en) * 1974-08-20 1976-02-27
JPS5916524A (en) * 1982-07-19 1984-01-27 Sasebo Seisou Kk Deodorizer
JPS63186919A (en) * 1987-01-28 1988-08-02 Ookura Sangyo Kk Odor removing method
JPH03199184A (en) * 1989-12-28 1991-08-30 Akira Ito Organic waste fermenting device
JPH0742824U (en) * 1993-12-27 1995-08-11 則夫 佐合 Vehicle deodorizing device
JPH10183135A (en) * 1996-12-25 1998-07-14 Norio Namikata Apparatus for carbonizing organic substance and carbonization
JPH10235317A (en) * 1997-02-27 1998-09-08 Ebara Corp Anaerobic digestion treatment of livestock excretion
JP2001038330A (en) * 1998-11-25 2001-02-13 Kankyo Kogaku Kenkyusho:Kk Garbage disposal equipment for both low-temperature carbonization and fermentation
JP2001129510A (en) * 1999-11-04 2001-05-15 Osamu Ichimaru Paper waste power generation
JP2002309979A (en) * 2001-04-13 2002-10-23 Shoden System Kk Dual fuel diesel engine
JP2003063886A (en) * 2001-08-24 2003-03-05 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Device and method for recycling organic waste

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