JP3142863B2 - Fully automatic washing machine and fully automatic washing and drying machine - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fully automatic washing machine and a fully automatic washing and drying machine.

[Conventional technology]

Conventional devices are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-155894 and Japanese Patent Publication No.
As in JP-9040, the former is a washing machine driven by a brushless AC motor, and the latter is a washing machine characterized by a variable speed control capable of setting a three-phase AC motor to an arbitrary rotation speed via a frequency converter. In order to control the motor rotation speed with a frequency variable device such as an inverter,
The gear change of the drive motor is not required.

However, when the washing, dehydration and drying steps are performed by a single washing machine, not to mention at least the washing and dehydration steps, the range of the rotation speed of the driving motor is wide. In the constant voltage / frequency control, the frequency control range of the inverter is widened. As a result, there is a difference in the relationship between the motor voltage and the current in each step. That is, the rotation speed of the motor is the lowest in the drying process, the washing process is the next, and the spinning speed is the highest in the spinning process. For this reason, the number of rotations in the spinning step is 4 to 6 times larger than the number of rotations in the washing step, and the difference between the number of rotations in the drying step and the number of rotations in the spinning step is larger. There is a 16-fold difference.

For this reason, when gear switching is not performed by one motor, a large difference occurs between the applied voltage and the current value of the motor in each step, and the drive motor becomes large, which is a problem. In other words, in the V / F constant control inverter, the frequency increases at the same time as the frequency increases during high-speed rotation, and the voltage decreases at the same time as the frequency decreases during low-speed rotation. There was.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

The above-mentioned conventional technology reduces the rotation of a pulsator or a basket during washing, dehydration or drying when a brushless motor is driven by a drive motor or a three-phase induction motor with a V / F constant control inverter. Since no machine is used and the range of the number of rotations is wide, the difference between the required input voltage and current value in each process becomes large, and it is difficult to reduce the size of the motor.

An object of the present invention is to provide a fully automatic washing machine and a fully automatic washing and drying machine with good performance.

[Means for solving the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a fully automatic washing machine that performs washing and dehydration, and drives a motor by a variable frequency control device having a vector control function. The motor speed is controlled by varying the motor voltage, and during dehydration, the field control is performed weaker than during washing to control the motor speed.

[Action]

A fully automatic washing machine that performs washing and dehydration and drives a motor by a variable frequency control device having a vector control function, wherein the variable frequency control device changes the motor voltage during washing to change the rotation speed of the motor. By controlling and controlling the rotation speed of the motor by performing field weakening control at the time of dehydration rather than at the time of washing, it is possible to provide a fully automatic washing machine and a fully automatic washing and drying machine with good performance.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on an embodiment of the drawings. FIGS. 1 to 4 show an embodiment of a fully automatic washing and drying machine.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of the internal structure viewed from the right side, and FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a basic configuration when driven by a vector control inverter. FIG.
The figure is an explanatory diagram of the internal structure in a state where a part different from FIG. 1 is viewed from the right side.

In the figure, a rotating base 4 is supported in a box-shaped outer frame 1 made of a steel plate by a suspension rod 2 and a vibration-proof spring 3 in a vibration-proof manner. The rotation base 4 is rotatably attached to the outer tub 6. One end of the rotating beam 5 is rotatably attached to the outer tub 6 similarly to the rotating base 4, and the other end of the rotating beam 5 is attached to a rotating motor mechanism described later. Inside the outer tub 6, there is provided a basket 7 having a substantially circular cross section and also serving as a washing tub, a dewatering tub and a drying drum. A balance ring 8 is attached to the upper end of the basket 7 by means such as ultrasonic welding. The inner wall of the basket 7 is provided with a plurality of vertical rib-shaped lifters 7a for scraping up the cloth when the basket 7 is tilted and dried, and is provided with a number of vertical grooves 7b. The vertical groove 7b is provided with a large number of dehydration holes 7c. In the center of the bottom of the basket 7, there is a pulsator 9
There is provided a concave portion 7d in which is rotatably mounted. Outer tub 6
A tub cover 10 is fixed to the upper end of the tub to prevent the laundry from falling between the outer tub 6 and the basket 7. A drain valve 11 is attached to the outer bottom of the outer tub 6.

The rotation drive device 12 is mounted on a base 13 made of a steel plate. The base 13 is formed in a substantially box shape, and is fixed to the outer tub 7 by means such as screws.

One end of the internal drainage hose 15 is connected to the drainage valve 11, and the other end is opened on a base 16 provided below the outer frame 1. The base 16 has a plurality of feet 16a, a holding portion 16b of the outer frame 1, a water receiving portion 16c, and a drain port 16d at a lower portion thereof. The water receiving portion 16c is configured to be inclined toward the center,
The water discharged from the drain hose 15 is discharged from the drain port 16d. The water from the drain port 16d is discharged to the outside via the external drain hose 20.

In the case of a fully automatic washing machine, there are washing and dehydration, and in the case of a fully automatic washing and drying machine, there are washing, dehydration, and drying steps. The basic configuration of a drive system thereof will be described with reference to FIG. For washing, the pulsator 9 is rotated, and for dehydration and drying, the basket 7 is rotated. The driving of the basket 7 and the pulsator 9 is switched by the clutch device 19b to drive either the basket 7 or the pulsator 9 from the motor output shaft via a reduction gear 19a having a constant reduction ratio composed of a pulley or a gear. These are the rotation drive devices 12.

The motor 17 is constituted by a three-phase induction motor, and uses a winding type or a cage type induction motor.

The variable frequency control device 18 for driving the motor 17 is constituted by a vector control inverter, and there are a system in which a speed sensor is provided in the motor 17 and a system in which a speed sensor is not provided. , Second
The figure shows a speed sensorless vector control inverter.

In this configuration, the clutch 19b is used as the pulsator 9 in the washing process.
In the dewatering step and the drying step, the basket 7 side is directly connected, and the motor 17 is supplied with power from the variable frequency control device 18 composed of a vector control inverter via the reduction gear 19a, and the rotation speed suitable for each process is The frequency is set so that

In addition, a rotary drive device 12 including a motor 17, a speed reduction device 19a and a clutch 19b is attached to the bottom of the outer tub 6 via a base 13.

A rotation arm 22 is attached to an output shaft of the rotation motor 21, and one end of the rotation beam 5 is rotatably attached to the rotation arm 22. The outer tank 6 has a shaft base
23 is provided by means such as screws, and the shaft base 23
Is extended to form a beam receiver 24. The other end of the rotating beam 5 is rotatably supported by a locking portion 25 of the beam receiver 24. The outer tank shaft 26 is attached to the shaft base 23, and the outer tank shaft 26 is
And is rotatably supported. The switch lever 40 is provided integrally with the outer tank shaft 26.
Reference numeral 40 is attached so as to engage with the microswitch (H) 41 and the microswitch (V) 42.

The duct 44 is for circulating hot air during the drying process. One end of the duct 44 is air-tightly connected to the exhaust part 6b of the outer tub 6 and the other end is air-tightly connected to the air inlet 45a of the blower 45. Duct 4
The central inner diameter portion 44a of the fourth is higher than the upper end portion 47 of the overflow port 46 provided for integral rinsing of the outer tub 6 by an H dimension so that washing water does not enter the inside of the blower 45. ing.

A nozzle 50 is provided inside the duct 44, and water introduced through a hose 49 is sprayed into the duct 44. That is, during the drying process, the hot air in the basket 7 is guided into the duct 44 and water is injected into the hot air passing through the duct 44 in order to prevent the air containing moisture from the clothes from circulating. Then, the moisture in the hot air is condensed and collected. One end of the blower guide 52 is attached to the exhaust side of the blower 45,
The other end is connected to the heating unit 51. Further, the heating unit 51 has an exhaust port 53 in the tank.

In the above configuration, the washing process of washing-rinsing-dehydration is performed with the outer tub 6 and the basket 7 upright.
This position detection is performed when the switch lever 40 is engaged with the micro switch (V) 42.

In the washing and rinsing steps, the pulsator 9 is directly connected to the clutch 19b via the speed reducer 19a, and is operated at a base rotation speed with a large exciting current component. Further, the drying process is operated at a rotation speed lower than the base rotation speed of the washing process, but is operated in a state where the exciting current component is large by the vector control similarly to the washing process. However, in the drying step, the basket 7 is directly connected by the operation of the clutch 19b.

Next, the drying process is started. In the drying process,
The basket 7 is tilted to a substantially horizontal position, as in a conventional drum dryer. That is, this operation
The rotation is performed by rotating the rotation arm 22 by the rotation motor 21 and moving the rotation beam 5 which is an element of a so-called link mechanism. The detection of the rotation angle is performed when the switch lever 40 is engaged with the microswitch (H) 41. When the predetermined drying step is performed, the outer tub 6 and the basket 7 are returned to the upright position by the reverse operation.

Here, the relationship between the required torque and the number of rotations of the motor 17 for rotating the pulsator 9 and the basket 7 necessary for the washing, dewatering and drying steps will be described in detail.

First, at the time of washing or rinsing, the pulsator 9 is inverted at a short cycle of about 120 rpm. According to experiments, the torque required to rotate the pulsator 9 in this case is up to about 200 kgcm, depending on the type of clothing. At the time of dehydration, the basket 7 is rotated at a high speed of about 900 rpm in one direction.

According to the same experiment, the basket 7 in this case was
The torque required to maintain a steady rotation of
The value is as small as kg cm. The reason for this is that the force that hinders the rotation of the basket 7 is a transmission loss of the driving device 12 and is mainly a deviation of the shaft center and a rotation loss of the bearing portion. Become.

During drying, the basket 7 is rotated at about 55 rpm.
In addition, the load decreases as the drying process proceeds,
According to experiments, the maximum torque required to maintain the steady rotation of the basket 7 in this case is about 100 kgcm.

Summarizing the above, the rotational power required for this dryer is as shown in Table 1.

As an appropriate power for such variously changing rotational speeds and torques, there is an AC inverter motor which has been rapidly spread in recent years.

Conventionally, when a motor is driven by an inverter, it can be set to an arbitrary rotation speed because it can be set to a variable frequency.Therefore, without changing the reduction ratio of the reduction gear, a method that directly connects the motor shaft output to the load and a fixed reduction ratio A method of washing, dehydrating and drying has been applied. However, if the reduction ratio of this reduction gear is constant (for example, the gear ratio ε = 1/10), Table 2
The required characteristics of the motor shown in FIG. The required output P (W) of the motor in Table 2 is the rotation speed N (rpm) and the required torque τ in Table 1.
(Kg-m), it is obtained from the following equation.

P = 1.027 · τ · N Table 2 shows the torque for the required number of revolutions when the induction motor is driven by the brushless motor or the V / F constant control inverter, the output at that time, and the motor voltage and current for producing the output. Show the relationship. The motor voltage and current are indicated by approximate calculation values assuming that the motor efficiency is 100%.

According to Table 2, when the reduction ratio is constant, the motor voltage in the dehydration process with the highest rotation speed is set to the maximum 200V by the constant V / F control inverter, and the washing process is 26.6V and the current is 9.3A.
It becomes big. In the drying step, the motor voltage is a minimum of 12.2 V, but the current is a relatively large value of 4.6 A. That is, the motor current greatly differs in each process, and the motor must be designed to withstand the motor current 9.3 A in the washing process from the viewpoint of the motor design, and the motor becomes large.

On the other hand, in the present invention, the required rotation speed of the motor in the washing process
Table 3 shows an example in which 1200 rpm is set as the base rotation speed. In this table, it is assumed that the reduction ratio of the reduction gear transmission 19a is set to 1/10.

From Table 3, if the motor speed for washing is the base speed
The rated voltage is reached at 1200 rpm, and the voltage at this time is 200 V, so the current is 1.23 A. The voltage is maintained at the rated voltage of 200 V because the field control is weaker at 9000 rpm during dehydration.

For this reason, the field current component is controlled so as to decrease as the frequency increases for increasing the rotation speed. Actually 12
Since setting the maximum rotation speed to 9000 rpm by setting 00 rpm to the base rotation speed has a wide field control range, it is considered that the base rotation speed is actually set to a slightly higher rotation speed.

On the other hand, in the drying step, since the rotation speed is lower than the base rotation speed, the voltage is also reduced to 92 V in proportion to the base rotation speed, and the current is 0.61 A.
Becomes In contrast to Table 2, by using a vector control inverter capable of controlling the strong field and the weak field in the variable frequency control device 18 as shown in Table 3, the difference between the motor current values in each process can be reduced. Since the physique is reduced, the size and weight of the motor can be reduced.

FIG. 5 shows a configuration in which the variable frequency control device 18 as a vector control inverter and the motor 17 are three-phase induction motors. In the case of a single-phase 100V power supply 100 for home use, the smoothing capacitors 103a and 103b are charged through the power factor improvement circuit 101 and the voltage doubler rectifier diodes 102a and 102b. The output of the smoothing capacitor is an IGBT (In) as a high-frequency switching element.
Electric power is supplied to the motor 17 through an inverter circuit including sulated gate bipolar transistors (106a to 106c ').

In addition, the power supply may be 200 V instead of single-phase 100 V. In this case, it is not necessary to use a voltage doubler rectifier.

Although IGBTs are applied as the semiconductor switching elements 106a to 106c ', in the case of an induction motor, the air gap is small, so that the inverter PWM
This is to increase the frequency to 6 kHz or more so that noise within the audible frequency is not generated.

In particular, since the outer tub of a washing machine and a washing / drying machine has a shape like a speaker, the noise source must be minimized.

In addition, when the single-phase power supply is rectified, the smoothing capacitor 103
The voltage applied to a and 103b is affected by the size of the capacitor, but the DC voltage pulsates.

However, the pulsation of the DC voltage is a problem in the vector control inverter, so the DC pulsation voltage is detected, and the pulse width of the pulse width modulation signal of the PWM inverter is set to the side where the inverter output voltage is narrowed when the DC voltage is high, and vice versa. In such a case, a DC pulsation voltage compensating circuit 105 that outputs a signal for compensating for the DC pulsating voltage by changing the reverse is provided, and the output signal is input to the drive control circuit 110 for vector control. The drive control circuit of the vector control is an IGBT 106a that constitutes an inverter based on a signal from a speed command circuit 111 for sequentially commanding a washing process, a signal from a DC current detection circuit 104, and a signal from a two-phase current detection circuit 107 by vector control. To 106c '.

〔The invention's effect〕

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fully automatic washing machine and a fully automatic washing and drying machine with good performance.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of the internal structure of a fully automatic washing and drying machine according to an embodiment of the present invention in which a motor is driven by a variable frequency control device of a vector control inverter, as viewed from the right side, and FIG. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the internal structure when viewed from the back, FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the internal structure when a portion different from FIG. 1 is viewed from the right side, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a circuit configuration diagram of a frequency control device and a motor. 1 ... Outer frame, 6 ... Outer tub, 7 ... Basket, 9 ... Pulsator, 12 ... Rotary drive device, 17 ... Motor, 18 ...
Variable frequency control device of vector control, 19a: reduction gear, 19b: clutch, 105: DC pulsation voltage compensation circuit.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Toshiaki Okuyama 4026 Kuji-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Inside Hitachi, Ltd.Hitachi Laboratory (72) Inventor Tsunehiro Endo 4026 Kuji-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Hitachi, Ltd. Inside the research laboratory (72) Inventor Noboru Fujimoto 4-6 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Inside Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor Kunio Miyashita 1-1-1, Higashitaga-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Pref. (72) Inventor Etsuro Hirose 1-1-1, Higashitaga-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Inside the Taga Factory of Hitachi, Ltd. (56) References JP-A-57-148589 (JP, A) JP-A 64-9040 (JP) , B2) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) D06F 33/02 D06F 37/40

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A fully automatic washing machine which performs washing and dehydration and drives a motor by a variable frequency control device having a vector control function, wherein the variable frequency control device changes a motor voltage during washing to change the motor voltage. A fully automatic washing machine wherein the number of revolutions of the motor is controlled, and the spinning speed is controlled by performing field weakening control at the time of dehydration rather than at the time of washing. 2. A fully automatic washing and drying machine which performs washing, dehydration and drying, and drives a motor by a variable frequency controller having a vector control function, wherein the variable frequency controller controls a motor voltage during washing and drying. The rotation speed of the motor is controlled by varying the rotation speed of the motor, and the rotation speed of the motor is controlled by performing field weakening control during washing and drying when spin-drying.