JP2013201902A - Lighting fixture for observing cultivated plant - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a lighting device for observing a plant cultivated under irradiation of light in a specific wavelength region in the same manner as under irradiation of white light.
An illumination unit 3 including a plurality of light sources 41, 42, and 43 having different emission wavelength ranges, and a wavelength selection unit 7 capable of switching light sources to emit light, and under an irradiation environment with irradiation light in a predetermined wavelength range. An illuminating tool for cultivating plant observation configured to selectively emit light of a light emission wavelength range different from the wavelength range of the irradiation light among the light sources is provided. According to this illuminating tool for cultivating plant observation, supplementing light with a wavelength range different from that of the irradiation light with respect to the plant in the irradiation environment with irradiation light of a predetermined wavelength range, and under an irradiation environment with white light or natural light Similarly, plants can be observed.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a cultivated plant observation lighting device. In more detail, it is related with the lighting fixture used in order to observe the plant cultivated under artificial light irradiation environment.

  Conventionally, in plant cultivation, a technique for irradiating a plant seedling with artificial light to promote seedling has been adopted. By promoting the growth of plants, the cultivation period can be shortened and the number of harvests at the same place can be increased. Moreover, even if it is the same cultivation period, if a plant can be grown more largely, a yield can be increased.

  As a plant cultivation method using artificial light irradiation, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a plant lighting device configured to irradiate a plant alternately with green light and white light. This illuminating device constitutes a change of day and night by alternately irradiating with green light having a wavelength of 500 to 570 nm and white light having a wavelength of 300 to 800 nm, thereby facilitating plant translocation by facilitating the commutation of the plant. is there.

  In addition, for example, in Patent Document 2, by illuminating a light emitting diode that emits blue light (400 to 480 nm) and a light emitting diode that emits red light (620 to 700 nm) simultaneously or alternately, A light source for plant cultivation that irradiates light energy for cultivation and tissue culture is disclosed. This light source for plant cultivation is intended to cultivate a plant with high energy efficiency by irradiating only light having a wavelength matching the light absorption peak of chlorophyll (around 450 nm and around 660 nm).

  Patent Document 2 stipulates that blue light and red light may be irradiated simultaneously or alternately (see “Claim 1”). However, in Patent Document 2, in the comparison of blue light single irradiation, red light single irradiation, and simultaneous irradiation of blue light and red light, healthy growth similar to cultivation under sunlight (such as a length in single irradiation) under simultaneous irradiation. In comparison with unhealthy growth (see paragraph “0011” in the document), and the growth promoting effect when blue light and red light are alternately applied has not been confirmed. Therefore, Patent Document 2 does not substantially disclose a plant cultivation method by alternately irradiating blue light and red light.

JP-A-6-276858 JP-A-8-103167

  As described above, when a plant is irradiated with light of a specific wavelength range for the purpose of promoting growth, it may be difficult to observe the growth state of the plant. For example, under red light irradiation, unlike under irradiation with white light or natural light, leaves and the like appear black. In addition, for example, when irradiating simultaneously with blue light and red light, in addition to the color of leaves etc. appearing blackish, the observer feels tired of eyes because the irradiation light becomes pink, Sometimes I felt sick.

  Then, this invention makes it the main objective to provide the lighting fixture for observing the plant cultivated under the irradiation of the light of a specific wavelength range similarly to the irradiation of white light.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention includes an illumination unit including a plurality of light sources having different emission wavelength ranges, and a wavelength selection unit capable of switching the light source to emit light, and is provided under an irradiation environment with irradiation light in a predetermined wavelength range. Provided is a cultivated plant observation illumination tool configured to selectively emit light of a light emission wavelength range different from the wavelength range of the irradiation light among the light sources.
According to this illuminating tool for cultivating plant observation, supplementing light with a wavelength range different from that of the irradiation light with respect to the plant in the irradiation environment with irradiation light of a predetermined wavelength range, and under an irradiation environment with white light or natural light Similarly, the plant can be observed. In this cultivated plant observation lighting device, the illumination unit is configured to receive a combined light of a red light irradiation environment light source having a color temperature of 5000 to 7000 K and an average color rendering index of 90 or more, and a blue light. And a blue light irradiation environment light source having a color temperature of 5000 to 7000 K and an average color rendering index of 90 or more. In this case, the light source for red light irradiation environment is a blue light source having an emission center wavelength of 505 to 515 nm and a half width of 130 nm or more, and the light source for blue light irradiation environment is an emission center wavelength of 515 to 525 nm and a half width of 130 nm or more. And a red light source having a light emission center wavelength of 615 to 625 nm and a half-value width of 115 nm or more are composed of light sources synthesized at a peak intensity ratio of 1: 1.
The cultivated plant observation illumination tool preferably has an intensity adjusting unit for adjusting the light emission intensity of the light source. Also. It is preferable that the illuminating unit includes a reflector that emits the light from the light source as parallel rays.
In this cultivated plant observation illumination tool, the light source can be an LED.

The present invention also includes a plant irradiation device that irradiates a plant with irradiation light in a predetermined wavelength range, an illumination unit that includes a plurality of light sources having different emission wavelength ranges, and a wavelength selection unit that can switch the light source to emit light. Illumination for observing cultivated plants configured to selectively emit a light source having a light emission wavelength range different from the wavelength range of the irradiation light among the light sources with respect to the plant under an irradiation environment by the plant irradiation device And a plant cultivation system including the ingredients.
The plant irradiation apparatus includes an irradiation unit including a light source of red light and blue light, and a control unit that controls the irradiation unit to irradiate one of red light and blue light.
In addition, the illumination unit of the cultivated plant observation illumination tool includes a light source for red light irradiation environment in which the combined light with the red light of the plant irradiation device has a color temperature of 5000 to 7000 K and an average color rendering index of 90 or more, The combined light with the blue light of the plant irradiation device includes a light source for a blue light irradiation environment having a color temperature of 5000 to 7000 K and an average color rendering index of 90 or more.

  In the present invention, the “plant” includes at least leafy vegetables, fruit trees, and cereals, and moss is also widely included.

  By this invention, the lighting fixture for observing the plant cultivated under the irradiation of the light of a specific wavelength range similarly to the irradiation of white light is provided.

It is a schematic diagram explaining the structure of the lighting tool A for cultivation plant observation which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a circuit diagram of the lighting tool A for cultivation plant observation. It is a figure explaining an example (1st control pattern) of the control pattern of the plant irradiation apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a figure explaining an example (2nd control pattern) of the control pattern of the plant irradiation apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a figure explaining an example (3rd control pattern) of the control pattern of the plant irradiation apparatus which concerns on this invention. (Example 1) which is a figure which shows the simulation result of the suitable lighting fixture light source in a red light environment. (Example 2) which is a figure which shows the simulation result of the suitable lighting fixture light source in a blue light environment. 6 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing the growth results after 7 days of germination in Test Example 1. FIG. 2 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing a growth result 14 days after germination in Test Example 1. FIG. 6 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing a growth result 21 days after germination in Test Example 1. FIG.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments for carrying out the invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, embodiment described below shows an example of typical embodiment of this invention, and, thereby, the range of this invention is not interpreted narrowly. The description will be made in the following order.

1. 1. Lighting for cultivating plant observation according to first embodiment (1) Illumination unit (2) Wavelength selection unit (3) Intensity adjustment unit 2. Modified example of illuminating device for observing cultivated plants according to the first embodiment Plant irradiation device (1) Irradiation unit (2) Control unit (2-1) Control pattern (2-2) Wavelength (2-3) Light quantity (2-4) Irradiation time 4. Plant cultivation system Cultivated plants (1) Leafy vegetables (2) Fruit trees (3) Cereals (4) Moss

1. Illuminating device for cultivated plant observation according to the first embodiment (1) Illumination unit Fig. 1 is a configuration of the illuminating device A for cultivating plant observation according to the first embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter simply referred to as "illuminating device A"). FIG. FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the lighting fixture A.

  The illuminator A includes a main body 1 that houses a battery as a power source 2, and an illuminating unit 3 provided with a plurality of light sources 41, 42, and 43 having different emission wavelength ranges. Here, it is assumed that the light source 41 is a blue-green light source, the light source 42 is a red light source, and the light source 43 is a green light source. However, in the illuminating tool for cultivating plant observation according to the present invention, it is only necessary that the light source is provided with one or more light sources, and the number of colors of the light source provided is not limited as long as the intended effect is achieved. . Naturally, it is possible to arrange two or more light sources of each color.

  Conventionally known various light sources can be used as the light source, but it is easy to obtain a light source in a desired emission wavelength range, and a light emitting diode (LED) that emits light with a large proportion of light energy in the effective wavelength range. It is preferable to use an optical semiconductor element such as a laser diode (LD). Hereinafter, the light sources 41, 42, and 43 are also referred to as light emitting elements 41, 42, and 43. When using electroluminescence (EL), EL may be organic or inorganic. The optical semiconductor element is small and has a long lifetime, and emits light in a specific wavelength range depending on the material, so that there is no unnecessary heat radiation. Therefore, the optical semiconductor element has high energy efficiency and does not cause troubles such as burning of a leaf even when it is irradiated close to a plant.

  As a result of intensive studies on the effects of artificial light irradiation on the growth of plants, the present inventors have surprisingly achieved a very remarkable effect by a simple technique of alternately irradiating red light and blue light. It is found that it can be obtained (see test examples). This plant cultivation method that promotes the growth of plants by performing the procedure of irradiating plants with only red light and the procedure of irradiating plants with only blue light separately within a certain period of time is referred to as the “Shigyo Method ) ".

  The illuminator A is particularly preferably used for the execution method, and the illumination unit 3 includes a light source for red light irradiation environment and a light source for blue light irradiation environment.

  The light source for red light irradiation environment is composed of one light source or a combination of a plurality of light sources such that the combined light with the red light irradiated on the plant has a color temperature of 5000 to 7000 K and an average color rendering index of 90 or more.

  The light source for red light irradiation environment can be composed of, for example, a blue-green light emitting element 41 having an emission center wavelength of 505 to 515 nm and a half-value width of 130 nm or more.

  The light source for blue light irradiation environment is composed of a single light source or a combination of a plurality of light sources that has a color temperature of 5000 to 7000 K and an average color rendering index of 90 or more.

  The light source for blue light irradiation environment may be composed of, for example, a green light emitting element 43 having an emission center wavelength of 515 to 525 nm and a half width of 130 nm or more, and a red light emitting element 42 having an emission center wavelength of 615 to 625 nm and a half width of 115 nm or more. it can. The blue light irradiation environment light source is preferably a light source in which the red light emitting element 42 and the green light emitting element 43 are combined at a peak intensity ratio of 1: 1.

  In addition, the light source for red light irradiation environment and the light source for blue light irradiation environment can each be comprised from one light emitting element or three or more light emitting elements (refer the modification mentioned later).

  The illumination unit 3 includes a lens 5 that protects the blue-green light emitting element 41, the red light emitting element 42, and the green light emitting element 43 and transmits light from these light emitting elements, and a reflector that emits the light from the light emitting elements as parallel rays. 6 are provided. The reflector 6 may be a general paraboloid. By providing the reflecting plate 6, even when there is a distance from the cultivated plant, the illuminating plant A can illuminate the cultivated plant satisfactorily for observation.

(2) Wavelength Selection Unit The main body 1 is provided with a changeover switch (wavelength selection unit) 7 that can switch a light source that emits light. The changeover switch 7 functions to switch the power supply to the blue-green light emitting element 41, the red light emitting element 42, and the green light emitting element 43 so that any one or more light emitting elements emit light. In the figure, reference numeral 9 denotes a main power switch.

  By the function of the changeover switch 7, the lighting fixture A can illuminate the cultivated plant under the irradiation environment with the irradiation light in the predetermined wavelength range by selectively emitting the light source in the emission wavelength range different from the wavelength range of the irradiation light. Is possible.

  For example, the light from the light source for red light irradiation environment comprised from the blue-green light emitting element 41 is illuminated with respect to the cultivated plant in a red light irradiation environment. In this way, for the cultivated plant under the red light irradiation environment, the cultivated plant is observed in the same manner as under the irradiation of the white light by supplementing the light from the light source for the red light irradiation environment having a different wavelength range from the irradiation light. be able to.

  Further, for example, for a cultivated plant under a blue light irradiation environment, light from a light source for blue light irradiation environment configured by the green light emitting element 43 and the red light emitting element 42 is illuminated. By supplementing light from a light source for blue light irradiation environment having a wavelength range different from that of irradiation light in this way, cultivated plants under a blue light irradiation environment can be observed in the same manner as under white light irradiation.

  In particular, the light source for red light irradiation environment is configured such that the combined light with the red light irradiated on the plant has a color temperature of 5000 to 7000 K and an average color rendering index of 90 or more. The light source for blue light irradiation environment is also configured such that the combined light with the blue light irradiated to the plant has a color temperature of 5000 to 7000 K and an average color rendering index of 90 or more. For this reason, according to the lighting fixture A, the color of the leaf of the cultivated plant under the irradiation environment of red light or blue light can be observed as a natural green color similar to that under the irradiation of white light, and the growth state of the plant It is possible to accurately grasp the presence or absence of diseases. It is also possible to prevent the observer from feeling tired of eyes or feeling unwell.

(3) Intensity adjusting part It is preferable to provide the lighting fixture A with an intensity adjusting part for adjusting the light emission intensity of each light source. The strength adjustment unit can be configured by an adjustment knob provided in the main body 1 and a variable resistor inserted in the circuit. Here, adjustment knobs 81, 82, 83 and variable resistors 811, 821, 831 are provided for the blue-green light-emitting element 41, the red light-emitting element 42, and the green light-emitting element 43, respectively.

  If the voltage of each light emitting element is not uniform when a constant rated current is passed through the circuit, a limiting resistor is inserted into the circuit. FIG. 2 shows an example in which the limiting resistor 822 is inserted between the red light emitting element 42 and the variable resistor 821.

2. Modified example of illuminating tool for cultivating plant observation according to the first embodiment In the above-described illuminating tool A, the combination of a plurality of light emitting elements 41, 42, 43 supplements the wavelength range of irradiation light, and is excellent in color rendering. An example of obtaining synthesized light has been described. As will be described later in Example 1, for example, high color rendering can be obtained for red irradiation light by complementing green light having a wide spectral width.

  Therefore, in the illuminating tool for cultivating plant observation according to the present invention, the light source for red light irradiation environment may be composed of only a green light emitting element having a wide spectrum width instead of the blue-green light emitting element described above. .

  In order to obtain green light with a wide spectral width, the light source for red light irradiation environment includes (a) a combination of light emitting diodes of multiple colors, (b) a xenon flash lamp, (c) a xenon lamp, and (d) a short arc type. A metal halide lamp can also be used. Among these, (a) a combination of light emitting diodes of a plurality of colors is preferable because it does not require a step-up power supply and can reduce the size of a lighting fixture. For (b) xenon flash lamps and (c) xenon lamps, it is desirable to use infrared light cut with an optical filter.

3. Plant Irradiation Device (1) Irradiation Unit The plant irradiation device according to the present invention is capable of executing an execution method. The plant irradiation apparatus includes an irradiation unit that irradiates a plant with red light and blue light, a step of controlling the irradiation unit to irradiate the plant with only red light, and a step of irradiating the plant with only blue light. And a control unit that executes separately and independently within a predetermined period.

  The irradiation unit includes a light source that emits red light or blue light. Red light refers to light having a wavelength of 570 to 730 nm, and light having a center wavelength of 635 to 660 nm is preferably used. Further, blue light refers to light having a wavelength of 400 to 515 nm, and light having a center wavelength of 450 nm is preferably used. The red light and the blue light may have a predetermined wavelength range with the above wavelength as a central wavelength. As the wavelength range, for example, in the case of blue light, it can be 450 ± 30 nm, preferably 450 ± 20 nm, and more preferably 450 ± 10 nm.

  Conventionally known light sources can be used as the red and blue light sources. For the light source, it is preferable to use an optical semiconductor element such as a light emitting diode (LED) or a laser diode (LD) that emits light that allows easy wavelength selection and a large proportion of light energy in the effective wavelength region. When using electroluminescence (EL), EL may be organic or inorganic.

  An optical semiconductor element is small and has a long lifetime, and emits light at a specific wavelength depending on the material, and has no unnecessary heat radiation. Therefore, the optical semiconductor element has high energy efficiency, and does not cause troubles such as burning of a leaf even when irradiated close to a plant. For this reason, it becomes possible by using an optical semiconductor element for a light source to cultivate at a lower power cost and more space-saving than other light sources.

  As a light source, an SMD line light source in which SMD (2 Chips Surface Mount Device) mounted by combining one red light semiconductor element and one blue light semiconductor element is linearly arranged, or a red light semiconductor element or a blue light semiconductor element A monochromatic line light source or a monochromatic panel light source in which only one of them is arranged in a line or plane can be used.

  In principle, a semiconductor element can be driven to blink at a frequency as high as several megahertz (MHz) or more. For this reason, by using an optical semiconductor element as a light source, it is possible to perform switching between a step of illuminating a plant with only red light and a step of illuminating a plant with only blue light at an extremely high speed.

  As an LED that emits light in the above wavelength range, for example, a red LED includes an aluminum / gallium / indium / phosphorus light emitting diode (gallium / phosphorous substrate, sold by Showa Denko KK as product number HRP-350F). The red LED includes a light emitting diode having a product number GM2LR450G.

  Examples of light sources other than light emitting diodes include straight tube and compact fluorescent lamps and bulb-type fluorescent lamps, high pressure discharge lamps, metal halide lamps, and laser diodes. In combination with these light sources, an optical filter for selectively using light in the above wavelength range may be used.

(2) Control unit (2-1) Control pattern The control unit maintains the light amount (intensity), wavelength, and / or irradiation time of the red light and blue light emitted from the irradiation unit at a predetermined value or a predetermined value. Change with patterns.

  The control unit can be configured using a general-purpose computer. For example, when using an LED as a light source, the control unit adjusts the magnitude of the LED drive current based on a control pattern previously stored and stored in a memory or a hard disk, and determines the amount of red light and blue light and the irradiation time. Change. Moreover, a control part switches and drives several LED which radiates | emits the light of a different wavelength range based on a control pattern, and changes the wavelength range of the irradiated light.

  The control pattern of the control unit will be described in detail. The control unit has a fixed procedure of irradiating the plant with only red light (hereinafter also referred to as “red light irradiation step”) and a procedure of irradiating the plant with only blue light (hereinafter also referred to as “blue light irradiation step”). Run independently within a period.

  Here, the “certain period” means a period of arbitrary time length during plant cultivation. This period is the longest cultivation period. Further, the shortest period can be arbitrarily set as long as the desired effect is achieved. This period may be, for example, time (hr) as a unit of time length, and may be a longer time length unit (for example, day) or a shorter time length unit (for example, minutes). It may be a thing.

  The execution method is started or ended at an arbitrary timing and can be applied for an arbitrary length of time during the entire cultivation period of the plant from immediately after seed germination or after planting a seedling to harvesting.

  Further, “separately independent” means that the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step exist separately within the period. The red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step may be included in at least one step in the period.

  The red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step may be performed alternately in succession, with a procedure for simultaneously irradiating the plant with red light and blue light or a procedure for stopping the light irradiation on the plant between both steps. You may repeat it discontinuously. However, in order to enhance the plant growth effect, it is preferable to carry out alternately and continuously.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the first control pattern. In this embodiment, the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step are alternately and continuously performed.

In the figure, reference numeral S ₁ indicates a red light irradiation step, and reference numeral S ₂ indicates a blue light irradiation step. In this embodiment, red light irradiation step S ₁ and the blue light irradiation step S ₂ is performed continuously alternately, irradiation cycle of red light irradiation step S ₁ and the blue light irradiation step S ₂ Metropolitan is repeated.

  In this way, the growth can be remarkably promoted by alternately irradiating the plant with red light and blue light (see test examples). It is also possible to improve the yield by suppressing the chief.

Here, a case of starting the procedure from the red light irradiation step S ₁ the irradiation cycle C ₁ of the first round has been described as an example, any of the red light irradiation step S ₁ and the blue light irradiation step S ₂ in each irradiation cycle It is arbitrary whether to perform this first.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the second control pattern. In this embodiment, the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step are discontinuously sandwiched between both steps with a procedure of simultaneously irradiating the plant with red light and blue light (hereinafter also referred to as “simultaneous irradiation step”). Repeatedly.

In the figure, reference numeral S ₃ illustrates the simultaneous irradiation step. In the present embodiment, the red light irradiation step S ₁ and the blue light irradiation step S ₂ are discontinuously performed with the simultaneous irradiation step S ₃ interposed therebetween, and the red light irradiation step S ₁ , the simultaneous irradiation step S _3, and the blue light irradiation are performed. irradiation cycle consisting of steps S ₂ Metropolitan is repeated.

Here, a case of starting the procedure from the simultaneous irradiation step S ₃ in the irradiation cycle C ₁ of the first round has been described as an example, red light irradiation step S ₁ in each irradiation _cycle, simultaneous irradiation step S ₃ and the blue light irradiation one or performed before the step S ₂ is optional.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the third control pattern. In this embodiment, the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step are repeatedly performed discontinuously with a procedure (hereinafter also referred to as “pause step”) in which light irradiation to a plant is suspended between both steps. It is.

In the figure, reference numeral _{S 4} shows the idle step. In the present embodiment, the red light irradiation step S ₁ and the blue light irradiation step S ₂ are discontinuously performed with the pause step S ₄ interposed therebetween, and the red light irradiation step S ₁ , the pause step S ₄ and the blue light irradiation step S are performed. _The irradiation cycle consisting of ₂ is repeated.

Here, a case of starting the procedure from the idle step S ₄ in the irradiation cycle C ₁ of the first round has been described as an example, red light irradiation step S ₁ in each irradiation _cycle, idle step S _4, and the blue light irradiation step S _Which of ₂ is performed first is arbitrary.

(2-2) Wavelength In each control pattern described above, the wavelengths of red light and blue light may be changed within the above-described wavelength range, for example, the Nth irradiation cycle (N is an integer of 1 or more). wavelength may change in C _N. Further, the M-th and the N-th irradiation cycles C _N (M is one or more different integers N) wavelength and the irradiation cycle C _M of may be different within the scope of the wavelength range.

Further, in the above-described red light irradiation step S ₁ , simultaneous irradiation step S ₃ and blue light irradiation step S ₂ , in addition to red light and blue light, light in a plurality of wavelength regions is combined with light in other wavelength regions. Irradiation may be performed.

(2-3) Light quantity The light quantity (intensity) of the red light and the blue light in the red light irradiation step S ₁ , the blue light irradiation step S _2, and the simultaneous irradiation step S ₃ is not particularly limited, but for example, a photosynthetic photon flux density (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density: PPFD) respectively 1~1000μmol ^{/ m} 2 s, and preferably 10~500μmol ^{/ m} 2 s, and particularly preferably a 50~250μmol / ^{m 2} s or so.

  The light quantity (intensity) ratio of red light and blue light in each step is, for example, “red: blue” or “blue: red” 1: 1, 2: 1, 4: 1, 10: 1, 20: It can be set arbitrarily such as 1.

The light amounts of the red light and the blue light may be changed within the above range. For example, the light amounts may be changed in the _Nth irradiation cycle CN (N is an integer of 1 or more). Further, the M-th and the N-th irradiation cycles C _N (M is one or more different integers N) the amount of light in the irradiation cycle C _M of may be varied within the above range.

(2-4) Irradiation time In each control pattern mentioned above, the time of one irradiation cycle is the longest cultivation period. The shortest time can be arbitrarily set as long as the effect of the present invention is exhibited. One irradiation cycle may be, for example, in units of time length (hr), and may be longer time units (eg, days) or shorter time units (eg, minutes). It may be.

For example, in the first control pattern performed continuously red light irradiation step S ₁ and the blue light irradiation step S ₂ alternately, if the day one irradiation cycle, the red light irradiation step S ₁ to 12 hours, blue light irradiation step S ₂ may be 12 hours. For example, when repeated four times irradiation cycles a day, one irradiation cycle becomes 6 hours, it can be a red light irradiation step S ₁ 3 hour, 3 hours blue light irradiation step S _2.

Time of one irradiation cycle, the M-th and the N-th irradiation cycles C _N (M is one or more different integers N) may be changed by the irradiation cycle C _M of. For example, the irradiation cycle _CN can be 12 hours, and the subsequent irradiation cycle _{CN + 1} can be 6 hours.

Further, the time ratio of the red light irradiation step S ₁ , the blue light irradiation step S ₂ , the simultaneous irradiation step S ₃ and the pause step S ₄ in one irradiation cycle may be arbitrary. For example, in the above-described first control pattern, when one irradiation cycle is one day, “red light irradiation step S ₁ / blue light irradiation step S ₂ ” is set to “12 hours · 12 hours (1: 1)”. , “16 hours · 8 hours (2: 1)”, “21 hours · 3 hours (7: 1)”, etc.

4). Plant Cultivation System A plant cultivation system according to the present invention includes the cultivated plant observation illumination tool and the plant irradiation device.

  In this plant cultivation system, a cultivated plant irradiated with irradiation light in a predetermined wavelength range by a plant irradiation device is supplemented with light having a wavelength range different from that of the irradiation light using a cultivated plant observation illumination tool. The state of the plant can be observed.

  For example, while the plant irradiation device executes the red light irradiation step, the light from the red light irradiation environment light source constituted by the blue-green light emitting element 41 is supplemented to the cultivated plant by the lighting tool A. In this way, for the cultivated plant under the red light irradiation environment, the cultivated plant is observed in the same manner as under the irradiation of the white light by supplementing the light from the light source for the red light irradiation environment having a different wavelength range from the irradiation light. be able to.

  In addition, for example, while the plant irradiation device executes the blue light irradiation step, the light from the blue light irradiation environment light source composed of the green light emitting element 43 and the red light emitting element 42 is supplied to the cultivated plant by the lighting tool A. The light is supplemented. By supplementing light from a light source for blue light irradiation environment having a wavelength range different from that of irradiation light in this way, cultivated plants under a blue light irradiation environment can be observed in the same manner as under white light irradiation.

  In particular, the light source for red light irradiation environment of the illuminator A is configured such that the combined light with the red light irradiated on the plant has a color temperature of 5000 to 7000 K and an average color rendering index of 90 or more. The light source for blue light irradiation environment is also configured such that the combined light with the blue light irradiated to the plant has a color temperature of 5000 to 7000 K and an average color rendering index of 90 or more. For this reason, according to the lighting fixture A, it is possible to observe the color of the leaves of the cultivated plant as a natural green color similar to that under white light irradiation even during execution of the irradiation step of red light or blue light.

5. Cultivated plant The cultivated plant targeted by the present invention is not particularly limited, and includes vegetables, potatoes, mushrooms, fruits, beans, cereals, seeds, algae, ornamental plants, moss and the like. it can. Moreover, the cultivation form of these plants is not particularly limited, and may be hydroponics, soil cultivation, or the like.

(1) Leafy vegetables As leafy vegetables, lettuce, leek, mizuna, saladna, shungiku, parsley, honey bean, komatsuna, mustard, mustard, wasabi, watercress, Chinese cabbage, tsukena, gentian rhinoceros, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, medicinal, onion, Examples include garlic, sea urchin, leek, asparagus, celery, spinach, seri, udo, myoga, buffalo, perilla, and various herbs. Further, leaf vegetables such as Detroit, Lolo Rossa, Arugula, Pinot Green, Red Romaine, and Chicory, which are called “baby leaves” and are eaten mainly by young leaves, can also be mentioned.
Examples of lettuce include head-letter lettuce, non-head-letter lettuce and semi-head-letter lettuce. (Registered trademark), ruffle leaf, fringe green, no chip, mocoretas, sanchu, chima sanchu.
Various herbs include, for example, basil, Italian parsley and the like.

  In addition, fruit vegetables such as tomato, melon, cucumber, strawberry, pumpkin, watermelon, eggplant, pepper, okra, sweet bean, broad bean, pea, shrimp, corn, radish, turnip, burdock, carrot, potato, taro, sweet potato, yam, Root vegetables such as ginger, wasabi and lotus root can also be cultivated.

(2) Fruit Trees Examples of fruit trees include mango, pineapple, fig, blueberry, raspberry, blackberry, boysenberry, grape, jasmine, cranberry, lotus cup, currant, redcurrant, papaya, passion fruit and dragon fruit.

(3) Cereals Examples of cereals include amaranth, millet, oat, barley, millet, wheat, rice, sticky rice, buckwheat, corn, pearl barley, barnyard millet, and rye.

(4) Moss, etc. The moss includes moss belonging to the Magoke class. For example, moss belonging to the genus Shimmofurigoceae (Grimmiales), which is so-called sand moss, such as Racomitrium japonicum.

  In addition to roses, mini roses, gentian, etc., various ornamental plants can be cultivated as ornamental plants.

<Example 1>
In this example, an illumination light source that can exhibit high color rendering properties in a red light environment was studied.

  As a light source of red irradiation light, Showa Denko Co., Ltd. product number HRP-350F aluminum / gallium / indium / phosphorus light emitting diode (peak wavelength 662nm, half width 16.5nm, color temperature 7841K, chromaticity coordinates (0.72, 0.28), An average color rendering index of -81) was assumed.

  A lighting fixture light source in which the color rendering property of the synthesized light is 90 or more with respect to the irradiation light source was simulated. The results are shown in FIG. (A) shows the spectrum of the irradiation light source, (B) shows the spectrum of the illuminator light source, and (C) shows the spectrum of the synthesized light.

  Peak wavelength 510nm, Gaussian delta 55nm, half width 130nm, color temperature 8004K, chromaticity coordinates (0.28, 0.36), average color rendering index 72 (see (B)) and the combined light of the illumination light source is the color temperature 6523K, chromaticity coordinates (0.31, 0.36), and average color rendering index 92 (see (C)).

  As a result of the simulation, it was found that a green light source having a wide spectrum width is excellent in color rendering of synthesized light with red irradiation light, and is suitable as a light source for lighting equipment in a red light environment.

<Example 2>
In this example, an illumination light source that can exhibit high color rendering properties in a blue light environment was studied.

  As a blue light source, assume a light emitting diode with a product number of GM2LR450G (peak wavelength: 448 nm, half width: 21.0 nm, color temperature: 1745 K, chromaticity coordinates (0.16, 0.02), average color rendering index: -69) did.

  A lighting fixture light source in which the color rendering property of the synthesized light is 90 or more with respect to the irradiation light source was simulated. The results are shown in FIG. (A) shows the spectrum of the irradiation light source, (B) shows the spectrum of the illuminator light source, and (C) shows the spectrum of the synthesized light.

  A mixed light source with a peak intensity ratio of 1: 1 of a light source having a peak wavelength of 520 nm, a Gaussian delta of 55 nm and a half-value width of 130 nm, and a light source having a peak wavelength of 620 nm, a Gaussian delta of 50 nm and a half-value width of 118 nm, and having a color temperature of 4009K and chromaticity The combined light of the light source with coordinates (0.40, 0.45) and average color rendering index 85 (see (B)) and the illumination light source has a color temperature of 6195K, chromaticity coordinates (0.32, 0.31), and average color rendering index of 91. (See (C)).

  As a result of the simulation, it was found that a mixed light source of a green light source and an orange light source having a wide spectral width is excellent in the color rendering property of the combined light with the blue irradiation light, and can be a illuminator light source in a blue light environment.

<Test Example 1>
In connection with this invention, the test groups 1-8 from which the light environment at the time of growth differed were prepared, and the correlation with the irradiation pattern of artificial light and the growth promotion effect to a plant was verified by comparing these.

A. Materials and methods (materials)
In this test example, leaf lettuce (variety: Summer Surge) was used as an observation target of the growth state. First, 6 seeds of leaf lettuce were sown on a growing peat bun at regular intervals, and germinated under fluorescent light (12 hours long). All the test groups were placed in the same light environment for 3 days from sowing to germination.
After germination, lettuce was placed in each artificial weather device with different light environment and allowed to grow for 21 days. The environment of the artificial weather device was the same except for the light irradiation conditions, and the temperature was 25 to 27 ° C. and the humidity was 50%.

(light source)
The light source for the light environment of this test example includes a red LED (center wavelength: 660 nm, Showa Denko HRP-350F), a red LED (center wavelength: 635 nm, Showa Denko HOD-350F), a blue LED (center wavelength: Three types of LEDs and fluorescent lamps were used: 450 nm, Showa Denko GM2LR450G), white LED (near ultraviolet 405 nm excitation, Kyocera TOP-V5000K). The number of mounted one LED is 240 for each of 660 nm and 635 nm for the red LED, 240 for the blue LED, and 128 for the white LED.

The light environment of test groups 1 to 10 shown in Table 1 was created using each light source. The amount of light from the light source is a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD, μmolm ⁻² s ⁻¹ ) and is about 140 μmol ⁻² s ⁻¹ (about 80 μmol ⁻² s ⁻¹ only for test group 8) at the center of the growing peat van. Adjusted. When irradiating light of a plurality of wavelengths simultaneously or alternately, the total PPFD of each irradiation light was adjusted to about 140 μmolm ⁻² s ⁻¹ . The photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD, μmolm ⁻² s ⁻¹ ) in the light environment of the test groups 1 to 10 was indicated by an average value of 5 points in the height near the soil surface that entered the growing peat van. Details of the light environment, irradiation light, and irradiation pattern of each test group will be described below.

(Test group 1)
In this test group, lettuce was alternately irradiated with red light (660 nm) and blue light (450 nm) for 12 hours. In this test group, no time for irradiating any light is provided.

As for the light environment in this test group, the PPFD averaged 80.7 μmolm ⁻² s ⁻¹ for red light (660 nm). For blue light (450 nm), the PPFD averaged 56.4 μmolm ⁻² s ⁻¹ .

(Test group 2)
In this test group, lettuce was irradiated with red light (660 nm) and blue light (450 nm) at the same time for 12 hours, and then for 12 hours, a time during which neither light was irradiated was provided, and this was repeated.

(Test group 3)
In this test group, lettuce was irradiated with red light (660 nm) and blue light (450 nm) simultaneously for 24 hours. In this test group, no time for irradiating any light is provided.

The light environment in this test group was the sum of red light (660 nm) and blue light (450 nm), with an average PPFD of 145.3 μmol ⁻² s ⁻¹ . The same applies to test group 2.

(Test group 4)
In this test group, lettuce was alternately irradiated with red light (635 nm) and blue light (450 nm) for 12 hours each. In this test group, no time for irradiating any light is provided.

(Test group 5)
In this test group, lettuce was irradiated with red light (635 nm) and blue light (450 nm) at the same time for 12 hours, and then, for 12 hours, a time during which neither light was irradiated was provided, and this was repeated.

(Test group 6)
In this test group, lettuce was irradiated with only red light (660 nm) for 12 hours, and then, for 12 hours, no light was irradiated, and this was repeated.

As for the light environment in this test group, the PPFD averaged 139.3 μmolm ⁻² s ⁻¹ .

(Test group 7)
In this test group, lettuce was irradiated with only red light (635 nm) for 12 hours, and then for 12 hours, no light was irradiated, and this was repeated.

  The PPFD of red light (635 nm) in this test group is comparable to that in test group 6.

(Test group 8)
In this test group, lettuce was irradiated with only blue light (450 nm) for 12 hours, and then, for 12 hours, no light was irradiated, and this was repeated.

The light environment in this test group was that PPFD averaged 84.1 μmolm ⁻² s ⁻¹ .

(Test group 9)
In this test group, lettuce was irradiated with only white light (excitation at 405 nm) for 12 hours, and then for 12 hours, no light was irradiated, and this was repeated.

The light environment in this test group had an average PPFD of 142.0 μmol ⁻² s ⁻¹ .

(Test group 10)
In this test group, lettuce was irradiated with only a fluorescent lamp for 12 hours, and then for 12 hours, no light was irradiated, and this was repeated.

As for the light environment in this test group, PPFD averaged 139.8 μmolm ⁻² s ⁻¹ .

B. Results After the germination, the above-mentioned test groups 1 to 10 start growing under different light environments, 7 days later (10 days after sowing of seeds), 14 days (17 days after sowing), 21 days later (24 days after sowing), respectively. At this point, the growth state was observed and measured, and comparison was made between test groups.

(7 days after growth)
FIG. 8 is a photograph showing the growth state of each test group 7 days after the start of growth under different light environments. Table 2 shows the measurement results of the stem length (mm), the first leaf length (cm), the number of true leaves (sheets), and the leaf width length (cm) in each test group at the same time. The measured value of each item describes “average value” or “minimum value-maximum value” of 6 samples sown in the same breeding peat van.

  As shown in FIG. 8 and Table 2, after 7 days of growth, lettuce under alternating irradiation of red light (660 nm) and blue light (450 nm) of test group 1 is the first leaf length compared to the other test groups. And the leaf width was shown to be long.

(After 14 days of growth)
FIG. 9 shows photographs of the growth state of each test group 14 days after the start of growth under different light environments. In each photograph, the size of the cultivated peat bun is the same. Table 3 shows the measurement results of the stem length (mm), the first leaf length (cm), the number of true leaves (sheets), and the leaf width length (cm) in each test group at the same time. The measured value of each item describes “average value” or “minimum value−maximum value” of 6 samples as in Table 2.

  9 and Table 3, after 14 days of growth, lettuce under alternating irradiation of red light (660 nm) and blue light (450 nm) of test group 1 has a longer first leaf length than the other test groups. The feature was seen. In addition, the number of true leaves in test group 1 was about 1 or 2 more than in other test groups.

(After 21 days of growth)
FIG. 10 is a photograph showing the growth state of each test group 21 days after the start of growth under different light environments. In each photograph, the size of the cultivated peat bun is the same. Table 4 shows the fresh weight (g) above ground, dry weight above ground (g), the number of leaves (sheets), stem length (cm), leaf length (cm), leaves in each test group at the same time. A comparison result is shown in which the growth result of the test group 10 (under a fluorescent lamp) is 100% with respect to the width (cm) and the petiole length (cm). As in Table 2, the measured values of each item are “average values” of 6 samples.

  In Table 4, in the lettuce under the alternate irradiation of red light (660 nm) and blue light (450 nm) in Test Group 1, the fresh weight on the ground was twice or more heavier than that in Test Group 10 (under fluorescent light). In addition, the lettuce under alternating irradiation of red light (635 nm) and blue light (450 nm) in Test Group 4 was about twice as high as the fresh weight on the ground. On the other hand, the lettuce of simultaneous irradiation of red light and blue light of test groups 2 and 5 is not as high as that of test group 1 and test group 4 in which alternate irradiation was performed, although the fresh weight of the ground part was heavier than that of test group 10. It was. In addition, the fresh weight of the above-ground part of lettuce irradiated with red light (660 nm) and blue light (450 nm) for 24 hours at the same time in test group 3 was almost the same as the weight of test group 2 whose irradiation time was halved. From this result, it was shown that alternating irradiation of red light and blue light promotes plant growth.

The number of true leaves in test group 1 was similar to that in test group 2 and test group 10 at the time after 21 days, unlike 14 days after growth. This is considered to be because the growth that increased the number of leaves in Test Group 1 reached a stagnation state between 14 and 21 days after growth.
In Test Group 1 and Test Group 4, leaf length and leaf width length were longer than in Test Group 10. This tendency was not observed in lettuce under the simultaneous irradiation conditions of red light and blue light in Test Groups 2, 3 and 5. On the other hand, in Test Group 2 and Test Group 5, the stem length was longer than that in Test Group 10. From this result, it was shown that alternating irradiation of red light and blue light can promote only leaf growth while suppressing stem length compared to simultaneous irradiation.

  Table 5 shows anabolic organs (g) and non-anabolic organs (g) in fresh ground weight (g) and dry weight (g) above each test group 21 days after the start of growth in different light environments. The ratio (%) in each total weight of g) and the ratio (%) of the dry weight (g) to the fresh weight (g) are shown.

  The above-ground fresh weight and above-ground dry weight in Test Group 1 resulted in a higher proportion of anabolic organs than in Test Group 2. In Test Group 4, the proportion of anabolic organs was higher in the above-ground fresh weight than Test Group 5. This result agrees with the results of promoting the growth of leaf parts in Test Group 1 and Test Group 4 shown in Table 4 and the observation results of the growth state in FIG.

C. Conclusion From the results of this test example, it was shown that alternating irradiation of red light and blue light promotes plant growth. It was also shown that the alternating irradiation promotes leaf growth while stem length does not. It has been clarified that this effect is not reproduced under the simultaneous irradiation of red light and blue light or one of the single irradiations, and can be obtained only by the alternate irradiation of red light and blue light.

  According to the plant cultivation system according to the present invention, the growth of plants can be promoted by a simple technique, and the number of harvests per unit time, the harvest amount, and the like can be increased. Moreover, the plant cultivated under the light irradiation of a specific wavelength range can be observed similarly to the light irradiation of white light. For this reason, the plant cultivation system etc. which concern on this invention can be used suitably for artificial cultivation, such as leaf vegetables, a fruit, and cereals.

A: illuminating tool for cultivating plant observation, 1: main body, 2: power supply, 3: illumination unit, 41: blue-green light emitting element, 42: red light emitting element, 43: green light emitting element, 5: lens, 6: reflector, 7: changeover switch, 81, 82, 83: adjustment knob, 811, 821, 831: variable resistance, 822: limiting resistance, S ₁ : red light irradiation step, S ₂ : blue light irradiation step, S ₃ : simultaneous irradiation step , S ₄ : pause step, C ₁ , C ₂ : cycle

Claims (6)

An illumination unit including a plurality of light sources having different emission wavelength ranges;
A wavelength selection unit capable of switching a light source to emit light,
Illumination for cultivating plant observation that is configured to selectively emit a light source in a light emission wavelength range different from the wavelength range of the irradiation light among the light sources with respect to a plant in an irradiation environment by irradiation light of a predetermined wavelength range Ingredients.   The illumination unit includes a light source for red light irradiation environment in which the combined light with the red light has a color temperature of 5000 to 7000K and an average color rendering index of 90 or more, and the combined light of the blue light has a color temperature of 5000 to 7000K and an average color rendering evaluation. The illuminating tool for cultivating plant observation according to claim 1, comprising a light source for blue light irradiation environment that is several 90 or more. The light source for red light irradiation environment is a blue-green light source having an emission center wavelength of 505 to 515 nm and a half-value width of 130 nm or more,
The light source for blue light irradiation environment is composed of a green light source having an emission center wavelength of 515 to 525 nm and a half-value width of 130 nm or more and a red light source having an emission center wavelength of 615 to 625 nm and a half-value width of 115 nm or more with a peak intensity ratio of 1: 1. The illuminating tool for observing a cultivated plant according to claim 2, comprising a light source.   The illuminating tool for cultivating plant observation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an intensity adjusting unit for adjusting the emission intensity of the light source.   The illuminating device for cultivating plant observation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the illuminating unit includes a reflector that emits light from the light source as parallel light rays.   The said light source is LED, The illuminating tool for cultivation plant observation as described in any one of Claims 1-5.