JP3383005B2 - Electronic surveying staff and electronic surveying equipment - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a staff used for leveling and stadia surveying, and more particularly to a staff having a graduation of the light emitting period of a light emitting element.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the conventional leveling rods used for leveling and stadia surveying, a scale composed of a horizontal line or the like is engraved in the longitudinal direction, and a number is written beside the scale. The measurer collimates the staff from the level, reads the scale corresponding to the intersection of the cross vertical line and cross horizontal line, and measures the level, or collimates from the transit and measures between the Stadia upper line and Stadia underline. I used to read the number of graduations and perform stadia survey.

However, it is not easy for the measurer to read the image by collimating the scale, and errors may occur due to reading errors, individual differences, etc., and there is a certain limit in improving the measurement accuracy. It was In such a case, it may be possible to place the bar code on the staff and electronically measure it with a leveling bar to perform the surveying work, but the bar code may be easily unreadable due to scratches, stains, etc. It is unreliable in outdoor work such as occurrence, and it is not practical because it is inconvenient for use in field work because surveying work cannot be performed in a dark atmosphere.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention was created in view of the disadvantages and inconveniences of the above-mentioned prior art, and its purpose is to:
An object of the present invention is to provide an electronic surveying staff and an electronic surveying device capable of automatically performing a surveying work such as a leveling survey or a stadia surveying even if a measurer does not read the scale by collimating it.

[0005]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 is an electronic survey instrument in which a plurality of graduation means composed of a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged in the longitudinal direction are arranged in the longitudinal direction. A plurality of light emitting elements included in each of the graduation means include one reference light emitting element and a plurality of graduation light emitting elements arranged with reference to the reference light emitting element, and each of the graduation means includes The reference light emitting element emits light at the same reference cycle, and each of the scale light emitting elements provided in the plurality of scale means emits light at one scale cycle of two or more scale cycles different from the reference cycle, The arrangement of the periods in which the plurality of graduation light-emitting elements provided in each graduation means emit light is different for all graduation means, and the invention according to claim 2 is the electronic surveying staff according to claim 1. , The plurality The optical elements are arranged at equal intervals, and the invention according to claim 3 provides an observation means for observing an object to be measured and the electronic surveying staff according to claim 1 or 2 by the observation means. An image forming unit that receives light emitted from each light emitting element when observed and forms an image of the scale unit,
First storage means for storing in advance the arrangement of the light emitting periods of the plurality of scale light-emitting elements provided in each of the scale means, and the scale means of the scale means in association with the arrangement of the cycles stored in the first storage means. The second storage means for storing the position on the staff in advance and the intensity distribution of the image of the scale means connected on the imaging means are calculated, and the arrangement of the cycles stored in the first storage means is referred to. The scale means to specify the scale means, calculate the position on the staff of the specified scale means by referring to the stored contents of the second storage means, and calculate the height difference from the staff. Characterize.

[0006]

Since the scale means having one reference light emitting element that emits light at one reference cycle is arranged in a row on the staff, the staff is electronically observed from the electronic level and the light emitting element that emits light at the reference cycle is provided. The reference light emitting element can be specified by detecting. Since the plurality of graduation light emitting elements included in each graduation means are arranged with the reference light emitting element as a reference, the arrangement of the light emission periods of the plurality of graduation light emitting elements included in one graduation means is the specified reference. It can be measured with the light emitting element as a reference. Since the arrangement of the light emission periods is different for all the scale means, it is possible to specify which scale means the measured arrangement of the scale light emitting elements belongs to.

In this way, since the graduation means being observed can be specified, the arrangement of the light emission periods of the graduation light emitting elements of each graduation means on the staff and the position of the graduation means on the staff are stored in advance in the storage device. If this is done, the height difference between the staff and the electronic level can be automatically measured.

Further, if a plurality of light-emitting elements provided on the staff are arranged at equal intervals, the measurement accuracy is improved and the stadia survey can be automatically performed.

[0009]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention. With reference to FIG. 1, 1 is an electronic surveying staff, and m scale means A1, A2, ... Am are arranged in a row in the longitudinal direction,
Each of the scale means is, for example, a scale a1 is a01,
Of the first to mth scale means, the scale means A2 has five light emitting elements a11, a21, a31, a41, and the scale means A2 has five light emitting elements a02, a12, a22, a32, a42. , N-th graduation means An are a0n, a1n, a2n, a3
It is provided with five light emitting elements of n and a4n. The graduation means An includes one light emitting element a0 among the five light emitting elements.
With n as a reference light emitting element, four light emitting elements a1n, a2n, a3
n and a4n are used as the scale light emitting elements, and the reference light emitting element a0 is used.
They are arranged in order from the upper end to the lower end in the longitudinal direction of the staff with the head n.

The reference light emitting element a0n emits light at a reference period F0. Four scale light emitting elements a1n, a2n, a3n, a4n
Emits light in accordance with any one of four scale periods F1, F2, F3, F4 different from the reference period.

The reference period F0 and the four scale periods F
An example of 1, F2, F3, and F4 is shown in the timing chart of FIG. In the timing chart, the light emitting element is turned on.
The period (light emitting period) is constant for all cycles. FIG. 2B shows an example of a circuit that creates each cycle shown in this timing chart.

Referring to FIG. 2 (b), 11 is an oscillator, and the clock signal output from the oscillator 11 is a frequency divider 12
The frequency is divided by to generate a scale period F4 of 400 Hz.
The 400 Hz scale period F4 is input to a circuit 13 composed of a frequency divider and a logic circuit to generate a 200 Hz scale period F3, and the 200 Hz scale period F3 is input to a circuit 14 composed of a frequency divider and a logic circuit. 100Hz scale period F
2 is made and the 100 Hz graduation period F2 is input to a circuit 15 consisting of a divider and a logic circuit to make a 50 Hz graduation period F1 which is made up of a divider and a logic circuit. It is input to the circuit 16 and a reference frequency F0 of 25 Hz is created.

The four scale light emitting elements a1n, a2n, a
Since 3n and a4n emit light in any one of the four scale periods F1, F2, F3, and F4, the total number S of the light emitting periods of the four scale light emitting elements is S = There are 256 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 = 256. In this embodiment, the four scale light emitting elements are made to emit light by using the four scale periods F1 to F4, but in general, when u number of the scale light emitting elements are made to emit light by u periods. Means that the total number of light emitting periods is u to the vth power. The reference period or the scale period, which is the light emission period referred to in the present invention, includes cases where the light emitting element continues to emit light and cases where the light emitting element does not emit light at all.

As described above, the four graduation light-emitting elements provided in each graduation means can emit light in an array of 256 different luminescence periods. Therefore, a maximum of 256 different graduation means should be arranged on the staff. You can A plurality of suitable scale means are selected from the 256 kinds of scale means and are arranged on the staff, and are associated with the positions on the staff, which are then used in advance in an electronic surveying device such as an electronic level or electronic transit. If stored, the scale means observed by the electronic surveying device can be automatically specified, and leveling can be automatically performed.

The principle of performing such automatic surveying work will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 3A is a timing chart of the reference light emitting element and the scale light emitting element and an example of the intensity distribution when the scale light emitting element forms an image on the image forming means. (b) is an example of a block diagram of the electronic surveying instrument used for this invention.

3 (a) and 3 (b), reference numeral 21 is an electronic surveying instrument, which is provided with an observation means comprising a light-receiving lens 22, an optical system 23, an image synthesizing device 24 and a display device 31. It is configured so that the measurer can visually confirm the measuring object such as the electronic surveying staff by means. Here, first, a case where the electronic surveying instrument 21 is used as an electronic level will be described.

The light-receiving lens 22 and the optical system 23 receive light emitted by a plurality of light-emitting elements included in the electronic surveying staff, and a linear image sensor 25 as an image forming means.
The image of each light emitting element is formed on the screen.

Ap, Aq, and Ar are three continuous graduation means of the plurality of graduation means A1 to Am provided in the electronic surveying staff. Ap of one of the three scale means
Is one reference light emitting element a0p and four scale light emitting elements a1p, a2p, a3 arranged in front of the reference light emitting element a0p.
p, a4p, and the other one Aq of the three scale means is one reference light emitting element a0q and four scale light emitting elements a1q arranged in front of the reference light emitting element a0q,
a2q, a3q, and a4q, and the remaining one Ar of the three graduation means is one reference light emitting element a0r and four graduation light emitting elements a1r arranged with reference to the reference light emitting element a0r. , A2r, a3r, a4r.

Reference light emitting element a provided in each of these scale means
0p, a0q, and a0r emit light with the same reference period F0. Here, again, the graduation light emitting element a3p provided in the graduation means Ap emits light in a cycle F1, and the graduation light emitting element a4p in a cycle F2.
The scale light emitting elements a1q, a2q, a3q, and a4q provided with the scale means Aq emit light at scale periods F4, F4, F3, and F2, respectively, and the scale light emitting element provided with the scale means Ar. It is assumed that a1r emits light at a scale period F4, and the scale light emitting element a2r emits light at a scale period F2. Here, a0p of the reference light emitting elements is used.
And a1p and a2p and a3r and a of the scale light emitting elements
4r is not shown.

By the way, the linear image sensor 25
Is manufactured to have a size capable of receiving light emitted by ten continuous light emitting elements extending over two or more graduation means and forming ten images. In this way the linear image sensor 2
If 10 images can be formed on the image 5, it is possible to form the reference light emitting element and the light emitted by the light emitting element for graduation provided in the graduation means of at most two and at least one.

Here, the points where the light generated by the light emission of the graduation light emitting elements a3p, a4p included in the graduation means Ap form an image on the linear image sensor 25 are image formation points c1 and c2, and the graduation means Aq The reference light emitting element a0q and the four graduation light emitting elements a1q, a2q, a3q, a4q sequentially form the image forming points c3, c4, c5, c at which the points formed by the light emitted by the light emission.
6, c7, and the reference light emitting element a0 provided in the scale means Ar.
The points where r and the light generated by the light emission of the graduation light emitting elements a1r and a2r form an image are sequentially defined as image forming points c8, c9 and c10.

Among the light emitting elements of the scale means on the staff, the reference light emitting element emits light 25 times per second in accordance with the reference cycle F0 of 25 Hz.
Since light is emitted according to the timing chart shown in (a),
At the time when the reference light emitting element emits light, all the scale light emitting elements emit light regardless of the light emitting period. Therefore, 1 second is t
It is divided into 400 times from 1 to t400, and t1 is the time when the reference light emitting element emits light, that is, all the light emitting elements emit light and all 10 image forming points on the linear image sensor 25 from c1 to c10. Assuming the time when the image is formed, among the 10 image forming points, the image forming point that does not form the image from time t2 to t25 becomes the image forming point corresponding to the reference light emitting element. Here, two image forming points of c3 and c8 are image forming points corresponding to the reference light emitting element, but of the two image forming points c3 and c8,
Four consecutive image forming points c4, c5, c6 and c7 are image forming points c3.
Since they are arranged starting from the line, it is possible to observe the frequency arrangement of the scale light emitting elements of the scale means having the reference light emitting element corresponding to the image forming point c3. Therefore, by measuring the period for forming an image on the four image forming points c4, c5, c6, c7 and specifying which one of the scale periods F1 to F4, the arrangement of the light emitting period can be specified. The scale means on the electronic surveying staff corresponding to this can be specified. More specifically, at each time from t1 to t25, with the intensity distribution indicated by the distribution 27 on the linear image sensor 25 provided in the electronic surveying instrument 21, the image forming points c1 to c10 are changed in accordance with each scale period from F1 to F4. Since the images of the light emitting elements are formed, the calculating means 40 measures the intensity distribution at each time to detect the arrangement of the light emitting periods, and the first storing means 41
If the scale means is specified by referring to the arrangement of the light emission cycles stored in the table, and the position on the scale of the scale means stored in the second storage means 42 is referenced, the height difference between the electronic level and the scale is automatically determined. Can be calculated. Then, when the calculation result and the signal from the optical system 23 are combined by the image combining device 24,
It can be displayed together on the display device 31.

By the way, in general, it is convenient to express the height difference between the electronic level and the staff based on one point defined on the electronic level. The basic points like this are:
For example, at the electronic level, the position of the intersection of the vertical cross line and the horizontal cross line (cross line intersection) in the telescope may be taken, and since this intersection is located on the light receiving lens 22 in the observation means, a linear image is obtained. It can be associated with one point on the sensor 25 and can be used as a reference point which is one fixed point. Then, when the specified scale means forms an image at the position of the reference point on the linear image sensor 25, it is possible to accurately obtain the height difference between the position of the cross line intersection, which is the reference point, and the staff. .

In actual measurement, however, there are many cases where the specified scale means is not imaged on the reference point on the linear image sensor 25, and the height difference is based on the imaged position of the scale means. When calculating, the height difference is calculated with reference to a different position for each measurement, which causes an error.

Therefore, if the intervals between the plurality of light emitting elements provided in the electronic surveying staff are arranged at equal intervals j, the intervals at which the plurality of light emitting elements form images on the linear image sensor 25 are also equal intervals j '. Therefore, a plurality of sub reference points are provided on the linear image sensor 25 at equal intervals j ', and complementary calculation is performed to improve the measurement accuracy.

Specifically, on the electronic level linear image sensor 25, ten sub-reference points c1 ', c2', c3 ', c4', c5 ', c6', c7 ', in addition to the reference points, are provided.
c8 ′, c9 ′, c10 ′ are arranged at the equal intervals j ′, and the ten sub-reference points and ten image-forming points c1, c2, c3, c4 imaged in the vicinity of each sub-reference point. , C5, c6, c7, c8, c
Based on the distance between each of the sub-reference points 9 and c10 and the positional relationship between the ten sub-reference points and the reference point on the linear image sensor, for example, the distance j between the sub-reference points on the linear image sensor 25. 'Complementary calculation up to 1/10 precision is performed, and correction calculation is performed by the calculation means 40 based on the positional relationship between the sub-reference point and the reference point to obtain the height difference with the staff, thereby improving the measurement accuracy. It is possible to plan.

As described above, if a plurality of light emitting elements are arranged at the equal distance j, the height difference can be measured with high accuracy, and if the electronic surveying device 21 is used as an electronic transit, stadia surveying can also be performed. it can.

By the way, in a general stadia survey, the length (narrow length) h of the staff between the stadia upper line and the stadia underline provided in the optical system of the transite is measured, and the stadia line of the stadia line, which is a value unique to the transite, is measured. From the distance i, the distance d between the reference point of the electronic surveying instrument and the optical center of the objective lens, and the focal length f of the objective lens, the distance D to the staff is calculated by the following formula.

[0030]     D = f · h / i + d + f (1) here,     f / i = K (2)     d + f = C (3) In other words, equation (1) can be summarized as follows.

D = K · h + C (4) Generally, K and C are called Stadia constants, and are constants unique to the transit used. In particular, K may be called a multiplication constant and C may be called an addition constant.

In this way, if the narrow length h is known, the distance D can be obtained by the equation (4), and therefore the scale of the scale means imaged on the stadia upper line and the scale means imaged on the stadia underline is measured. The narrowness h can be found by finding the difference in the above positions, and the distance D can also be found, but rather, since a plurality of light emitting elements on the electronic surveying staff are arranged at equal intervals j, the stadia top line and the stasia By counting the number e of light emitting elements between the underline and the underline, the narrow length h can be obtained by calculating j × e.

Specifically, a virtual horizontal line passing through the sub reference point c1 'provided in the linear image sensor 25 can be considered as a stadia upper line, and a virtual horizontal line passing through the sub reference point c10' can be considered as a stadia underline. For example, the sub-reference point c
The electronic surveying staff 1 between 1'and the sub-reference point c10 '
If the number of images formed by the light-emitting elements provided in is counted by the calculating means 40, the distance D from the electronic surveying staff 1 can be automatically obtained from the equation (4) and Stadia constants K and C. .

When the electronic surveying instrument 1 is observed from the electronic surveying instrument 21, if the collimation line has an inclination angle of α, the electronic surveying instrument 21 and the electronic surveying instrument 1 are separated from each other. The distance D and the height difference H can be automatically calculated by the calculating means 40 based on the following equation.

D = K · h · cos ² (α) + C · cos (α) (5) H = 1/2 · K · h · sin (2 · α) + C · sin (α) ...... ( 6)

[0036]

According to the present invention, it is possible to automatically perform surveying work such as leveling and stadia surveying even if the measurer does not read the scale by collimating the staff.

Further, since the position in the staff can be known by the arrangement of the light emitting periods of the light emitting elements, it is possible to perform the surveying work even in a dark atmosphere.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electronic surveying staff of the present invention.

FIG. 2A is a timing chart showing an example of a light emission cycle used in the present invention. FIG. 2B is a diagram showing an example of a circuit for forming the light emission cycle.

FIG. 3A is a timing chart of a reference light emitting element and a scale light emitting element and a diagram showing an example of intensity distribution when the scale light emitting element forms an image on an image forming means. FIG. 3B is used in the present invention. Example of block diagram of electronic surveying instrument

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Electronic Surveying Rail 27 Intensity Distribution 40 Calculation Means 41 First Storage Means
42 Second storage means A1, A2, A3, A4, Am, Ap, Aq, Ar Scale means a01, a02, a0q, a0r Reference light emitting element a11, a21, a31, a41 Scale light emitting element F0 Reference period F1, F2, F3 / F4 scale cycle

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. An electronic surveying staff in which a plurality of graduation means composed of a plurality of light emitting elements arranged in the longitudinal direction are arranged in the longitudinal direction, and the plurality of light emitting elements included in each graduation means are one. The reference light emitting element and a plurality of scale light emitting elements arranged with the reference light emitting element as a reference, each reference light emitting element provided in each of the scale means emits light in the same reference cycle, Each of the scale light emitting elements provided emits light at one scale period of two or more scale periods different from the reference period, and the arrangement sequence of the periods at which the plurality of scale light emitting elements provided in each scale means emit light is all. An electronic surveying staff having different graduation means. 2. The electronic surveying staff according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of light emitting elements are arranged at equal intervals. 3. An electronic surveying instrument comprising an observing means for observing an object to be measured, wherein the observing means observes the electronic surveying staff according to claim 1 or 2 to emit light from each light emitting element. Image forming means for receiving light to form an image of the light emitting element, first storage means for storing in advance the arrangement of the light emitting cycles of the plurality of scale light emitting elements provided in each of the scale means, and the first storage means. Second storage means for storing in advance the position on the staff of the scale means in association with the arrangement of the cycles stored in the storage means, and calculating the intensity distribution of the image formed on the imaging means, The scale means is specified by referring to the arrangement of the cycles stored in the first storage means, and the position on the staff of the specified scale means is calculated by referring to the stored content of the second storage means, And a calculation means for obtaining a height difference between That electronic surveying equipment.