JP2012117520A - Filter evaluating system and filter evaluating method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a means for properly evaluating a DPF in a short period of time in such a manner as to coincide with European restrictions by obtaining a PN measuring means correlative to a PN measuring method based on new European laws and regulations or standards.SOLUTION: This filter evaluating system 100A includes: a PM generator 10 for generating a particulate matter (PM) in gas; a storage chamber 90 for housing a filter which is supplied with the gas having the PM generated by the PM generator 10; and particle size distribution measuring devices 93 and 94 which are provided via sample lines 95 and 96 therefor on the PM generator 10 side of the storage chamber 90 and the side opposite to the PM generator 10 of the PM generator, respectively, and classify the PM by electrical mobility to measure the particle size distribution of the PM in each gas on the basis of the quantity of electricity of the classified PM.

Description

  The present invention relates to a means for evaluating a filter that removes particulate matter (referred to herein as a particulate filter (PF), also simply referred to as a filter). More specifically, the present invention relates to a particle measurement program (abbreviated as GRPE) of the Emissions Energy Expert Meeting (abbreviated as GRPE) of the World Forum for Harmonization of Automotive Standards (abbreviated as WP29) in the European Economic Committee (abbreviated as ECE) of the United Nations (abbreviated as UN). It relates to means for evaluating DPF (diesel particulate filter) by means of PN measurement, which can be substituted for the PN measurement method proposed by PMP). The invention also relates to means for evaluating a GPF (gasoline particulate filter).

  Fine particles in exhaust gas discharged from various internal combustion engines or the like have a great influence on the human body and the environment. Therefore, there is an increasing need to prevent these releases to the atmosphere. In particular, PM (particulate matter, particulate matter) discharged from a diesel engine has the above-mentioned influence, and PM regulations are being strengthened worldwide. In Europe, where most automobile engines are diesel engines, the amount of PM contained in the exhaust gas is set to a very small amount (0.005 g / km) in the European Union (abbreviated EU) exhaust gas regulations (so-called Euro 5). Regulations based on weight (mass) have been established, and in the next scheduled new exhaust gas regulations (so-called Euro 6), further reinforcement of regulations is being studied.

  In Euro 6, restrictions on PN (particle number, number of particles) will be introduced for PM restrictions. This is because measurement of the weight (mass) of PM is said to be at the limit of the current level, and if it becomes too small, there may be a problem of accuracy, and it is large on the order of nanometers (nm). This is because the PM has a great influence on the lungs of the human body.

  Under such circumstances, a PN measurement method (particle number measurement method) unified by PMP by WP29 GRPE in UN ECE has been proposed, and this becomes a regulation, and the measurement basis for PN regulations in Europe Is going to be. In other words, automobiles sold in Europe will have to comply with PN regulations based on the new measurement method when Euro 6 is in force. Non-patent documents 1 and 2 have been published as prior art documents.

Japan Society of Automotive Engineers, Preprint of Academic Lecture, No. 118-08, Development of particulate measurement technology in automobile exhaust gas Japan Society of Automotive Engineers, Preprint of Academic Lecture, No. 155-07, Investigation of soot particle discharge behavior by solid particle number measurement system

  By the way, for example, diesel engine cars can comply with PM regulations largely by DPF in post-processing technology. Diesel engine vehicles that can be equipped with DPF can also comply with the new PN regulations, and whether or not diesel engine cars can meet the new PN regulations depends on the development and evaluation of the DPF. It is no exaggeration to say.

  In Europe, the PN measurement method using PMP adopts a NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) mode as a driving mode of a diesel engine vehicle. The NEDC mode includes a preconditioning period, a soaking period, and a measurement (measurement) period. EUDC (Extra Urban Driving Cyde) in the preconditioning period (see FIG. 8A) and the measurement period (see FIG. 8B) is a high-speed operation mode including a maximum of 120 km / h, and ECE15 (ECE rules in the measurement period). No.) is a repeated urban driving mode determined by the ECE. The problem here is that the soaking period is 6 hours or more. For this reason, for example, if an attempt is made to evaluate the PN removal capability of a newly developed DPF based on a PN measurement method using PMP, it takes approximately 7 hours per NEDC mode. With this, the development of DPF does not progress slowly.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and its object is to obtain a PN measurement means that is correlated with a PN measurement method based on new European regulations or standards in anticipation of Euro 6. Thus, it is to provide a means for evaluating the DPF appropriately and in a short time so as to meet the European regulations. As a result of repeated research, it has been found that this problem can be solved by the following means.

  That is, first, according to the present invention, the fuel and the fuel combustion air are mixed, and the fuel combustion chamber in which the mixed fuel mixture is burned, and the fuel is intermittently injected into the fuel combustion chamber. A fuel injection means, and a fuel pilot burner for igniting the fuel mixture, and generating particulate matter (PM) in the gas by incomplete combustion of the fuel mixture A PM generator, a storage chamber for storing a filter to which gas generated by the PM generator is supplied, and a side of the storage chamber on the side of the PM generator and the opposite side of the PM generator, respectively. A particle size distribution measuring device for measuring the particle size distribution of PM in each gas based on the electric quantity of the classified PM, Have Filter evaluation system is provided.

  The space between the PM generator and the storage chamber and the outlet side of the storage chamber are constituted by, for example, piping or a duct. The PM generator side of the storage chamber is the inlet side of gas (to the storage chamber). The opposite side of the storage chamber from the PM generator is the outlet side of the gas (from the storage chamber). When the filter evaluation system is used, the PM generator side of the storage chamber is the inlet side (gas to the filter) and the opposite side of the storage chamber to the PM generator is (gas, On the exit side (from the filter). The sample system includes, for example, a thin pipe or duct, and necessary valves, a flow meter, and the like. A gas that generates PM may be referred to as a PM-containing gas.

  Since the particle size distribution measuring device measures the particle size distribution of PM in the gas on the inlet side (outside of the filter) and the outlet side of the storage chamber, preferably one set for each sample system. And two particle size distribution measuring devices. Further, the sample system may be joined and a switching valve (automatic valve or the like) may be provided so that the gas on the inlet side and the outlet side of the storage chamber can be collected separately (see FIG. 1B). In this case, a single particle size distribution measuring device is sufficient. The same applies to the diluter and the soluble organic component removing device to be described later. Preferably, each of the diluter and the soluble organic component removing device has two diluters and the soluble organic component removing device, and the particle size distribution measuring device is one. May be provided with one diluter and a soluble organic component removing device at each inlet.

  Specifically, as a particle size distribution measuring apparatus for measuring the particle size distribution of PM in gas based on the electric quantity of the classified PM by classifying PM by electric mobility, TSI's EPS (Engine Exhaust Particle) For example, Sizer Spectrometer (model 3090), FMSI (Fast Mobility Particle Sizer Spectrometer, model 3091) manufactured by TSI, FPS (Fast Particle Sizer, model DMS500, DMS500MkII), etc. manufactured by Combustion Co., can be exemplified. The principle of these particle size distribution devices is that the PM is charged (charged), classified according to the difference in the electric mobility of the PM, and the electric quantity (charge amount) of the classified PM is measured by an electrometer. In other words, the PN and concentration distribution in the specified particle size range are obtained.

  In the filter evaluation system according to the present invention, it is preferable that the sample system further includes a diluter for diluting the gas. This means that there is further provided a diluter for diluting the gas between the PM generator side of the storage chamber and the opposite side of the PM generator, and the particle size distribution measuring device. Preferable examples of the diluter include MD19-2E and MD19-3E manufactured by Matter. Some particle size distribution measuring devices and soluble organic component removing devices have a built-in diluter, and in that case, there is no need to provide them independently.

  In the filter evaluation system according to the present invention, it is preferable that the sample system further includes a soluble organic component removing device that removes a soluble organic component of the gas. This is a soluble organic component removing device that removes soluble organic components of gas between the PM generator side of the storage chamber and the opposite side of the PM generator, and the particle size distribution measuring device. It has that. In addition, when it has a diluter, it is preferable to provide the soluble organic component removal apparatus in the exit side (side of a particle size distribution measuring apparatus) of the diluter. As a preferable device for removing soluble organic components, specifically, a thermo denuder (model TD3) manufactured by Dekati, a thermo denuder (model 3065) manufactured by TSI, and a thermodyle manufactured by Matter. -T (model ASET15-1) etc. can be mentioned. Note that the soluble organic component removing device is not necessary when the soluble organic component in the gas that generates PM is small.

  In the filter evaluation system according to the present invention, it is preferable that the particle size distribution measuring apparatus can measure the particle size distribution of PM in the gas in the range of the particle size of 20 nm or more and 300 nm or less. The particle size distribution measuring apparatus is preferably one that can sample (collect) a gas to be measured at a high speed.

  Next, according to the present invention, using any one of the above-described filter evaluation systems, the filter is stored in the storage chamber, and in the PM generator, the fuel is introduced into the fuel combustion air, and the excess air ratio λ is set. Specifically, intermittently injecting and burning, generating particulate matter (PM) having a specific particle size distribution in the gas, and supplying the gas that generated the PM to the filter; A method for evaluating a filter comprising: measuring a particle size distribution of PM in each of the gas before passing through the filter and the gas passing through the filter with a particle size distribution measuring device is provided. The

  Measuring the particle size distribution of PM in the gas includes measuring the PN for each particle size (range). When the filter evaluation system has a diluter, the gas can be diluted before measurement by the particle size distribution measuring device. By diluting, for example, when the amount of PM generated by the PM generator is large, it is possible to avoid the measurement range over in the particle size distribution measuring apparatus. In addition, when the filter evaluation system has a soluble organic component removing device, the soluble organic component in the gas can be removed before measurement by the particle size distribution measuring device.

  In the filter evaluation system and the filter evaluation method according to the present invention, light oil or propane gas can be used as the fuel. A more preferred fuel is light oil.

  According to the filter evaluation system and the filter evaluation method according to the present invention, using a PM generator, fuel is injected into fuel combustion air by specifying an excess air ratio λ, intermittently injected, and burned. PM having a specific particle size distribution can be generated in the gas. Therefore, by adjusting the excess air ratio λ, it is possible to immediately generate a PM-containing gas having a particle size distribution equivalent to that of exhaust gas discharged from a diesel engine vehicle operated in the NEDC mode. Is possible. Therefore, the PM-containing gas having a particle size distribution equivalent to the particle size distribution of the exhaust gas discharged from the diesel engine vehicle operated in the NEDC mode is immediately put into the filter without taking much time as in the NEDC mode. Can be supplied. Then, the particle size distribution measuring device can measure PN (particle number, number of particles) on the inlet side of the filter (before passing through the filter) and on the outlet side of the filter (after passing through the filter). The PM particle size distribution can be adjusted so as to show substantially the same distribution as the PM particle size distribution in an actual vehicle based on the PN measurement method by PMP. Therefore, according to the filter evaluation system and the filter evaluation method according to the present invention, in a short time, before and after passing through the DPF (filter) under the same conditions as when using the PN measurement method by PMP. It is possible to measure the PN of the gas, thereby evaluating the PN removal capability of the DPF (filter). Therefore, development of DPF (filter) is promoted, and as a result, the amount of PM released into the atmosphere of automobiles and the like is reduced, contributing to environmental improvement.

  Further, according to the filter evaluation system and the filter evaluation method according to the present invention, the PN removal capability of the GPF (filter) can also be evaluated. Diesel engine cars and gasoline engine cars differ in light oil and gasoline fuel and in the amount of PM generated in exhaust gas. However, when operating in NEDC mode, the PM particle size distribution of both is This is because they substantially match.

It is a lineblock diagram showing one embodiment of a filter evaluation system concerning the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows other embodiment of the filter evaluation system which concerns on this invention. It is a block diagram which shows other embodiment of the filter evaluation system which concerns on this invention. It is a block diagram which shows other embodiment of the filter evaluation system which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows one Embodiment of PM generator which comprises the filter evaluation system which concerns on this invention, and is a top view. FIG. 3 is a side view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2. It is sectional drawing which shows PP cross section in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the QQ cross section in FIG. It is a perspective view which decomposes | disassembles and represents the inside of PM generator shown by FIG. It is a figure which shows the same cross section as FIG. 5, and is sectional drawing which expanded the housing | casing part and simplified and drawn the light oil injection means. It is a graph which shows the preconditioning period in NEDC mode. It is a graph which shows the measurement (measurement) period in NEDC mode. It is a figure which shows the result of Example 1 and the reference example 1, and is a graph showing the particle size distribution (left vertical axis | shaft) of PM in the gas which generate | occur | produced PM. It is a figure which shows the result of Example 2 and Reference Example 1, and is a graph showing the particle size distribution (left vertical axis) of PM in the gas in which PM is generated. It is a figure which shows the result of Example 3 and Reference Example 1, and is a graph showing the particle size distribution (left vertical axis) of PM in the gas in which PM is generated. It is a figure which shows the result of Example 4 and the reference example 1, and is a graph showing the particle size distribution (left-hand vertical axis | shaft) of PM in the gas which generated PM. It is a figure which shows the result of Example 5 and the reference example 1, and is a graph showing the particle size distribution (left vertical axis | shaft) of PM in the gas which generate | occur | produced PM. It is a figure which shows the result of Example 6 and Reference Example 1, and is a graph showing the particle size distribution (left vertical axis) of PM in the gas in which PM is generated. It is a figure which shows the result of Example 7 and the reference example 1, and is a graph showing the particle size distribution (left vertical axis | shaft) of PM in the gas which generated PM. It is a figure which shows the result of Example 8 and the reference example 1, and is a graph showing the particle size distribution (left vertical axis | shaft) of PM in the gas which generated PM. It is a figure which shows the result of Example 9 and the reference example 1, and is a graph showing the particle size distribution (left vertical axis | shaft) of PM in the gas which generated PM. It is a figure which shows the result of Example 10 and Reference Example 1, and is a graph showing the particle size distribution (left vertical axis) of PM in the gas in which PM is generated. It is a figure for demonstrating PN ratio, and is a graph which shows an example of the change for every time progress of PM density | concentration in PM containing gas in the entrance side (before processing with PDF) of DPF. It is a figure for demonstrating PN ratio, and is a graph which shows an example of the change for every time progress of PM concentration in PM containing gas in the exit side (after processing with PDF) of DPF. It is a figure for demonstrating PN ratio, PM at the DPF exit side (after processing with PDF), PM change in PM content gas in every time passage, and PM at the entrance side of DPF (before processing with PDF) It is a graph which shows an example of the change for every time passage of PM concentration in contained gas. It is a figure which shows the result of Examples 11-16, and PM density | concentration of the whole particle size range of PM after processing the gas which generated PM with the PM generator which comprises the filter evaluation system which concerns on this invention with DPF It is a graph which shows the change for every time progress (0 to 60 second). It is a figure which shows the result of Examples 11-16, and PM density | concentration of the whole particle size range of PM after processing the gas which generated PM with the PM generator which comprises the filter evaluation system which concerns on this invention with DPF It is a graph which shows the change for every time progress (0-500 second). It is a figure which shows the result of Example 17, PN ratio obtained with the filter evaluation system according to the present invention, and PN emission of exhaust gas discharged from a diesel engine vehicle measured by a PN measurement method compliant with PMP; It is a graph showing the correlation. It is a figure which shows the result of Example 18, and is the PN ratio obtained with the filter evaluation system which concerns on this invention, and the PN emission of the exhaust gas discharged | emitted from the diesel engine vehicle measured by the PN measuring method based on PMP, It is a graph showing the correlation. It is a figure which shows the result of Example 19, and the PN ratio obtained with the filter evaluation system which concerns on this invention, and the PN emission of the exhaust gas discharged | emitted from the diesel engine vehicle measured by the PN measuring method based on PMP, It is a graph showing the correlation. It is a figure which shows the result of Example 20, and is the PN ratio obtained with the filter evaluation system which concerns on this invention, and the PN emission of the exhaust gas discharged | emitted from the diesel engine vehicle measured by the PN measuring method based on PMP, It is a graph showing the correlation. It is a figure which shows the result of Example 21, and PN ratio obtained with the filter evaluation system which concerns on this invention, PN emission of the exhaust gas discharged | emitted from the diesel engine vehicle measured by the PN measuring method based on PMP, It is a graph showing the correlation. It is a figure which shows the result of Example 22, PN ratio obtained with the filter evaluation system which concerns on this invention, PN emission of the exhaust gas discharged | emitted from the diesel engine vehicle measured by the PN measuring method based on PMP, It is a graph showing the correlation. It is a figure which shows the result of the reference example 15, and is a graph showing the particle size distribution of PM in the exhaust gas of a diesel engine vehicle and a gasoline engine vehicle. It is a figure which shows the result of Examples 34-40, and PM density | concentration of the whole particle size range of PM after processing the gas which generated PM with the PM generator which comprises the filter evaluation system which concerns on this invention by GPF It is a graph which shows the change for every time progress (0-500 second). It is a figure which shows the result of Example 41, and the PN ratio obtained with the filter evaluation system which concerns on this invention, and the PN emission of the exhaust gas discharged | emitted from the gasoline engine vehicle measured by the PN measuring method based on PMP, It is a graph showing the correlation.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate, but the present invention should not be construed as being limited thereto. Various changes, modifications, improvements, and substitutions can be added based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, the drawings show preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited by the modes shown in the drawings or the information shown in the drawings. In practicing or verifying the present invention, the same means as described in this specification or equivalent means can be applied, but preferred means are those described below. As described above, the more preferable fuel is light oil. Therefore, in the following description, the fuel is replaced with light oil.

  First, a filter evaluation system according to the present invention will be described with reference to an embodiment thereof. The filter evaluation system 100A includes a PM generator 10 and a storage chamber 90 that stores a PF (for example, DPF or GPF) (see FIG. 1A). The PM generator 10 and the storage chamber 90 are connected by a pipe 97, and the outlet side (the right side in FIG. 1A) of the storage chamber 90 is also configured by the pipe 97. The gas generated by the PM generator 10 flows (in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 1A) and is supplied to the storage chamber 90 (to the PF therein) in use (pipe 97). Is discharged from the system.

  Respective sample systems 95, 96 are provided on the inlet side (left side in FIG. 1A) and the outlet side (right side in FIG. 1A) of the storage chamber 90. The sample systems 95, 96 include a diluter that dilutes the gas. 91 and 92 are provided, and are connected to the particle size distribution measuring devices 93 and 94 through them. Part of the PM-containing gas on the inlet side and outlet side of the storage chamber 90 (PF) (sample gas) is appropriately diluted by the diluters 91 and 92 and then supplied to the particle size distribution measuring devices 93 and 94. The particle size distribution of PM in each gas is measured. That is, according to the filter evaluation system 100A, the number of particles for each particle size of PM in the PM-containing gas itself before being treated with PF, and the size of each particle size of PM in the PM-containing gas after being treated with PF. It is possible to measure the number of particles. In addition, in this specification, although the gas after processing by PF may also be called PM containing gas, PM is removed substantially by PM removal capability of PF. The particle size distribution measuring devices 93 and 94 are devices based on the principle of classifying PM by electric mobility and measuring the particle size distribution based on the quantity of electricity of the classified PM.

  The PM generator 10 constituting the filter evaluation system 100A is an apparatus including the light oil injection means 3 that intermittently injects the light oil 131 and the combustion chamber 1 that generates combustion (see FIGS. 2 to 7). The PM generator 10 continuously supplies light oil combustion air 132 from the air inlet 113 to the combustion chamber 1, and by intermittently injecting light oil 131 into the combustion chamber 1 by the light oil injection means 3. A gas oil mixture is generated, and this gas oil mixture burns in the combustion chamber 1 from the side (outside) in contact with the light oil combustion air, so the light oil on the side not in contact with the light oil combustion air (inside) is light oil. It is a device that is cut off from the combustion air, becomes steamed by the heat of combustion, and generates PM in the exhaust gas. That is, the PM generator 10 is an apparatus capable of producing a gas that generates PM (PM-containing gas 133).

  In the light oil injection means 3 of the PM generator 10, the injection direction (see FIG. 7) of the light oil 131 injected by itself is approximately perpendicular to the central axis direction (lateral direction in FIG. 6) of the cylindrical outer cylinder portion 6. And provided in the housing 5 so as to be inclined in a tangential direction of a cross section (circular or annular) perpendicular to the central axis direction of the outer cylinder 6 (see FIGS. 5 and 7). As the light oil injection means 3, for example, an electromagnetic injector capable of intermittently injecting light oil 131 into the space 101 between the casing 5 and the outer cylinder 6 is employed.

  The combustion chamber 1 of the PM generator 10 is divided into two at a dividing surface 53 and can be opened inside, and an outer cylinder housed in a cylindrical portion 5a of the casing 5 A ring 4 that holds the part 6, the inner cylinder part 7, and the outer cylinder part 6 is provided. The outer cylindrical portion 6 has a cylindrical shape, is incorporated in the cylindrical portion 5a of the casing portion 5 so as to be coaxial with the cylindrical portion 5a of the casing portion 5, and further, the cylindrical inner cylindrical portion 7 is incorporated in the outer cylinder portion 6 so as to have the same center axis direction as the outer cylinder portion 6 and eccentrically (see FIGS. 4 and 5). A temperature measuring device 23 is attached to the casing 5 of the combustion chamber 1 so that the temperature inside the wall of the combustion chamber 1 can be measured. The tip of the temperature measuring device 23 is not in contact with the front plate portion 8. A preferable thermometer 23 is a thermocouple.

  In the combustion chamber 1 of the PM generator 10, the cylindrical outer cylinder portion 6 communicates with an air inlet 113 to which light oil combustion air is supplied, and the cylindrical inner cylinder portion 7 directly communicates with the air inlet 113. It does not communicate, but communicates with the flame inlet 51 leading to the pilot burner 2 (see FIG. 4). The length in the central axis direction of the outer cylinder portion 6, the front plate portion 8, and the rear plate portion 9 is the length D in the central axis direction inside the cylindrical portion 5a of the housing portion 5 (see FIG. 4). On the other hand, it is 98%. In other words, the ratio of the length in the central axis direction of the outer cylinder portion 6, the front plate portion 8, and the rear plate portion 9 to the axial length D of the cylindrical portion 5a of the housing portion 5 is 98: 100.

  The casing 5 is formed with a flame inlet 51 that leads to the pilot burner 2 and a gas outlet 52 that sends out gas that has generated PM, and the front plate 8 includes an opening 81 that leads to the gas outlet 52. It is incorporated in the cylindrical part 5a of the part 5 to constitute an end face on the gas outlet 52 side, and the rear plate part 9 is provided with an opening 89 leading to the flame inlet 51, and the inside of the cylindrical part 5a of the housing part 5 And constitutes an end face on the flame inlet 51 side. The diameter C of the gas outlet 52 is 25% of the inner diameter A of the outer cylinder portion 6 (see FIG. 4). In other words, the ratio C: A between the diameter C of the gas outlet 52 and the inner diameter A of the outer cylinder portion 6 is 25: 100. In the combustion chamber 1, the front plate portion 8 and the outer cylinder portion 6 are not integrated, but the rear plate portion 9 and the inner cylinder portion 7 are integrated. Further, a gasket 301 is inserted between the ring 4 and the casing 5, and a non-expanded ceramic fibrous mat (not shown) is inserted between the rear plate 9 and the casing 5.

  In the combustion chamber 1, the outer cylinder portion 6 includes a through hole 61 on its peripheral surface. The through hole 61 is provided so as to form three layers in the central axis direction (lateral direction in FIG. 6) of the cylindrical outer cylinder portion 6, and the central axis direction of the cylindrical outer cylinder portion 6 is provided for each layer. Four are arranged at equal intervals (so that the central angle is 90 °) on the circumference of the cross section perpendicular to the vertical axis. That is, the outer cylinder portion 6 is provided with a total of (3 × 4 =) 12 through holes 61. The through holes 61 of the outer cylinder part 6 are all formed to be inclined in the tangential direction (direction of the peripheral surface of the outer cylinder part) of the cross section (circular or annular shape) perpendicular to the central axis direction of the outer cylinder part 6. As a result of the through hole 61 being inclined (see FIG. 5), an elliptical opening is formed on the surface of the outer cylinder portion 6 (see FIG. 6). The diameter B of the through hole 61 is 7% of the inner diameter A of the outer cylinder portion 6 (see FIG. 5). In other words, the ratio B: A between the diameter B of the through-hole 61 and the inner diameter A of the outer cylinder portion 6 is 7: 100. As shown in FIG. 5, the diameter B of the through hole 61 is not determined by the elliptical opening on the surface of the outer cylinder portion 6, but the diameter of the cross section perpendicular to the central axis direction of the through hole 61 itself. As required.

  On the other hand, the inner cylinder part 7 is provided with a through hole 71 on its peripheral surface. The through-hole 71 is provided so as to form two layers in the central axis direction (lateral direction in FIG. 6) of the cylindrical inner cylinder portion 7, and the central axis direction of the cylindrical inner cylinder portion 7 is provided for each layer. Four are arranged at equal intervals (so that the central angle is 90 °) on the circumference of the cross section perpendicular to the vertical axis. That is, the inner cylinder portion 7 is provided with a total of (2 × 4 =) 8 through holes 71. The through-holes 71 of the inner cylinder part 7 are not formed to be inclined at all, and the normal direction (from the circumferential surface to the central axis) of the cross section (circular or annular shape) perpendicular to the central axis direction of the inner cylinder part 7 (See FIG. 5), and as a result, a circular opening is formed on the surface of the inner cylinder portion 7 (see FIG. 6).

  In the PM generator 10, the outer cylinder portion 6 communicates with an air inlet 113 to which light oil combustion air is supplied, and the cylindrical inner cylinder portion 7 does not communicate directly with the air inlet 113. The pilot burner 2 (the flame inlet 51 leading to) communicates with (see FIG. 4). The light oil 131 injected into the space 101 between the casing 5 and the outer cylinder 6 by the light oil injection means 3 is vaporized, and the outer cylinder 6 and the inner cylinder via the through hole 61 of the outer cylinder 6. 7 is introduced into the space 102 between the two and burned. At this time, since the light oil injection means 3 is provided in the housing part 5 so that the injection direction of the light oil 131 is inclined as described above, the light oil injection means 3 is provided between the housing part 5 and the outer cylinder part 6. The light oil injected into the space 101 is introduced into the space 102 between the outer cylinder part 6 and the inner cylinder part 7 through the through hole 61 of the outer cylinder part 6 while going around the peripheral surface of the outer cylinder part 6. (See FIG. 7).

  The light oil combustion air 132 continuously supplied from the air inlet 113 to the space 101 between the casing 5 and the outer cylinder 6 travels around the peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 6 and passes through the through hole 61 of the outer cylinder 6. Is introduced into the space 102 between the outer cylinder part 6 and the inner cylinder part 7 (see FIG. 7). The light oil 131 intermittently injected into the space 101 between the casing 5 and the outer cylinder 6 passes through the through hole 61 of the outer cylinder 6 while rotating around the outer surface of the outer cylinder 6. The gas oil introduced into the space 102 between the outer cylinder portion 6 and the inner cylinder portion 7 is in contact with the light oil combustion air 132 (outer side), and the non-contact side (inner side) light oil is cut off from the air, It becomes steamed by the heat of combustion, PM is generated, becomes PM-containing gas 133, and is supplied from the gas outlet 52 to an exhaust gas purification device or the like. In the PM generator 10, the outer cylinder portion 6, the inner cylinder portion 7, the front plate portion 8, and the rear plate portion 9 are all formed of Inconel material, and the incomplete combustion that generates the PM is all It occurs in a space surrounded by a member made of Inconel material. The air inlet 113 is provided in the vicinity of the light oil injection means 3 and has a structure that is convenient from the viewpoint of compactness of the apparatus and improvement of maintenance.

  PM generator 10 shall be formed with ceramic material (silicon nitride) instead of forming all of outer cylinder part 6, inner cylinder part 7, front board part 8, and rear board part 9 with inconel material. You can also. When the ceramic material (silicon nitride) is used in this way, the durability performance of the PM generator 10 is improved. Furthermore, since the ceramic material is less susceptible to thermal deformation than the metal material, there is an advantage that it is possible to prevent a decrease in the amount of PM generated due to the thermal deformation.

  Here, using the coordinate axes shown in FIG. 7, the position of the light oil injection means 3 and the through hole 61 in the PM generator 10, and the direction in which the central axis of the inner cylindrical portion 7 deviates from the central axis of the outer cylindrical portion 6. Will be described. The coordinate axes in FIG. 7 are made up of an X axis and a Y axis set so as to pass through the central axis and make a right angle to each other in a cross section perpendicular to the central axis direction of the cylindrical portion of the casing 5.

  In the PM generator 10, when the inner wall of the cylindrical portion of the casing 5 is located at Y = + 100 on the coordinate axis, the light oil injection means 3 is in the position of Y = + 60 and the light oil is injected. The casing 5 is provided so that the direction is parallel to the X axis. The position where the through hole 61a which is one of the through holes 61 of the outer cylinder part 6 is provided is a position of Y = + 70. As described above, the outer cylinder part 6 and the inner cylinder part 7 are eccentric, but this is realized by the center axis of the inner cylinder part 7 being shifted from the center axis of the outer cylinder part 6 to the -Y side. Yes. That is, the light oil injection means 3 is provided on the + Y side on the coordinate axis, and the outer cylinder portion 6 and the inner cylinder portion 7 are decentered on the opposite -Y side. In the PM generator 10, the angle θ formed by the through hole 61 a that is one of the through holes 61 of the outer cylinder portion 6, the origin O of the coordinate axis, and the light oil injection means 3 is 27 °. .

  Next, the filter evaluation system according to the present invention will be described with reference to other embodiments. The filter evaluation system 100B shown in FIG. 1B differs from the filter evaluation system 100A in the following points, and is otherwise the same filter evaluation system. That is, in the filter evaluation system 100B, there is one particle size distribution measuring device (for example, the particle size distribution measuring device 94) and one diluter (for example, the diluter 92). A switching valve 141 (three-way valve) is provided at the confluence of the sample systems 95 and 96. By operating this switching valve 141, part of the PM-containing gas (sample gas) on the inlet side or outlet side of the storage chamber 90 (PF) can be supplied to the particle size distribution measuring device 94, and the gas The particle size distribution of PM can be measured.

  The filter evaluation system 100C shown in FIG. 1C is different from the filter evaluation system 100A in that a pipe 97 between the PM generator 10 and the storage chamber 90 is provided with a blow valve 144 (three-way valve), and the rest is the same. It is a filter evaluation system. By operating this blow valve 144, when the gas that generates PM output from the PM generator 10 is unstable (for example, at the start-up stage), the gas is released out of the filter evaluation system. I can do it.

  The filter evaluation system 100D shown in FIG. 1D is different from the filter evaluation system 100A in that a soluble organic component removing device 98 is provided in the sample system 95 and a soluble organic component removing device 99 is provided in the sample system 96. Different, otherwise the same filter evaluation system. By these soluble organic component removing devices 98 and 99, soluble organic components in the sample gas can be removed.

  Next, the filter (PF) evaluation method according to the present invention will be described by taking as an example the case of using the filter evaluation system 100A. When evaluating the PF, the PF is stored in the storage chamber 90. Then, in the PM generator 10, the light oil 131 is injected intermittently into the light oil combustion air 132 by specifying the excess air ratio λ, and preferably burned at a temperature of 750 ° C. or higher and 1050 ° C. or lower. In the gas, PM having a specific particle size distribution is generated, and the gas in which the PM is generated is supplied to the PF.

  Light oil injection pressure, light valve opening time (light oil injection time), valve opening period (light oil injection period), duty ratio (Duty ratio), and light oil combustion air flow rate by the light oil injection means 3 provided in the PM generator 10 , The excess air ratio λ can be specified or changed. The duty ratio is a ratio between the valve opening time and the valve opening cycle, and is expressed by valve opening time / valve opening cycle. When the valve is opened, the light oil is injected, and when the valve is closed, the injection of the light oil is stopped (not injected). For example, the excess air ratio λ can be adjusted by fixing the valve opening cycle and changing the valve opening time. However, the adjustment amount of the excess air ratio λ according to the valve opening time is small, and it is easier to adjust the opening period when specifying or changing the excess air ratio λ.

  When the excess air ratio λ is changed, the particle size distribution of the PM generated in the gas changes. Therefore, if the excess air ratio λ is adjusted, the exhaust gas discharged from the automobile after driving in the NEDC mode is changed. It is possible to immediately generate a PM-containing gas having a particle size distribution equivalent to the particle size distribution.

  The excess air ratio λ (lambda) is a ratio indicating how far the actual air-fuel ratio is away from the theoretical value, and the excess air ratio λ is (the amount of air supplied (for light oil combustion)) / ( The amount of air theoretically required (for light oil combustion). If λ <1, the air is insufficient (although it is referred to as excess air ratio λ in the present specification as described above), and the mixture is rich. On the other hand, if λ> 1, the air is excessive and the mixture is lean. The excess air ratio λ can also be calculated based on the amount of light oil supplied to the light oil combustion chamber and the flow rate of the light oil combustion air for a certain time (for example, 1 minute).

  The particle size distribution measuring devices 93 and 94 measure the particle size distribution (PN for each particle size) of PM in the gas before passing through the PF and the gas passing through the PF. For example, the PN removal capability of PF can be confirmed (for each particle size), and it is possible to evaluate the PF.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

(Example 1) Using the filter evaluation system 100A, a PM-containing gas is produced, supplied to the storage chamber 90 containing the DPF, and contained on the inlet side of the storage chamber 90 (before being treated with the DPF) The gas was diluted with a diluter 91 and introduced into the particle size distribution measuring device 93 to measure the particle size distribution of PM. As the diluter 91, model number MD19-2E manufactured by Matter was used, and the dilution factor was 200 times. As the particle size distribution measuring device 93, model number 3091 (FMPS) manufactured by TSI was used. The light oil injection pressure by the light oil injection means 3 provided in the PM generator 10 is 0.25 MPa, and the valve opening time (light oil injection time) is 1.7 msec. (Milliseconds), valve opening cycle (light oil injection cycle) is 50 msec. (Milliseconds), the duty ratio is 3.4%, and the flow rate of the light oil combustion air sent to the light oil combustion chamber 1 is 0.216 Nm ³ / min. (Min), the excess air ratio λ is set to 0.96, and secondary air is applied to the downstream side of the light oil combustion chamber 1 (not shown in FIG. 1A but of the PM generator 10), and the total amount The air flow rate is 1.0 Nm ³ / min. (Minutes). These are conditions aimed at generating 4 g of PM per hour. The results are shown in FIG. 9A.

(Example 2) Targeting the generation of 3 g of PM per hour, the light oil injection pressure is 0.25 MPa, the valve opening time (light oil injection time) is 2.4 milliseconds, and the valve opening cycle (light oil injection cycle). ) For 50 milliseconds (duty ratio is 4.8%), and the flow rate of light oil combustion air is 0.315 Nm ³ / min. The excess air ratio λ is 1.21, secondary air is applied to the downstream side of the light oil combustion chamber 1, and the total air flow is 2.27 Nm ³ / min. PM-containing gas was produced. Except for these, the particle size distribution of PM in the PM-containing gas on the inlet side of the storage chamber 90 was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The result is shown in FIG. 9B.

(Example 3) Targeting the generation of 4 g of PM per hour, the light oil injection pressure is 0.25 MPa, the valve opening time (light oil injection time) is 4.6 milliseconds, the valve opening cycle (light oil injection cycle) ) For 50 milliseconds (the duty ratio is 9.2%, the flow rate of light oil combustion air is .355 Nm ³ / min., The excess air ratio λ is 1.14, and the light oil combustion chamber is Secondary air was applied to the downstream side of No. 1 to produce a PM-containing gas with a total air flow rate of 2.27 Nm ³ / min. The particle size distribution of PM in the PM-containing gas was measured, and the results are shown in FIG.

(Example 4) Targeting the generation of 6 g of PM per hour, the light oil injection pressure is 0.25 MPa, the valve opening time (light oil injection time) is 2.4 milliseconds, and the valve opening cycle (light oil injection cycle). ) For 50 milliseconds (duty ratio is 4.8%), and the flow rate of air for burning light oil is 0.301 Nm ³ / min. The excess air ratio λ is 1.11, secondary air is applied to the downstream side of the light oil combustion chamber 1, and the total air flow is 2.27 Nm ³ / min. PM-containing gas was produced. Except for these, the particle size distribution of PM in the PM-containing gas on the inlet side of the storage chamber 90 was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The result is shown in FIG. 9D.

(Example 5) Targeting the generation of 4 g of PM per hour, the light oil injection pressure is 0.25 MPa, the valve opening time (light oil injection time) is 2.7 milliseconds, the valve opening cycle (light oil injection cycle) ) For 50 milliseconds (duty ratio is 5.4%), and the flow rate of air for burning light oil is 0.294 Nm ³ / min. The excess air ratio λ is 1.22, secondary air is applied to the downstream side of the light oil combustion chamber 1, and the total air flow rate is 4.0 Nm ³ / min. PM-containing gas was produced. Except for these, the particle size distribution of PM in the PM-containing gas on the inlet side of the storage chamber 90 was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The result is shown in FIG. 9E.

(Example 6) Targeting the generation of 6 g of PM per hour, the light oil injection pressure is 0.25 MPa, the valve opening time (light oil injection time) is 2.0 milliseconds, the valve opening cycle (light oil injection cycle) ) For 50 milliseconds (duty ratio is 4.0%), and the flow rate of light oil combustion air is 0.217 Nm ³ / min. The excess air ratio λ is 1.10, secondary air is applied to the downstream side of the light oil combustion chamber 1, and the total air flow rate is 4.0 Nm ³ / min. PM-containing gas was produced. Except for these, the particle size distribution of PM in the PM-containing gas on the inlet side of the storage chamber 90 was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The result is shown in FIG. 9F.

(Example 7) With the goal of generating 10 g of PM per hour, the light oil injection pressure is 0.25 MPa, the valve opening time (light oil injection time) is 2.1 milliseconds, and the valve opening cycle (light oil injection cycle) ) For 50 milliseconds (duty ratio is 4.2%), and the flow rate of light oil combustion air is 0.270 Nm ³ / min. The excess air ratio λ is 1.17, the secondary air is applied to the downstream side of the light oil combustion chamber 1, and the total air flow rate is 4.0 Nm ³ / min. PM-containing gas was produced. Except for these, the particle size distribution of PM in the PM-containing gas on the inlet side of the storage chamber 90 was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The result is shown in FIG. 9G.

(Example 8) With the goal of generating 6 g of PM per hour, the light oil injection pressure is 0.25 MPa, the valve opening time (light oil injection time) is 2.1 milliseconds, and the valve opening cycle (light oil injection cycle) ) For 50 milliseconds (duty ratio is 4.2%), and the flow rate of light oil combustion air is 0.272 Nm ³ / min. The excess air ratio λ is 1.11, secondary air is applied to the downstream side of the light oil combustion chamber 1, and the total air flow is 5.5 Nm ³ / min. PM-containing gas was produced. Except for these, the particle size distribution of PM in the PM-containing gas on the inlet side of the storage chamber 90 was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The result is shown in FIG. 9H.

(Example 9) Targeting the generation of 10 g of PM per hour, the light oil injection pressure is 0.25 MPa, the valve opening time (light oil injection time) is 2.2 milliseconds, and the valve opening cycle (light oil injection cycle) ) For 50 milliseconds (duty ratio is 4.4%), and the flow rate of air for light oil combustion is 0.270 Nm ³ / min. The excess air ratio λ is set to 1.08, secondary air is applied to the downstream side of the light oil combustion chamber 1, and the total air flow is 5.5 Nm ³ / min. PM-containing gas was produced. Except for these, the particle size distribution of PM in the PM-containing gas on the inlet side of the storage chamber 90 was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in FIG. 9I.

(Example 10) Targeting the generation of 14 g of PM per hour, the light oil injection pressure is 0.25 MPa, the valve opening time (light oil injection time) is 2.5 milliseconds, the valve opening cycle (light oil injection cycle) ) For 50 milliseconds (the duty ratio is 5.0%), and the flow rate of the air for burning light oil is 0.245 Nm ³ / min. The excess air ratio λ is set to 0.91, secondary air is applied to the downstream side of the light oil combustion chamber 1, and the total air flow is set to 5.5 Nm ³ / min. PM-containing gas was produced. Except for these, the particle size distribution of PM in the PM-containing gas on the inlet side of the storage chamber 90 was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in FIG. 9J.

  (Reference Example 1) A 2.0-liter (Euro 4 compliant) diesel engine vehicle (actual vehicle, CRIA manufactured by Kia Motors) equipped with a DPF is operated in NEDC mode compliant with PMP, and exhausted at the DPF inlet side Gas was collected. And the particle size distribution of PM was measured using the same particle size distribution measuring apparatus as Example 1 by making object into the exhaust gas. The results are shown in FIGS. 9A to 9J so that the results can be compared with Examples 1 to 10.

(Discussion 1) The particle size distribution is a PM concentration for each particle size, and this PM concentration [pieces / cm ³ ] is a PN per unit volume. From the results shown in FIGS. 9A to 9J, if the PM generator 10 is operated under a specific condition (excess air ratio λ) using the filter evaluation system 100A according to the present invention, the PM generator 10 is supplied. PM particle size distribution (PN for each particle size) in PM-containing gas, PM particle size distribution (PN for each particle size) in exhaust gas obtained by operating a diesel engine vehicle in NEDC mode compliant with PMP It can be seen that it can be substantially equivalent. In the present specification (including figures and tables), a conventional display for a computer may be used as an index display. For example, 1.0 × 10 ⁵ is represented as 1.0E + 5, and both are 100,000.

  [PM Concentration Behavior] An example of the change in the PM concentration of the DPF on the inlet side and the outlet side over time is as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B. This is an example of data that records changes in PM concentration over time on the DPF inlet side and outlet side from the beginning of use in a new (or regenerated) DPF using the filter evaluation system 100A. . As shown in FIG. 10A, the PM concentration on the inlet side of the DPF is substantially constant. However, as shown in FIG. 10B, the PM concentration on the outlet side of the DPF is initially high, and gradually increases. Reduce. As shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the (new) DPF has pores with a size exceeding the size of the PM, and initially, PM leaks from the pores, gradually, The pores are filled with PM, and PM is supplemented by pores having a size equal to or smaller than the size of PM.

  FIG. 11 shows another example of the change in the PM concentration at the entrance side and the exit side of the DPF over time. This is an example of data in which changes in PM concentration over time at the outlet side or the inlet side of the DPF are recorded by operating the switching valve using the filter evaluation system 100B. FIG. 11 shows a change in PM concentration over time at the outlet side of the DPF (sample system 96) from the beginning of use in a new (or after regeneration) DPF. Next, the change of the PM concentration with the passage of time on the DPF inlet side (sample system 95) is shown. Similar to FIG. 10B, also in FIG. 11, the PM concentration on the outlet side of the DPF is initially high and gradually decreases. However, the PM concentration on the inlet side of the DPF is substantially constant even after the outlet side is reduced. That is, according to FIG. 11, the (new) DPF has pores having a size exceeding the size of PM, and in the initial stage, PM leaks from the pores, and gradually the pores by PM. It can be seen that PM is captured by pores smaller than the size of PM.

[PN Ratio] A value obtained by dividing the PM concentration per predetermined time on the outlet side of a PF (for example, DPF or GPF) by the PM concentration per same time on the inlet side of the PF is called a PN ratio. This is the ratio of the outlet side to the inlet side of the PF with respect to the number per unit volume (PM concentration). The PN can be calculated by multiplying the PM concentration per unit time by a predetermined time and the suction flow rate of the particle size distribution measuring device. Here, since the suction flow rates of the particle size distribution measuring apparatuses on the inlet side and the outlet side are set to be the same, the term of the suction flow rate can be substantially deleted when obtaining the PN. Therefore, in this specification, it will be called a PN ratio, not a PM concentration ratio. The PM concentration per predetermined time is obtained by PM concentration [piece / cm ³ ] × time [second (sec.)]. For example, based on FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B, if the PM concentration on the outlet side of the DPF is divided by the PM concentration on the inlet side of the DPF in the interval of 0 to 100 [seconds (sec.)], 0 to 100 [seconds]. (Sec.)] Is obtained. In addition, in the PN emission conforming to PMP, since the number is not counted when the PM particle size is 20 nm or less, the PM concentration here is also calculated on both the inlet side and the outlet side without counting the PM particle size of 20 nm or less. . When a diluter is used, the magnification is corrected at this calculation stage.

  [PN Emission] The PN per unit mileage of exhaust gas discharged from an actual diesel engine vehicle equipped with a DPF, measured by a PN measurement method compliant with PMP, is referred to as PN emission [# / km]. # Is the number of PMs. PMP is a means for evaluating DPF, but in this specification, GPF is also handled in the same manner. That is, the PN per unit mileage of exhaust gas discharged from an actual gasoline engine vehicle equipped with GPF, measured by a PN measurement method compliant with PMP, is also referred to as PN emission [# / km]. The PN measuring method based on PMP in this specification is a measuring method using a particle number measuring device sold by Tokyo Direc Co., Ltd. This particle number measuring apparatus includes a sample gas suction classifier PCF2.5 (CY2.5-1) manufactured by Matter, a diluter MD19-3E manufactured by Matter, a volatile component removing apparatus ASET15-1 manufactured by Matter, and TSI. It consists of an agglomerated particle counter CPC3790 made by the company and an interface CU-1ET made by Matter.

(Example 11) A DPF was stored in the storage chamber 90 using the filter evaluation system 100A. The DPF used is made of cordierite and has a cylindrical outer shape. The diameter is 143.8 mm, the axial length is 190.5 mm, the average porosity is 47.4%, and the average pore diameter is 10.4 μm. The cell shape (the shape of the cell perpendicular to the axial direction) is a quadrangle, the partition wall thickness is 0.356 mm, and the cell density is 300 cells / cm ² . Then, the PM-containing gas is manufactured by the filter evaluation system 100A, supplied to the storage chamber 90, and the PM-containing gas on the outlet side of the storage chamber 90 (after being processed by the DPF) is diluted by the diluter 92, Introduced into the distribution measuring device 94, the particle size distribution of PM was measured, and the PM concentration in the entire particle size range was determined every time. The results are shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B. Moreover, when the PN ratio in each section was obtained, 0 to 800 sec. 0.46% in the interval of 0 to 200 sec. In the section of 1.84%, 0 to 30 sec. In the section of 6.92%, 0 to 500 sec. In the interval of 0.74%, 0 to 100 sec. In the interval of 3.34%, 0 to 15 sec. It was 8.54% in the section. The conditions of the individual devices constituting the filter evaluation system 100A and the PM generator 10 for generating PM are the same as those in the first embodiment.

(Example 12) The DPF used was made of cordierite, and the outer shape thereof was a cylindrical shape. Its diameter was 143.8 mm, its axial length was 152.4 mm, its average porosity was 48.5%, and its average pore diameter was 13 .3 μm. The cell shape (cell shape on the plane perpendicular to the axial direction) is such that a large octagon and a small quadrangle are adjacent to each other, the partition wall thickness is 0.356 mm, and the cell density is 300 cells / cm ² . Except for this, in the same manner as in Example 11, the PM-containing gas was produced by the filter evaluation system 100A, the PM particle size distribution of the PM-containing gas after being treated with the DPF was measured, and the entire particle size range was measured. The PM concentration was determined every time. The results are shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B. Moreover, when the PN ratio in each section was obtained, 0 to 800 sec. In the interval of 0.80%, 0 to 200 sec. In the section of 3.18%, 0-30 sec. In the interval of 11.35%, 0 to 500 sec. In the section of 1.27%, 0 to 100 sec. In the interval of 5.57%, 0 to 15 sec. It was 13.72% in the section.

(Example 13) The DPF used was made of silicon carbide, and had an outer shape of a cylinder. The diameter was 143.8 mm, the shaft length was 152.4 mm, the average porosity was 50.1%, and the average pore diameter was 23. .1 μm. The cell shape (the shape of the cell perpendicular to the axial direction) is a quadrangle, the partition wall thickness is 0.305 mm, and the cell density is 300 cells / cm ² . Except for this, in the same manner as in Example 11, the PM-containing gas was produced by the filter evaluation system 100A, the PM particle size distribution of the PM-containing gas after being treated with the DPF was measured, and the entire particle size range was measured. The PM concentration was determined every time. The results are shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B. Moreover, when the PN ratio in each section was obtained, 0 to 800 sec. Is 8.00% and 0 to 200 sec. 31.90%, 0-30 sec. In the interval of 40.3%, 0 to 500 sec. In the section, 12.76%, 0 to 100 sec. In the interval of 32.40%, 0 to 15 sec. It was 41.48% in the section.

(Example 14) The DPF used was made of silicon carbide, and had an outer shape of a cylinder. The diameter was 143.8 mm, the axial length was 152.4 mm, the average porosity was 40.5%, and the average pore diameter was 14 .5 μm. The cell shape (the shape of the cell on the plane perpendicular to the axial direction) is such that a large octagon and a small quadrangle are adjacent to each other, the partition wall thickness is 0.305 mm, and the cell density is 300 cells / cm ² . Except for this, in the same manner as in Example 11, the PM-containing gas was produced by the filter evaluation system 100A, the PM particle size distribution of the PM-containing gas after being treated with the DPF was measured, and the entire particle size range was measured. The PM concentration was determined every time. The results are shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B. Moreover, when the PN ratio in each section was obtained, 0 to 800 sec. In the interval of 1.84%, 0 to 200 sec. In the interval of 7.34%, 0 to 30 sec. In the section, 20.72%, 0-500 sec. In the interval of 2.94%, 0 to 100 sec. In the section of 12.51%, 0 to 15 sec. It was 22.80% in the section.

  (Embodiment 15) A DPF of another individual having the same specification as that of Embodiment 14 is used, and other than this, PM-containing gas is produced by the filter evaluation system 100A and treated with the DPF in the same manner as in Embodiment 11. The particle size distribution of PM of the PM-containing gas after being measured was measured, and the PM concentration in the entire particle size range was obtained every time. The results are shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B. Moreover, when the PN ratio in each section was obtained, 0 to 800 sec. 1.95% and 0-200 sec. Is 7.74%, 0-30 sec. 21.27%, 0-500 sec. In the section of 3.09%, 0 to 100 sec. In the section, 13.01%, 0 to 15 sec. It was 22.63% in the section.

  (Example 16) The DPF used was obtained by forming a surface collection layer made of silicon carbide on the surface into which gas enters in the inner surface of the cell (the inner surface of the cell having an octagonal cell shape). Before forming the surface trapping layer, the average porosity is 40.1% and the average pore diameter is 14.5 μm. Other than this, the DPF has the same specifications as the DPF of the fourteenth embodiment. Then, in the same manner as in Example 11, a PM-containing gas was produced with the filter evaluation system 100A, the PM particle size distribution of the PM-containing gas after being treated with the DPF was measured, and the PM concentration in the entire particle size range Was obtained every time. The results are shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B. Moreover, when the PN ratio in each section was obtained, 0 to 800 sec. In the interval of 0.33%, 0 to 200 sec. In the section of 1.28%, 0-30 sec. In the interval of 5.78%, 0 to 500 sec. 0.51% and 0-100 sec. 2.38%, 0-15 sec. It was 7.65% in the section.

  (Consideration 2) FIG. 12A is an enlarged graph showing a part (initial) of FIG. 12B. As shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, according to Examples 11 to 16, it can be seen that the behavior of the PM concentration shows almost the same tendency in various DPFs. When the trapping layer is formed, the PM concentration is lower than the initial value and quickly decreases. Therefore, in a new DPF, PM leaks from pores having a size exceeding the size of PM, and gradually. It can be seen that the pores are filled with PM, and the PM is supplemented by pores smaller than the size of PM.

(Reference Example 2) A 2.0 L (Euro 4 compliant) diesel engine car (CRia made by Kia Motors) equipped with the same DPF as Example 11 was operated in NEDC mode compliant with PMP and treated with DPF. The PN emission of the exhaust gas was measured. The result was 1.65 × 10 ¹¹ [# / km].

(Reference Example 3) A 2.0 L (Euro 4 compliant) diesel engine vehicle (CRIA manufactured by Kia Motors) equipped with the same DPF as in Example 12 was operated in NEDC mode compliant with PMP and treated with DPF. The PN emission of the exhaust gas was measured. The result was 5.90 × 10 ¹¹ [# / km].

(Reference Example 4) A 2.0 L (Euro 4 compliant) diesel engine car (CRA made by Kia Motors) equipped with the same DPF as Example 13 was operated in NEDC mode compliant with PMP and treated with DPF. The PN emission of the exhaust gas was measured. The result was 7.00 × 10 ¹² [# / km].

(Reference Example 5) A 2.0 L (Euro 4 compliant) diesel engine vehicle (CRIA manufactured by Kia Motors) equipped with the same DPF as Example 14 was operated in NEDC mode compliant with PMP and treated with DPF. The PN emission of the exhaust gas was measured. The result was 9.25 × 10 ¹¹ [# / km].

(Reference Example 6) A 2.0 L (Euro 4 compliant) diesel engine vehicle (CRIA manufactured by Kia Motors) equipped with the same DPF as in Example 15 was operated in NEDC mode compliant with PMP and treated with DPF. The PN emission of the exhaust gas was measured. The result was 1.64 × 10 ¹² [# / km].

(Reference Example 7) A 2.0 L (Euro 4 compliant) diesel engine car (CRA made by Kia Motors) equipped with the same DPF as in Example 16 was operated in NEDC mode compliant with PMP and treated with DPF The PN emission of the exhaust gas was measured. The result was 2.06 × 10 ¹¹ [# / km].

(Example 17 (calculation example)) 0 to 800 sec. Obtained in Examples 11 to 16. The PN ratio in this section was plotted in FIG. 13A in association with the PN emissions [# / km] of Reference Examples 2 to 7 using the same DPF. The correlation coefficient R ² between the PN ratio and PN emission was found to be 0.9593.

(Example 18 (calculation example)) 0 to 200 sec. Obtained in Examples 11 to 16. The PN ratio in this section was plotted in FIG. 13B in association with the PN emissions [# / km] of Reference Examples 2 to 7 using the same DPF. The correlation coefficient R ² between the PN ratio and PN emission was determined to be 0.9574.

(Example 19 (calculation example)) 0 to 30 sec. Obtained in Examples 11 to 16. The PN ratio in this section was plotted in FIG. 13C in association with the PN emissions [# / km] of Reference Examples 2 to 7 using the same DPF. Then, place was 0.9457 for the correlation coefficient ^{R 2} between these PN ratio and PN emissions.

(Example 20 (calculation example)) 0 to 500 sec. Obtained in Examples 11 to 16. The PN ratio in this section was plotted in FIG. 13D in association with the PN emissions [# / km] of Reference Examples 2 to 7 using the same DPF. The correlation coefficient R ² between the PN ratio and PN emission was determined to be 0.9574.

(Example 21 (calculation example)) 0 to 100 sec. Obtained in Examples 11 to 16. The PN ratio in this section was plotted in FIG. 13E in association with the PN emissions [# / km] of Reference Examples 2 to 7 using the same DPF. Then, place was 0.9420 for the correlation coefficient ^{R 2} between these PN ratio and PN emissions.

(Example 22 (calculation example)) 0 to 15 sec. Obtained in Examples 11 to 16. The PN ratio in this section was plotted in FIG. 13F in association with the PN emissions [# / km] of Reference Examples 2 to 7 using the same DPF. Then, place was 0.9531 for the correlation coefficient ^{R 2} between these PN ratio and PN emissions.

(Example 23 (Example and calculation example)) The conditions of the PM generator 10 for generating PM (manufacturing the PM-containing gas) are set to a target of generating 4 g of PM per hour, and the injection pressure of light oil Is 0.25 MPa, valve opening time (light oil injection time) is 4.6 milliseconds, valve opening period (light oil injection period) is 50 milliseconds (duty ratio is 9.2%, for light oil combustion) the flow rate of air and .355Nm ³ / min., the excess air ratio λ to be 1.14, the downstream side of the diesel fuel combustion chamber 1 to grant the secondary air, the total air flow rate 2.27Nm ³ / Otherwise, the PN ratio and PN emission were obtained in the same manner as in Examples 11 to 16 and Reference Examples 2 to 7, and the PN in the section of 0 to 800 sec. Ratio and PN emissions The correlation coefficient ^{R 2} of, was 0.95.

Example 24 (Examples and Calculation Examples) 0 to 15 sec. The correlation coefficient R ² between the PN ratio and the PN emission in the section was determined to be 0.97. The other conditions are the same as in Example 23.

(Reference Example 8 (Examples and Calculation Examples)) The conditions of the PM generator 10 for generating PM (manufacturing PM-containing gas) are set to the target of generating 2 g of PM per hour, and the injection pressure of light oil Is 0.25 MPa, valve opening time (light oil injection time) is 2.4 milliseconds, valve opening period (light oil injection period) is 50 milliseconds (duty ratio is 4.8%), and light oil combustion The flow rate of working air is 0.300 Nm ³ / min. The excess air ratio λ is set to 1.26, secondary air is applied to the downstream side of the light oil combustion chamber 1, and the total air flow rate is 4.0 Nm ³ / min. It was. Except for this, the PN ratio and PN emission were obtained in the same manner as in Examples 11 to 16 and Reference Examples 2 to 7, and in the same manner as in Example 17, 0 to 800 sec. The correlation coefficient R ² between the PN ratio and the PN emission in the section was determined to be 0.71.

(Example 25 (Example and calculation example)) In the same manner as in Example 22, 0 to 15 sec. The correlation coefficient R ² between the PN ratio and the PN emission in the section was calculated to be 0.92. The other conditions are the same as in Reference Example 8.

(Reference Example 9 (Examples and Calculation Examples)) The conditions of the PM generator 10 for generating PM (manufacturing the PM-containing gas) are set to a target of generating 4 g of PM per hour, and the injection pressure of light oil Is 0.25 MPa, valve opening time (light oil injection time) is 2.7 milliseconds, valve opening period (light oil injection period) is 50 milliseconds (duty ratio is 5.4%), and light oil combustion The air flow rate is 0.294 Nm ³ / min. The excess air ratio λ is 1.22, secondary air is applied to the downstream side of the light oil combustion chamber 1, and the total air flow rate is 4.0 Nm ³ / min. I made it. Except for this, the PN ratio and PN emission were obtained in the same manner as in Examples 11 to 16 and Reference Examples 2 to 7, and in the same manner as in Example 17, 0 to 800 sec. The correlation coefficient R ² between the PN ratio and the PN emission in the section was calculated to be 0.96.

(Reference Example 10 (Examples and Calculation Examples)) 0 to 15 sec. The correlation coefficient R ² between the PN ratio and the PN emission in the section was determined to be 0.97. The other conditions are the same as in Reference Example 9.

(Example 26 (Examples and calculation examples)) The conditions of the PM generator 10 for generating PM (manufacturing the PM-containing gas) are set to the target of generating 6 g of PM per hour, and the injection pressure of light oil Is 0.25 MPa, valve opening time (light oil injection time) is 2.0 milliseconds, valve opening period (light oil injection period) is 50 milliseconds (duty ratio is 4.0%), and light oil combustion The air flow rate is 0.217 Nm ³ / min. The excess air ratio λ is 1.10, secondary air is applied to the downstream side of the light oil combustion chamber 1, and the total air flow rate is 4.0 Nm ³ / min. (Minutes). Except for this, the PN ratio and PN emission were obtained in the same manner as in Examples 11 to 16 and Reference Examples 2 to 7, and in the same manner as in Example 17, 0 to 800 sec. The correlation coefficient R ² between the PN ratio and the PN emission in the section was calculated to be 0.96.

(Example 27 (Examples and calculation examples)) 0 to 15 sec. The correlation coefficient R ² between the PN ratio and the PN emission in the section was determined to be 0.97. The other conditions are the same as in Example 26.

(Example 28 (Example and calculation example)) The conditions of the PM generator 10 for generating PM (manufacturing PM-containing gas) are set to the target of generating 10 g of PM per hour, and the injection pressure of light oil Is 0.25 MPa, valve opening time (light oil injection time) is 2.1 milliseconds, valve opening period (light oil injection period) is 50 milliseconds (duty ratio is 4.2%), and light oil combustion The flow rate of the working air is 0.270 Nm ³ / min. The excess air ratio λ is 1.17, the secondary air is applied to the downstream side of the light oil combustion chamber 1, and the total air flow rate is 4.0 Nm ³ / min. (Minutes). Except for this, the PN ratio and PN emission were obtained in the same manner as in Examples 11 to 16 and Reference Examples 2 to 7, and in the same manner as in Example 17, 0 to 800 sec. The correlation coefficient R ² between the PN ratio and the PN emission in the section was determined to be 0.97.

(Example 29 (Example and calculation example)) In the same manner as in Example 22, 0 to 15 sec. The correlation coefficient R ² between the PN ratio and the PN emission in the section was determined to be 0.98. The other conditions are the same as in Example 28.

(Example 30 (Examples and calculation examples)) The conditions of the PM generator 10 for generating PM (manufacturing PM-containing gas) are set to the target of generating 14 g of PM per hour, and the injection pressure of light oil Is 0.25 MPa, valve opening time (light oil injection time) is 2.2 milliseconds, valve opening period (light oil injection period) is 50 milliseconds (duty ratio is 4.4%), and light oil combustion The flow rate of working air is 0.240 Nm ³ / min. The excess air ratio λ is set to 0.92, secondary air is applied to the downstream side of the light oil combustion chamber 1, and the total air flow rate is 4.0 Nm ³ / min. I tried to become. Except for this, the PN ratio and PN emission were obtained in the same manner as in Examples 11 to 16 and Reference Examples 2 to 7, and in the same manner as in Example 17, 0 to 800 sec. The correlation coefficient R ² between the PN ratio and the PN emission in the section was calculated to be 0.92.

Example 31 (Example and Calculation Example) 0 to 15 sec. The correlation coefficient R ² between the PN ratio and the PN emission in the section was calculated to be 0.92. The other conditions are the same as in Example 30.

(Reference Example 11 (Examples and Calculation Examples)) The conditions of the PM generator 10 for generating PM (manufacturing PM-containing gas) are set to the target of generating 6 g of PM per hour, and light oil injection pressure Is 0.25 MPa, valve opening time (light oil injection time) is 2.1 milliseconds, valve opening period (light oil injection period) is 50 milliseconds (duty ratio is 4.2%), and light oil combustion The flow rate of working air is 0.272 Nm ³ / min. The excess air ratio λ is 1.11, secondary air is applied to the downstream side of the light oil combustion chamber 1, and the total air flow is 5.5 Nm ³ / min. I tried to become. Except for this, the PN ratio and PN emission were obtained in the same manner as in Examples 11 to 16 and Reference Examples 2 to 7, and in the same manner as in Example 17, 0 to 800 sec. The correlation coefficient R ² between the PN ratio and the PN emission in the section was found to be 0.88.

(Reference Example 12 (Examples and Calculation Examples)) 0 to 15 sec. The correlation coefficient R ² between the PN ratio and the PN emission in the section was found to be 0.81. The other conditions are the same as in Reference Example 11.

(Example 32 (Examples and calculation examples)) The conditions of the PM generator 10 for generating PM (manufacturing PM-containing gas) are set to the target of generating 10 g of PM per hour, and the injection pressure of light oil Is 0.25 MPa, valve opening time (light oil injection time) is 2.2 milliseconds, valve opening period (light oil injection period) is 50 milliseconds (duty ratio is 4.4%), and light oil combustion The flow rate of the working air is 0.270 Nm ³ / min. The excess air ratio λ is set to 1.08, secondary air is applied to the downstream side of the light oil combustion chamber 1, and the total air flow is 5.5 Nm ³ / min. I tried to become. Except for this, the PN ratio and PN emission were obtained in the same manner as in Examples 11 to 16 and Reference Examples 2 to 7, and in the same manner as in Example 17, 0 to 800 sec. The correlation coefficient R ² between the PN ratio and the PN emission in the section was calculated to be 0.92.

(Reference Example 13 (Examples and Calculation Examples)) 0 to 15 sec. The correlation coefficient R ² between the PN ratio and the PN emission in the section was found to be 0.81. The other conditions are the same as in Example 32.

(Example 33 (Example and calculation example)) The conditions of the PM generator 10 for generating PM (manufacturing PM-containing gas) are set to the target of generating 14 g of PM per hour, and the injection pressure of light oil Is 0.25 MPa, valve opening time (light oil injection time) is 2.5 milliseconds, valve opening period (light oil injection period) is 50 milliseconds (duty ratio is 5.0%), and light oil combustion The flow rate of working air is 0.245 Nm ³ / min. The excess air ratio λ is set to 0.91, secondary air is applied to the downstream side of the light oil combustion chamber 1, and the total air flow is set to 5.5 Nm ³ / min. I tried to become. Except for this, the PN ratio and PN emission were obtained in the same manner as in Examples 11 to 16 and Reference Examples 2 to 7, and in the same manner as in Example 17, 0 to 800 sec. The correlation coefficient R ² between the PN ratio and the PN emission in the section was determined to be 0.95.

(Reference Example 14 (Examples and Calculation Examples)) 0 to 15 sec. The correlation coefficient R ² between the PN ratio and the PN emission in the section was determined to be 0.55. The other conditions are the same as in Example 33.

  (Consideration 3) From the results shown in Examples 17 to 33, when DPF is used, the PN ratio based on the filter evaluation system 100A according to the present invention, and the PN emission measured by the PN measurement method based on PMP, However, it turns out that it has a correlation. In particular, high correlation (correlation) can be obtained by appropriately selecting the conditions of the PM generator and the section range for obtaining the PN ratio. This is because the PM concentration of the gas that has passed through the DPF obtained by the filter evaluation system according to the present invention can be substituted for the PN emission of exhaust gas emitted from an actual diesel engine vehicle equipped with the same DPF. Means. Therefore, according to the filter evaluation system 100A according to the present invention, it is possible to quickly evaluate the PN removal capability of the DPF while maintaining the correlation with the case of using the PN measurement method by PMP.

  (Reference Example 15) A 2.0-liter (Euro 4 compliant) diesel engine car (actual car, Sportage made by Hyundai Motor) equipped with DPF is operated in NEDC mode compliant with PMP, and the DPF entrance The exhaust gas was collected on the side. And the particle size distribution of PM was measured using the same particle size distribution measuring apparatus as Example 1 by making object into the exhaust gas. Similarly, a 1.4L gasoline engine car (actual car, GOLF made by Volkswagen) equipped with a GPF by retrofitting the exhaust system is operated in NEDC mode, and exhaust gas is discharged at the inlet side of the GPF. Collected. And the particle size distribution of PM was measured using the same particle size distribution measuring apparatus as Example 1 by making object into the exhaust gas. Both results are shown in FIG.

  (Consideration 4) From the results shown in FIG. 14, it is understood that the PM particle size distributions of the diesel engine vehicle and the gasoline engine vehicle substantially coincide when operated in the NEDC mode. From this, it is presumed that the filter evaluation system according to the present invention can also be used as a means for evaluating GPF (gasoline particulate filter).

(Example 34) A GPF was stored in the storage chamber 90 using the filter evaluation system 100A. The GPF used is made of cordierite and has a cylindrical outer shape with a diameter of 143.8 mm and an axial length of 152.4 mm. The cell shape (the shape of the cell perpendicular to the axial direction) is a quadrangle, the partition wall thickness is 0.127 mm, and the cell density is 360 cells / cm ² . In this GPF, a surface collection layer made of silicon carbide is formed on the surface of the cell where gas enters, and before the formation of the surface collection layer, the average porosity is 48.18%. The average pore diameter is 12.7 μm. Then, the PM-containing gas is produced by the filter evaluation system 100A, supplied to the storage chamber 90, and the PM-containing gas on the outlet side of the storage chamber 90 (after being treated with GPF) is diluted by the diluter 92 to obtain a particle size. Introduced into the distribution measuring device 94, the particle size distribution of PM was measured, and the PM concentration in the entire particle size range was determined every time. The results are shown in FIG. Also, 0 to 30 sec. When the PN ratio in this section was determined, it was 11.5%. The conditions of the individual devices constituting the filter evaluation system 100A and the PM generator 10 for generating PM are the same as those in the first embodiment.

(Example 35) The GPF used has an axial length of 152.1 mm, an average porosity of 59%, an average pore diameter of 18 μm, a partition wall thickness of 0.305 mm, and a cell density of 300 cells / cm ² . The rest is the same as the GPF of Example 34. Then, in the same manner as in Example 34, a PM-containing gas was produced by the filter evaluation system 100A, the PM particle size distribution of the PM-containing gas after being treated with GPF was measured, and the PM concentration in the entire particle size range Was obtained every time. The results are shown in FIG. Also, 0 to 30 sec. The PN ratio in the section was determined to be 17.1%.

  (Example 36) The GPF used did not form a surface trapping layer, had an average porosity of 48.7% and an average pore diameter of 12.1 μm. Other than these, the GPF of Example 34 The same. Then, in the same manner as in Example 34, a PM-containing gas was produced by the filter evaluation system 100A, the PM particle size distribution of the PM-containing gas after being treated with GPF was measured, and the PM concentration in the entire particle size range Was obtained every time. The results are shown in FIG. Also, 0 to 30 sec. The PN ratio in this section was determined to be 37.7%.

(Example 37) The GPF used did not form a surface trapping layer, the average porosity was 59%, the average pore diameter was 18 μm, the partition wall thickness was 0.305 mm, and the cell density was 300 cells / cm. ^2, other than the above are the same as GPF of example 34. Then, in the same manner as in Example 34, a PM-containing gas was produced by the filter evaluation system 100A, the PM particle size distribution of the PM-containing gas after being treated with GPF was measured, and the PM concentration in the entire particle size range Was obtained every time. The results are shown in FIG. Also, 0 to 30 sec. When the PN ratio in this section was determined, it was 30.9%.

(Example 38) The GPF used did not form a surface collection layer, the average porosity was 67.5%, the average pore diameter was 24.4 μm, the partition wall thickness was 0.254 mm, and the cell density was 300 cells / cm ² , and other than these are the same as the GPF of Example 34. Then, in the same manner as in Example 34, a PM-containing gas was produced by the filter evaluation system 100A, the PM particle size distribution of the PM-containing gas after being treated with GPF was measured, and the PM concentration in the entire particle size range Was obtained every time. The results are shown in FIG. Also, 0 to 30 sec. When the PN ratio in this section was determined, it was 40.9%.

Example 39 The GPF used had a diameter of 118.4 mm, an axial length of 75 mm, no surface collection layer formed, an average porosity of 67.5%, an average pore diameter of 24.4 μm, and a partition wall The thickness is 0.254 mm, and the cell density is 300 cells / cm ² , and other than these are the same as the GPF of Example 34. Then, in the same manner as in Example 34, a PM-containing gas was produced by the filter evaluation system 100A, the PM particle size distribution of the PM-containing gas after being treated with GPF was measured, and the PM concentration in the entire particle size range Was obtained every time. The results are shown in FIG. Also, 0 to 30 sec. The PN ratio in this section was 55.1%.

(Example 40) The GPF used had a diameter of 118.4 mm, an axial length of 75 mm, no surface trapping layer, an average porosity of 40.6%, an average pore diameter of 16 μm, and a partition wall thickness The thickness is 0.127 mm, and the cell density is 360 cells / cm ² , and other than these are the same as the GPF of Example 34. Then, in the same manner as in Example 34, a PM-containing gas was produced by the filter evaluation system 100A, the PM particle size distribution of the PM-containing gas after being treated with GPF was measured, and the PM concentration in the entire particle size range Was obtained every time. The results are shown in FIG. Also, 0 to 30 sec. The PN ratio in this section was determined to be 76.3%.

  (Consideration 5) As shown in FIG. 15, according to Examples 34 to 40, it can be seen that the behavior of the PM concentration shows almost the same tendency in various GPFs. As in the case of the DPF, when the trapping layer is formed, the PM concentration is lower than the initial value and quickly decreases. Therefore, in the case of a new GPF, from the pores having a size exceeding the size of the PM. It can be seen that PM leaks, gradually fills the pores with PM, and is supplemented by pores less than the size of PM.

(Reference Example 16) A 1.4L gasoline engine vehicle (VOLF manufactured by Volkswagen) equipped with the same GPF as in Example 34 was operated in NEDC mode in accordance with PMP by retrofitting the exhaust system, and GPF. The PN emission of the exhaust gas treated with was measured. The result was 2.18 × 10 ¹¹ [# / km].

(Reference Example 17) A 1.4L gasoline engine vehicle (VOLF manufactured by Volkswagen) equipped with the same GPF as in Example 35 is operated in NEDC mode in conformity with PMP by retrofitting the exhaust system and GPF. The PN emission of the exhaust gas treated with was measured. The result was 3.69 × 10 ¹¹ [# / km].

(Reference Example 18) A 1.4L gasoline engine vehicle (VOLF made by Volkswagen) equipped with the same GPF as in Example 36 was operated in NEDC mode in conformity with PMP by retrofitting the exhaust system and GPF. The PN emission of the exhaust gas treated with was measured. The result was 8.80 × 10 ¹¹ [# / km].

(Reference Example 19) A 1.4L gasoline engine vehicle (VOLF made by Volkswagen) equipped with the same GPF as in Example 37 was operated in NEDC mode in conformity with PMP by retrofitting the exhaust system and GPF. The PN emission of the exhaust gas treated with was measured. The result was 7.61 × 10 ¹¹ [# / km].

(Reference Example 20) A 1.4L gasoline engine vehicle (VOLF manufactured by Volkswagen) equipped with the same GPF as in Example 38 was retrofitted and operated in NEDC mode compliant with PMP. The PN emission of the exhaust gas treated with was measured. The result was 1.19 × 10 ¹² [# / km].

(Reference Example 21) A 1.4L gasoline engine vehicle (VOLF manufactured by Volkswagen) equipped with the same GPF as in Example 39 was retrofitted and operated in NEDC mode compliant with PMP. The PN emission of the exhaust gas treated with was measured. The result was 1.32 × 10 ¹² [# / km].

(Reference Example 22) A 1.4L gasoline engine vehicle (VOLF manufactured by Volkswagen) equipped with the same GPF as in Example 40 was retrofitted and operated in NEDC mode compliant with PMP. The PN emission of the exhaust gas treated with was measured. The result was 1.81 × 10 ¹² [# / km].

(Example 41 (calculation example)) The PN ratios obtained in Examples 34 to 40 were plotted in FIG. 16 in association with the PN emissions [# / km] of Reference Examples 16 to 22 using the same DPF, respectively. . Then, place, was 0.983 for the correlation coefficient ^{R 2} between these PN ratio and PN emissions.

  (Consideration 6) From the result shown in Example 41, even when GPF is used, the PN ratio based on the filter evaluation system 100A according to the present invention and the PN emission measured by the PN measurement method based on PMP are as follows. It can be seen that there is a correlation. This is because the PM concentration of the gas that has passed through the GPF obtained by the filter evaluation system according to the present invention can be substituted for the PN emission of exhaust gas discharged from an actual gasoline engine vehicle equipped with the same GPF. Means. Therefore, according to the filter evaluation system 100A according to the present invention, it is possible to quickly evaluate the PN removal capability of the GPF while maintaining the correlation with the case of using the PN measurement method by PMP.

  The filter evaluation system and the filter evaluation method according to the present invention can be used as a PN removal capability evaluation means for a DPF under the same conditions as in the case of using a PN measurement method by NEDC mode and PMP. In other words, the filter evaluation system and the filter evaluation method according to the present invention are suitably used as a DPF development tool for automobiles for Europe. The filter evaluation system and the filter evaluation method according to the present invention can also be suitably used as a PN removal capability evaluation means of GPF.

1: combustion chamber, 2: pilot burner, 3: light oil injection means, 4: ring, 5: casing, 5a: cylindrical part (of casing), 6: outer cylinder, 7: inner cylinder, 8: Front plate portion, 9: Rear plate portion, 10: PM generator, 11: Flame detector, 23: Temperature measuring device, 51: Flame inlet, 52: Gas outlet (generating PM), 53: Division Surface, 61, 61a: through hole, 71: through hole, 81: opening, 89: opening, 90: storage chamber, 91, 92: diluter, 93, 94: particle size distribution measuring device, 95, 96: sample system , 97: piping, 98, 99: soluble organic component removal device, 100A, 100B, 100C, 100D: filter evaluation system, 101: space, 102: space, 113: air inlet, 131: light oil, 132: light oil combustion Air, 133: PM-containing gas, 141: switching valve, 144: blow Valve, 301: gasket.

Claims (5)

A fuel combustion chamber that mixes fuel and fuel combustion air and causes combustion of the mixed fuel mixture, fuel injection means capable of intermittently injecting the fuel into the fuel combustion chamber, and A PM generator for igniting the fuel mixture, and generating particulate matter (PM) in the gas by incomplete combustion of the fuel mixture;
A storage chamber for storing a filter to which a gas generated by the PM generator is supplied;
The storage chamber is provided with a sample system on each side of the PM generator and on the opposite side of the PM generator, and the particle size distribution of the PM in each of the gases is represented by the electric mobility of the PM. And a particle size distribution measuring device for measuring based on the electric quantity of the classified PM,
A filter evaluation system.   The filter evaluation system according to claim 1, further comprising a diluter for diluting the gas in the sample system.   The filter evaluation system according to claim 1, further comprising a soluble organic component removing device that removes a soluble organic component of the gas in the sample system.   The filter evaluation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the particle size distribution measuring device is capable of measuring a particle size distribution of PM in the gas within a range of a particle size of 20 nm or more and 300 nm or less. system. Using the filter evaluation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, storing a filter in the storage chamber,
In the PM generator, fuel is injected into the fuel combustion air with an excess air ratio λ, intermittently injected, burned, and particulate matter (having a specific particle size distribution) in the gas ( PM) and supplying the gas that generated the PM to the filter;
The process of measuring the particle size distribution of PM in each gas of the gas before passing through the filter and the gas passed by the particle size distribution measuring device,
A method for evaluating a filter having

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