JP2012111128A - Laminated material - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the size from being changed when environmental conditions are changed; to attain cost reduction; and to promote effective use of conifers such as cedar wood, Japanese cypress wood (C. obtusa) and the like.SOLUTION: An inner layer plywood IPW in which six non-compressed conifer veneers WS (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6) are laminated and adhered such that the mutual grain length directions of the plurality of veneers are orthogonal to one another, and the thicknesses of the conifer veneers W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 other than the bonded side conifer veneer 6 bonded to a surface plastic-worked material SPW are set within a range of 2 mm-4 mm, and the bonded side conifer veneer W6 is cut into a thickness which is within a range of 1/4-3/4 of the thicknesses of the conifer veneers W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 is bonded to one surface side of the surface plastic-worked material SPW the wood thickness of which is compressed with heat and is consolidation-processed by external force exerted in a direction vertical to a length direction of the grain so as to have a relative density of dried wood of 0.7 or more such that a length direction of the grain on its cut surface is orthogonal to a length direction of the grain of the surface plastic-worked material SPW.

Description

The present invention relates to a laminated material using a plywood formed by laminating an uncompressed veneer on an inner layer portion, using plastically processed wood that is compacted in the surface layer portion, and in particular, instead of a conventional lauan plywood. The present invention relates to a laminated material that can be used effectively for conifers such as cedar and cypress, and can be used for flooring, waistboard, table top, and the like.

Conventionally, wood trees that have low density and insufficient hardness, such as cedar and cypress, are known to have a hardness that can withstand practical use if they are compressed and densified. It has been.
However, the price of timber is generally distributed based on the volume of the original timber, and the price calculated taking into account various costs for compacting the timber is reduced by compressing and densifying. It is not possible to set the value too high because there is no value added to match the volume of the finished wood.
For this reason, the wood that has been compressed and densified in this way has often been commercialized as a laminated structure in combination with a base material (plywood) that has not been compressed.

  Here, in conifers such as cedar, as it is, the specific gravity is low and lacks in strength and rigidity, and there is density variation due to annual rings, and the moisture content varies depending on the part. It is difficult to use as a plywood because it is easily deformed due to certain reasons, and further, when a log such as a cedar material is cut with a rotary race, a back crack is likely to occur. For this reason, Lauan plywood has been used mainly as wood to be combined with wood that has been compressed and densified so that there are no nodes or annual rings and deformation such as madness.

However, in recent years, the number of lauan timber has been drastically reduced due to over-cutting, and since it is difficult to regenerate once it has been cut, its cutting is limited. For this reason, the use of woody materials other than lauan is desired.
On the other hand, in Japan, there is a need for effective use of coniferous trees such as cedar that can be easily re-produced in an environment where they can be obtained relatively stably by planned logging or thinning. In the background, the growth of conifers such as cedar wood that was actively planted in the 1940's has progressed to the logging stage. It is also in a state.

  By the way, in view of the above-mentioned present situation of Lauan wood, Patent Document 1 is an example of a laminated material using low specific gravity materials such as afforestation trees, afforestation trees, and fast-growing trees without using Lauan plywood. In Patent Document 1, on a low specific gravity plate (plywood) having a specific gravity of 0.45 or less, a compacted plate having a specific gravity of 0.5 or more obtained by consolidating a low specific gravity material having a specific gravity of 0.45 or less is laminated, Furthermore, by layering wood fiberboard on them, the dent resistance is improved, and it is possible to use a low specific gravity material that has been too soft and not used as a base material for flooring. It can be used.

JP 2008-025260 A

However, in Patent Document 1, wood subjected to three different types of processing, a low specific polymerization board having a specific gravity of 0.45 or less, a consolidated board having a specific gravity of 0.5 or more, and a wood fiber board is used. The expansion rate and the shrinkage rate are greatly different at the joint surfaces of the two, and therefore, it is predicted that the dimensional shape stability is greatly impaired due to a large distortion or deformation caused by a change in ambient environmental conditions. Further, according to Patent Document 1, even if the dent resistance can be ensured by laminating the wood fiber board on the consolidated board, since three kinds of processed wood are used, it is troublesome to manufacture. And cost reduction is difficult.
In addition, in Patent Document 1, it is also described that by providing a backing layer having a predetermined tensile strength and moisture resistance in the lower layer, harmful valley warping of the flooring material is prevented, but in such means, by the drying of the surrounding environment There is a possibility that cracks are likely to occur due to a large stress applied to the adhesive surface with the backing layer because it cannot cope with the change. In addition, when the backing layer is provided, the cost is further increased.

Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, it is difficult to have scars and dents, has sufficient strength and rigidity, and dimensions and shape when the ambient environmental conditions change after commercialization It is an object of the present invention to provide a laminated material that can prevent changes, further reduce costs and facilitate manufacturing, and can effectively use coniferous trees such as cedar and cypress.

  In the laminated material according to claim 1, the thickness of the wood is heated and compressed by an external force applied in a direction perpendicular to the length direction (textile direction) of the wood grain, and the air-drying specific gravity is 0.7. A plurality of non-compressed softwood veneers are laminated and bonded to one side of the surface plastic working material as described above so that the length directions of the respective grain are orthogonal to each other, and bonded to the surface plastic working material. The inner layer plywood having a thickness of the conifer veneer other than the bonded conifer veneer in the range of 2 mm to 4 mm, the length direction of the joint side conifer veneer is the length direction of the surface plastic working material And joined so as to be orthogonal to each other.

  By the way, in the surface plastic working material, the thickness is heated and compressed by an external force applied in a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the grain, and at least the area of the mouth end surface is heated and compressed in a direction parallel to the end face of the wood. It means that it was made small, so-called compacting. Note that the grain length direction of the surface plastic working material is the fiber direction of the wood. Further, the compacting process in which the thickness of the surface plastic working material is compressed can be formed, for example, by setting the moisture content of the wood so that the entire thickness is substantially uniform, and heating and compressing under predetermined conditions. . The temperature, pressure, time, compression speed, and the like, which are predetermined conditions at this time, are determined in advance through experiments or the like using tree species, moisture content, and the like as parameters. Here, the surface of the surface plastic working material includes a surface to be a design surface.

  The air-dry specific gravity is the specific gravity when wood is dried in the air, and is usually expressed by the specific gravity when the moisture content is 15%. The weight of water having the same volume as the weight when wood is dried It is a value compared. The larger the value, the heavier, the smaller the lighter. For example, Japanese cedar that is often used domestically or domestically is 0.36, Japanese cypress is 0.44, larch is 0.50, Japanese pine is 0.44, drill is 0.25, chestnut is 0.60, Beech is 0.65, oak is 0.58, hippopotamus is 0.60, weasey is 0.61, karin 0.61, falkata is 0.27, malapapaya is 0.50, gmelina is 0.45, rubber is It is 0.64, yellow poplar is 0.45, Italian poplar is 0.35, and acacia mangium is about 0.63.

Here, the fact that the surface plastic working material is compacted and the air-drying specific gravity is 0.7 or more means that the present inventors have conducted extensive experimental research, and as a result, the wood is highly compressed and the air-drying specific gravity is 0. If it is 7 or more, the hardness becomes remarkably high and scars and dents are very difficult to be attached, and flooring materials that require high surface hardness, wear resistance, etc. to receive concentrated load or impact load, etc. It was found based on this knowledge and found that it can be used. That is, it is a characteristic region in which hardness, wear resistance, and the like are increased by compression, and indicates a characteristic as a compacted wood. In particular, when the air-drying specific gravity is 0.85 or more, variation in characteristic values such as hardness and abrasion resistance is reduced, physical stability is increased, and hardness is significantly increased. A specific gravity of 0.85 or more is more preferable.
The air-drying specific gravity of the surface plastic work material is ultimately set in consideration of the tree species, cost, required hardness and wear resistance, etc., in order to increase the air-drying specific gravity. If the compression ratio is too high, the fibers constituting the wood will be broken and cracks will occur, resulting in a loss of merchandise.The value of the air-dry specific gravity measured immediately before the crack is generated by high compression is the maximum value. Become. Incidentally, according to an experimental study by the present inventors, it was found that about 1.2 is the upper limit of the air-drying specific gravity when conifers such as cedar and cypress are used as the surface plastic working material. ing. Therefore, the maximum value of the air-dry specific gravity in the present invention is a finite value determined by the tree species or the like. In addition, the numerical value of the air-dry specific gravity is not required to be strict, but is approximate. Naturally, it is an approximate value including an error by measurement or the like, and does not deny an error of several percent.

The inner layer plywood is integrally bonded with the surface plastic working material and a bonding means such as an adhesive.
The inner layer plywood is laminated and bonded so that a single plate obtained by cutting an uncompressed softwood is rotated so that the length directions of each grain are perpendicular to each other, and bonded to the surface plastic working material. Disadvantages of conifer veneers such as cedar and cypress that have a specific gravity that is low in strength and rigidity due to the thickness of the conifer veneer other than the bonded conifer veneer being in the range of 2 mm to 4 mm. The overall shape and shape of the plywood when the ambient environmental conditions change, while ensuring strength and rigidity equal to or higher than those of the same configuration using a lauan veneer with a thickness of usually 0.3 mm to 2 mm. By preventing the change and further joining to one side of the surface plastic working material so that the length direction of the joint side softwood veneer is perpendicular to the length direction of the surface plastic working material, Environmental conditions have changed It is obtained by preventing the dimensional change in shape of the entire laminate in the mix. Incidentally, the above values of 2 mm to 4 mm are naturally approximate values including errors due to measurement and the like, and do not negate errors of several percent.

The bonded side softwood veneer bonded to the surface plastic working material is a softwood veneer directly bonded to the surface plastic working material among a plurality of laminated softwood veneers. The softwood veneers other than are all softwood veneers other than the bonded softwood veneer directly bonded to the surface plastic working material among the laminated softwood veneers.
Further, in the inner layer plywood, the joining to one side of the surface plastic working material is surface plasticity so that the length direction of the joint side softwood veneer is perpendicular to the length direction of the surface plastic working material. It means that the processed material and the inner layer plywood are joined so that the length direction of each grain is perpendicular to the joining surface. In addition, the joining of the surface plastic working material and the inner plywood is not particularly limited as long as they are firmly joined to each other. For example, joining by an adhesive or mechanical joining between woods is possible. Can be mentioned.

  In the laminated material according to claim 2, a single plate formed by cutting a plurality of softwood trees constituting the inner layer plywood is made of cedar (cedar) and / or hinoki (wood). It is a tree species that is easy to obtain and has excellent processability. Of course, in the case of carrying out the present invention, it is possible to use coniferous trees such as pine, hiba, fir, etc., but among the coniferous trees, cedar and cypress are widely distributed in Japan, and as conventional building materials, etc. Because it is used, it is possible to easily obtain a large amount of thinned wood.

  As for the laminated material of Claim 3, only the single board cut | disconnected while rotating the joint side softwood joined to the said surface plastic processing material among the several softwood single boards which comprise the said inner-layer plywood from a hinoki material All other softwood veneers are made of cedar wood, and cypress wood, which has higher strength and rigidity because of its higher specific gravity than cedar wood, is used on the surface side. By using the material, the strength and rigidity on the surface layer side are enhanced while the cost is kept low, and the dimensional shape stability is improved.

  The laminated material according to claim 4, wherein among the plurality of softwood single plates constituting the inner plywood, the softwood in which the length direction of the grain is orthogonal to the length direction of the grain of the surface plastic working material in the joined state is rotated. However, the cut veneer is made of cypress, and all other softwood veneers, that is, the softwood veneer in which the length direction of the grain matches the length direction of the surface plastic working material in the joined state, It is made of cedar wood and has a higher balance than cedar wood. It is intended to improve strength and rigidity while keeping it cheap and to improve dimensional shape stability.

  The laminated material according to claim 5 is a single plate formed by cutting a joint-side conifer bonded to the surface plastic working material among a plurality of conifer single plates constituting the inner plywood, and the joint side The outermost softwood veneer located on the opposite side of the softwood veneer is made of cypress wood, and the other softwood veneer is made of cedar wood, which has higher strength and rigidity due to its higher specific gravity than cedar wood. By using hinoki cypress material on the surface layer side and back layer side, that is, by lining cypress material with high strength and rigidity on both sides of the inner layer plywood, the mechanical strength is stabilized and the balance between the front and back surfaces As a result, strength and rigidity are improved while keeping costs low, and dimensional shape stability is improved.

In the laminated material according to claim 6, the application amount of the adhesive used for bonding the single plates formed by cutting the softwood of the inner plywood while rotating is 200 g / m ² or more.
Here, as an adhesive agent used for adhesion | attachment of the said softwood single board, an aqueous vinyl urethane type adhesive agent (aqueous polymer isocyanate type adhesive agent), a phenol resin, etc. can be used, for example.
And the application amount of the above-mentioned adhesive is 200 g / m ² or more. As a result of the present inventors' repeated earnest experiment research, the application amount of the adhesive in bonding between softwood veneers is 200 g / m ² or more. By doing so, the disadvantages of softwood veneer that the adhesive easily penetrates, and there are many back cracks due to cutting of the rotary race, the softwood veneer is firmly bonded to each other, and stable strength and It has been found that rigidity and dimensional shape stability can be ensured, and is set based on this knowledge.
In addition, when joining softwood veneers together via an adhesive by pressing with a press board or the like, after applying the adhesive uniformly between the softwood veneers, apply pressure as evenly as possible. . At this time, the optimum values of the pressing pressure and the pressing time for fastening the softwood veneers are set in advance through experiments or the like using the type of adhesive, tree species, moisture content, and the like as parameters. The above 200 g / m ² or more, strictly not intended to require that is 200 g / m ² or more, as long about 200 g / m ² or more, of course, the type of adhesive, the error due to wood, etc. It is a rough value that includes, and does not deny the error of several percent.

In the laminated material according to claim 7, an adhesive is used for joining the surface plastic working material and the inner layer plywood, and the applied amount of the adhesive is 200 g / m ² or more.
By the way, as an adhesive used for joining the surface plastic working material and the inner layer plywood, for example, an aqueous vinyl urethane adhesive (aqueous polymer isocyanate adhesive), a phenol resin, or the like can be used.
And as a result of the present inventors repeating earnest experiment research even if the application quantity of the said adhesive agent is 200g / m < ² > or more, the application quantity of the adhesive agent in adhesion | attachment with the said surface plastic working material and the said inner-layer plywood is 200g. / M ² or more, the defect of the inner layer plywood made of conifers that the adhesive is easy to permeate is complemented, and the surface plastic working material and the inner layer plywood are firmly bonded, and stable strength and rigidity in the laminated material In addition, the present inventors have found that dimensional and shape stability can be ensured, and are set based on this finding.
Similarly, when joining together via an adhesive by pressing with a press machine or the like, pressure can be applied after the adhesive is uniformly applied between the surface plastic working material and the inner plywood. Take as evenly as possible. In this case, the pressing pressure and the pressing time for tightening both are set to optimum values through experiments or the like in advance using the type of adhesive, tree species, moisture content, and the like as parameters. The above 200 g / m ² or more even, and not intended to require that is strictly 200 g / m ² or more, as long about 200 g / m ² or more, of course, the type of adhesive, the error due to wood, etc. It is a rough value that includes, and does not deny the error of several percent.

  The surface plastic working material of the laminated material according to claim 8 has a thickness in a range of 1 mm to 5 mm, and the inner layer plywood is formed by laminating six softwood single plates constituting the inner layer plywood. Is 15 mm or more.

Here, the thickness of the surface plastic working material is within a range of 1 mm to 5 mm, and the total thickness of the inner plywood is 15 mm, which is a high surface for receiving concentrated load or impact load such as flooring Even if hardness, strength, rigidity, etc. are required, as described above, since the hardness, etc. increases significantly by setting the specific gravity of the surface plastic working material to 0.7 or more, the surface plastic working material When the air-drying specific gravity is 0.7, which is the lower limit, a thickness of about 3 mm to 5 mm can sufficiently handle the required surface hardness. In the case of conifers such as cedar, air-drying specific gravity Even if 1.2 is the upper limit value, a thickness of about 1 mm is sufficient, and in addition, in the case where six softwood veneers are laminated, it is sufficient that the total thickness is 15 mm or more. Confirmed that strength and rigidity can be secured In other words, it was confirmed that it can be reliably used for floor materials that require high surface hardness, strength and rigidity to receive concentrated load and impact load. It is.
Note that the above numerical values are not required to be strict, but are approximate, and are naturally approximate values including errors due to wood quality, measurement, etc., and do not deny errors of several percent.

  The laminated material according to claim 9 is obtained by bonding a plurality of softwood veneers constituting the inner plywood so that the wood surfaces or the wood back surfaces face each other, This prevents warping deformation in a specific direction due to the difference in cell density between the back surface of the tree.

The laminated material according to claim 10 is formed by forming a groove having a predetermined cross-sectional shape on the side opposite to the surface to be joined to the surface plastic working material in the inner layer plywood, and when the ambient environmental conditions change In order to further improve the dimensional shape stability, the expansion and contraction force generated in the inner layer plywood is blocked by grooves.
The predetermined cross-sectional shape of the groove is, for example, substantially U-shaped, substantially V-shaped, or substantially U-shaped in terms of ease of processing. It is not limited. And the groove | channel of the said predetermined cross-sectional shape can be formed by giving what is called a back groove process, for example.

The laminated material according to claim 11, wherein the moisture content of the uncompressed softwood veneer in the surface plastic working material and the inner plywood is in the range of 6 to 10%, and the moisture content of the surface plastic working material and the inner layer The difference in moisture content of uncompressed softwood veneer in plywood is in the range of 0% to 2%.
Here, the moisture content of the uncompressed softwood veneer in the surface plastic working material and the inner plywood is in the range of 6 to 10%, and the moisture content of the surface plastic working material and the moisture content of the inner plywood The difference is set within the range of 0% to 2% in consideration of the fact that the average moisture content in the atmosphere is 12% to 15%, while reducing the amount of dryness and moisture absorption after commercialization, This is because by reducing the difference in moisture content, the balance between the changes in dimensional shape is improved, and the change in dimensional shape after commercialization is reduced. According to the experimental study by the present inventors, the water content of the uncompressed softwood veneer in the surface plastic working material and the inner plywood is in the range of 6 to 10%, and the water content of the surface plastic working material and the Even if it is subjected to changes in ambient environmental conditions after commercialization, it is possible to commercialize laminated materials that make the difference in moisture content of uncompressed softwood veneer in the inner layer plywood within the range of 0% to 2%. It has been confirmed that the change is small and stable quality can be obtained.
The above numerical values do not require strictness, and are naturally approximate values including errors due to measurement and the like, and do not deny errors of several percent.

The surface plastic working material of the laminated material according to claim 12, wherein the inner space is formed by a structure divided into a plurality of parts and the volume of the inner space is changed to change the volume of the inner space. The pre-processing wood that is the raw material of the surface plastic working material placed in the space is heated and compressed in a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the grain, and further held in the sealed internal space, Thereafter, the vapor pressure is controlled by fixing the vapor pressure in the held sealed space, thereby performing the consolidation process.
In addition, the said press board can be press-compressed by changing the volume of the internal space, and is usually a structure composed of an upper and lower press board structure that is simply divided into two vertically and an upper and lower press board and a frame. It is comprised by other structure bodies, such as a body.

  In the laminated material of claim 13, the surface plastic working material is made of cedar or cypress, and uses a tree species that is easily available and has excellent workability. However, when implementing the present invention, it is also possible to use tree species such as pine and yellow poplar.

  The joint-side softwood veneer on the surface plastic working material side of the laminated material according to claim 14 is cut to have a thickness within a range of 1/4 to 3/4 of the thickness of the softwood veneer. Yes, by taking a configuration in which the thickness is within a range of 1/4 to 3/4 of the thickness of the softwood veneer after being cut, the balance with the surface plastic working material is surely good. It is intended to reliably prevent the dimensional shape change of the entire laminated material when the ambient environmental conditions change. Incidentally, the above values of 1/4 to 3/4 are approximate values including errors due to measurement and the like, and do not deny errors of several percent.

  The inner layer plywood of the laminated material according to claim 15 is obtained by laminating and bonding a plurality of softwood veneers so that the length directions of each grain are orthogonal to each other, and then cutting the side to be joined to the surface plastic working material A conifer veneer is laminated and bonded to reduce the manufacturing cost.

According to the laminated material of the first aspect of the present invention, the surface plastic working material is compressed by heating and compressing in the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the wood grain. Since it is 0.7 or more, the structure of the component constituting the cell wall in the surface plastic working material becomes dense, the hardness and wear resistance are remarkably improved, and scars and dents are hardly attached. Yes.
The inner plywood bonded to the surface plastic working material is laminated by laminating a plurality of uncompressed softwood veneers so that the length directions of each grain are perpendicular to each other, and the surface plasticity Since the thickness of the softwood veneer other than the bonded softwood veneer bonded to the workpiece is in the range of 2 mm to 4 mm, the disadvantage of softwood veneer that the specific gravity is small and the strength and rigidity are small is complemented, Even when an external force such as a load is applied, cracks do not occur and it has sufficient strength and rigidity, and a force (expansion and contraction force) that tries to deform each softwood veneer by changing environmental conditions Even if they occur, each softwood veneer interacts and cancels each other to achieve a balance and prevent dimensional changes.
Furthermore, by preventing changes in the dimensions and shape of the inner layer plywood, the inner layer plywood has little influence on the surface plastic working material and has a good balance with the surface plastic working material. Since the joints of the two layers are joined so that the length directions of each grain are orthogonal, the inner plywood and the surface plastic working material interact with each other to achieve a better balance, and the overall shape of the laminated material Changes are prevented.
In addition, the two kinds of processed wood of the surface plastic working material and the inner layer plywood are difficult to be scratched and dented, and sufficient strength and rigidity are secured. Can be achieved.

  In this way, scars and dents are difficult to be attached, it has sufficient strength and rigidity, and it can prevent changes in dimensions and shape when the ambient environment conditions change after commercialization. It becomes a laminated material that can be used effectively for coniferous trees such as cedar and cypress.

  According to the laminated material of the invention of claim 2, the plurality of softwood veneers constituting the inner plywood are made of cedar and / or cypress, and cedar and cypress are readily available. Since it is easy to apply, in addition to the effect of claim 1, it is possible to improve productivity and to further reduce the cost. Furthermore, cedar and cypress are widely distributed in Japan, and thinned wood can be easily obtained in large quantities, which can contribute to environmental conservation. In particular, cedar wood is often available at a lower cost than cypress wood, and when cedar wood is used, the cost can be further reduced. On the other hand, cypress wood has a higher specific gravity than cedar wood, and therefore has high strength and rigidity, and because the dimensional shape change is small, when cypress wood is used, it has high strength and rigidity. A laminated material having high dimensional shape stability can be obtained.

  According to the laminated material of the invention of claim 3, among the plurality of softwood veneers constituting the inner layer plywood, only the bonded softwood veneer bonded to the surface plastic working material is made of cypress, Softwood veneer is made of cedar wood, and cypress wood that has higher strength and rigidity than cedar wood is used on the surface side that receives a large amount of external force such as load, and others are made of cedar wood that is available at low cost. In addition to the effects described in claim 1 or claim 2, it is possible to enhance the strength and rigidity of the surface layer while keeping the cost low, and to improve the dimensional shape stability.

  According to the laminated material of the invention of claim 4, among the plurality of softwood veneers constituting the inner plywood, the softwood veneer whose length direction of the grain is orthogonal to the length direction of the grain of the surface plastic working material Is made of cypress wood, and the other softwood veneer is made of cedar wood. Cypress wood, which has higher strength and rigidity than cedar wood, is used on the surface side where it receives a lot of external forces such as load. By being arranged, a good balance is taken. Therefore, in addition to the effect of the first or second aspect, the strength and rigidity can be improved while the cost is kept low, and the dimensional shape stability can be improved.

  According to the laminated material of the invention of claim 5, among the plurality of softwood veneers constituting the inner layer plywood, the bonded softwood veneer bonded to the surface plastic working material, and the bonded softwood veneer The outermost softwood veneer on the opposite side is made of cypress wood, the other softwood veneer is made of cedar wood, and cypress wood with high strength and rigidity is parallel on both sides of the inner plywood Therefore, the mechanical strength is stabilized and the balance between the front and back surfaces is improved. Therefore, in addition to the effect of the first or second aspect, the strength and rigidity can be improved while the cost is kept low, and the dimensional shape stability can be improved.

According to the laminated material of the invention of claim 6, since the application amount of the adhesive used for adhering the softwood veneers of the inner plywood is 200 g / m ² or more, the adhesive easily penetrates. In this case, the disadvantage of the softwood veneer that there are many back cracks due to the cutting of the rotary race is complemented, and the softwood veneer is firmly bonded. Therefore, in addition to the effects of the first to fifth aspects, stable strength, rigidity and dimensional shape stability can be ensured.

According to the laminated material of the invention of claim 7, since an adhesive is used for joining the surface plastic working material and the inner plywood, the amount of the adhesive applied is 200 g / m ² or more. The disadvantage of the softwood veneer that the agent easily penetrates is complemented, and the surface plastic working material and the inner plywood are firmly bonded by the adhesive. Therefore, in addition to the effects of claims 1 to 6, both can be joined by a simple operation of applying an adhesive, and more stable strength, rigidity and dimensional shape stability can be secured.

  According to the laminated material of the invention of claim 8, the surface plastic working material has a thickness in the range of 1 mm to 5 mm, and the inner layer plywood has a total thickness of six softwood single plates laminated. Because it is 15 mm or more, sufficient hardness, strength, and rigidity that can be used as flooring that requires high surface hardness, strength, and rigidity to receive concentrated load, impact load, etc. are secured. become. Therefore, in addition to the effects of claims 1 to 7, it can be reliably used as a flooring or the like that requires high hardness, strength and rigidity in order to receive concentrated load, impact load, and the like.

According to the laminated material of the ninth aspect of the present invention, the plurality of softwood veneers constituting the inner plywood are bonded so that the wood surfaces or the wood back surfaces face each other. The warp deformation in a specific direction due to the difference in cell density between the wood surface and the wood back surface is corrected, and the inner layer plywood as a whole becomes more balanced. Therefore, the influence of the surface plastic working material of the inner plywood is less and the load on the joint surface with the surface plastic working material is less, and the balance with the surface plastic working material is further improved. Therefore, in addition to the effects described in claims 1 to 8, the dimensional shape stability can be further improved.
In addition, when a veneer cut by rotating a coniferous tree is produced by cutting a log with a rotary lace, the back surface of the coniferous veneer usually has cracks on the back, so the surfaces of each other Or by bonding so that the back surfaces of the trees face each other, the back crack surfaces of the softwood veneer produced by cutting the rotary race face each other, and the surfaces where no back cracks occur face each other. It will be. For this reason, the flatness on the bonding surface is good, and it is possible to ensure stable bonding properties.

  According to the laminated material of the invention of claim 10, since the groove having the predetermined cross-sectional shape is formed on the inner surface plywood on the side opposite to the surface to be joined to the surface plastic working material, Even if a force (expansion / shrinkage force) that causes deformation is generated, they are blocked by the grooves, and it is difficult to cause a dimensional change. Therefore, in addition to the effects of the first to ninth aspects, the dimensional shape stability can be further improved.

  According to the laminate of the invention of claim 11, the water content of the uncompressed softwood veneer in the surface plastic working material and the inner plywood is in the range of 6 to 10%, and the water content of the surface plastic working material is The difference between the rate and the moisture content of the uncompressed softwood veneer in the inner plywood is in the range of 0% to 2%, so the dimensions between the surface plastic working material and the uncompressed softwood veneer in the inner plywood Considering that the balance of the shape change is further improved and that the average moisture content in the air is 12% to 15%, it is possible to reduce the amount of drying and moisture absorption after commercialization. Therefore, in addition to the effects of claims 1 to 10, the dimensional shape change after commercialization can be reduced, and stable quality can be obtained.

  According to the laminated material of the twelfth aspect of the present invention, the internal space is formed by a structure divided into a plurality of parts and the press space is used to change the volume of the internal space. The pre-processed wood that is the raw material of the surface plastic working material to be placed is heated and compressed in a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the grain, and further held in the sealed internal space. That is, the surface plastic working material is obtained by heating and compressing the unprocessed wood, which is the raw material, by the surface contact of the press panel, and maintaining the heat compression treatment for a certain time in a sealed state of the internal space. It is efficiently compressed and deformed, and the return due to the restoring force after decompression is suppressed. Furthermore, since the vapor pressure in the held internal space is controlled and fixed, swelling deformation due to internal pressure after compression release and surface cracking called puncture are suppressed. Therefore, in addition to the effects of the first to eleventh aspects, high quality can be ensured and productivity is improved.

  According to the laminated material of the invention of claim 13, the surface plastic working material is made of cedar or cypress, and the cedar and cypress are easily available and easy to process. In addition to the effect of Item 12, productivity can be improved and cost reduction can be achieved. Furthermore, cedar and cypress are widely distributed in Japan, and thinned wood can be easily obtained in large quantities, which can contribute to environmental conservation.

  According to the laminated material of the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, the joint-side softwood veneer on the surface plastic working material side is cut to have a thickness of 1/4 to 3/4 of the thickness of the softwood veneer. In addition to the effects of claims 1 to 13, in addition to the effects of claims 1 to 13, the balance with the surface plastic working material can be surely improved, and when the ambient environmental conditions change The dimensional shape change of the whole laminated material can be surely prevented.

According to the laminated material of the invention of claim 15, the inner layer plywood is formed by laminating and bonding a plurality of softwood veneers so that the length direction of each grain is perpendicular to each other, and then joining the surface plastic working material to the surface plastic working material. By cutting, a plurality of softwood veneers are laminated and bonded.
Here, for example, when the inner layer plywood is a laminated structure of an even number of softwood veneers, when preparing an even number of softwood veneers and laminating and bonding them, the double-sided adhesive application facility applies both sides to the single plate Since not only an adhesive application process but also an adhesive application process to one side of a single plate occurs, a single-sided adhesive application facility is required, and the manufacturing equipment becomes expensive. Moreover, even when it is performed only with the single-sided adhesive application facility, the manufacturing cost is increased because the manufacturing takes time. However, after laminating and bonding an odd number of sheets, when evenly laminating a single sheet of softwood by cutting, it is only necessary to apply an adhesive to both sides of the single sheet disposed on the even number of sheets. Equipment is sufficient, and it can be manufactured at low cost.
Therefore, according to the laminated material of the present invention, in addition to the effects described in claims 1 to 14, it is possible to reduce the manufacturing cost.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a plastic working material manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a surface plastic working material constituting a laminated material according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a manufacturing process of a surface plastic working material of a laminated material according to an embodiment of the present invention, (a) is an explanatory diagram of supply of unprocessed wood as a raw material, and (b) is (C) is an explanatory diagram according to a sealed heating compression start state, (d) is an explanatory diagram of a vapor pressure control process according to a sealed heating compression state, (e) is an explanatory diagram according to a sealed cooling state, f) It is explanatory drawing of taking-out of the wood (plastic working material) by which the compaction process was carried out. FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view showing the grain surface, the mesh surface, and the mouth end surface of the unprocessed wood that is a raw material for forming the surface plastic working material of the laminated material according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the manufacturing procedure of the inner plywood constituting the laminated material according to the embodiment of the present invention, and (a) is an explanatory diagram of a state in which an odd number of softwood veneers are stacked, b) is an explanatory view showing a state before cutting in which odd-numbered coniferous veneers are laminated, and (c) is an explanation showing an inner-layer plywood according to this embodiment in which even-numbered softwood veneers are laminated by cutting. FIG. FIG. 5A is a partial configuration diagram showing the configuration of the laminated material according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5B is a partial perspective view of the laminated material according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the configuration of the laminated material according to Example 1 of the present embodiment and the configuration of the laminated material according to Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. FIG. 7A is a graph showing warpage deformation (cup amount) due to moisture absorption drying of the laminated material according to Example 1 of the present embodiment, and FIG. 7B is a warpage due to moisture absorption drying of the laminated material according to Comparative Example 1. FIG. 7C is a graph showing warpage deformation (cup amount) of the laminated material according to Comparative Example 2 due to moisture absorption drying. FIG. 8 shows warping deformation (cup amount) of the laminated material according to the first modified example of the present embodiment in which all the softwood single plates in the inner layer material of the laminated material according to the embodiment of the present invention are made of cypress material. Is shown together with warpage deformation (cup amount) due to moisture absorption drying of the laminated material according to Example 1 of the present embodiment in which all the softwood veneers in the inner layer material of the laminated material according to the embodiment of the present invention are made of cedar material. It is a graph. FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a laminated material according to the second modification of the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a laminated material according to the third modification of the embodiment of the present invention, and is a partial perspective view (a) and a partial configuration diagram (b).

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In the present embodiment, the same symbols and the same reference numerals mean the same or corresponding parts and functions, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted here.

First, a procedure for manufacturing the surface plastic working material SPW constituting the laminated material according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
In FIG. 1, a plastic working material manufacturing apparatus 1 for manufacturing a surface plastic working material SPW according to the present embodiment mainly forms an internal space IS by a structure divided into two parts of an upper press board 10A and a lower press board 10B. The presser 10 and the peripheral part 10a of the upper press board 10A facing the peripheral part 10b of the lower press board 10B are arranged, and the internal space IS is hermetically sealed within a predetermined range of vertical movement of the upper press board 10A. A seal member 11, a pipe 12 communicated into the internal space IS from the upper surface side of the upper press panel 10A and having a pipe port 12a for supplying steam into the internal space IS, a valve V4 on the upstream side thereof, Pressure that detects the vapor pressure in the piping 13 and the piping 13 having a piping port 13a for communicating water vapor from the inner space IS from the side surface side of the press panel 10B. And P2, and the valve V5 on the downstream side, and a connected drain pipe 14, etc. to the valve V5.

Further, in the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B of the press board 10, pipe lines 15 and 16 are formed for raising the temperature to a desired temperature by passing high-temperature steam. Pipes ST2 and ST3 branched from the steam supply side pipe ST1 and steam discharge side pipes ET1 and ET2 are connected to the paths 15 and 16, respectively. Further, in the middle of the steam supply side pipes ST1, ST2, ST3, valves V1, V2, V3 and a pressure gauge P1 for detecting the steam pressure in the pipe ST1 are arranged, and the steam discharge side pipes ET1, ET2 Is connected to the drain pipe 14 via a valve V6.
In addition, the boiler apparatus which supplies water vapor | steam to piping ST1, and the press raising / lowering apparatus containing the hydraulic mechanism for raising / lowering and pressurizing the upper press board 10A with respect to the lower press board 10B of the fixed side of the press board 10 are abbreviate | omitted. Has been.
In the present embodiment, high-temperature steam is introduced using the pipe 12 connected to the valve V4 in order to heat the interior space IS formed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B of the press board 10. However, other than this, it is also possible to use high-frequency heating, microwave heating, or the like. In particular, for the high-frequency heating of wood, a method of heating from the center of wood at a high frequency slightly lower than that of microwave is preferable to dielectric overheating by microwave.

  Further, on the press board 10, a cooling water supply side that cools to a desired temperature by passing low-temperature cooling water in place of water vapor through the pipes 15 and 16 formed in the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B. Pipes ST12 and ST13 branched from the pipe ST11 are connected to the pipes ST2 and ST3, respectively. Further, valves V11, V12, V13 are arranged in the middle of the pipes ST11, ST12, ST13 on the cooling water supply side. In addition, the cooling water supply apparatus which supplies cooling water to piping ST11 is abbreviate | omitted.

Then, when the surface plastic working material SPW is produced from the unprocessed wood NW by the plastic working material production apparatus 1 configured as described above, first, as shown in FIG. An internal space in which the upper press board 10A is raised with respect to the lower press board 10B on the fixed side of the board 10 and the unprocessed wood NW that has been dried in advance to a predetermined condition is formed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B. Placed in the IS.
Here, in the present embodiment, the unprocessed wood NW that is the raw material of the surface plastic processed material SPW is made of cedar and is made into a predetermined size (thickness / width / length) in advance. It has been done. As shown in FIG. 3, this unprocessed wood NW usually has a front end (2 sides), a grain face (2 sides of the wood front and back), and a cross face (2 sides). In the embodiment, the back side of the grain surface, which is the plane inside the annual ring in the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the grain, is placed on the lower press board 10B of the press board 10.
Of course, when the present invention is carried out, the surface to be press-compressed by the press panel 10 may be a square surface as long as it is other than the end surface in the length direction of the grain, and is the surface of the grain surface pressed? Alternatively, the direction of heat compression for press-compressing the side of the grid surface is selected in consideration of the type of wood NW before processing and the like, so that buckling deformation of the wood is suppressed during heat compression and cracking is unlikely to occur. Is done.

  In general, Yari is present in wood, and especially in softwood, the amount is large. Therefore, when cedar wood is compressed so that the air-drying specific gravity is 0.7 or more, many Yani are displayed. There is a concern that the quality of the product may be impaired, and it may take much time to remove the dust. For this reason, it is suitable to use sapwood (white / white) for the unprocessed wood NW for forming the surface plastic working material SPW. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the appearance amount of the yarn due to the compression. Moreover, since the sapwood has a brighter color than the heartwood (red meat), the use of the sapwood suppresses dark color changes when compressed, and maintains a good appearance. . However, when carrying out the present invention, a core material may be present in the surface plastic working material SPW.

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 2B, the upper press disk 10A is lowered at a predetermined pressure with respect to the unprocessed wood NW placed on the fixed-side lower press disk 10B, and the unprocessed wood NW The upper surface, that is, in the present embodiment, it is brought into contact with the wood surface side of the grain surface that is a plane outside the annual ring in a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the wood grain. Then, water vapor of a predetermined temperature (for example, 110 to 160 [° C.]) is passed through the piping path 15 of the upper press panel 10A and the piping path 16 of the lower press panel 10B, and the interior space IS has a predetermined temperature (for example, 110 to 110). 180 [° C.]).

  Next, the compression pressure of the upper press board 10A is set to a predetermined pressure (for example, 2 to 5 [MPa]) with respect to the lower press board 10B on the fixed side, and the unprocessed wood NW becomes the upper press board 10A and the lower press board. 10B is heated and compressed for a predetermined time (for example, 5 to 40 [min: min]). In order to prevent cracking, it is desirable that the compression pressure at this time be gradually increased according to the temperature rise of the unprocessed wood NW, that is, the temperature transmission state inside the unprocessed wood NW. It is preferable to set the time in consideration of the transmission time.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2 (c), when the peripheral portion 10a of the upper press panel 10A comes into contact with the peripheral portion 10b of the lower press panel 10B, the sealing member 11 disposed on the peripheral portion 10a of the upper press panel 10A. The internal space IS formed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B is in a sealed state. And it is raised to predetermined temperature (for example, 150-210 [degreeC]), with the compression pressure by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B being hold | maintained in the sealing state of internal space IS.

  In this embodiment, the vertical dimension of the internal space IS when the internal space IS formed by the upper press disk 10A and the lower press disk 10B of the press disk 10 is in a sealed state via the seal member 11. The interval is set to the finished dimension in the thickness direction when the pre-processing wood NW becomes the surface plastic processed material SPW having an air-dry specific gravity of 0.7 or more by the press board 10. For this reason, the compression ratio of the whole thickness of the unprocessed wood NW, that is, the change in the plate thickness due to the compression of the unprocessed wood NW is that the peripheral edge portion 10a of the upper press panel 10A comes into contact with the peripheral edge part 10b of the lower press panel 10B. It will be decided by.

Then, in the sealed state of the internal space IS shown in FIG. 2C, the compression pressure of the upper press panel 10A and the lower press panel 10B is maintained, and the internal space IS has a predetermined temperature (for example, 150 to 210 [° C.]). ) Is maintained for a predetermined time (for example, 30 to 120 [min]), and when the subsequent cooling and compression is released, a heat treatment is performed to form the surface plastic working material SPW that does not return. At this time, high-temperature and high-pressure vapor pressure can freely enter and leave the surrounding surface of the unprocessed wood NW and the inside thereof through the internal space IS that is sealed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B. .
As described above, in the present embodiment, the upper press panel 10A and the lower press panel 10B are in surface contact with the front and back surfaces of the unprocessed wood NW and are held in the sealed internal space IS. The entire thickness of the NW is sufficiently heated and is efficiently compressed and deformed.

Next, as shown in FIG. 2D, when the heat compression process is performed in a sealed state of the internal space IS, the vapor pressure of the internal space IS is detected by the pressure gauge P2 as a vapor pressure control process. The valve V5 is appropriately opened and closed. As a result, high-temperature and high-pressure steam is discharged from the internal space IS to the drain pipe 14 side through the pipe port 13a and the pipe 13, and in particular, an extra internal space based on the moisture content of the outer layer portion of the unprocessed wood NW. The moisture in the IS is removed, and the interior space IS is adjusted to have a predetermined vapor pressure. Further, if necessary, a predetermined vapor pressure can be supplied to the internal space IS through the pipe 12 and the pipe port 12a (FIG. 1) connected to the valve V4. As a result, the fixing of the heat compression treatment of the wood, that is, the so-called immobilization of the wood is further promoted.
Furthermore, the valve V5 is opened as a vapor pressure control process immediately before shifting from the heating compression to the cooling compression by the upper press panel 10A and the lower press panel 10B, so that the internal space passes through the piping port 13a and the piping 13. High-temperature and high-pressure steam is discharged from the IS to the drain pipe 14 side.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 2 (e), the normal press water is passed through the piping path 15 of the upper press board 10A and the piping path 16 of the lower press board 10B, so that the upper press board 10A and the lower press board are passed. 10B is cooled to around normal temperature and held for a predetermined time (for example, 10 to 120 [min]) depending on the material. At this time, the compression pressure of the upper press panel 10A with respect to the lower press panel 10B on the fixed side is maintained at the same predetermined pressure (for example, 2 to 5 [MPa]) as the pressure at the time of heat compression. The board 10A and the lower press board 10B are cooled.
Finally, as shown in FIG. 2 (f), the upper press platen 10A is raised with respect to the fixed-side lower press platen 10B, and the finished surface plastic working material SPW is taken out from the internal space IS. This completes a series of processing steps.

In this way, the surface plastic working material SPW in which the thickness of the wood is heat-compressed by the external force applied in the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the wood grain and is compacted to an air-dry specific gravity of 0.7 or more. Is manufactured.
In this embodiment, after the vapor pressure is controlled, the pressure is gradually released to release the internal vapor pressure, and the water vapor pressure in the wood is fixed by cooling, so that the cooling compression is released. It is possible to form a surface plastic working material SPW having no surface deformation called bulging deformation or puncture. That is, the surface plastic working material SPW according to the present embodiment has a stable quality without causing bulging deformation or surface cracking after being released from compression. In this embodiment, the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are compressed and fixed to obtain the surface plastic work material SPW. However, when the present invention is carried out, a normal microwave oven is used. The surface plastic work material SPW can be obtained even if the pre-processing wood NW is heated and compressed and fixed by dielectric heating at a frequency slightly lower than the frequency band of the microwave.

Here, characteristics of the surface plastic working material SPW according to the present embodiment obtained as described above will be described with reference to measurement results of hardness, wear depth, and bending Young's modulus.
Specimens measured for hardness, wear depth, and bending Young's modulus were compacted as described above, and the air-dry specific gravity was 0.74 (Specimen 1) or 0.91 (Specimen). 2). For comparison, the original cedar material (sample 3) before the compacting is further subjected to consolidation, and the air-dry specific gravity is 0.7 or less (specimen 4, sample 5). The same measurement was performed for. The measurement results are summarized in the lower part of Table 1.

In Table 1, hardness H [N / mm < ² >] shows the result evaluated according to JIS-Z-2101-1994. Specifically, a load P when a steel ball having a diameter of 10 [mm] is pressed into the surface of wood at an average press-fitting speed of 0.5 [mm / min] and the press-in depth becomes 0.32 [mm]. [N] was measured and calculated from the following formula (1).
Hardness H = P / 10 (1)

The wear depth D [mm] is the result of evaluation according to JIS-Z-2101-1994. Specifically, using a so-called wear test apparatus, the weight of the wood when the wear wheel is rotated 500 times so that the load applied to the wood is about 5.2 [N] and the rotation speed is about 60 [rpm]. m2 [g] is measured, and the following formula (2) is obtained from the weight m1 [g] of the wood before the test, the area A [mm ² ] of the portion subjected to wear by the wear ring, and the density ρ [g / cm ³ ]. It is calculated by.
Wear depth D = (m1-m2) / A · ρ (2)

Further, the bending Young's modulus Eb [N / mm ² ] shows the result of evaluation according to JIS-Z-2101. Specifically, it is measured and calculated by the following formula (3) by a two-point load method.
^{Eb = ΔP · L 3/48} · I · Δy ··· (3)
here,
Eb: bending Young's modulus [N / mm ² ] (kgf / cm ² ),
ΔP: difference between the upper limit load and the lower limit load in the proportional range [N] (kgf),
Δy: deflection at the center of the span corresponding to ΔP (mm),
I: geometrical moment of inertia ^{I = bh 3/12 (mm} 4),
L: Span (mm),
b: Width of test specimen (mm),
h: Height of specimen (mm)
It is.

As shown in Table 1, the hardness [N / mm ² ] and the bending Young's modulus [N / mm ² ] are remarkably increased when the air-drying specific gravity is 0.7 or more by consolidation. In addition, the value of the wear depth [mm] is very small. That is, it can be seen that by setting the air-dry specific gravity to 0.7 or more by consolidation, high hardness, wear resistance and rigidity can be obtained, and scars and dents are difficult to be attached. Usually, the hardness of hardwood (eg oak) used for flooring is about 15 [N / mm ² ] and the wear depth is about 0.14 [mm]. The surface plastic working material SPW that has been compacted so as to be 7 or more is sufficient to constitute a surface layer portion such as a flooring material that is easily subjected to concentrated load or impact load and requires high hardness and wear resistance. It can be seen that it has excellent hardness and wear resistance.
As a result, the surface plastic working material SPW according to the present embodiment having an air-drying specific gravity of 0.7 or more by compaction processing constitutes a surface layer portion such as a flooring material that is susceptible to concentrated load or impact load. It was confirmed that it was difficult to make a dent.

By the way, according to the experimental study by the present inventors, the dimensional change rate per 1% of the moisture content in the change in the ambient environmental conditions after commercialization is achieved by making the wood highly compressed and the air-drying specific gravity to be 0.8 or more. When the air-dry specific gravity is 0.85 or more, the hardness [N / mm ² ] is particularly high, and the hardness [N / mm ² ] and the wear depth [mm] are particularly high. It has been confirmed that variations in values are reduced, physical properties are stabilized, and variations in quality are reduced. This is because when the air-drying specific gravity is 0.85 or more, most cells in the early wood part are compressed and deformed and the cell walls overlap, and the early wood part (cell lumen) has a very small void. It is estimated that the total thickness is reduced and the entire thickness is compressed substantially uniformly. For this reason, by setting the air-dry specific gravity to 0.85 or more by compaction processing, the variation in the dimensional change rate due to changes in ambient environmental conditions is reduced, so that the dimensional shape stability can be improved. If wood is further compressed to an air-drying specific gravity of 1.05 or more, the hardness, wear resistance, impact resistance, etc. will be significantly improved and scars and dents will be very difficult to be attached. Footwear such as high heels It has been confirmed that it can sufficiently withstand floor materials and the like that receive many concentrated impact loads.

Next, a manufacturing procedure of the inner plywood IPW constituting the laminated material according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
First, a softwood veneer W (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6, W7) made of cedar with an average thickness of about 2.57 mm, which is obtained by cutting a log made of cedar as a conifer. ) Are prepared, and are laminated and bonded so that the length directions of the grain are orthogonal to each other, as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b). At this time, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4B, the thickness of the seven laminated softwood single plates W (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6, W7) is as a whole. It is about 18 mm.
In the present embodiment, the softwood veneers W are joined together by pressing with a press board (not shown) with an adhesive interposed therebetween. Specifically, after applying a uniform application of an adhesive between the softwood veneers W in a compression space of a press board (not shown), it is clamped with the compression pressure of the press board (not shown), so The plates W are joined together. Incidentally, the pressing pressure and the pressing time, which are the predetermined conditions at this time, are optimally determined in advance by experiments or the like so that the pressure is applied as evenly as possible using the type of adhesive, tree species, moisture content, and the like as parameters. Is set.

Here, as the adhesive that bonds the softwood veneers W together, an aqueous vinyl urethane adhesive (aqueous polymer isocyanate adhesive), urethane resin, or the like can be used. In the meantime, the coating amount is preferably 200 g / m ² or more. As a result, the disadvantages of the softwood veneer W that the adhesive easily penetrates and that there are many back cracks due to the cutting of the rotary race are complemented, and the softwood veneers W are firmly bonded. That is, sufficient adhesive strength can be obtained. For this reason, in the obtained inner-layer plywood IPW, stable strength, rigidity, and dimensional shape stability can be ensured.

In addition, at this time, it is preferable that these softwood veneers W are bonded so that the tree surfaces or the tree back surfaces face each other. By adhering each other so that the wood surfaces or the wood back surfaces face each other, warping deformation in a specific direction due to the difference in cell density between the wood surface and the wood back surface of the conifer veneer W is corrected, and the inner plywood IPW Overall it will be more balanced. For this reason, the influence on the surface plastic working material SPW can be reduced by reducing the influence of the inner plywood IPW on the surface plastic working material SPW, and the balance with the surface plastic working material SPW can be improved. It becomes possible.
In addition, by adhering the wood surfaces or the wood back surfaces to each other, the back crack surfaces of the single plate generated by cutting the rotary race are opposed to each other, and the surfaces where no back cracks are generated. Since they face each other, the flatness on the bonding surface becomes good, and it becomes possible to secure stable bonding properties.

  Next, in the case where seven softwood single plates (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6, W7) shown in FIG. 4B are laminated, the side to be joined to the surface plastic working material SPW is cut by about 3 mm. In detail, the entire softwood veneer W7 and a part of the softwood veneer W6 (about 0.53 mm) are cut and processed, and as shown in FIG. 4C, the overall thickness is about 15 mm. The inner layer plywood IPW is obtained by laminating and bonding six single plates W (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6). At this time, in this inner-layer plywood IPW, the thickness of each softwood veneer W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 is the average thickness of about 2.6 mm when it is cut with a rotary race. The thickness of the softwood veneer W6 to be joined to the plastic workpiece SPW is about 2 mm, which is about 3/4 of the thickness of each softwood veneer W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 by cutting.

In this way, the uncompressed softwood single plates W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, and W6 are laminated and bonded in even numbers (6 in the present embodiment) so that the length direction of each grain is orthogonal, And while setting the thickness of softwood single board W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 other than the joint side softwood single board W6 joined to the surface plastic processing material SPW in the range of 2 mm-4 mm, the joint side softwood single board W6 is The inner layer plywood IPW is manufactured by cutting and making the thickness within a range of 1/4 to 3/4 of the thickness of the softwood veneers W1, W2, W3, W4, W5.
The values of 2 mm to 4 mm were confirmed to be within the range of 2 mm to 4 mm in the thickness of the softwood veneer that can cut logs when a rotary race is used by experimental research by the inventors. Therefore, it is set based on this.
Moreover, the values of 1/4 to 3/4 are in the range of 1/4 to 3/4 of the thickness of the coniferous veneer veneer and the thickness of the other softwood veneer according to the present inventors' experimental research. It was set based on this because it was confirmed that the laminated material would have a small dimensional shape change as described later. That is, these values are values obtained by experimental studies by the present inventors. In view of the stability of log cutting by a rotary race or the like, a range of 1/2 to 3/4 is preferable.

As described above, the inner plywood IPW according to the present embodiment obtained in this way has an overall thickness of about 15 mm, complementing the disadvantages of the softwood veneer that the specific gravity is small and the strength and rigidity are small. Had sufficient strength and rigidity. That is, it has sufficient strength and rigidity to be able to be used as an inner layer portion such as a flooring that receives a load or the like.
By the way, by adopting the configuration of the inner layer plywood IPW according to the present embodiment, the strength and rigidity may be equal to or higher than the case where the same configuration is made using a lauan single plate whose thickness is usually 0.3 mm to 2 mm. This has been confirmed by our experimental studies. Conventionally, when the Lauan plywood is used for the inner layer portion of the floor material, the thickness of the entire plywood is about 12 mm.

Next, the laminated material LW according to the present embodiment configured using the surface plastic working material SPW and the inner layer plywood IPW manufactured as described above will be described with reference to FIG.
As shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), the laminated material LW of the present embodiment is compacted to one side of a surface plastic processed material SPW having an air-dry specific gravity of 0.7 or more. Through the adhesive, the inner layer plywood IPW was joined so that the length direction of the cut side of the joint-side softwood veneer W6 was orthogonal to the length direction of the surface plastic working material SPW. Is.

Here, as the adhesive that interposes between the surface plastic working material SPW and the inner layer plywood IPW and integrally joins them, for example, an aqueous vinyl urethane adhesive (aqueous polymer isocyanate adhesive) ), Urethane resin or the like can be used, but the coating amount is preferably 200 g / m ² or more between the surface plastic working material SPW and the inner plywood IPW. As a result, the disadvantage of the softwood veneer W6 that the adhesive easily penetrates is complemented, and the surface plastic working material SPW and the inner layer plywood IPW are firmly bonded. That is, sufficient adhesive strength can be obtained. For this reason, stable strength, rigidity, and dimensional shape stability can be secured in the obtained laminated material LW.
Of course, in the case of carrying out the present invention, it is possible to join the surface plastic working material SPW and the inner layer plywood IPW by means of mechanically connecting woods or connecting means, but using an adhesive. In this case, there is an advantage that both can be joined by a simple operation of applying an adhesive.

  In the present embodiment, the surface plastic working material SPW and the inner layer plywood IPW are also integrally joined by pressing with a press board (not shown) with an adhesive interposed. Specifically, the laminated material LW of the present embodiment is obtained by placing an adhesive uniformly applied between the surface plastic working material SPW and the inner layer plywood IPW in a compression space of a press machine (not shown). The surface plastic working material SPW and the inner layer plywood IPW are integrally joined by pressing with a compression pressure of a not-shown press disc. Also, the pressing pressure and the pressing time, which are predetermined conditions at this time, are optimally determined in advance by experiments or the like so that the pressure is applied as evenly as possible using the type of adhesive, tree species, moisture content, and the like as parameters. Is set.

  As described above, in the laminated material LW of the present embodiment, the surface plastic processed material SPW having excellent hardness, wear resistance, and rigidity is formed on the surface layer, and the inner layer plywood IPW having sufficient strength and rigidity is used as the lower layer. Since the surface plastic working material SPW side is used for the product surface, the surface plastic working material SPW that becomes the surface causes scars and the like. It is difficult to make a dent. In addition to the surface plastic working material SPW, the inner layer plywood IPW has sufficient strength and rigidity. For this reason, it can be used in a wide range of applications such as flooring, deck materials, waistboard materials, indoor furniture materials, housing exterior materials used for surface coating, school children's desks, table tops, doors, etc. that receive concentrated loads or impact loads from footwear. The design surface is well maintained for a long time because it is difficult to be scratched and dented.

In particular, according to the experimental study by the present inventors, even when a high surface hardness is required to receive concentrated load or impact load such as flooring, the specific gravity of the surface plastic working material SPW is set to 0. Since the hardness and the like increase remarkably by setting it to 7 or more, if the air-dry specific gravity of the surface plastic processed material SPW is 0.7, the surface hardness is required if the thickness is about 3 mm to about 5 mm. In the case of conifers such as cedar wood, it has been confirmed that a thickness of about 1 mm is sufficient even if the air-dry specific gravity 1.2 is the upper limit. That is, the surface plastic working material SPW according to the present embodiment having an air-drying specific gravity of 0.7 or more has a thickness of about 1 mm to about 5 mm, so that it can be reliably applied to floor materials and the like that require high surface hardness. It can be used, and it has been confirmed that scars and dents are hardly formed even when used for flooring.
Further, in the case where six softwood veneers are laminated as in the present embodiment, the total thickness of the inner plywood IPW is set to 15 mm or more, so that high strength and impact load can be received. It has been confirmed that sufficient strength and rigidity can be ensured to withstand floor materials that require rigidity.
Of course, when the present invention is carried out, the number of softwood veneers is not limited to six, and a relatively large thickness is required as in the case of using for a school board or a dining table top board. In some cases, it is set in consideration of required strength and rigidity, intended use, and the like.

And since the two types of processed wood, such as the surface plastic processed material SPW and the inner layer plywood IPW, ensure scars and dents, and furthermore, sufficient strength and rigidity are secured, the lamination of the present embodiment According to the material LW, the cost can be reduced and the manufacturing can be facilitated.
The non-compressed inner plywood IPW is softer than the surface plastic working material SPW, and as described above, the surface plastic working material SPW has a specific gravity of 0.7 or more, so that the hardness and the like are remarkably increased. Since the thickness of the material SPW can be reduced, the original buffer function of wood by the inner plywood IPW can be extracted, and the original soundproofing effect and heat insulation effect by the inner plywood IPW can also be expected.

Here, the dimensional shape change of the laminated material LW according to the present embodiment when the ambient environment condition changes will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.
The present inventors performed the following test in order to examine the change in the dimensional shape of the laminated material LW when the ambient environmental conditions changed.
First, the result of having tested about the curvature deformation by moisture absorption drying is demonstrated. In the test for warp deformation due to moisture absorption drying, the laminated material LW according to Example 1 of the present embodiment was used, and further, the laminated materials according to Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were produced and used for comparison. .
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, the laminated material LW according to Example 1 of the present embodiment is a cedar material having an air-dry specific gravity of about 0.8 and an overall thickness of about 3 mm by consolidation. An inner layer plywood IPW having a total thickness of about 15 mm obtained by laminating and bonding a single softwood plate made of six cedars to a surface plastic working material SPW made of They are joined so that their length directions are orthogonal. As a precaution, the inner-layer plywood IPW according to the first embodiment is a surface plastic processing in which seven softwood veneers having an average thickness of about 2.6 mm are laminated (A) as described above. The side to be joined to the material SPW is cut by about 3 mm, and six softwood veneers are laminated, and the length direction of the grain of the cut surface side is the length of the grain of the surface plastic working material SPW These are joined so as to be orthogonal to the direction. Here, a laminate material LW having a total size of thickness (T) 18 m × width (W) 105 mm × length (L) 600 mm was used.

  Further, the laminated material according to Comparative Example 1 has a thickness average on the surface plastic processed material SPW (the same as Example 1) having an air-dry specific gravity of about 0.8 and an overall thickness of about 3 mm by consolidation. Inner-layer plywood A having a total thickness of about 18 mm by laminating and bonding seven pieces of softwood veneer made of cedar of about 2.6 mm (similar to Example 1 obtained by cutting logs with a rotary race) Are joined so that the length direction of each grain coincides with the joint surface with the surface plastic working material SPW. That is, the difference from the laminated material LW according to Example 1 is that an inner layer plywood A having a total thickness of about 18 mm in a laminated state of seven sheets before cutting, which is a precursor of the inner layer plywood IPW according to Example 1, is used. Then, it is joined to the surface plastic working material SPW and joined so that the length direction of each grain coincides with the joining surface. Here, a laminated material having an overall size of thickness (T) 21 m × width (W) 105 mm × length (L) length 600 mm was used (other conditions such as adhesion amount are the same as those in Example 1). .

  Furthermore, the laminated material according to Comparative Example 2 is a surface plastic working material SPW (same as Example 1) made of cedar wood having an air-drying specific gravity of about 0.8 and an overall thickness of about 3 mm by consolidation. Then, seven softwood veneers made of cedar with an average thickness of about 2.6 mm (similar to Example 1 and made by cutting logs with a rotary race) are laminated and bonded to a total thickness of about 18 mm. Further, the inner layer plywood B having a total thickness of about 15 mm by laminating and bonding seven sheets of softwood veneer by cutting the both sides by about 1.5 mm each is bonded to the surface plastic working material SPW. They are joined by matching the length direction of each grain. That is, the difference from the laminated material LW according to the first embodiment is that the inner layer plywood IPW according to the first embodiment has a single-sided side to be joined to the surface plastic working material SPW in the laminated state (A) of seven softwood veneers. The inner layer plywood B according to Comparative Example 2 is about 3 mm cut and processed, and in the laminated state of seven coniferous veneers, both sides are approximately By cutting 1.5 mm each, seven softwood veneers are laminated, and this inner layer plywood B is the length of each grain at the joint surface with the surface plastic working material SPW. It is in the point joined to the surface plastic working material SPW so that the directions coincide. Here, the total size used was a thickness (T) of 18 m × width (W) of 105 mm × length (L) of 600 mm (other conditions such as adhesion amount are the same as in Example 1).

As test conditions, the laminate LW according to Example 1 and the laminates according to Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were dried in a dryer at 60 ° C. for 24 hours, and then in an environment of 20 ° C. and humidity 80%. For 24 hours, and again for 24 hours in a dryer at 60 ° C., and then for 72 hours in an environment of 20 ° C. and 80% humidity. FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results measured for the cup amount [mm] of the laminated material LW according to Example 1 and the laminated materials according to Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 after the test, after drying and after moisture absorption. .
FIG. 7 shows an example in which three types (A, B, and C) of cedar with different dimensions are compacted and the air-dry specific gravity is about 0.8, respectively. The result of having performed the said test using the surface plastic working material SPW which concerns on 1 and the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 is shown. That is, in FIG. 7, the laminates according to Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 were produced using three types (A, B, C) of surface plastic working material SPW, and the above test was performed. The results are shown, and the same symbols (A, B, C) in FIG. 7 mean that the surface plastic working material SPW that has been compacted from the same lumber is used. Moreover, the measurement result of the cup amount [mm] in FIG. 7 is the average of the results obtained by measuring a total of three locations at both ends in the width direction and the center of each laminated material.

  As shown in FIG. 7, in the laminated materials according to Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, the cup amount [mm] after drying (24h, 72h) is large, and a large cup warp occurs due to drying and moisture absorption. It was confirmed that. And after drying of the 2nd cycle (72h), there was a tendency to exceed 0.3 [mm] which is an acceptable value of a practical cup amount as a product. On the other hand, in the laminated material LW according to Example 1, the cup amount [mm] is small even when two cycles of drying and moisture absorption are performed, so that a large cup warp does not occur, and a practical cup as a product. The condition of 0.3 [mm] or less, which is an acceptable value of the quantity, was sufficiently satisfied.

Next, the results of testing the expansion change due to water absorption will be described.
In the test for the expansion change due to water absorption, the laminated material LW according to Example 1 of the present embodiment was used as described above.
As a test condition, the thickness t1 [mm] at the center of the laminated material LW according to Example 1 in which the thickness (T) is 18 m, the width (W) is 50 mm, and the length (L) is 50 mm before water absorption is dialed. After measuring with a gauge or the like, it was immersed in water at 25 ± 1 ° C. for 24 hours so as to be positioned horizontally about 3 cm below the water surface. And thickness t2 [mm] of the same location as the measurement location of thickness t1 [mm] was measured, and thickness expansion coefficient alpha [%] by water absorption was computed by the following formula (4).
Thickness expansion coefficient due to water absorption α [%] = [(t2−t1) / t1} × 100 (4)
The results are shown in Table 2. A, B, and C in Table 2 correspond to the above A, B, and C. In Table 2, the results of measurement using three types (A, B, and C) of surface plastic working material SPW Is shown. Moreover, in Table 2, the measurement result of a total of three places of the length direction both ends of each laminated material and its center part is each shown.

  As shown in Table 2, in the laminated material LW according to Example 1 of the present embodiment, the thickness expansion coefficient due to water absorption is about 5%, which is an acceptable value that is practical for a product of 20% or less. Was enough.

From these facts, it was found that the laminated material LW according to the present embodiment has a small dimensional shape change and is stable even when the ambient environmental conditions change after commercialization.
This is because the inner plywood IPW according to the present embodiment is an even number of uncompressed softwood veneers W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, and W6 so that the length directions of each grain are orthogonal (this embodiment 6 in the form) The thickness of the softwood single plates W1, W2, W3, W4, and W5 other than the joint-side softwood single plate W6 that is laminated and bonded to the surface plastic working material SPW is set in the range of 2 mm to 4 mm. At the same time, the joining-side softwood veneer W6 is cut to have a thickness within a range of 1/4 to 3/4 of the thickness of the softwood veneers W1, W2, W3, W4, W5. Even if a force (expansion and contraction force) for deforming each softwood veneer W (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6) is generated due to a change in conditions, each softwood veneer W (W1, W2, W3) , W4, W5, W6) interact and cancel each other The balance is taken, and the dimensional shape change of the inner layer plywood IPW is prevented. Thereby, the influence on the surface plastic work material SPW of the inner layer plywood IPW is small and the balance with the surface plastic work material SPW is also good. In particular, since the inner plywood IPW is joined to the surface plastic working material SPW so that the length directions of the grain of each other are orthogonal to each other at the joint surface between the inner layer plywood IPW and the surface plastic working material SPW. This is because they act to achieve a better balance and prevent changes in the dimensions and shape of the entire laminated material LW.
In addition, this can be confirmed from the fact that the dimensional shape change of the laminates according to Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 was large in the warpage deformation test by moisture absorption drying. That is, the dimensional shape change in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 is large because the balance of the entire inner plywood (A, B) is poor in the structure of the laminated material according to Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. The change is large, and therefore, the balance with the surface plastic working material SPW is also poor, and the inner plywood IPW is joined so that the length directions of each grain coincide with each other at the joint surface with the surface plastic working material SPW. Therefore, it is presumed that the inner plywood (A, B) was pulled by the movement of the surface plastic working material SPW and greatly warped and deformed in a specific direction.

Incidentally, the present inventors have conducted a test for peeling by water absorption drying, and in the laminated material LW according to the present embodiment, a good result that peeling of each bonding surface is 1/3 or less has been obtained. Yes.
Specifically, the laminated material LW according to Example 1 in which the coating amount of the adhesive between the surface plastic working material SPW and the inner layer plywood IPW and between each single plate was 200 g / m ² was heated in 70 ± 3 ° C. warm water. After being soaked for 2 hours, it was placed in a constant temperature drier at 60 ° C. ± 3 ° C. and dried for 3 hours while taking care not to accumulate moisture in the dryer. As a result, as described above, in the laminated material LW according to Example 1, peeling at each bonding surface that was made practical as a product was 1/3 or less.
As described above, the good result of this peel test is that, as described above, the balance between each softwood veneer W and the balance between the inner plywood IPW and the surface plastic working material SPW, the dimension shape of each wood on the bonding surface This may be due to the small change.

  In addition, according to the laminated material LW which concerns on this Embodiment, since peeling by water absorption drying is small in this way, even if it is a case where ambient environment conditions change after commercialization, an intensity | strength and rigidity will hardly fall. Further, as described above, since the dimensional shape change of the entire inner layer plywood IPW is small, there is almost no influence that affects the strength and rigidity of the surface plastic working material SPW. Therefore, sufficient strength and rigidity are maintained even when the ambient environmental conditions change after commercialization.

By the way, when practicing the present invention, a groove having a predetermined cross-sectional shape, for example, a substantially U-shaped cross-section, is formed on the surface opposite to the joint surface to the surface plastic work material SPW in the inner plywood IPW. It is preferable to form it corresponding to the length direction of the SPW grain. As a result, even if a force (expansion / shrinkage force) that causes deformation in the inner plywood IPW due to changes in the surrounding environmental conditions is generated, it is blocked by the grooves, and the dimensional change of the inner plywood IPW occurs more. It becomes difficult. Therefore, the inner layer plywood IPW has less influence on the surface plastic working material SPW, and the balance with the surface plastic working material SPW is further improved, and the dimensional shape stability of the laminated material LW is further improved.
According to the experimental study by the present inventors, the depth of the groove is 20% to 60% with respect to the thickness of the inner plywood IPW, and the width of the groove is in the range of about 1 mm to 6 mm. Thus, it has been confirmed that dimensional shape stability can be achieved without impairing strength and rigidity.

  In the case of carrying out the present invention, the laminated material LW has a moisture content of 6 to 10% in the range of 6 to 10% in the moisture content of the uncompressed softwood veneer W in the surface plastic working material SPW and the inner layer plywood IPW, and surface plasticity. It is desirable that the difference between the moisture content of the processed material SPW and the moisture content of the uncompressed softwood veneer W in the inner plywood IPW is in the range of 0% to 2%. According to experiments by the present inventors, the moisture content of the uncompressed softwood veneer W in the surface plastic working material SPW and the inner plywood IPW is in the range of 6 to 10%, and the moisture content and inner layer of the surface plastic working material SPW When a laminated material LW with a difference in moisture content of the uncompressed softwood veneer W in the plywood IPW in the range of 0% to 2% is commercialized, the dimensional shape change after commercialization is small and stable quality is obtained. It has been confirmed that This is because the difference between the moisture content of the surface plastic working material SPW and the moisture content of the uncompressed softwood veneer W in the inner layer plywood IPW is in the range of 0% to 2%, so that the surface plastic working material SPW and the inner layer plywood The balance of dimensional shape change with the uncompressed softwood veneer W in IPW becomes better, and the average moisture content in the atmosphere is usually 12% to 15%. This is because the amount and moisture absorption amount are reduced.

  As described above, the laminated material LW according to the present embodiment has the thickness of the wood heated and compressed by the external force applied in the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the wood grain, and compacted to reduce the air-drying specific gravity to 0. .7 or more surface plastic working material SPW and non-compressed softwood veneer W (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6) multiple pieces so that the length direction of each grain is orthogonal (this implementation) The thickness of the softwood veneers W1, W2, W3, W4, and W5 other than the bonded softwood veneer W6 that is laminated and bonded to the surface plastic working material SPW is in the range of 2 mm to 4 mm. In addition, the joint-side softwood veneer W6 was cut to have a thickness within a range of 1/4 to 3/4 of the thickness of the softwood veneers W1, W2, W3, W4, and W5. The grain length direction of the surface is the grain length of the surface plastic working material SPW Those comprising an inner layer plywood IPW bonded to one side of the surface plastic working material SPW to be perpendicular to the direction.

Therefore, according to the laminated material LW according to the present embodiment, the surface plastic working material SPW has the structure of the components constituting the cell wall being dense and the hardness, wear resistance, etc. are remarkably improved, and scars and dents are formed. Is difficult to follow.
In addition, the inner plywood IPW is supplemented with the disadvantages of the softwood veneer that the specific gravity is small and the strength and rigidity are small, and even when an external force such as a load is applied, cracks do not occur, and sufficient strength and rigidity are achieved. In addition, each softwood single plate W (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6) has a force (expansion and contraction force) that causes it to be deformed due to a change in ambient environmental conditions. The plates W (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6) interact with each other and cancel each other, thereby achieving balance and preventing dimensional changes.
Further, by preventing the dimensional shape change of the inner layer plywood IPW, the inner layer plywood IPW has little influence on the surface plastic working material SPW and has a good balance with the surface plastic working material SPW. Since it is joined to the plastic working material SPW so that the length directions of the two grains are perpendicular to each other at the joining surface, the inner plywood IPW and the surface plastic working material SPW interact with each other to achieve a better balance. Thus, the dimensional shape change of the entire laminated material LW is prevented.
In addition, the two types of processed wood, the surface plastic processed material SPW and the inner layer plywood IPW, ensure scars and dents, as well as sufficient strength and rigidity, and prevent changes in dimensions and shape. Therefore, it is possible to reduce costs and facilitate manufacturing.

  In this way, scars and dents are difficult to be attached, it has sufficient strength and rigidity, and it can prevent changes in dimensions and shape when the ambient environment conditions change after commercialization. Therefore, the laminated material can be used effectively for coniferous trees such as cedar.

  In particular, according to the laminated material LW according to Example 1 of the first embodiment, the inner layer plywood IPW is formed by laminating six softwood veneers W (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6) and the total thickness. Since the thickness of the surface plastic processed material SPW having an air-drying specific gravity of 0.8 mm is 3 mm, high surface hardness and strength are required to receive concentrated loads and impact loads. However, it can be used reliably for flooring.

Furthermore, according to the laminated material LW according to the present embodiment, the inner layer plywood IPW includes a plurality of conifer veneers W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6, and W7 so that the length directions of the grain lines are orthogonal to each other. After laminating and bonding the sheets (7 sheets in the present embodiment), the side to be joined to the surface plastic working material SPW is cut, so that a plurality of coniferous single plates W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6 ( In this embodiment, 6 sheets are laminated and bonded.
Here, when the softwood single plates W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, and W6 having the above-described thickness are prepared and laminated and bonded, an adhesive application process to both surfaces of the softwood single plates W2 and W4 is performed. In addition to the double-sided adhesive coating equipment, a single-sided adhesive coating equipment is required in addition to the double-sided adhesive coating equipment because the process of applying the adhesive to one side of the softwood single board W5 or the softwood single board W6 also occurs. End up. Moreover, even if it is a case where it is performed only with a single-sided adhesive application facility as an application process to each one side of the softwood veneer W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6, it still takes time to manufacture, Manufacturing cost will be high.
On the other hand, as in the above-described embodiment, after preparing odd-numbered softwood single plates W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6, and W7 and laminating and bonding them, the softwood single plates W1, W2, and the like are obtained by cutting. When even-numbered lamination of W3, W4, W5, and W6 is used, both sides of the single board disposed on the even-numbered board, that is, both sides of the softwood single board W2, W4, and W6 are coated with adhesive. Adhesive coating equipment is sufficient, and it can be manufactured at low cost.
Therefore, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

Further, even when the surface flatness is impaired during the production of the inner layer plywood IPW, or when the surface is scratched or soiled, in the above embodiment, the surface plastic work material SPW is joined by cutting. Since the surface side to be cut is cut, the inner layer plywood IPW can surely obtain the necessary flatness and ensure stable bonding with the surface plastic working material SPW.
In addition, during the production of the laminated material LW including the joining process of the surface plastic working material SPW and the inner plywood IPW, the flatness of the surface plastic working material SPW, which becomes the product surface, is particularly impaired, or scratches and dirt are generated. In this case, it is preferable to cut the surface or coat the surface with a resin or the like. As a result, necessary flatness can be obtained and the appearance can be improved.

In addition, according to the laminated material LW according to the present embodiment, the surface plastic working material SPW is a volume of the internal space IS formed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B as a divided structure. The pre-processed wood NW, which is a raw material of the surface plastic working material SPW placed in the internal space IS, is perpendicular to the length direction of the grain using the press board 10 that is press-compressible by changing It is heated and compressed in the direction, further held in the sealed internal space IS, controlled by fixing the vapor pressure in the held internal space IS, and then cooled.
That is, the surface plastic working material SPW according to the present embodiment is efficiently compressed and deformed. Therefore, the laminated material LW according to the present embodiment provides good productivity.
In addition, the surface plastic working material SPW according to the present embodiment is cooled after controlling and fixing the vapor pressure in the internal space IS, so that the surface crack called return, bulge deformation, puncture after decompression Is prevented. Therefore, according to the laminated material LW according to the present embodiment, a high-quality surface plastic working material SPW can be secured.

Further, according to the laminated material LW according to the present embodiment, the surface plastic working material SPW is made of cedar material, and the cedar material is generally easy to obtain and easy to process. The cost can be reduced and the cost can be reduced. Furthermore, cedar wood is widely distributed in Japan, and thinned wood can be easily obtained in large quantities, which can contribute to environmental conservation. Further, since the surface plastic working material SPW is formed by consolidation, it also supplements the defects of the cedar material.
Of course, the present invention is not limited to cedar, and cypress, pine, yellow poplar, etc. can be used. Cypress and pine are widely distributed in Japan, and thinned wood can be easily obtained in large quantities and can be easily processed. Therefore, the same effect as using cedar can be obtained. In addition, yellow poplar (scientific name: Liriodendron tulipifera, aka: huntenboku, tulip poplar, canary whitewood, lily) is also easy to obtain and process like cedar, so productivity can be improved. Cost reduction can be achieved. In particular, yellow poplar has a light original color tone and may change color depending on the material. In general, darkening and blackening due to high compression can be suppressed, and a good appearance can be maintained. It is.
In addition, according to the laminated plastic processed wood LPW of the present embodiment, the plurality of softwood veneers W (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6) constituting the inner plywood IPW are also all made of cedar. Therefore, further improvement in productivity and cost reduction are possible.

  However, when implementing this invention, as the modification 1 which concerns on this Embodiment, it is also possible to comprise all the softwood single board W which comprises the inner-layer plywood IPW with a cypress material. Since the cypress wood has a higher specific gravity than the cedar wood, the laminated material LW using the cypress wood has higher strength and rigidity than when the cedar wood is used. And according to the experiments by the present inventors, the result of the warp deformation test by moisture absorption drying was performed in the same manner as described above on the laminated material LW according to the modified example 1 in which the softwood veneer W was made of cypress wood. As shown in FIG. 8, the change in the cup amount due to moisture absorption drying is less than the laminated material LW according to Example 1 in which the softwood veneers W constituting the inner plywood IPW are all made of cedar wood. It has been confirmed. That is, by forming all the softwood veneers W1 constituting the inner layer plywood IPW with cypress wood, the dimensional shape stability is further improved as compared with the case with cedar wood. Furthermore, since the cypress material contains antibacterial and insecticidal components, antibacterial and insecticidal effects can also be expected.

Further, as a second modification according to the present embodiment, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, a plurality of (six in this embodiment) softwood single plates W (W1, W2, W3) constituting the inner plywood IPW , W4, W5, W6), only the joint-side softwood veneer W6 to be joined to the surface plastic working material SPW is made of cypress, and all other softwood veneers W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 are: You may comprise cedar material.
In this way, cypress material that has high strength and rigidity due to its higher specific gravity than cedar material is used on the surface layer side that receives a large amount of external force such as load, etc. While suppressing the cost, the strength and rigidity of the surface layer can be enhanced, and the dimensional shape stability can be improved.

Furthermore, as a third modification according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, a plurality of (six in this embodiment) softwood single plates W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 constituting the inner plywood IPW , W6, the softwood single plates W2, W4, W6 whose length direction of the wood is orthogonal to the length direction of the surface plastic working material SPW are made of cypress wood, and the other softwood single plates W1, W3, W5 Can also be made of cedar wood.
In this way, cypress wood, which has higher strength and rigidity than cedar wood, is used on the surface layer side that receives a large amount of external force such as load, while being arranged alternately with cedar wood, it becomes a better balance and keeps costs low The strength and rigidity can be improved, and the dimensional shape stability can be further improved.

In addition, as a fourth modification according to the present embodiment, a plurality of (six in this embodiment) softwood veneers W (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6) constituting the inner plywood IPW Among them, the joined softwood single plate W6 joined to the surface plastic working material SPW and the outermost softwood single plate W1 located on the opposite side of the joined softwood single plate W6 are made of cypress, and the other softwood singles The plates W2, W3, W4, and W5 can be made of cedar.
In this way, hinoki materials with high strength and rigidity are paralleled on both sides of the inner plywood IPW, which stabilizes the mechanical strength and improves the balance between the front and back surfaces. Strength and rigidity can be improved, and dimensional shape stability can be improved.

By the way, as for the laminated material LW of the said embodiment, the joining side softwood single board W6 is cut, and the thickness is the range of 1/4 to 3/4 of the thickness of the softwood single board W1, W2, W3, W4, W5. The inner layer plywood IPW joined to one side of the surface plastic working material SPW so that the length direction of the grain of the machined surface is perpendicular to the length direction of the grain of the surface plastic working material SPW It is.
However, when practicing the present invention, the joint-side softwood veneer W6 is not cut and the thickness thereof is the thickness of the softwood veneers W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 or 1/4 to 3/4 thereof. It is also possible to integrate the adhesive as a buffer material.

  That is, when practicing the present invention, the laminated material LW according to the present embodiment has the thickness of the wood heated and compressed and consolidated by an external force applied in a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the wood grain. Laminate multiple surface plastic processing materials SPW with air-dry specific gravity of 0.7 or more and uncompressed softwood single plates W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, and W6 so that the length directions of each grain are orthogonal The thickness of the softwood single plates W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 other than the joint-side softwood veneer W6 to be bonded and joined to the surface plastic working material SPW is in the range of 2 mm to 4 mm, and the joint-side softwood veneer An inner layer plywood IPW joined to one side of the surface plastic working material SPW so that the length direction of W6 is orthogonal to the length direction of the grain of the surface plastic working material SPW can also be provided.

In the embodiment of the present invention in which the number of stacked layers is an odd number, it can be an even number, and in the embodiment of an even number, it can be an odd number. The thickness to be changed can also be changed.
In addition, the numerical values given in the embodiment of the present invention do not indicate critical values but indicate preferable values suitable for implementation, and therefore, even if the numerical values are slightly changed, the implementation is denied. is not.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Press board 10A Upper press board 10B Lower press board 11 Seal member SPW Surface plastic processing material IS Internal space NW Wood before processing W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6, W7 Softwood single board IPW Inner layer plywood LW Laminating material

Claims (15)

Surface plastic working material in which the thickness of the wood is heat-compressed by an external force applied in a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the wood grain, and is compacted to an air-dry specific gravity of 0.7 or more,
A plurality of non-compressed softwood veneers are laminated and bonded so that the length directions of the grain are orthogonal to each other, and the thickness of the softwood veneers other than the bonded softwood veneer bonded to the surface plastic working material is 2 mm. An inner layer joined to one side of the surface plastic working material so that the length direction of the joint side softwood veneer is perpendicular to the length direction of the surface plastic working material A laminated material comprising a plywood.   The laminated material according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of softwood veneers constituting the inner plywood are made of cedar and / or cypress.   Of the plurality of softwood veneers constituting the inner layer plywood, only the bonding side softwood veneer bonded to the surface plastic working material is made of cypress, and the other softwood veneer is made of cedar. The laminated material according to claim 1 or 2.   Among the plurality of softwood veneers constituting the inner layer plywood, the softwood veneer whose length direction is perpendicular to the length direction of the surface plastic working material is made of cypress, and the other softwood veneers are The laminated material according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a cedar material.   Among a plurality of softwood veneers constituting the inner plywood, a bonded softwood veneer bonded to the surface plastic working material, and an outermost softwood veneer positioned on the opposite side of the bonded softwood veneer The laminated material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein is made of cypress, and the other softwood veneer is made of cedar. The laminated material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an application amount of an adhesive used for bonding the softwood veneers of the inner layer plywood is 200 g / m ² or more. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein an adhesive is used for joining the surface plastic working material and the inner layer plywood, and an application amount of the adhesive is set to 200 g / m ² or more. The laminated material as described in one.   The surface plastic working material has a thickness in a range of 1 mm to 5 mm, and the inner layer plywood has a total thickness of 15 mm or more by stacking six softwood single plates constituting the inner layer plywood. The laminated material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the laminate is characterized in that:   The plurality of softwood veneers constituting the inner layer plywood are bonded so that their tree surfaces or tree back surfaces are opposed to each other. Laminated material.   The lamination according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a groove having a predetermined cross-sectional shape is formed on a surface of the inner plywood opposite to a surface to be joined to the surface plastic working material. Wood.   The laminated material has a moisture content of the uncompressed softwood veneer in the surface plastic working material and the inner plywood in the range of 6 to 10%, and the moisture content of the surface plastic working material and the non-compression in the inner plywood. The laminated material according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a difference in moisture content of the compressed softwood veneer is within a range of 0% to 2%.   The surface plastic working material is a press plate that is press-compressible by forming an internal space by a structure divided into a plurality of parts and changing the volume of the internal space, and the surface placed in the internal space The unprocessed wood, which is a raw material of the plastic work material, is heated and compressed in a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the grain, and is further held in the sealed internal space. The laminated material according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the laminated material is processed by consolidation by controlling a vapor pressure.   The laminated material according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the surface plastic working material is made of a cedar material or a cypress material.   The joint-side softwood veneer on the surface plastic working material side is cut to have a thickness within a range of 1/4 to 3/4 of the thickness of the softwood veneer. The laminated material according to claim 13.   The inner layer plywood is laminated and bonded by stacking a plurality of softwood veneers so that the length directions of each grain are perpendicular to each other, and then cutting the side to be joined to the surface plastic working material. The laminated material according to claim 1, wherein the laminated material is a laminated material.

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