JP2014194030A - 冷媒2,3,3,3‐テトラフルオロ‐1‐プロペン用冷凍機油 - Google Patents
冷媒2,3,3,3‐テトラフルオロ‐1‐プロペン用冷凍機油 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】ネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール、またはジペンタエリスリトールから選ばれた1種以上と炭素数7〜9の1価脂肪酸から選ばれた1種以上とのエステルを主成分とし、40℃における動粘度が5〜300mm2/s、ヨウ素価が10gI2/100g以下、全酸価が0.1mgKOH/g以下である冷媒2,3,3,3‐テトラフルオロ‐1‐プロペン用冷凍機油。
【選択図】なし
Description
特許文献1および2には、フッ素化アルケン(フッ素置換オレフィン)を冷媒として用いる場合においても、ハイドロフルオロカーボン(HFC)冷媒用に通常用いられてるポリオールエステル類、ポリアルキレングリコール類およびエステル化ポリアルキレングリコール類等の潤滑剤を使用できることが開示されている。しかしながら、冷凍機油に必須の性能である相溶性、溶解性、冷媒混合状態での潤滑性等は、冷媒の種類により異なるので、フッ素化アルカンであるHFC冷媒で良好であったからといって、そのままフッ素化アルケンのHFO‐1234yf冷媒に良好に用いることができるとは一概にはいえない。特に、冷媒が二重結合を有するオレフィンであるために、冷媒と潤滑剤との混合流体の安定性が問題となる。すなわち、冷媒HFO‐1234yfに好適な潤滑剤は、上述したような性能を評価することにより分かるものであり、未だそれはなされておらず、適切な冷凍機油は未だ提案されていない。
(1)実施例1の供試油:ネオペンチルグリコール(NPG)と2‐エチルヘキサン酸(2EH)とのエステル
(2)実施例2の供試油:トリメチロールプロパン(TMP)と3,5,5‐トリメチルヘキサン酸(3,5,5TH)とのエステル
(3)実施例3の供試油:ペンタエリスリトール(PE)と2‐エチルヘキサン酸とのエステル
(4)実施例4の供試油:ペンタエリスリトールと2-エチルヘキサン酸/3,5,5‐トリメチルヘキサン酸がモル比で1/1の混合酸とのエステルに、添加剤としてヒンダードフェノール化合物である、ジ‐tert.‐ブチル‐p‐クレゾール(DBPC)を0.5重量%添加した油
(5)実施例5の供試油:ペンタエリスリトールと3,5,5‐トリメチルヘキサン酸のエステルに、添加剤として芳香族アミン化合物であるジオクチル‐ジフェニルアミン(DODA)を0.3重量%とエポキシ化合物である2‐エチルヘキシルグリシジルエーテル(2‐EHGE)を0.5重量%添加した油
(6)実施例6の供試油:ペンタエリスリトール/ジペンタエリスリトール(D‐PE)がモル比で1/1の混合アルコールと3,5,5‐トリメチルヘキサン酸とのエステルに、添加剤としてジフェニルカルボジイミド(DPCI)を0.1重量%添加した油
(7)実施例7の供試油:ジペンタエリスリトールと2‐エチルヘキサン酸/3,5,5‐トリメチルヘキサン酸がモル比で2/8の混合酸とのエステルに、添加剤としてエポキシ化合物であるネオデシルグリシジルエステル(NDGE)を1.2重量%とカルボジイミドであるビス(ジブチルフェニル)カルボジイミド(BDCI)を1.0重量%添加した油
(8)実施例8の供試油:ジペンタエリスリトールと3,5,5‐トリメチルヘキサン酸のエステルに、添加剤としてジ‐tert.−ブチル‐p‐クレゾールを0.3重量%、2‐エチルヘキシルグリシジルエーテルを0.5重量%、ジフェニルカルボジイミドを0.1重量%添加した油
(9)比較例1の供試油:トリメチロールプロパンとオレイン酸(OA)とのエステル
(10)比較例2の供試油:ペンタエリスリトールとオレイン酸とのエステルに、添加剤としてジ‐tert.‐ブチル‐p‐クレゾールを0.3重量%、2‐エチルヘキシルグリシジルエーテルを0.5重量%、ジフェニルカルボジイミドを0.1重量%添加した油
(11)比較例3の供試油:ペンタエリスリトールとi‐ペンタン酸/n‐ペンタン酸/n‐ヘプタン酸/n‐オクチル酸がモル比で1/3/2/4の混合酸とのエステル
(12)比較例4の供試油:ポリアルキレングリコール(PAG、末端がブチル基と水酸基であり骨格部がオキシプロピレン、平均分子量が1100)に、添加剤としてエポキシ化合物であるネオデシルグリシジルエステル(NDGE)を1.2重量%とカルボジイミドであるビス(ジブチルフェニル)カルボジイミド(BDCI)を1.0重量%添加した油
(13)比較例5の供試油:変性ポリアルキレングリコール(変性PAG)、CH3(PO)m(EO)nCH3(m/n=8/2、POはオキシプロピレン、EOはオキシエチレン、平均分子量=1100)
(14)比較例6の供試油:ポリアルファオレフィン(PAO、デセンの重合体)
なお、動粘度はJIS K2283に、ヨウ素価はJIS K0070に、全酸価及び水酸基価はJIS K2501に、それぞれ準拠し、測定した。
JIS K2211の「冷媒との相溶性試験方法」に準じ、冷媒HFO‐1234yfとの油分率10質量%での二層分離温度を測定した。
(熱安定性)
ANSI/ASHRAE97−1983に準じ、供試油(20g)とHFO‐1234yf(20g)と触媒(鉄、銅、アルミニウムの各線)をステンレス製ボンベ(100ml)に封入し、175℃に加熱して14日間保持した後、供試油の色相(ASTM表示)および酸価を測定した。
(潤滑性)
ASTM D−3233−73に準拠し、ファレックス(Falex)焼付荷重をHFO‐1234yfの吹き込み制御雰囲気下(70ml/min)で測定した。
JIS C2101に基づき80℃における体積抵抗率を求めた。
(吸湿性)
100mlビーカにサンプル油60gを入れ、温度25℃、湿度70%の雰囲気にて開放状態で3時間静置後、水分濃度をカールフィッシャー法により測定した。
比較例1、2のエステルの場合、酸のカ−ボン数が大きすぎるとHFO‐1234yfと相溶せず、またヨウ素価が高いと熱安定性が極めて悪く、添加剤による大幅な改善も見られない。比較例3のエステルは炭素数5の酸(ペンタン酸)が使われているため、冷媒HFO‐1234yfとは相溶するものの、加水分解されやすい短鎖の酸のため熱安定性が悪くなっている。また電気絶縁性も低く、吸湿性が高い。比較例4、5のエーテルは冷媒と相溶するものもあるが(比較例5)、その相溶範囲は狭く、体積抵抗率で示される電気特性が本発明のエステルより約1000倍悪く、かつ熱安定性も悪く、さらには、吸湿性も高く、冷凍機油として適さないことが分かる。比較例6の合成炭化水素油であるPAOは極性が無いためHFO‐1234yfとは全く相溶せず、使えない。
Claims (4)
- ネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール、またはジペンタエリスリトールから選択される1種以上と炭素数7〜9の1価脂肪酸から選ばれた1種以上とのエステルを50重量%以上含有し、かつヒンダードフェノール化合物又は芳香族アミン化合物、及びエポキシ化合物を、合計で0.05〜3重量%添加した40℃における動粘度が5〜300mm2/s、ヨウ素価が10gI2/100g以下、全酸価が0.1mgKOH/g以下である冷媒2,3,3,3‐テトラフルオロ‐1‐プロペン用冷凍機油。
- 1価脂肪酸が2‐エチルヘキサン酸及び/または3,5,5‐トリメチルヘキサン酸であるエステルを主成分とする請求項1に記載の冷媒2,3,3,3‐テトラフルオロ‐1‐プロペン用冷凍機油。
- ペンタエリスリトールおよび/またはジペンタエリスリトールと2‐エチルヘキサン酸10〜90重量部と3,5,5‐トリメチルヘキサン酸90〜10重量部の酸混合物とのエステルを主成分とすることからなる請求項1または2に記載の冷媒2,3,3,3‐テトラフルオロ‐1‐プロペン用冷凍機油。
- さらに、カルボジイミドを、ヒンダードフェノール化合物又は芳香族アミン化合物、及びエポキシ化合物と合わせて0.05〜3重量%添加したことからなる請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の冷媒2,3,3,3‐テトラフルオロ‐1‐プロペン用冷凍機油。
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| JP5597539B2 (ja) | 2014-10-01 |
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| WO2010029704A1 (ja) | 2010-03-18 |
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