JP2008502902A - 複合金属アナライトセンサ - Google Patents
複合金属アナライトセンサ Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008502902A JP2008502902A JP2007516453A JP2007516453A JP2008502902A JP 2008502902 A JP2008502902 A JP 2008502902A JP 2007516453 A JP2007516453 A JP 2007516453A JP 2007516453 A JP2007516453 A JP 2007516453A JP 2008502902 A JP2008502902 A JP 2008502902A
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- Prior art keywords
- core
- metal
- sensor
- electrochemically active
- sensor according
- Prior art date
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 title claims 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000037368 penetrate the skin Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 28
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- HLXZNVUGXRDIFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni] HLXZNVUGXRDIFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 108010015776 Glucose oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000004366 Glucose oxidase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940116332 glucose oxidase Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 235000019420 glucose oxidase Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 5
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- CWLKGDAVCFYWJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 CWLKGDAVCFYWJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940018563 3-aminophenol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005489 paracetamol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14542—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue for measuring blood gases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1468—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means
- A61B5/1486—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means using enzyme electrodes, e.g. with immobilised oxidase
- A61B5/14865—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means using enzyme electrodes, e.g. with immobilised oxidase invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter or needle or using implanted sensors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/12—Manufacturing methods specially adapted for producing sensors for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/125—Manufacturing methods specially adapted for producing sensors for in-vivo measurements characterised by the manufacture of electrodes
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (34)
- 哺乳類の身体へと少なくとも部分的に挿入されるよう適合されたセンサ要素であって、
(a) 構造上堅固な物質を有するコアと、
(b) 前記コアの少なくとも一部分に対して実質的に円周に適用される電気化学的活性金属を有する層と、
を有する、
センサ要素。 - 前記電気化学的活性金属は、貴金属である、
請求項1記載のセンサ。 - 前記構造上堅固な金属は、ステンレススチールである、
請求項1記載のセンサ。 - 前記構造上堅固な金属は、タンタルである、
請求項1記載のセンサ。 - 前記貴金属は、金である、
請求項2記載のセンサ。 - 前記貴金属は、プラチナである、
請求項2記載のセンサ。 - 前記貴金属は、パラジウムである、
請求項2記載のセンサ。 - 前記コアは、断面において円形であり、
前記電気化学的活性金属は、前記コアに対して円周に適用される、
請求項1記載のセンサ。 - 更に生体適合性及び可撓性があり、哺乳類へと少なくとも24時間埋め込まれ得る、
請求項1記載のセンサ。 - 更に剛性であり且つ鋭く、
一時的に皮膚を貫通し得、且つ3分より短い時間続く測定工程に対して体液と接触され得る、
請求項1記載のセンサ。 - 前記コア及び前記層は、適切な長さに切断されている引き出され充填された管の一部である、
請求項1記載のセンサ。 - 前記コアは、断面において円形である、
請求項1記載のセンサ。 - 体液を有する哺乳類の体内における被検体濃度を測定する方法であって、
(a) センサを与える段階と、
(b) 前記センサの少なくとも一部分を前記体液と接触させる段階と、
(c) 前記センサの前記少なくとも一部分によって発出される電流を測定し、前記電流測定に基づいて被検体濃度の測定を成す段階と、
を有し、
前記段階(a)は、
(i) 構造上堅固な材料のコアと、
(ii) 前記コアの少なくとも一部分に対して適用される電気化学的活性金属の層と、
を有する、
方法。 - 前記電気化学的活性金属は、貴金属である、
請求項13記載の方法。 - 前記貴金属は、金である、
請求項14記載の方法。 - 前記構造上堅固な金属は、ステンレススチールである、
請求項13記載の方法。 - 前記構造上堅固な金属は、タンタルである、
請求項13記載の方法。 - 前記センサの前記少なくとも一部分は、少なくとも24時間挿入されたままであり、複数の被検体測定をもたらす、
請求項13記載の方法。 - 前記センサの前記少なくとも一部分は、3分より短い時間挿入されたままである、
請求項13記載の方法。 - 前記センサの前記少なくとも一部分は、単一の測定のみを与える、
請求項19記載の方法。 - 前記センサの前記少なくとも一部分は、測定が成される前に前記哺乳類の身体から引き出され、
測定は、前記センサの前記少なくとも一部分が引き出された後に残留された体液を使用して成される、
請求項19記載の方法。 - 優れた構造上及び電気化学的特性を有するセンサ要素を製造する方法であって、
(a) 構造上堅固な金属のコアを与える段階と、
(b) 電気化学的活性金属の層を前記コアの少なくとも一部分上へと適用する段階と、
を有する、
方法。 - 前記電気化学的活性金属は、貴金属である、
請求項22記載の方法。 - 前記貴金属は、金である、
請求項22記載の方法。 - 前記構造上堅固な材料は、ステンレススチールである、
請求項22記載の方法。 - 前記構造上堅固な材料は、タンタルである、
請求項22記載の方法。 - プラズマ蒸着は、電気化学的活性金属を前記コアの少なくとも一部分上へと適用する段階において使用される、
請求項22記載の方法。 - 前記コアは、前記プラズマ蒸着の前に直接に表面安定化処理される、
請求項27記載の方法。 - 電気化学的活性金属の層を前記コアの少なくとも一部分上へと適用する前記段階は、電気メッキによって行われる、
請求項22記載の方法。 - 前記電気メッキは、40アンペア/平方フィートより小さい電流密度を有する鋼浴において行われる、
請求項29記載の方法。 - 中間金属のストライクは、電気化学的活性金属の層を前記コアの少なくとも一部分上へと適用する前記段階に先立ち、前記構造上堅固な金属に対して適用される、
請求項29記載の方法。 - 前記中間金属は、金である、
請求項31記載の方法。 - 前記中間金属はクロムである、
請求項31記載の方法。 - 電気化学的活性金属の層を前記コアの少なくとも一部分上へと適用する前記段階は、前記電気化学的活性金属のフォイルを有して前記コアを被覆加工することによって行われる、
請求項22記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2004/019648 WO2005074810A1 (en) | 2004-06-16 | 2004-06-16 | Compound metal analyte sensor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2008502902A true JP2008502902A (ja) | 2008-01-31 |
| JP4681606B2 JP4681606B2 (ja) | 2011-05-11 |
Family
ID=34839166
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007516453A Expired - Fee Related JP4681606B2 (ja) | 2004-06-16 | 2004-06-16 | 複合金属アナライトセンサ |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP1765148A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4681606B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1988846A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2570895A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005074810A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010179100A (ja) * | 2009-02-05 | 2010-08-19 | Lifescan Inc | 可撓性留置型バイオセンサ、可撓性留置型バイオセンサの挿入装置、及びその関連方法 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0560722A (ja) * | 1991-08-30 | 1993-03-12 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | グルコースセンサ |
| JPH07501139A (ja) * | 1991-10-22 | 1995-02-02 | ローズマウント インコーポレイテッド | ペーハーセンサのための絶縁コア電極 |
| JP2003038465A (ja) * | 2001-06-12 | 2003-02-12 | Lifescan Inc | 経皮的生物流体成分サンプリングおよび測定の装置および方法 |
| JP2003038464A (ja) * | 2001-06-12 | 2003-02-12 | Lifescan Inc | 経皮的生物流体サンプリングおよび分析物測定の装置および方法 |
| WO2004030514A2 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2004-04-15 | Medtronic Minimed, Inc. | Enhanced integrity implantable sensor device |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3436329A (en) * | 1964-12-11 | 1969-04-01 | Beckman Instruments Inc | Microelectrode and method of making same |
| US3957613A (en) * | 1974-11-01 | 1976-05-18 | General Electric Company | Miniature probe having multifunctional electrodes for sensing ions and gases |
| US5165407A (en) * | 1990-04-19 | 1992-11-24 | The University Of Kansas | Implantable glucose sensor |
| DK0637323T3 (da) | 1992-04-24 | 1999-05-25 | Polymer Technology Group Inc | Copolymerer og ikke-porøs, semipermeabel membran deraf og dens anvendelse til permeering af molekyler med et forudbestemt m |
| US5589563A (en) | 1992-04-24 | 1996-12-31 | The Polymer Technology Group | Surface-modifying endgroups for biomedical polymers |
| US5522977A (en) * | 1994-10-07 | 1996-06-04 | Biomedix, Inc. | Glucose sensor |
| PT1077634E (pt) * | 1998-05-13 | 2003-12-31 | Cygnus Therapeutic Systems | Monitorizacao de substancias fisiologicas a analisar |
| US7120483B2 (en) * | 2003-01-13 | 2006-10-10 | Isense Corporation | Methods for analyte sensing and measurement |
| US6965791B1 (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2005-11-15 | Sorenson Medical, Inc. | Implantable biosensor system, apparatus and method |
-
2004
- 2004-06-16 JP JP2007516453A patent/JP4681606B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-06-16 EP EP04776794A patent/EP1765148A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-06-16 EP EP11153393A patent/EP2335566A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-06-16 CN CN200480043601.5A patent/CN1988846A/zh active Pending
- 2004-06-16 CA CA002570895A patent/CA2570895A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-06-16 WO PCT/US2004/019648 patent/WO2005074810A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0560722A (ja) * | 1991-08-30 | 1993-03-12 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | グルコースセンサ |
| JPH07501139A (ja) * | 1991-10-22 | 1995-02-02 | ローズマウント インコーポレイテッド | ペーハーセンサのための絶縁コア電極 |
| JP2003038465A (ja) * | 2001-06-12 | 2003-02-12 | Lifescan Inc | 経皮的生物流体成分サンプリングおよび測定の装置および方法 |
| JP2003038464A (ja) * | 2001-06-12 | 2003-02-12 | Lifescan Inc | 経皮的生物流体サンプリングおよび分析物測定の装置および方法 |
| WO2004030514A2 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2004-04-15 | Medtronic Minimed, Inc. | Enhanced integrity implantable sensor device |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010179100A (ja) * | 2009-02-05 | 2010-08-19 | Lifescan Inc | 可撓性留置型バイオセンサ、可撓性留置型バイオセンサの挿入装置、及びその関連方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1765148A4 (en) | 2008-09-24 |
| JP4681606B2 (ja) | 2011-05-11 |
| EP1765148A1 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
| EP2335566A1 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
| WO2005074810A1 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
| CA2570895A1 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
| CN1988846A (zh) | 2007-06-27 |
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