JP2012502031A - 抗ウイルス免疫応答を誘導する方法 - Google Patents
抗ウイルス免疫応答を誘導する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、抗ウイルス免疫応答を誘導する方法に関する。該方法は、細胞表面ターゲットに結合した際に、ウイルス感染を阻害するサイトカイン(例えばケモカイン)の産生を生じる抗体の産生を誘導する免疫原を、その必要がある患者に投与する工程を含む。
以前、自己免疫疾患を有する被験体で、HIV−1感染の発症率がより低い理由は、自己免疫疾患被験体における寛容の欠陥に関連すると仮定されてきていた。さらに、これらの欠陥は、HIV−1によるヒト細胞感染を防止可能な、特定の種類の抗体の産生を導きうると仮定されてきていた(Haynesら, Human Antibodies 14:59−67(2005)、Haynesら, Science 308:1906(2005))。全身性エリテマトーデス(mAb CL1)および抗リン脂質症候群(P1およびIS4)などの自己免疫疾患を有するヒトに由来する抗脂質抗体の研究中、これらの抗体が、ヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)アッセイにおいて、HIV−1感染を防止する(Buresら, AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 16:2019−2035(2000)、Montefioriら, J. Virol. 72:1886−1893(1998)、Montefioriら, J. Infect. Dis. 173:60−67(1996))(表1)が、CD4、CCR5およびCXCR4トランスフェクション上皮細胞TZMBL偽ウイルスアッセイにおいては防止しないことが見出されてきている(Weiら, Nature 422:307−312(2003)、Derdeynら, J. Virol. 74:8358−8367(2000)、Liら, J. Virol. 79:10108−10125(2005)、Montefiori, DC pp. 12.11.1−12.11.15, Current Protocols in Immunology中(2004))(表2)(PCT/US2008/004709を参照されたい)。
1. P1、CL1およびIS4 mAbは、CCR5リガンド、RANTES(弱い)、MIP−1α、およびMIP−1βの産生を誘導するが、CXCR4リガンドSDF−1の産生を誘導せず(図1);
2. HIV−1は、単独で、ある被験体においては、これらのCCR5結合性ケモカインを最小限の量で、そして他の被験体においては、頑強な量で誘導し(図1);そして
3. HIV−1および抗脂質抗体の1つ(P1、IS4およびCL1のいずれか)の組み合わせは、CCR5ケモカインの極端に多い産生を導く(図1)
ことが示されてきている。
ルシフェラーゼ・レポーター遺伝子が付着するよう操作されたCCR5伝染ウイルス(WITO)およびCXCR4を利用する伝染ウイルス(WEAU)を用いて、PBMCを感染させた(表5を参照されたい)。抗脂質抗体はすべて、PBMCのWITO感染を阻害するが、PBMCのWEAU HIV−1感染性を阻害しないことが見出された。やはり用いたのは、HIV感染132日後の急性HIV感染を伴う被験体(700−12−037)に由来する血液B細胞のEBV形質転換であり、この被験体から、IgA二量体であるmAb ACL4が単離された(このB細胞クローンのヘテロハイブリドーマ安定細胞株が確立されてきている)。生じたヒトmAbは、伝染R5ウイルスWITOを強力に阻害し、したがって、被験体037における伝染ウイルスが、抗脂質抗体が産生されるのを誘導し、したがって、HIV−1がこの種類の抗体をブーストまたは誘導可能であることが立証される。この症例では、患者を救うには誘導が遅すぎた。これにより、この種類の抗体をプライミングする方法が示される。患者037からのACL4抗体単離によって、HIV−1がこの種類の抗体を刺激可能であり、したがって、HIVが、事実上、この抗脂質「自己自然抗体」を「HIV特異的」方式でブーストすることを可能にすることが示される。すなわち、HIV−1感染前に、ワクチンを用いて、ACL4型抗体に関してプライミングすることによって、HIV−1が、伝染に際して直ちに同じ抗体をブーストすることが可能になる。このアプローチは、感染数時間以内(例えば48時間以内)にHIVを阻害することを可能にし、そしてしたがって、HIV−1を消滅させることを可能にする。
ヒト(hCD40)、マウス(mCD40)およびアカゲザル(RhCD40)の野生型CD40、ならびにアカゲザルCD40ならびにマウスCD40およびアカゲザル突然変異体CD40の配列整列を図5に示す。CD40リガンドと相互作用するヒトCD40のアミノ酸を太字および下線で示す。CD40およびCD40リガンドの相互作用に干渉しうる抗体を誘導することを回避するため、マウスCD40の対応する界面のアミノ酸(K114)をヒトCD40と同じようにEに突然変異させた、突然変異体mCD40、mCD40mutEKを設計した。CD40とCD40リガンドの界面のスパン領域(囲みで示す)(アミノ酸83位〜117位)において、アカゲザルおよびヒトCD40タンパク質間で異なるアミノ酸が領域中に2つあり(109位および112位のアミノ酸)、そしてマウスおよびヒトCD40間の配列に実質的な相違がある。このスパン領域中のアミノ酸相違による、CD40およびCD40リガンドの相互作用に干渉しうる抗体を誘導する可能性を最小限にするため、別のマウスCD40突然変異体(mCD40d81−114)およびアカゲザルCD40突然変異体(RhCD40d109/112)を、界面スパン領域中のそのアミノ酸配列が、野生型からヒトCD40のような配列に突然変異されるように設計した。
CCR5ケモカインに対する抗体が、PBMCのHIV−1感染を阻害する抗脂質抗体の能力を阻害する能力を研究した。提示する疑問は、PBMC HIV−1感染性アッセイに添加された際、CCR5ケモカインの効果を中和する抗体が、HIV−1によるPBMC感染を阻害するmAb CL1の能力を阻害可能であるかどうかであった(図6)。CCR5ケモカインMIP−1αおよびMIP−1βを中和する抗体は、HIV感染性を阻害する抗脂質抗体の能力の、最強の阻害剤であることが見出された。したがって、実際、抗脂質抗体によって、HIV−1の存在下で、CCR5ケモカインを誘導すると、PBMCのHIV−1感染を阻害可能である。
表1. PBMCにおいてアッセイした抗脂質およびHIV−1 mAbのHIV−1阻害活性
Claims (19)
- HIV−1のCCR5向性株による、ヒト被験体の感受性細胞の感染を阻害する方法であって、前記被験体の細胞に結合する抗体の産生を誘導する免疫原を、前記被験体に投与する工程を含み、前記細胞が:
i)CCR5結合性ケモカインを産生し、そして
ii)その細胞表面上に該抗体によって認識される抗原を有し、
前記免疫原を、単独でまたはHIV−1の前記CCR5向性株の存在下のいずれかで、産生されるCCR5結合性ケモカインのレベルが前記感受性細胞感染の前記阻害を達成するのに十分であるような量および条件下で、投与する
前記方法。 - 前記被験体の前記感受性細胞がT細胞である、請求項1記載の方法。
- CCR5結合性ケモカインを産生する前記被験体の前記細胞が、単球、マクロファージまたは樹状細胞である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記抗原が細胞脂質二重層の表面脂質である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記抗原がホスファチジルセリン(PS)またはホスファチジルエタノールアミン(PE)である、請求項4記載の方法。
- 前記免疫原が陰イオン性脂質を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記陰イオン性脂質が、PS、PE、カルジオリピン(CL)、1,2−ジオレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルエタノールアミン(DOPE)、または死菌梅毒トレポネーマ(Treponema pallidum)である、請求項6記載の方法。
- 前記免疫原が、PS、PEまたはCLを含むリポソームを含む、請求項6記載の方法。
- モノホスホリル脂質A、Toll様受容体(TLR)−7またはTLR−9を含むアジュバントを前記被験体に投与する工程をさらに含む、請求項6記載の方法。
- 前記免疫原がPSまたはPEの六方晶II型である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記抗原がCD40である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記免疫原が遊離または誘導体化ヒトまたはアカゲザル(rhesus)CD40である、請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記CD40が破傷風毒素またはキーホールリンペット(keyhole limpet)・ヘモシアニンで誘導体化されている、請求項12記載の方法。
- 前記免疫原が、アカゲザル、モルモット(guinea pig)もしくはマウスCD40またはその突然変異型、あるいはアカゲザル、モルモットもしくはマウスCD40またはその突然変異型をコードする核酸配列を含み、そしてCD40に結合するが、CD40上のCD40リガンド結合部位には結合しない、抗CD40抗体の誘導を生じる、請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記免疫原が、アカゲザル、モルモットもしくはマウスCD40またはその突然変異型
をコードする核酸配列を含む、請求項14記載の方法。 - 前記核酸配列が、機能可能であるようにプロモーターに連結されて、ベクター中に存在する、請求項15記載の方法。
- 前記抗体が非病原性である、請求項1記載の方法。
- HIV−1によるヒト被験体感受性細胞の感染を阻害する方法であって、前記被験体に、m43型またはm9型抗体の産生を誘導する免疫原を投与する工程を含み、前記免疫原を、抗HIVケモカインが産生され、そしてそれによって感染の前記阻害が達成されるような量および条件下で投与する、前記方法。
- HIV−1のCXCR4を利用する株によるヒト被験体感受性細胞の感染を阻害する方法であって、前記被験体に、ターゲット細胞からSDF−1の放出を生じる抗体の産生を誘導する免疫原を投与する工程を含み、前記免疫原を、前記阻害が達成されるような量および条件下で投与する、前記方法。
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| US61/136,448 | 2008-09-05 | ||
| US13673408P | 2008-09-29 | 2008-09-29 | |
| US61/136,734 | 2008-09-29 | ||
| PCT/US2009/005024 WO2010027502A2 (en) | 2008-09-05 | 2009-09-08 | Method of inducing an anti-viral immune response |
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| WO2006110831A2 (en) * | 2005-04-12 | 2006-10-19 | Duke University | Method of inducing neutralizing antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus |
| WO2007130493A2 (en) * | 2006-05-03 | 2007-11-15 | Regents Of The University Of Colorado | Cd40 agonist antibody/type1 interferon synergistic adjuvant combination, conjugates containing and use thereof as a therapeutic to enhance cellular immunity |
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| EP2182968A1 (en) * | 2007-08-22 | 2010-05-12 | Duke University | Methods of treating and protecting against human immunodeficiency virus |
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| JP2006515608A (ja) * | 2003-01-24 | 2006-06-01 | ユアン スン, | ワクチンとして使用するためのハイブリッドベクター系 |
| WO2006110831A2 (en) * | 2005-04-12 | 2006-10-19 | Duke University | Method of inducing neutralizing antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus |
| WO2007130493A2 (en) * | 2006-05-03 | 2007-11-15 | Regents Of The University Of Colorado | Cd40 agonist antibody/type1 interferon synergistic adjuvant combination, conjugates containing and use thereof as a therapeutic to enhance cellular immunity |
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| US20110262526A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
| EP2331104A4 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
| WO2010027502A2 (en) | 2010-03-11 |
| WO2010027502A9 (en) | 2011-04-14 |
| EP2331104A2 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
| AU2009288620A1 (en) | 2010-03-11 |
| CA2736030A1 (en) | 2010-03-11 |
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