JP2020042021A - 多数のアバランシェフォトダイオード素子を用いた光の検出 - Google Patents
多数のアバランシェフォトダイオード素子を用いた光の検出 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4816—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of receivers alone
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/4861—Circuits for detection, sampling, integration or read-out
- G01S7/4863—Detector arrays, e.g. charge-transfer gates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/4228—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors arrangements with two or more detectors, e.g. for sensitivity compensation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
- G01S17/10—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S17/894—Three-dimensional [3D] imaging with simultaneous measurement of time-of-flight at a two-dimensional [2D] array of receiver pixels, e.g. time-of-flight cameras or flash lidar
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4817—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements relating to scanning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/4865—Time delay measurement, e.g. time-of-flight measurement, time of arrival measurement or determining the exact position of a peak
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/487—Extracting wanted echo signals, e.g. pulse detection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/497—Means for monitoring or calibrating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/95—Circuit arrangements
- H10F77/953—Circuit arrangements for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/959—Circuit arrangements for devices having potential barriers for devices working in avalanche mode
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
- G01J2001/4406—Plural ranges in circuit, e.g. switchable ranges; Adjusting sensitivity selecting gain values
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
- G01J2001/4446—Type of detector
- G01J2001/446—Photodiode
- G01J2001/4466—Avalanche
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
- G01J2001/4446—Type of detector
- G01J2001/448—Array [CCD]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
- G01S17/10—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
- G01S17/18—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves wherein range gates are used
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
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- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- それぞれ降伏電圧を超えるバイアス電圧でバイアスをかけることが可能であり、それによってガイガーモードで駆動可能である多数のアバランシェフォトダイオード素子(24)であって、複数のグループを形成しているアバランシェフォトダイオード素子(24)と、各グループのアバランシェフォトダイオード素子(24)の感度を変更するための制御ユニット(30)とを有する受光器(22)において、
前記制御ユニット(30)が、各グループのアバランシェフォトダイオード素子(24)の感度を該グループに割り当てられた少なくとも1つの時点において変更するように構成されており、前記複数のグループには異なる時点が割り当てられていることを特徴とする受光器(22)。 - 前記制御ユニット(30)がバイアス電圧を降伏電圧より高くすることによりアバランシェフォトダイオード素子を作動状態にする及び/又はバイアス電圧を降伏電圧より低くすることによりアバランシェフォトダイオード素子を非作動状態にするように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の受光器(22)。
- 制御ユニット(30)が、前記グループに割り当てられた、降伏電圧より高い超過電圧を通じて感度を変更するように構成されていることされていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の受光器(22)。
- 前記アバランシェフォトダイオード素子(24)の信号から光パルスの光伝播時間を測定するように構成された光伝播時間測定ユニット(28)が設けられていることを特徴とするする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の受光器(22)。
- 前記時点がグループ毎に少なくとも1つの適応化時間窓を規定し、該適応化時間窓の始点において前記制御ユニット(30)が前記アバランシェフォトダイオード素子(24)をグループに割り当てられた感度に設定し、該適応化時間窓の終点において前記制御ユニット(30)が前記アバランシェフォトダイオード素子(24)を直前の感度に設定することを特徴とするする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の受光器(22)。
- 前記異なるグループに割り当てられた前記時点が事象時間窓にわたって配分されていることを特徴とするする請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の受光器(22)。
- 前記事象時間窓が光パルスに応じた幅を有していることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の受光器(22)。
- 前記時点が、その都度交互に別のグループのアバランシェフォトダイオード素子(24)が、特に周期的な繰り返しをもって、高い感度を有する状態になるように配分されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の受光器(22)。
- 前記アバランシェフォトダイオード素子(24)がマトリックス配列を形成し、該マトリックス配列をラスタ要素(32)から成るラスタに分割したときに各グループが各ラスタ要素(32)内に少なくとも1つのアバランシェフォトダイオード素子(24)を備えていることを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の受光器(22)。
- 2つのグループのアバランシェフォトダイオード素子(24)がチェス盤のパターンを形成していることを特徴とする請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の受光器(22)。
- 2つの異なるグループからそれぞれ選ばれた2つのアバランシェフォトダイオード(2a及び24b)が、少なくとも1つの前段アバランシェフォトダイオード(24a)と1つの後段アバランシェフォトダイオード素子(24b)を有する少なくとも二重のアバランシェフォトダイオード(124)を形成し、その前段アバランシェフォトダイオード(24a)のアバランシェ降伏が、特に後段アバランシェフォトダイオード素子(24b)のバイアス電圧の変化を生じさせることにより、該後段アバランシェフォトダイオード(24b)の感度を変化させること、又はその逆であることを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の受光器(22)。
- 前記二重のアバランシェフォトダイオード(124)に、アバランシェ降伏の前のアイドル状態のときに前記前段アバランシェフォトダイオード(24a)を降伏電圧より高いバイアス電圧に、前記後段アバランシェフォトダイオード(24b)を降伏電圧より低いバイアス電圧にそれぞれ保つ又はその逆に保つ配線ユニット(V、R1、R2、34)が割り当てられており、特に該配線ユニットが電圧分割回路(R1、R2、34)を備えていることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の受光器(22)。
- 前記前段アバランシェフォトダイオード(24a)におけるアバランシェ降伏の後、前記後段アバランシェフォトダイオード(24b)を事前に設定可能な遅延時間の後に作動状態又は非作動状態にする又はその逆にする遅延回路が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項11又は12に記載の受光器(22)。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の受光器(22)を少なくとも1つ備える光電センサ(10)であって、特に該センサ(10)が光信号(14)を送出するための発光器(12)と光伝播時間測定ユニット(28)とを備える距離測定型センサであり、前記光伝播時間測定ユニット(28)が前記光信号(14)の送出と監視領域(16)から物体(18)により反射される該光信号(20)の受光との間の光伝播時間から該物体(18)の距離を測定するように構成されていることを特徴とする光電センサ(10)。
- 多数のアバランシェフォトダイオード素子(24)を用いた光(20)の検出方法であって、前記アバランシェフォトダイオード素子(24)に降伏電圧より高いバイアス電圧が少なくとも時々印加され、それによりガイガーモードで駆動され、該アバランシェフォトダイオード素子(24)が複数のグループを形成し、各グループのアバランシェフォトダイオード素子(24)の感度が変更される方法において、
各グループのアバランシェフォトダイオード素子(24)の感度が該グループに割り当てられた少なくとも1つの時点において変更され、前記複数のグループには異なる時点が割り当てられていることを特徴とする方法。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018120141.9 | 2018-08-17 | ||
| DE102018120141.9A DE102018120141A1 (de) | 2018-08-17 | 2018-08-17 | Erfassen von Licht mit einer Vielzahl von Lawinenphotodiodenelementen |
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| JP2020042021A true JP2020042021A (ja) | 2020-03-19 |
| JP6907275B2 JP6907275B2 (ja) | 2021-07-21 |
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| US (1) | US11294037B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3611535B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6907275B2 (ja) |
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| EP3611535A1 (de) | 2020-02-19 |
| EP3611535B1 (de) | 2021-07-14 |
| CN110888117B (zh) | 2022-11-15 |
| US11294037B2 (en) | 2022-04-05 |
| CN110888117A (zh) | 2020-03-17 |
| US20200057146A1 (en) | 2020-02-20 |
| DE102018120141A1 (de) | 2020-02-20 |
| JP6907275B2 (ja) | 2021-07-21 |
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