JP2019077723A - 抗CTLA−4抗体又は抗PD−1抗体との併用におけるIL−2Rβ選択的作動薬 - Google Patents
抗CTLA−4抗体又は抗PD−1抗体との併用におけるIL−2Rβ選択的作動薬 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2014年10月29日に出願されたインド特許出願第3087/DEL/2014号明細書、及び2014年2月21日に出願されたインド特許出願第499/DEL/2014号明細書に対する優先権の利益を主張するものであり、これらの特許出願の開示は全体として参照により本明細書に援用される。
癌の治療におけるIL−2Rβ選択的作動薬の投与による癌患者の免疫系の動員(これは直接の免疫活性化である)は、免疫抑制経路の拮抗薬(例えば、CTLA−4及びPD−1の拮抗薬)を投与することによってさらに増強し得る。
本発明の実施形態において、例えば以下の項目が提供される。
(項目1)
癌に罹患している患者に投与する方法であって、(a)IL−2Rβ活性化量の長時間作用型IL−2Rβ選択的作動薬;及び(b)CTLA−4経路阻害量の抗CTLA−4抗体又はPD−1経路阻害量の抗PD−1抗体のステップを含む方法。
(項目2)
前記患者がヒトである、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目3)
前記癌が固形癌である、項目1又は2に記載の方法。
(項目4)
前記固形癌が、乳癌、卵巣癌、結腸癌、結腸直腸癌、胃癌、悪性黒色腫、肝癌、小細胞肺癌、非小細胞肺癌、甲状腺癌、腎癌、胆管癌、脳癌、子宮頸癌、上顎洞癌、膀胱癌、食道癌、ホジキン病及び副腎皮質癌からなる群から選択される、項目1又は2に記載の方法。
(項目5)
前記癌が結腸癌である、項目3に記載の方法。
(項目6)
前記癌が乳癌である、項目3に記載の方法。
(項目7)
ステップ(a)がステップ(b)を行う前に行われる、項目1又は2に記載の方法。
(項目8)
(a)がステップ(b)を行った後に行われる、項目1又は2に記載の方法。
(項目9)
ステップ(a)及び(b)が同時に行われる、項目1又は2に記載の方法。
(式中、IL−2はIL−2の残基である)、及びその薬学的に許容可能な塩を含む組成物である。1つ又は複数の実施形態において、この組成物は、10%以下(モル量基準で)、好ましくは5%以下(モル量基準で)の以下の式に包含される化合物
(式中、IL−2はIL−2の残基であり、(n)は1、2、3、7及び>7からなる群から選択される整数である)、及びその薬学的に許容可能な塩を含む。
mPEG2−C2−fmoc−20K−NHSによるrIL−2のPEG化
mPEG2−C2−fmoc−20K−NHSによるrIL−2のPEG化については、以前、国際公開第2012/065085号パンフレットの実施例2に報告されている。そこでは、合成によって4mer、3mer、2mer及び1merの混合物が生じることが報告された。しかしながら、反応物をさらに分析すると、より高度な結合(例えば、5mer、6mer及び7mer)もまた生成されたことが明らかになった。本合成は、mPEG2−C2−fmoc−20K−NHSによってIL−2をPEG化するスケールアップした手法に相当する。
雌BALB/cマウスのCT26腫瘍モデルに対する抗CTLA−4抗体との併用におけるRSLAIL−2の有効性の判定
この試験の目的は、雌BALB/cマウスのCT26マウス結腸癌腫瘍モデルで抗CTLA−4抗体との併用におけるRSLAIL−2の抗腫瘍活性を判定することであった。
Diego California)によって比較すると、全ての治療群が媒体対照群と有意に異なることが示された。
%TGI=(1−(相対腫瘍容積(%)治療群÷相対腫瘍容積(%)対照群)×100
雌BALB/cマウスのEMT6腫瘍モデルに対する抗CTLA−4抗体との併用におけるRSLAIL−2の有効性の判定
この試験の目的は、雌BALB/cマウスのEMT6マウス乳癌腫瘍モデルに対する抗CTLA−4抗体との併用におけるRSLAIL−2の抗腫瘍活性を判定することであった。
Diego California)によって比較すると、媒体対照(群1)と群2(抗CTLA−4抗体治療)及び群5(0日目に開始した抗CTLA−4抗体+4日目に開始したRSLAIL−2)との間に有意な差が示された。群1(媒体対照)と群3(RSLAIL−2単独)及び群4(両治療ともに0日目に開始したRSLAIL−2+抗CTLA−4抗体)との間には、統計学的差異は認められなかった。
%TGI=(1−(相対腫瘍容積(%)治療群÷相対腫瘍容積(%)対照群)×100
雌BALB/cマウスのEMT6腫瘍モデルに対する抗CTLA−4抗体を伴うProleukin治療と比較した抗CTLA−4抗体との併用におけるRSLAIL−2の有効性の判定
この試験の目的は、雌BALB/cマウスのEMT6マウス乳癌腫瘍モデルに対する抗CTLA−4抗体との併用におけるRSLAIL−2の抗腫瘍活性を判定し、それをProleukinと比較することである。
%TGI=(1−(相対腫瘍容積(%)治療群÷相対腫瘍容積(%)対照群)×100
雌BALB/cマウスのEMT6腫瘍モデルに対する抗CTLA−4抗体との併用におけるRSLAIL−2を調べる有効性試験(フローサイトメトリー解析のため0、3及び11日目に試料採取)
前出の併用RSLAIL−2及び抗CTLA−4抗体有効性試験は、EMT6マウス乳房モデルにおける相乗作用を示唆している。この試験の目的は、雌BALB/cマウスのEMT6マウス乳癌腫瘍モデルに対する抗CTLA−4抗体との併用におけるRSLAIL−2の抗腫瘍活性を判定/評価することであった。加えて、併用による有効性に関与する免疫集団を同定するため、治療開始後0、3及び11日目に組織(腫瘍及び脾臓)を採取し、処理した。組織に浸潤した免疫細胞の同定及び定量化は、フローサイトメトリー解析によって判定した。治療群間で結果を比較した。
この試験では、各群3〜10匹の動物を含む6治療群とした。抗体対照、0、4、及び8日目に100ug/マウスで投与されるIgG2a(群1);4及び8日目に100ug/マウスで投与される抗CTLA−4抗体治療(群2);4日目〜8日目に0.5mg/kgで投与されるProleukin治療(群3);及び4日目に0.8mg/kgで単回投与されるRSLAIL−2治療(群5)を組み入れた。また、抗CTLA−4抗体(0、4、及び8日目に投与される100ug/マウス)とProleukin(4日目〜8日目に投与される0.5mg/kg)との併用(群4)又はRSLAIL−2(4日目に投与される0.8mg/kg)との併用(群6)で治療される3群も組み入れた。
採取した組織試料を、メスを使用して手作業で細かく刻み、続いて37℃でインキュベートして13分間酵素消化させた。消化緩衝液の成分は、PBS/BSA中2.5mg/mlコラゲナーゼII型(GIBCO BRL)、2.5mg/mlコラゲナーゼIV型(GIBCO BRL)、及びO.5mg/ml DNアーゼ(Sigma−Aldrich)であった。インキュベーション後、10%FBS(熱失活;GIBCO BRL)を含有するウェイマスMB(GIBCO BRL)を添加することによって消化をクエンチし、70uMナイロンフィルタ(Falcon)でろ過して単一細胞懸濁液を得た。細胞をHBSSで洗浄して遠心し、次に新鮮なHBSS中に再懸濁した。各試料からカウント用のアリコートを取り、次にeFlour−450生細胞染色剤で染色した。次に試料を96ディープウェルプレートにプレーティングし、染色してフローサイトメトリー解析用に収集した。
0日目に3匹の未処置動物を犠牲にした。3日目に群1(アイソタイプ対照の投与を受けた)及び群6(抗CTLA−4抗体治療のみの投与を受けた)の3匹の動物を犠牲にし、及び治療開始後11日目に全ての群1〜6の3匹の動物を犠牲にした。
雌BALB/cマウスのCT26マウス結腸癌腫瘍成長に対するRSLAIL−2及び抗PD−1抗体による併用免疫療法の有効性
この試験の目的は、雌BALB/cマウスのCT26マウス結腸癌腫瘍モデルに対するRSLAIL−2及び抗PD−1抗体による併用免疫療法の抗腫瘍活性を判定することであった。
%TGI=(1−(相対腫瘍容積(%)治療群÷相対腫瘍容積(%)対照群)×100
Windows、GraphPad Software、San Diego California)を使用して平均腫瘍容積四倍化時間(TVQT)(腫瘍がその初期容積の4倍に成長するのにかかる日単位の時間)を内挿することにより、腫瘍成長遅延(TGD)を評価した。平均腫瘍容積四倍化時間は対照腫瘍について5.2日、群3(抗PD−1抗体)について7.6日、群3(RSLAIL−2)について8.2日及び併用免疫療法群(群4)について15.6であった。群2、群3及び群4の平均腫瘍成長遅延はそれぞれ2.4日、3.0日及び10.4日であった。表4を参照のこと。
再攻撃試験:
RSLAIL−2及び抗CTLA−4による有効な併用免疫療法後のEMT6マウス乳癌腫瘍による無腫瘍動物の再攻撃
この例の目的は、EMT6乳癌腫瘍を移植したマウスをRSLAIL−2及び市販のげっ歯類抗CTLA−4チェックポイント遮断抗体を使用した併用免疫療法で治療したときの有効性の程度及び持続時間を判定することであった。既に実施例2〜6で実証されたとおり、この併用によって有意な無腫瘍動物が生じ、EMT6腫瘍細胞又はCT26腫瘍細胞で無腫瘍動物を再攻撃することによって、この併用が腫瘍特異的応答を誘発する能力が判定される。
インビボ枯渇試験:
RSLAIL−2と抗CTLA−4又は抗PD−1とによる有効な併用免疫療法後に細胞傷害性免疫細胞集団がEMT6マウス乳癌腫瘍に対する抗腫瘍免疫に及ぼす寄与の評価
この例の目的は、RSLAIL−2をCTLA−4又はPD−1の抗体遮断による免疫チェックポイント阻害と併用したときの抗腫瘍有効性に対するナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞及びCD8+細胞傷害性Tリンパ球の相対的寄与を評価することであった。
Software、San Diego California)を利用して11日目の対照動物(553%)及び治療動物(128%)の平均相対腫瘍容積を用いて計算すると、RSLAIL−2及び抗CTLA−4治療群において76.9%(p<0.05)の腫瘍成長阻害(TGI)を示した。
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