JP2007242528A - Fuel cell cogeneration system - Google Patents

Fuel cell cogeneration system Download PDF

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JP2007242528A
JP2007242528A JP2006066000A JP2006066000A JP2007242528A JP 2007242528 A JP2007242528 A JP 2007242528A JP 2006066000 A JP2006066000 A JP 2006066000A JP 2006066000 A JP2006066000 A JP 2006066000A JP 2007242528 A JP2007242528 A JP 2007242528A
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power
fuel cell
power failure
auxiliary machine
conditioner device
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JP5070717B2 (en
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Kotaro Nakamura
耕太郎 中村
Masao Mabuchi
雅夫 馬渕
Seiji Oka
誠治 岡
Katsutaka Tanabe
勝隆 田邊
Takushi Kumagai
卓志 熊谷
Kenichi Inoue
健一 井上
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Omron Corp
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Omron Tateisi Electronics Co
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

【課題】系統側が停電すると、連系運転を実行することができないため、燃料電池自体の劣化に繋がる。
【解決手段】燃料電池２Ｂと、第一系統３と、一般負荷４と、燃料電池からの直流電力を交流電力に変換し、この交流電力を一般負荷に供給するパワコン装置２Ｃと、第一系統からの電力で燃料電池の稼動に必要な動作を実行する補機２Ａとを有し、パワコン装置は、燃料電池及び第一系統間の連系運転を実行する燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム１であって、第二系統５と、第一系統側の停電を検出すると、第一系統から第二系統に切替えて、第二系統から補機に交流電力を供給し、補機への電力供給に応じて、燃料電池及び第二系統間の連系運転を開始することで余剰電力配分制御動作を実行可能にしたコントローラ６とを有している。
【選択図】図１
When a power failure occurs on the grid side, the interconnection operation cannot be executed, which leads to deterioration of the fuel cell itself.
A fuel cell 2B, a first system 3, a general load 4, a power converter device 2C for converting DC power from the fuel cell into AC power, and supplying the AC power to the general load, and a first system An auxiliary machine 2A that executes an operation necessary for the operation of the fuel cell with the electric power from the fuel cell, and the power control device is a fuel cell cogeneration system 1 that executes a linked operation between the fuel cell and the first system. When a power failure is detected on the second system 5 and the first system side, the first system is switched to the second system, AC power is supplied from the second system to the auxiliary machine, and the power supply to the auxiliary machine is performed. And a controller 6 that enables the surplus power distribution control operation to be executed by starting the interconnection operation between the fuel cell and the second system.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

本発明は、例えば燃料電池の稼動に必要な改質器等の補機を使用する燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムに関する。   The present invention relates to a fuel cell cogeneration system using auxiliary equipment such as a reformer necessary for operation of a fuel cell, for example.

従来、このような燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムとしては、商用電源等の系統と、系統からの電力供給で、例えば天然ガスや灯油等の燃料を改質して水素を抽出する改質器等の補機と、この水素と空気中の酸素とを反応させることで直流電力を発電する燃料電池と、燃料電池及び系統間に配置された、例えば家電機器等の一般負荷と、燃料電池からの直流電力を交流電力に変換するパワーコンディショナ装置（以下、単にパワコン装置と称する）とを有し、パワコン装置は、燃料電池及び系統間の連系運転を実行して、一般負荷に電力供給している。   Conventionally, such a fuel cell cogeneration system includes a system such as a commercial power supply and a power supply from the system, for example, a reformer such as a reformer that extracts hydrogen by reforming a fuel such as natural gas or kerosene. A fuel cell that generates direct-current power by reacting this hydrogen with oxygen in the air, a general load, such as a home appliance, disposed between the fuel cell and the system, and direct-current power from the fuel cell And a power conditioner device (hereinafter simply referred to as a power conditioner device) that converts the power into AC power, and the power conditioner device performs an interconnection operation between the fuel cell and the system to supply power to a general load. .

また、パワコン装置は、燃料電池及び系統間の連系運転中においては、一般負荷の負荷量が減少したとしても、燃料電池の出力量を変動させることなく、その余剰電力をダミー負荷に供給する余剰電力配分制御動作を実行することができ、この余剰電力配分制御動作を実行することで急激な出力変動に伴う燃料電池自体の劣化を確実に防止することができるものである。   Further, during the interconnection operation between the fuel cell and the system, the power conditioner device supplies the surplus power to the dummy load without changing the output amount of the fuel cell even if the load amount of the general load decreases. The surplus power distribution control operation can be executed. By executing this surplus power distribution control operation, it is possible to reliably prevent the fuel cell itself from being deteriorated due to a sudden output fluctuation.

しかしながら、このような燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムによれば、系統側で停電が発生すると、系統から補機への電力供給がなくなるため、補機の稼動が停止し、その結果、燃料電池の発電動作が停止してしまうことになる。   However, according to such a fuel cell cogeneration system, when a power failure occurs on the grid side, the power supply from the grid to the auxiliary equipment is lost, so the operation of the auxiliary equipment is stopped, and as a result, the power generation operation of the fuel cell Will stop.

そこで、従来の燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムにおいては、無停電電源を予め準備しておき、系統側の停電を検出すると、無停電電源から補機に電力を供給するようにしたので、系統側が停電したとしても、補機の稼動が停止することはなく、燃料電池の発電動作を継続することができるものである（例えば特許文献１参照）。
特開２００５−２０３１４５号公報（要約書及び図1参照） Therefore, in the conventional fuel cell cogeneration system, an uninterruptible power supply is prepared in advance, and when a power failure on the system side is detected, power is supplied from the uninterruptible power supply to the auxiliary machine, so the system side has a power failure. However, the operation of the auxiliary machine does not stop, and the power generation operation of the fuel cell can be continued (for example, see Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-203145 (see abstract and FIG. 1)

しかしながら、上記特許文献１の燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムによれば、系統側の停電を検出すると、無停電電源から補機に電力を供給するようにしたが、系統が停電状態であることから、パワコン装置では連系運転から自立運転に移行してしまうことになる。その結果、パワコン装置では、自立運転に移行すると、余剰電力配分制御動作を実行することができないことから、一般負荷の負荷量に追従した出力となり、このような急激な出力変動で燃料電池自体が劣化してしまうことが考えられる。   However, according to the fuel cell cogeneration system of Patent Document 1 described above, when a power failure on the system side is detected, power is supplied from the uninterruptible power supply to the auxiliary machine. In the device, the system shifts from the grid operation to the independent operation. As a result, when the power conditioner device shifts to the self-sustained operation, the surplus power distribution control operation cannot be executed, so that the output follows the load amount of the general load. It may be deteriorated.

そこで、本発明は上記点に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的とするところは、系統側で停電が発生したとしても、連系運転を行うことで余剰電力配分制御動作を実行可能にし、その結果、急激な出力変動を防止することで燃料電池自体の劣化を確実に防止することができる燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムを提供することにある。   Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and the purpose of the present invention is to enable the surplus power distribution control operation to be executed by performing the grid operation even if a power failure occurs on the system side, As a result, it is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel cell cogeneration system that can reliably prevent deterioration of the fuel cell itself by preventing sudden output fluctuations.

上記目的を達成するために本発明の燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムは、直流電力を発電する燃料電池と、商用電源で構成する第一系統と、前記燃料電池及び前記第一系統間に配置された一般負荷と、前記燃料電池からの直流電力を交流電力に変換し、この交流電力を前記一般負荷に供給するパワーコンディショナ装置と、前記第一系統からの電力供給で前記燃料電池の稼動に必要な動作を実行する補機とを有し、前記パワーコンディショナ装置は、前記燃料電池及び前記第一系統間の連系運転を実行することで余剰電力配分制御動作を実行可能にする燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムであって、前記第一系統側の停電を検出する停電検出手段と、前記第一系統とは異なる電源で構成する第二系統と、前記停電検出手段にて前記第一系統側の停電を検出すると、前記第一系統から前記第二系統に切替えて、前記第二系統から前記補機に交流電力を供給し、前記補機への電力供給に応じて、前記燃料電池及び前記第二系統間の連系運転を開始することで前記余剰電力配分制御動作を実行可能にした制御手段とを有するようにした。   In order to achieve the above object, a fuel cell cogeneration system according to the present invention includes a fuel cell that generates direct-current power, a first system constituted by a commercial power source, and a general arrangement disposed between the fuel cell and the first system. A load and a power conditioner device that converts direct current power from the fuel cell into alternating current power and supplies the alternating current power to the general load, and power supply from the first system are necessary for operation of the fuel cell. An auxiliary machine that executes an operation, and the power conditioner device performs a surplus power distribution control operation by executing an interconnection operation between the fuel cell and the first system. In the system, the power failure detection means for detecting a power failure on the first system side, the second system configured by a power source different from the first system, and the power failure detection means When a power failure on one system side is detected, the first system is switched to the second system, AC power is supplied from the second system to the auxiliary machine, and the fuel is supplied according to the power supply to the auxiliary machine. And a control unit that enables the surplus power distribution control operation to be executed by starting the interconnection operation between the battery and the second system.

従って、本発明の燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムによれば、系統側の停電を検出すると、前記第一系統から前記第二系統に切替えて、前記第二系統から前記補機に電力を供給し、前記補機への電力供給に応じて、前記燃料電池及び前記第二系統間の連系運転を開始することで前記余剰電力配分制御動作を実行可能にしたので、系統側で停電が発生したとしても、連系運転を行うことで余剰電力配分制御動作を実行可能にし、その結果、急激な出力変動を防止することで燃料電池自体の劣化を確実に防止することができる。   Therefore, according to the fuel cell cogeneration system of the present invention, when a power failure on the system side is detected, the first system is switched to the second system, power is supplied from the second system to the auxiliary machine, Since the surplus power distribution control operation can be executed by starting the interconnection operation between the fuel cell and the second system according to the power supply to the auxiliary machine, even if a power failure occurs on the system side The surplus power distribution control operation can be executed by performing the grid operation, and as a result, it is possible to surely prevent the fuel cell itself from deteriorating by preventing a sudden output fluctuation.

また、本発明の燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムは、前記第二系統が、直流電力を蓄電した蓄電池と、前記蓄電池からの直流電力を交流電力に変換する第二系統側パワーコンディショナ装置とを有し、前記制御手段からの指示に基づき、前記蓄電池及び前記第二系統側パワーコンディショナ装置を起動して、前記第二系統側パワーコンディショナ装置から交流電力を前記補機に供給するようにした。   In the fuel cell cogeneration system of the present invention, the second system includes a storage battery that stores DC power, and a second system-side power conditioner device that converts DC power from the storage battery into AC power. Based on an instruction from the control means, the storage battery and the second system-side power conditioner device are activated, and AC power is supplied from the second system-side power conditioner device to the auxiliary machine.

従って、本発明の燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムによれば、第二系統側では、制御手段からの指示に基づき起動し、第二系統側パワーコンディショナ装置から交流電力を補機に供給するようにしたので、系統側で停電が発生したとしても、補機の稼動を継続し、その結果、燃料電池の発電動作を継続することができる。   Therefore, according to the fuel cell cogeneration system of the present invention, the second system side is started based on an instruction from the control means, and AC power is supplied to the auxiliary machine from the second system side power conditioner device. Therefore, even if a power failure occurs on the system side, the operation of the auxiliary machine can be continued, and as a result, the power generation operation of the fuel cell can be continued.

また、本発明の燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムは、前記第一系統側の停電復旧を検出する停電復旧検出手段を有し、前記制御手段は、前記停電復旧検出手段にて前記第一系統側の停電復旧を検出すると、前記第二系統から前記第一系統に切替えて、前記第一系統から前記補機に交流電力を供給し、前記補機への電力供給に応じて、前記燃料電池及び前記第一系統間の連系運転を再開することで前記余剰電力配分制御動作を実行可能にした。   Further, the fuel cell cogeneration system of the present invention has a power failure recovery detecting means for detecting power failure recovery on the first system side, and the control means is a power failure on the first system side by the power failure recovery detection means. When the recovery is detected, the second system is switched to the first system, AC power is supplied from the first system to the auxiliary equipment, and the fuel cell and the first power supply are supplied according to the power supply to the auxiliary equipment. The surplus power distribution control operation can be executed by restarting the interconnection operation between one system.

従って、本発明の燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムによれば、前記停電復旧検出手段にて前記第一系統側の停電復旧を検出すると、前記第二系統から前記第一系統に切替えて、前記第一系統から前記補機に交流電力を供給し、前記補機への電力供給に応じて、前記燃料電池及び前記第一系統間の連系運転を再開することで前記余剰電力配分制御動作を実行可能にしたので、第一系統側が停電復旧した場合、燃料電池及び第一系統間の連系運転を再開して余剰電力配分制御動作を実行可能にすることができる。   Therefore, according to the fuel cell cogeneration system of the present invention, when the power failure recovery on the first system side is detected by the power failure recovery detection means, the first system is switched from the second system to the first system. The surplus power distribution control operation can be executed by supplying AC power to the auxiliary machine and restarting the interconnection operation between the fuel cell and the first system according to the power supply to the auxiliary machine. Therefore, when the first system side recovers from the power failure, it is possible to resume the interconnection operation between the fuel cell and the first system and execute the surplus power distribution control operation.

また、本発明の燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムは、前記パワーコンディショナ装置及び前記第一系統間を電気的に接続する切替手段を配置し、前記制御手段は、前記停電検出手段にて前記第一系統側の停電を検出すると、前記パワーコンディショナ装置及び前記第一系統間の電気的接続を遮断すべく、前記切替手段を制御するようにした。   Further, the fuel cell cogeneration system of the present invention includes a switching means for electrically connecting the power conditioner device and the first system, and the control means is configured to detect the first system by the power failure detection means. When the power failure on the side is detected, the switching means is controlled to cut off the electrical connection between the power conditioner device and the first system.

従って、本発明の燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムによれば、前記停電検出手段にて前記第一系統側の停電を検出すると、前記パワーコンディショナ装置及び前記第一系統間の電気的接続を遮断すべく、前記切替手段を制御するようにしたので、第一系統側の停電復旧に伴う過電圧保護を図ることができる。   Therefore, according to the fuel cell cogeneration system of the present invention, when a power failure on the first system side is detected by the power failure detection means, the electrical connection between the power conditioner device and the first system should be interrupted. Since the switching means is controlled, it is possible to achieve overvoltage protection accompanying the restoration of the power failure on the first system side.

上記のように構成された本発明の燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムによれば、系統側の停電を検出すると、前記第一系統から前記第二系統に切替えて、前記第二系統から前記補機に電力を供給し、前記補機への電力供給に応じて、前記燃料電池及び前記第二系統間の連系運転を開始することで前記余剰電力配分制御動作を実行可能にしたので、系統側で停電が発生したとしても、連系運転を行うことで余剰電力配分制御動作を実行可能にし、その結果、急激な出力変動を防止することで燃料電池自体の劣化を確実に防止することができる。   According to the fuel cell cogeneration system of the present invention configured as described above, when a power failure on the system side is detected, the first system is switched to the second system, and power is supplied from the second system to the auxiliary machine. The surplus power distribution control operation can be executed by starting the interconnection operation between the fuel cell and the second system in response to the power supply to the auxiliary machine. Even if this occurs, it is possible to execute the surplus power distribution control operation by performing the interconnected operation, and as a result, it is possible to reliably prevent deterioration of the fuel cell itself by preventing sudden output fluctuations.

以下、図面に基づいて本発明の実施の形態を示す燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムについて説明する。図１は本実施の形態を示す燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム内部の概略構成を示すブロック図である。   Hereinafter, a fuel cell cogeneration system showing an embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration inside a fuel cell cogeneration system according to the present embodiment.

図１に示す燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム１は、燃料電池で電力を発電する燃料電池発電機２と、商用電源で構成する第一系統３と、燃料電池発電機２及び第一系統３間に配置された、例えば家電機器等の一般負荷４と、第一系統３の停電時に起動を開始する第二系統５と、燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム１全体を制御するコントローラ６とを有している。   A fuel cell cogeneration system 1 shown in FIG. 1 is arranged between a fuel cell generator 2 that generates electric power with a fuel cell, a first system 3 configured by a commercial power source, and the fuel cell generator 2 and the first system 3. For example, it has a general load 4 such as home appliances, a second system 5 that starts when a power failure occurs in the first system 3, and a controller 6 that controls the entire fuel cell cogeneration system 1.

燃料電池発電機２は、第一系統３からの電力供給で、例えば天然ガスや灯油等の燃料を改質して水素を抽出する改質器等の補機２Ａと、この水素と空気中の酸素とを反応させることで直流電力を発電する燃料電池２Ｂと、燃料電池２Ｂ及び第一系統３間に配置され、燃料電池２Ｂからの直流電力を交流電力に変換するパワコン装置２Ｃとを有し、パワコン装置２Ｃは、燃料電池２Ｂ及び第一系統３間の連系運転を実行して交流電力を一般負荷４に供給するものである。   The fuel cell generator 2 is supplied with electric power from the first system 3, and for example, an auxiliary device 2A such as a reformer for extracting hydrogen by reforming a fuel such as natural gas or kerosene, and the hydrogen and air A fuel cell 2B that generates DC power by reacting with oxygen, and a power converter device 2C that is disposed between the fuel cell 2B and the first system 3 and converts DC power from the fuel cell 2B into AC power The power conditioner device 2 </ b> C performs an interconnection operation between the fuel cell 2 </ b> B and the first system 3 and supplies AC power to the general load 4.

また、第二系統５は、直流電力を蓄積した第二系統側バッテリ５Ａと、第二系統側バッテリ５Ａからの直流電力を交流電力に変換出力する第二系統側パワコン装置５Ｂとを有している。   The second system 5 includes a second system side battery 5A that stores DC power, and a second system side power control device 5B that converts and outputs the DC power from the second system side battery 5A to AC power. Yes.

また、コントローラ６は、通信ライン６Ａを通じて燃料電池発電機２及び第二系統５と通信し、これら燃料電池発電機２及び第二系統５を制御するものである。   The controller 6 communicates with the fuel cell generator 2 and the second system 5 through the communication line 6 </ b> A to control the fuel cell generator 2 and the second system 5.

また、燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム１では、パワコン装置２Ｃ及び一般負荷４間を電気的に接続する第１接点スイッチ７Ａと、パワコン装置２Ｃ及び第二系統５間を電気的に接続する第２接点スイッチ７Ｂと、パワコン装置２Ｃ及び第一系統３間を電気的に接続する第３接点スイッチ７Ｃと、パワコン装置２Ｃ及びダミー負荷８間を電気的に接続する余剰電力配分制御用スイッチ９とを有し、コントローラ６は、第１接点スイッチ７Ａ、第２接点スイッチ７Ｂ、第３接点スイッチ７Ｃ及び余剰電力配分制御用スイッチ９をＯＮ／ＯＦＦ制御するものである。   In the fuel cell cogeneration system 1, the first contact switch 7 </ b> A that electrically connects the power converter device 2 </ b> C and the general load 4, and the second contact switch that electrically connects the power converter device 2 </ b> C and the second system 5. 7B, a third contact switch 7C that electrically connects the power control device 2C and the first system 3, and a surplus power distribution control switch 9 that electrically connects the power control device 2C and the dummy load 8. The controller 6 performs ON / OFF control of the first contact switch 7A, the second contact switch 7B, the third contact switch 7C, and the surplus power distribution control switch 9.

また、コントローラ６は、例えば燃料電池２Ｂ及び第一系統３間の連系運転中においてパワコン装置２Ｃの出力電力が一般負荷４の消費電力を上回る場合、その余剰電力をダミー負荷８に電力供給すべく、余剰電力配分制御用スイッチ９をＯＮ制御するものである。   The controller 6 supplies the surplus power to the dummy load 8 when the output power of the power conditioner 2C exceeds the power consumption of the general load 4 during the interconnection operation between the fuel cell 2B and the first system 3, for example. Accordingly, the surplus power distribution control switch 9 is ON-controlled.

また、燃料電池発電機２内部のパワコン装置２Ｃは、燃料電池２Ｂ及び第一系統３間の連系運転中に第一系統３側の停電を監視する停電検出部２１を備え、停電検出部２１にて第一系統３側の停電を検出すると、通信ライン６Ａを通じて停電検出信号をコントローラ６に通知するものである。   Moreover, the power conditioner 2C inside the fuel cell generator 2 includes a power failure detection unit 21 that monitors a power failure on the first system 3 side during the interconnection operation between the fuel cell 2B and the first system 3, and includes a power failure detection unit 21. When a power failure on the first system 3 side is detected, a power failure detection signal is sent to the controller 6 through the communication line 6A.

さらに、コントローラ６は、停電検出信号を検出すると、第二系統５を起動させるべく、起動信号を第二系統５に出力すると共に、第一系統３の停電時に系統電圧を監視し、系統電圧を検知すると、第一系統３側の停電復旧であると判断して、通信ライン６Ａを通じて第二系統５に停止信号を出力するものである。   Further, when detecting the power failure detection signal, the controller 6 outputs a start signal to the second system 5 in order to start the second system 5, and monitors the system voltage at the time of the power failure of the first system 3, When detected, it is determined that the power failure is restored on the first system 3 side, and a stop signal is output to the second system 5 through the communication line 6A.

尚、請求項記載の燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムは燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム１、燃料電池は燃料電池２Ｂ、第一系統は第一系統３、一般負荷は一般負荷４、パワーコンディショナ装置はパワコン装置２Ｃ、補機は補機２Ａ、停電検出手段は停電検出部２１及びコントローラ６、第二系統は第二系統５、制御手段はコントローラ６、蓄電池は第二系統側バッテリ５Ａ、第二系統側パワーコンディショナ装置は第二系統側パワコン装置５Ｂ、停電復旧検出手段はコントローラ６、切替手段は第３接点スイッチ７Ｃに相当するものである。   The fuel cell cogeneration system is a fuel cell cogeneration system 1, a fuel cell is a fuel cell 2B, a first system is a first system 3, a general load is a general load 4, and a power conditioner device is a power conditioner 2C. The auxiliary machine is the auxiliary machine 2A, the power failure detection means is the power failure detection unit 21 and the controller 6, the second system is the second system 5, the control means is the controller 6, the storage battery is the second system side battery 5A, and the second system side power condition. The N device corresponds to the second system side power control device 5B, the power failure recovery detecting means corresponds to the controller 6, and the switching means corresponds to the third contact switch 7C.

次に本実施の形態を示す燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム１の動作について説明する。図２は本実施の形態を示す燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム１の停電・復旧処理に関わるコントローラ６の処理動作を示すフローチャートである。   Next, operation | movement of the fuel cell cogeneration system 1 which shows this Embodiment is demonstrated. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the processing operation of the controller 6 related to the power failure / recovery processing of the fuel cell cogeneration system 1 showing the present embodiment.

図２に示す停電・復旧処理とは、燃料電池２Ｂ及び第一系統３間の連系運転中に第一系統３側の停電を検出すると、第二系統５から補機２Ａに電力を供給して燃料電池２Ｂ及び第二系統５間の連系運転を開始すると共に、燃料電池２Ｂ及び第二系統５間の連系運転中に第一系統３側の停電復旧を検出すると、第一系統３から補機２Ａへの電力供給を再開して燃料電池２Ｂ及び第一系統３間の連系運転を再開する処理である。   The power failure / recovery process shown in FIG. 2 is to supply power from the second system 5 to the auxiliary machine 2A when a power failure on the first system 3 side is detected during the interconnection operation between the fuel cell 2B and the first system 3. When starting the interconnection operation between the fuel cell 2B and the second system 5, and detecting the power failure recovery on the first system 3 side during the interconnection operation between the fuel cell 2B and the second system 5, the first system 3 Is a process of restarting the power supply to the auxiliary machine 2A and restarting the interconnection operation between the fuel cell 2B and the first system 3.

図２においてコントローラ６は、第一系統３及び燃料電池２Ｂ間の連系運転中に、通信ライン６Ａを通じてパワコン装置２Ｃから停電検出信号を検出したか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１１）。尚、パワコン装置２Ｃ内部の停電検出部２１は、第一系統３側の停電を検出すると、停電検出信号をコントローラ６に通知するものである。   In FIG. 2, the controller 6 determines whether or not a power failure detection signal is detected from the power conditioner device 2C through the communication line 6A during the interconnection operation between the first system 3 and the fuel cell 2B (step S11). In addition, the power failure detection part 21 inside the power conditioner apparatus 2C notifies the power failure detection signal to the controller 6 when the power failure on the first system 3 side is detected.

コントローラ６は、停電検出信号を検出したと判定されると、通信ライン６Ａを通じて第二系統５に対して起動開始を促す起動信号を出力する（ステップＳ１２）。尚、第二系統５は、起動信号を検出すると、第二系統側バッテリ５Ａ及び第二系統側パワコン装置５Ｂを起動して第二系統側パワコン装置５Ｂの自立運転を開始することになる。   If it determines with having detected the power failure detection signal, the controller 6 will output the starting signal which urges | starts starting with respect to the 2nd system | strain 5 via the communication line 6A (step S12). When the second system 5 detects the activation signal, the second system-side battery 5A and the second system-side power control device 5B are activated to start the independent operation of the second system-side power control device 5B.

さらに、コントローラ６は、パワコン装置２Ｃ及び第一系統３間を電気的に遮断すべく、第３接点スイッチ７ＣをＯＦＦ制御する（ステップＳ１３）。尚、第３接点スイッチ７ＣのＯＦＦ制御は、第一系統３側の停電復旧に伴う過電圧保護のためである。   Further, the controller 6 controls the third contact switch 7C to be OFF in order to electrically disconnect the power control device 2C and the first system 3 (step S13). Incidentally, the OFF control of the third contact switch 7C is for overvoltage protection accompanying the restoration of the power failure on the first system 3 side.

さらに、コントローラ６は、パワコン装置２Ｃ及び一般負荷４間を電気的に遮断すべく、第１接点スイッチ７ＡをＯＦＦ制御すると共に、パワコン装置２Ｃ及び第二系統５間を電気的に接続すべく、第２接点スイッチ７ＢをＯＮ制御する（ステップＳ１４）。尚、第１接点スイッチ７ＡのＯＦＦ制御は、第二系統５に対する過負荷防止のためである。また、第２接点スイッチ７ＢのＯＮ制御は、第二系統側パワコン装置５Ｂからの交流電力を補機２Ａに電力供給し、その結果、補機２Ａの電力供給に応じて、燃料電池２Ｂは発電動作を再開することになる。   Further, the controller 6 controls the first contact switch 7A to be OFF in order to electrically disconnect the power control device 2C and the general load 4, and to electrically connect the power control device 2C and the second system 5, The second contact switch 7B is turned on (step S14). The OFF control of the first contact switch 7A is for preventing overload on the second system 5. Further, the ON control of the second contact switch 7B supplies AC power from the second system side power conditioner device 5B to the auxiliary machine 2A. As a result, the fuel cell 2B generates power according to the power supply of the auxiliary machine 2A. The operation will be resumed.

そして、燃料電池発電機２内のパワコン装置２Ｃは、燃料電池２Ｂ及び第二系統５間の連系運転を開始することになる。   Then, the power conditioner 2C in the fuel cell generator 2 starts the interconnection operation between the fuel cell 2B and the second system 5.

そして、コントローラ６は、パワコン装置２Ｃによる燃料電池２Ｂ及び第二系統５間の連系運転を開始すると、パワコン装置２Ｃ及び一般負荷４間を電気的に接続すべく、第１接点スイッチ７ＡをＯＮ制御することになる(ステップＳ１５)。この際、パワコン装置２Ｃは、燃料電池２Ｂ及び第二系統５間の連系運転中であるため、例えば一般負荷４の負荷量が減少したとしても、燃料電池２Ｂの出力を変動させることなく、余剰電力配分制御用スイッチ９をＯＮ制御することで、その余剰電力をダミー負荷８に供給する余剰電力配分制御動作を実行することができる。   Then, when the controller 6 starts the interconnection operation between the fuel cell 2B and the second system 5 by the power converter device 2C, the controller 6 turns on the first contact switch 7A to electrically connect the power converter device 2C and the general load 4 to each other. It will be controlled (step S15). At this time, since the power converter device 2C is in the interconnection operation between the fuel cell 2B and the second system 5, for example, even if the load amount of the general load 4 is reduced, without changing the output of the fuel cell 2B, The surplus power distribution control operation for supplying the surplus power to the dummy load 8 can be executed by ON-controlling the surplus power distribution control switch 9.

また、コントローラ６は、第一系統３側が停電中であっても、第一系統３側の系統電圧を監視して、同系統電圧を検知したか否かを判定する(ステップＳ１６)。   Further, the controller 6 monitors the system voltage on the first system 3 side even if the first system 3 side is in a power failure, and determines whether or not the same system voltage has been detected (step S16).

コントローラ６は、第一系統３側の系統電圧を検知したと判定されると、第一系統３側の停電が復旧したものと判断し、パワコン装置２Ｃ及び一般負荷４間を電気的に遮断すべく、第１接点スイッチ７ＡをＯＦＦ制御、パワコン装置２Ｃ及び第二系統５間を電気的に遮断すべく、第２接点スイッチ７ＢをＯＦＦ制御、パワコン装置２Ｃ及び第一系統３間を電気的に接続すべく、第３接点スイッチ７ＣをＯＮ制御する (ステップＳ１７)。尚、第１接点スイッチ７ＡのＯＦＦ制御は、第二系統５に対する過負荷防止のためである。第２接点スイッチ７ＢのＯＦＦ制御は、第二系統５から補機２Ａに対する電力の供給を停止するためである。   When it is determined that the system voltage on the first system 3 side is detected, the controller 6 determines that the power failure on the first system 3 side has been restored, and electrically disconnects the power control device 2C and the general load 4 from each other. Therefore, the first contact switch 7A is OFF-controlled, and the power-con device 2C and the second system 5 are electrically disconnected. The second contact switch 7B is OFF-controlled, and the power-con device 2C and the first system 3 are electrically connected. In order to connect, the third contact switch 7C is ON-controlled (step S17). The OFF control of the first contact switch 7A is for preventing overload on the second system 5. The OFF control of the second contact switch 7B is for stopping the supply of electric power from the second system 5 to the auxiliary machine 2A.

また、第３接点スイッチ７ＣのＯＮ制御は、停電復旧した第一系統３から補機２Ａへの電力供給を再開し、その結果、補機２Ａの電力供給に応じて、燃料電池２Ｂは発電動作を継続することになる。そして、燃料電池発電機２内のパワコン装置２Ｃは、燃料電池２Ｂ及び第一系統３間の連系運転を再開することになる。   In addition, the ON control of the third contact switch 7C restarts the power supply from the first system 3 that has been restored to the power failure to the auxiliary machine 2A. As a result, the fuel cell 2B performs a power generation operation according to the power supply of the auxiliary machine 2A. Will continue. Then, the power conditioner 2C in the fuel cell generator 2 resumes the interconnection operation between the fuel cell 2B and the first system 3.

また、コントローラ６は、通信ライン６Ａを通じて第二系統５に対して停止信号を出力する（ステップＳ１８）。尚、第二系統５は、停止信号を検出すると、第二系統側バッテリ５Ａ及び第二系統側パワコン装置５Ｂの運転を停止することになる。   In addition, the controller 6 outputs a stop signal to the second system 5 through the communication line 6A (step S18). When the second system 5 detects the stop signal, the second system 5 stops the operation of the second system side battery 5A and the second system side power conditioner device 5B.

さらに、コントローラ６は、パワコン装置２Ｃ及び一般負荷４間を電気的に接続すべく、第１接点スイッチ７ＡをＯＮ制御することで（ステップＳ１９）、この処理動作を終了する。この際、パワコン装置２Ｃは、燃料電池２Ｂ及び第一系統３間の連系運転中であるため、例えば一般負荷４の負荷量が減少したとしても、燃料電池２Ｂの出力を変動させることなく、余剰電力配分制御用スイッチ９をＯＮ制御することで、その余剰電力をダミー負荷８に供給する余剰電力配分制御動作を実行することができる。   Further, the controller 6 ends the processing operation by ON-controlling the first contact point switch 7A to electrically connect the power control device 2C and the general load 4 (step S19). At this time, since the power converter device 2C is in the interconnection operation between the fuel cell 2B and the first system 3, for example, even if the load amount of the general load 4 is reduced, without changing the output of the fuel cell 2B, The surplus power distribution control operation for supplying the surplus power to the dummy load 8 can be executed by ON-controlling the surplus power distribution control switch 9.

また、コントローラ６は、ステップＳ１１にて停電検出信号を検出したのでなければ、この処理動作を終了する。   Moreover, the controller 6 complete | finishes this process operation, if the power failure detection signal is not detected in step S11.

本実施の形態によれば、第一系統３側の停電を検出すると、第一系統３から第二系統５に切替えて、第二系統５から補機２Ａに電力を供給し、補機２Ａへの電力供給に応じて、燃料電池２Ｂ及び第二系統５間の連系運転を開始することで余剰電力配分制御動作を実行可能にしたので、第一系統３側で停電が発生したとしても、連系運転を行うことで余剰電力配分制御動作を実行可能にし、その結果、急激な出力変動を防止することで燃料電池２Ｂ自体の劣化を確実に防止することができる。   According to the present embodiment, when a power failure on the first system 3 side is detected, the first system 3 is switched to the second system 5 to supply power to the auxiliary machine 2A from the second system 5 to the auxiliary machine 2A. Since the surplus power distribution control operation can be executed by starting the interconnection operation between the fuel cell 2B and the second system 5 in accordance with the power supply of the power system 2, even if a power failure occurs on the first system 3 side, By performing the interconnection operation, it is possible to execute the surplus power distribution control operation, and as a result, it is possible to surely prevent the deterioration of the fuel cell 2B itself by preventing a sudden output fluctuation.

また、本実施の形態によれば、第二系統５側では、コントローラ６からの指示に基づき起動し、第二系統側パワコン装置５Ｂから交流電力を補機２Ａに供給するようにしたので、第一系統３側で停電が発生したとしても、補機２Ａの稼動を継続し、その結果、燃料電池２Ｂの発電動作を継続することができる。   Further, according to the present embodiment, the second system 5 side is activated based on an instruction from the controller 6, and AC power is supplied from the second system side power conditioner device 5B to the auxiliary machine 2A. Even if a power failure occurs on the one system 3 side, the operation of the auxiliary machine 2A can be continued, and as a result, the power generation operation of the fuel cell 2B can be continued.

また、本実施の形態によれば、第一系統３側の停電復旧を検出すると、第二系統５から第一系統３に切替えて、第一系統３から補機２Ａに交流電力を供給し、補機２Ａへの電力供給に応じて、燃料電池２Ｂ及び第一系統３間の連系運転を再開することで余剰電力配分制御動作を実行可能にしたので、第一系統３側が停電復旧した場合、燃料電池２Ｂ及び第一系統３間の連系運転を再開して余剰電力配分制御動作を実行可能にすることができる。   Further, according to the present embodiment, when power failure recovery on the first system 3 side is detected, the second system 5 is switched to the first system 3, and AC power is supplied from the first system 3 to the auxiliary machine 2A. When the surplus power distribution control operation can be executed by restarting the interconnection operation between the fuel cell 2B and the first system 3 according to the power supply to the auxiliary machine 2A, so that the first system 3 side recovers from the power failure The interconnection operation between the fuel cell 2 </ b> B and the first system 3 can be resumed to perform the surplus power distribution control operation.

また、本実施の形態によれば、第一系統３側の停電を検出すると、パワコン装置２Ｃ及び第一系統３間の電気的接続を遮断すべく、第３接点スイッチ７ＣをＯＦＦ制御するようにしたので、第一系統３側の停電復旧に伴う過電圧保護を図ることができる。   Further, according to the present embodiment, when a power failure on the first system 3 side is detected, the third contact switch 7C is controlled to be OFF to cut off the electrical connection between the power control device 2C and the first system 3. Therefore, the overvoltage protection accompanying the power failure recovery on the first system 3 side can be achieved.

尚、上記実施の形態においては、補機２Ａとして改質器を例に挙げて説明したが、燃料電池２Ｂを稼動させるに必要な機器、例えば燃料電池２Ｂ内の水素と酸素との反応で生じる熱を回収する熱回収器や、ポンプ、ブロワ、弁類、センサや流量計等の補機であっても、同様の効果が得られることは言うまでもない。   In the above-described embodiment, the reformer has been described as an example of the auxiliary machine 2A. However, it is generated by a reaction between equipment necessary for operating the fuel cell 2B, for example, hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell 2B. It goes without saying that similar effects can be obtained even with heat recovery devices that recover heat, and auxiliary equipment such as pumps, blowers, valves, sensors, and flow meters.

上記のように構成された本発明の燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムによれば、系統側で停電が発生したとしても、自立運転ではなく、連系運転を行うことで余剰電力配分制御動作を実行可能にし、その結果、急激な出力変動を防止することで燃料電池自体の劣化を確実に防止することができるため、例えば補機を使用する、天然ガスや灯油等の燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムに有用である。   According to the fuel cell cogeneration system of the present invention configured as described above, even if a power failure occurs on the grid side, the surplus power distribution control operation can be performed by performing the interconnected operation instead of the independent operation. As a result, it is possible to surely prevent deterioration of the fuel cell itself by preventing sudden fluctuations in output, which is useful for fuel cell cogeneration systems such as natural gas and kerosene that use auxiliary equipment, for example. .

本発明の実施の形態を示す燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム内部の概略構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows schematic structure inside the fuel cell cogeneration system which shows embodiment of this invention. 本実施の形態を示す燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムの停電・復旧処理に関わるコントローラの処理動作を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the processing operation of the controller in connection with the power failure / restoration process of the fuel cell cogeneration system which shows this Embodiment.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム
２Ａ 補機
２Ｂ 燃料電池
２Ｃ パワコン装置（パワーコンディショナ装置）
３ 第一系統
４ 一般負荷
５ 第二系統
５Ａ 第二系統側バッテリ（蓄電池）
５Ｂ 第二系統側パワコン装置（第二系統側パワーコンディショナ装置）
６ コントローラ（制御手段）
７Ｃ 第３接点スイッチ（切替手段）
２１ 停電検出部（停電検出手段、停電復旧検出手段）

1 Fuel cell cogeneration system 2A Auxiliary machine 2B Fuel cell 2C Power conditioner device (power conditioner device)
3 First system 4 General load 5 Second system 5A Second system side battery (storage battery)
5B Second system power conditioner (second system power conditioner)
6 Controller (control means)
7C 3rd contact point switch (switching means)
21 Power failure detection unit (power failure detection means, power failure recovery detection means)

Claims (4)

直流電力を発電する燃料電池と、商用電源で構成する第一系統と、前記燃料電池及び前記第一系統間に配置された一般負荷と、前記燃料電池からの直流電力を交流電力に変換し、この交流電力を前記一般負荷に供給するパワーコンディショナ装置と、前記第一系統からの電力供給で前記燃料電池の稼動に必要な動作を実行する補機とを有し、前記パワーコンディショナ装置は、前記燃料電池及び前記第一系統間の連系運転を実行することで余剰電力配分制御動作を実行可能にする燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムであって、
前記第一系統側の停電を検出する停電検出手段と、
前記第一系統とは異なる電源で構成する第二系統と、
前記停電検出手段にて前記第一系統側の停電を検出すると、前記第一系統から前記第二系統に切替えて、前記第二系統から前記補機に交流電力を供給し、前記補機への電力供給に応じて、前記燃料電池及び前記第二系統間の連系運転を開始することで前記余剰電力配分制御動作を実行可能にした制御手段とを有することを特徴とする燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム。 A fuel cell that generates DC power, a first system configured with a commercial power source, a general load disposed between the fuel cell and the first system, and DC power from the fuel cell is converted into AC power, A power conditioner device that supplies the AC power to the general load; and an auxiliary device that performs an operation necessary for the operation of the fuel cell by supplying power from the first system, the power conditioner device comprising: , A fuel cell cogeneration system that enables a surplus power distribution control operation to be performed by executing an interconnection operation between the fuel cell and the first system,
A power failure detection means for detecting a power failure on the first system side;
A second system configured with a power source different from the first system;
When a power failure on the first system side is detected by the power failure detection means, switching from the first system to the second system, supplying AC power from the second system to the auxiliary machine, to the auxiliary machine A fuel cell cogeneration system comprising: control means capable of executing the surplus power distribution control operation by starting an interconnection operation between the fuel cell and the second system in response to power supply. . 前記第二系統は、
直流電力を蓄電した蓄電池と、
前記蓄電池からの直流電力を交流電力に変換する第二系統側パワーコンディショナ装置とを有し、前記制御手段からの指示に基づき、前記蓄電池及び前記第二系統側パワーコンディショナ装置を起動して、前記第二系統側パワーコンディショナ装置から交流電力を前記補機に供給することを特徴とする請求項１記載の燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム。 The second system is
A storage battery storing DC power;
A second-system power conditioner device that converts direct-current power from the storage battery into alternating-current power, and activates the storage battery and the second-system power conditioner device based on an instruction from the control means. 2. The fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein AC power is supplied from the second system side power conditioner device to the auxiliary machine. 前記第一系統側の停電復旧を検出する停電復旧検出手段を有し、
前記制御手段は、
前記停電復旧検出手段にて前記第一系統側の停電復旧を検出すると、前記第二系統から前記第一系統に切替えて、前記第一系統から前記補機に交流電力を供給し、前記補機への電力供給に応じて、前記燃料電池及び前記第一系統間の連系運転を再開することで前記余剰電力配分制御動作を実行可能にしたことを特徴とする請求項１又は２記載の燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム。 A power failure recovery detecting means for detecting power failure recovery on the first system side;
The control means includes
When power failure recovery on the first system side is detected by the power failure recovery detection means, the second system is switched to the first system, AC power is supplied from the first system to the auxiliary machine, and the auxiliary machine 3. The fuel according to claim 1, wherein the surplus power distribution control operation can be executed by restarting the interconnection operation between the fuel cell and the first system in response to power supply to the fuel cell. Battery cogeneration system. 前記パワーコンディショナ装置及び前記第一系統間を電気的に接続する切替手段を配置し、
前記制御手段は、
前記停電検出手段にて前記第一系統側の停電を検出すると、前記パワーコンディショナ装置及び前記第一系統間の電気的接続を遮断すべく、前記切替手段を制御することを特徴とする請求項１乃至３の何れか一に記載の燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム。

A switching means for electrically connecting the power conditioner device and the first system is disposed,
The control means includes
The switching means is controlled to cut off the electrical connection between the power conditioner device and the first system when the power failure detection means detects a power failure on the first system side. The fuel cell cogeneration system according to any one of 1 to 3.

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