JP2023068942A - structures and kits - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a structure for forming a three-dimensional green space. A structure for shaping a three-dimensional green space is provided according to one aspect of the present invention. This structure has a planting section. The planting section includes a planting surface and a soil holding section. The planting surface is configured to allow plants to be planted, and has communication holes communicating with the rear surface thereof. The soil holding part is a space whose shape is defined by the planting surface, and holds the soil in an arbitrary three-dimensional shape. The communication hole and the soil holding portion are spatially continuous. [Selection drawing] Fig. 1

Description

The present invention relates to constructs and kits.

Structures for greening the ground are known. Patent Literature 1 discloses a lawn protection material having a grid-like shape.

JP 2013-135642 A

However, in the prior art described in Patent Document 1, it is not possible to green the three-dimensional uplifted soil, and there is a limit to the shape of the green space that can be designed.

In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides a structure for forming a three-dimensional green space.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a structure for shaping a three-dimensional green space is provided. This structure has a planting section. The planting section includes a planting surface and a soil holding section. The planting surface is configured to allow plants to be planted, and has communication holes communicating with the back surface thereof. The soil holding part is a space whose shape is defined by the planting surface, and holds the soil in an arbitrary three-dimensional shape. The communication hole and the soil holding portion are spatially continuous.

According to such an aspect, it is possible to provide a structure for shaping a three-dimensional green space.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a perspective view which shows the whole image of the structure 1 which is 1st Embodiment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a perspective view which shows the whole image of the structure 1 which is 1st Embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a kit 2 of a second embodiment using the AA cross-sectional view in FIG. 1; It is a perspective view which shows the whole image of a modification. FIG. 5 is an enlarged view showing a modified example viewed from a viewpoint B in FIG. 4 ;

Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings. Various features shown in the embodiments shown below can be combined with each other. A person who uses the structure 1 and the kit 2 is hereinafter referred to as a user. A user may be a person who landscapes a home garden as a hobby, or a designer or a civil engineer who undertakes the landscaping of parks, sidewalks, roof gardens, theme parks, golf courses, private gardens, etc. good too.

1. First Embodiment Hereinafter, the structure 1 of the first embodiment will be described in detail.

<Configuration of Structure 1>
1st Embodiment is the structure 1 for shaping a three-dimensional green space. 1 and 2 are perspective views showing an overall image of the structure 1 of the first embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the structure 1 includes a planting portion 10 and a reinforcing portion 14. As shown in FIGS. Specifically, the planting portion 10 may have a three-dimensional structure having a convex portion 10a and a concave portion 10b. Specifically, the reinforcing portion 14 may be a plate-like or strut-like structure located in the recess 10b of the planting portion 10 . Note that the reinforcing portion 14 is not an essential component.

The planting section 10 includes a planting surface 11 and a soil holding section 13 . The planting surface 11 has a communication hole 12 that communicates with its back surface. Specifically, the planting surface 11 may be a surface extending to the convex portion 10 a of the planting portion 10 . The planting plane 11 may be a plane that is substantially perpendicular to the growing direction of the plant or the growing direction of the roots of the plant (hereinafter referred to as the growing direction or the like). Specifically, for example, the angle between the growing direction and the planting surface 11 is 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, and 120°. may be within a range between any two of the numerical values exemplified in .

The structure 1 may be installed on the ground with the side shown in FIG. 1, that is, the side of the planting surface 11 facing upward. Preferably, when the structure 1 is installed on the ground, the end of the planting surface 11 is configured to be in contact with the ground surface. More preferably, the end portion of the planting surface 11 and the end portion of the reinforcing portion 14 are configured to contact the ground surface. Such an aspect improves the stability when the structure 1 is placed on the ground.

The soil holding portion 13 is a space S whose shape is defined by the planting surface 11 . Specifically, the soil holding portion 13 may be the space S existing in the back side of the planting surface 11 , that is, in the concave portion 10 b of the planting portion 10 . The communication hole 12 in the planting surface 11 and the soil holding portion 13 are spatially continuous. According to this aspect, oxygen can be supplied from the outside through the communication hole 12 into the soil 21 (see FIG. 3, which will be described later). In addition, plants placed on the planting surface 11 can take root in the soil 21 through the communication holes 12 . That is, it is possible to provide the structure 1 that allows plants to grow.

<Shape of Structure 1>
The structure 1 can be used to hold soil in an arbitrary shape and form a three-dimensional green space. As an example, in the structure 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, it is possible to form a three-dimensional star-shaped raised green area.

A planting surface 11 in the planting unit 10 is configured to allow plants to be planted. Specifically, the planting surface 11 is a surface that has an arbitrary three-dimensional shape and is configured so that plants can be planted. For example, the planting surface 11 may have a shape including a flat surface, a curved surface, or a combination thereof. Although FIG. 1 shows the planting surface 11 formed in a star shape by combining planes as an example, the shape of the planting surface 11 is not limited as long as it is a shape that can be manufactured. The planting surface 11 may be, for example, a shape with motifs such as hearts, stars, spades, plants, animals, people or characters, geometric shapes such as circles, ovals or polygons, shapes representing letters or numbers, Or it may be a shape combining these.

The planting of plants on the planting surface 11 may be performed by covering the planting surface 11 with a planting substrate. The vegetation substrate may be one used in general civil engineering work, and may be, for example, a mixture of materials selected from soil, substrate material, cement, fertilizer, water, plant seeds, and the like. Planting of plants may be performed by spraying these materials onto the planting surface 11, or may be performed by attaching a sheet or mat to which these materials are attached onto the planting surface 11. .

Plants to be planted on the planting surface 11 are not particularly limited as long as they are horticultural plants, but perennials are preferable from the viewpoint of ease of maintenance of green spaces. More preferably, the plant to be planted on the planting surface 11 is the grass seedling 22 from the viewpoint of being a durable plant. More preferably, the grass seedling 22 is a grass seedling 22 that is planted on a sheet-like or roll-like base material and traded in the market, from the viewpoint that the planting work can be easily performed. The grass variety may be Japanese grass or Western grass, and is not particularly limited. The sheet-like or roll-shaped lawn seedling 22 may be planted by being affixed along the surface of the planting surface 11 and fixed with a skewer.

The thickness of the planting surface 11 is preferably 1 mm or more and 50 mm or less from the viewpoint of securing the strength required during transportation and installation of the structure 1 and not suppressing the growth of plants. Specifically, for example, the thickness of the planting surface 11 is 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 mm, and may be in the range between any two of the values exemplified herein.

When the structure 1 is installed on the ground, it is preferable that the end of the planting surface 11 is in contact with the ground surface. More preferably, the structure 1 has an insertion portion (not shown) positioned at the end of the planting surface 11 . Specifically, the insertion part may be a comb tooth extending from the edge of the planting surface 11 and inserted into the ground. According to this aspect, since the structure 1 is fixed to the ground, it is possible to prevent the structure 1 from moving due to an external force, wind and rain, or the like.

Preferably, the planting surface 11 further has an uneven structure (not shown). The concave-convex structure may be, for example, a rib-like, waffle-like, embossed, comb-like structure, or the like. Further, the uneven structure may be configured so that the grass seedling 22 can be fixed on the planting surface 11 . More preferably, the uneven structure is a comb tooth structure extending from the surface of the planting surface 11 . Here, the comb tooth structure has a plurality of comb teeth, and is configured such that the lawn seedling 22 can be fixed by inserting the comb teeth into the lawn seedling 22 on a sheet or roll. According to this aspect, it is possible to prevent the grass seedlings 22 from slipping down on the sloped planting surface 11, and the user can install the grass seedlings 22 at the intended position. In other words, it is possible to provide the structure 1 capable of forming a beautiful green space in which the grass seedlings 22 are planted as intended by the user.

The height of the uneven structure, that is, the height difference of the uneven structure, is specifically, for example, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0, from the viewpoint of realizing a structure that allows plants to take root easily and suppressing manufacturing costs. .4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 , 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 mm and within the range between any two of the values exemplified here There may be.

The soil holding portion 13, that is, the space S whose shape is defined by the planting surface 11, holds the soil 21 (see FIG. 3, which will be described later) in an arbitrary three-dimensional shape. Specifically, the space S is a space S that is configured to accommodate soil 21 for plants to take root. The type of the soil 21 held by the soil holding unit 13 is not limited as long as it is soil for gardening. preferably. For example, it may be natural soil, artificial soil, or the like, and when used for greening the roof of a building, lightweight artificial soil may be used.

The shape of the communication hole 12 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, circular, polygonal, or slit-like. Although the number of communication holes 12 is not particularly limited, it is preferable that a plurality of communication holes 12 exist from the viewpoint of improving the growing environment of plants. More preferably, the ratio of the total area of communicating holes 12 to the area of planting surface 11 is 10% or more and 80% or less. Such an aspect ensures the strength for the structure 1 to hold the soil 21 and makes it easier for plants to take root in the soil 21 . Specifically, for example, the ratio of the total area of communicating holes 12 to the area of planting surface 11 is 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80%, and may be in the range between any two of the numerical values exemplified herein.

The reinforcement part 14 is positioned on the back side of the planting surface 11 and configured to reinforce the shape. That is, preferably, the structure 1 further has a reinforcing portion 14 . According to such an aspect, even if the planting surface 11 has a complicated shape, the strength of the structure 1 can be maintained. That is, it is possible to provide the structure 1 capable of forming a more complicated green space. The reinforcing part 14 may be integrated with the planting part 10 or may be a separate part. The reinforcement part 14 may be, for example, a rib structure including a plurality of plate-like members, a framework structure including a plurality of struts and beams, or a combination thereof. When the reinforcing portion 14 is separate from the planting portion 10, the reinforcing portion 14 and the planting portion 10 may have locking portions so that they can be connected to each other.

When the structure 1 is placed on the ground, it is preferable that the ends of the reinforcements 14 are in contact with the ground surface. More preferably, the ends of reinforcement 14 are inserted into the ground. According to this aspect, a part of the reinforcing part 14 is buried in the ground, and the structure 1 is fixed to the ground, so that the structure 1 can be prevented from moving due to external force, wind and rain, and the like.

Preferably, the reinforcement part 14 has a rib structure located on the back side of the planting surface 11 . Specifically, the rib structure may be a plurality of plate-like members extending from the rear surface of the planting surface 11 . The plurality of plate-shaped members may be arranged in parallel with a predetermined interval, or may be arranged in a grid-like combination. According to such an aspect, it becomes possible to easily manufacture the structure 1 having the reinforcing portion 14 . That is, it is possible to provide the structure 1 with lower manufacturing cost and higher strength.

The thickness of the rib structure may be 0.3 mm or more and 20 mm or less from the viewpoint of reinforcing the planted portion 10 and suppressing manufacturing costs. Specifically, the thickness of the rib structure is, for example, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 mm, even within the range between any two of the values illustrated here good.

Preferably, the reinforcing part 14 is separate from the planting part 10 and configured to be assembled by the user. With this aspect, there are no design restrictions for making the planting portion 10 and the reinforcing portion 14 integrally manufacturable, and the user can form a green space with a more free shape. More preferably, the planting section 10 has grooves, guides, side walls, etc. for determining the position of the reinforcing section 14 . Such an aspect allows the user to easily assemble the structure 1 .

<Material of Structure 1>
The structure 1 may be a molded body molded by any method. As a molding method, methods such as injection molding, press molding, blow molding, and molding using a 3D printer may be used. The material of structure 1 is not particularly limited, but the material of structure 1 preferably contains a biodegradable material. According to such an aspect, since a part of the structure 1 is decomposed in the soil 21, the load on the environment can be reduced. More preferably, the material of structure 1 is a biodegradable material. According to this aspect, since the structure 1 is decomposed in the soil 21 after being installed, the load on the environment can be further reduced.

The biodegradable material may be naturally derived raw materials, biodegradable plastics, and the like. Raw materials of natural origin may be formed using raw materials such as lignin, cellulose, chitosan, calcium phosphate, starch, gelatin, and the like. Specifically, waste paper, dead leaves, dead branches, wood scraps, inedible parts of agricultural products, bones of organisms, shells of crustaceans, etc. are crushed into raw materials. Arbitrary shaped structures 1 may be molded by hardening.

The structure 1 may contain materials other than biodegradable materials. For example, it may contain a plastic material, a filler for improving the strength of the material, an additive for improving the moldability of the material, a fertilizer for promoting plant growth, an agricultural chemical, and the like.

More preferably, the biodegradable material is biodegradable plastic. Biodegradable plastics are selected from, for example, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyglycolic acid, modified starch such as starch polyester, modified cellulose such as cellulose acetate, aliphatic polyester, aromatic polyester, polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA), etc. It is possible. Biodegradable plastics may be one or a combination of more than one. According to this aspect, it is possible to provide the structure 1 that has a high degree of freedom in design, is easy to manufacture, and can be decomposed in the soil 21 after use. That is, it is possible to achieve both moldability and a reduction in the load on the environment.

Aliphatic polyesters are, for example, polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polybutylene succinate/adipate (PBSA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene succinate/carbonate (PEC), polyethylene succinate (PES), polyethylene succinate/adipate, polylactic acid/polycaprolactone copolymer, polylactic acid/polyether copolymer, and the like.

Aromatic polyesters can be, for example, polybutylene adipate/terephthalate (PBAT), polytetramethylene adipate/terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate/succinate (CPE), and the like.

Polyhydroxyalkanoic acids (PHA) are, for example, poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate/3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate/3-hydroxy hexanoate) (PHBH), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate/4-hydroxybutyrate), and the like.

When the reinforcing portion 14 is separate from the planting portion 10, the reinforcing portion 14 may include a member made of a material such as metal or wood. Preferably, from the viewpoint of improving the strength of the reinforcing portion 14, a metal member is preferably included. The metal member may be, for example, a metal pipe.

2. Second embodiment (kit)
The kit 2, which is the second embodiment, will be described in detail below. The aspects of the structure 1 that have already been described in the previous section are the same in this section, and therefore are omitted.

<Composition of kit 2>
A second embodiment is a kit 2 for shaping a green space. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the kit 2, which is the second embodiment, using the AA cross-sectional view in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the kit 2 includes a structure 1, a lawn seedling 22, and soil 21. As shown in FIG. Preferred aspects of the lawn seedling 22 and the soil 21 are omitted because they are the same as those described in the previous section. Here, the grass seedling 22 is planted so as to be positioned on the surface of the planting surface 11 , and the soil 21 is configured to be positioned inside the soil holding portion 13 . According to this aspect, the user does not need to prepare the grass seedling 22 and the soil 21 by himself/herself, and can easily form a green area of desired shape. That is, user convenience is improved.

Preferably, the kit 2 may further have a soil bag (not shown) containing the soil 21 . Specifically, the soil bag may be accommodated in the soil holding portion 13 with the soil 21 wrapped therein. According to such an aspect, it is possible to prevent the soil 21 from leaking out of the soil retaining portion 13 during distribution of the kit 2 . The soil bag may be a fabric such as non-woven fabric, or may be a net. The material of the soil bag should be fine enough that the soil 21 does not leak out, and from the viewpoint of reducing the load on the environment, it is preferably a biodegradable material.

Preferably, the kit 2 further includes a crosspiece (not shown). Here, the crosspiece is configured to be able to fix the grass seedling 22 and the soil 21 through the communication hole 12 . Specifically, the crosspiece penetrates the sheet-like or roll-like base material on which the grass seedlings 22 are planted and is inserted into the soil 21 through the communication hole 12 . According to this aspect, it is possible to prevent the lawn seedlings 22 from slipping off the planting surface 11 during transportation and to prevent the lawn seedlings 22 from being peeled off due to wind and rain after installation.

More preferably, the crosspieces are offcuts generated when the structure 1 is molded. For example, when the structure 1 is molded by injection molding, the offcuts may be runners, gates, sprues, etc. related to molding. According to this aspect, it is possible to make effective use of offcuts generated during molding of the structure 1, and to reduce the amount of waste generated during manufacturing. In other words, it is possible to provide the kit 2 that further reduces the load on the environment. The offcuts may be used as they are as skewers, or may be processed such as by cutting them into desired sizes.

Preferably, offcuts of the structure 1 made of biodegradable material may be pulverized and mixed with the soil 21 . According to this aspect, all the offcuts generated during molding can be effectively used without being incinerated, so the amount of waste generated by manufacturing the kit 2 can be reduced, and the amount of carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced. be able to.

3. Modifications Regarding the structure according to the above-described embodiment, the following aspects may be adopted.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an overall image of a modification. As shown in FIG. 4, by combining a plurality of structures 1, a three-dimensional green space may be formed. FIG. 4 shows, as an example, how an E-shaped three-dimensional green area of the alphabet is formed.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view showing a modified example viewed from a viewpoint B in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5 , the structure 1 may further have a connecting portion 15 . The connecting portion 15 is configured to be connectable with the connecting portion 15 of another structure 1, thereby enabling the structures 1 to be connected to each other. According to such an aspect, the user can combine the structures 1 to form a larger structure. That is, it is possible to provide the structure 1 that can be easily formed into a shape desired by the user.

As shown in FIG. 5 , the planting surface 11 may be a surface whose outer periphery is surrounded by a connecting portion 15 . From the viewpoint of facilitating connection between structures 1, the planting surface 11 may be flat. In the modified example, the soil holding portion 13 is a space S whose shape is defined by a plurality of planting surfaces 11 .

The connection part 15 may have, for example, a concave structure and a convex structure, and may be configured such that the concave structure and the convex structure are engaged with each other. The concave structure and the convex structure may be snap-fit structures, for example. The connecting portion 15 may be configured such that the plurality of structures 1 are connected via fixing members such as screws and rivets, for example.

4. Others In the embodiment, the case of forming a convex green space by piling up soil has been described, but a hole may be dug to form a concave green space. In that case, the planting surface 11 may be a surface extending into the recessed portion 10b of the planting portion 10 .

In one aspect, at least a portion of the planting section 10 may be porous. As the porous material, for example, known materials such as activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, and zeolite may be used, and biodegradable plastic porous membranes and the like may also be used. In addition, the pores of the porous material may contain fertilizers, soil modifiers, pesticides, etc. for promoting the growth of plants.

Furthermore, it may be provided in each aspect described below.
The structure further includes a reinforcing portion, the reinforcing portion being located on the back side of the planting surface and configured to reinforce the shape.
In the structure, the reinforcing part has a rib structure located on the back side of the planting surface.
The structure further has a connecting part, and the connecting part is configured to be connectable with a connecting part of another structure, thereby enabling the structures to be connected to each other.
In the structure, the material of the structure contains a biodegradable material.
In the structure, the biodegradable material is biodegradable plastic.
In the structure, the plant is a lawn seedling, and the planting surface further has an uneven structure, wherein the uneven structure is configured to be capable of fixing the lawn seedling on the planting surface. ,thing.
A kit for shaping a green space, comprising the structure, a lawn seedling, and soil, the lawn seedling being planted so as to be positioned on the surface of the planting surface, and the soil being the A thing configured to be located inside a soil-retaining part.
The kit further comprises a skewer, wherein the structure is a molded body, the skewer is a scrap material generated when the structure is molded, and the grass seedling is inserted through the communication hole. and the soil can be fixed.
Of course, it is not limited to this.

Finally, while various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described, they have been presented by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The novel embodiment can be embodied in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. The embodiment and its modifications are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the scope of the invention described in the claims and equivalents thereof.

Reference Signs List 1: structure 10: planting portion 10a: convex portion 10b: concave portion 11: planting surface 12: communication hole 13: soil holding portion 14: reinforcing portion 15: connecting portion 2: kit 21: soil 22: lawn seedling S: space

Claims (9)

A structure for forming a three-dimensional green space,
Equipped with a planting section,
The planting section includes a planting surface and a soil holding section,
The planting surface is configured to allow plants to be planted, and has a communication hole communicating with the back surface,
The soil holding part is a space whose shape is defined by the planting surface, and holds the soil in an arbitrary three-dimensional shape,
The communication hole and the soil holding portion are spatially continuous. The structure of claim 1, wherein
further having a reinforcing portion;
The reinforcing part is positioned on the back side of the planting surface and configured to reinforce the shape. The structure of claim 2, wherein
The reinforcing part has a rib structure located on the back side of the planting surface. In the structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
further having a connecting portion;
The connecting portion is configured to be connectable with a connecting portion of another structure, thereby enabling the structures to be connected to each other. In the structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A material of the structure includes a biodegradable material. The structure of claim 5, wherein
The biodegradable material is biodegradable plastic. In the structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The plant is a lawn seedling,
The planting surface further has an uneven structure,
Here, the concave-convex structure is configured to be capable of fixing the lawn seedling on the planting surface. A kit for shaping a green area,
A structure comprising the structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, a lawn seedling, and soil,
The lawn seedling is planted so as to be positioned on the surface of the planting surface,
The soil is configured to be located inside the soil holding portion. In the kit of claim 8,
Equipped with an eye skewer,
The structure is a molded body,
The crosspiece is a piece of material produced when the structure is molded, and is configured to be able to fix the grass seedling and the soil through the communication hole.

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