JP3402601B2 - Developing device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates to an electrophotographic system.
A developing device. [0002] 2. Description of the Related Art A developer carrier having at least an elastic layer
US Pat. No. 3,520,520 as a developing device for developing using
12, US Pat. No. 3,731,146, JP-A-47-1308
8, JP-A-1-191880 and the like have been proposed. Said
Developing devices such as described above apply a one-component non-magnetic developer to a latent image carrier.
A developing device that makes contact and develops, known as the pressure development method
A developing device according to the developing method, wherein at least the elastic layer
By using a developer carrier having
It is not necessary to strictly control the
Can easily form a thin layer of developer, and
It is possible to transport the image agent uniformly to the development area,
High quality images can be developed stably. Special
When the elastic layer is made of foam, the hardness is extremely high
Low developer carrier and soft contact in a wide development area
Touch, making it possible to develop higher-definition images.
You. In addition, a developer carrying at least an elastic layer
As another conventional example of a developing device that uses a carrier to develop,
For example, to prevent the plasticizer in the elastic layer from oozing out,
Make sure the surface is oil-resistant or plastic-resistant.
Or rubber coating (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-214881,
JP-A-2-311872), a conductive layer on the surface of the elastic layer
Or an example in which an insulating layer is provided (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-48767,
62-118372, JP-A-63-311367,
JP-A-1-191880), using a magnetic developer
Examples (JP-A-54-139552, JP-A-55-7776)
4, Japanese Patent Application No. 2-58321). [0004] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION At least an elastic layer is provided.
The developer carrier that contacts the latent image carrier
The hardness is extremely low, and the developer carrier has
Extreme compression set due to repeated recovery from shape and deformation
Is required to be small. In addition, the latent image carrier and
Small eccentricity, high
Easy to form developer carrier with roundness and stable
Surface roughness of the developer carrier in order to carry
Control of the developer, that is,
It is required that the work is easy. However, developer
When the holding body is made of an extremely low hardness elastic body,
Processing such as polishing of the surface of the developer carrier is difficult.
In addition, materials with low compression set as elastic material are extremely limited
There is a problem that is. In addition, a developer carrying at least an elastic layer
High resolution with good reproducibility of fine lines and halftone dots on carrier
Image, high image density image, and image with good gradation
To do this, the development nip (developer carrier and latent image carrier
Where the body faces the developer via the developer and the developer
(The part where development is performed by adhering to the carrier)
Requires the well-known development bias effect and development electrode effect.
Yes, so that the developer carrier has appropriate conductivity
Is required. However, to impart conductivity
By adding a large amount of conductive particles to the
The carrier loses its elasticity and the latent image carrier and developer carrier are sufficient
Problem that it is impossible to secure
You. Adding conductive particles while maintaining the elasticity of the developer carrier
To add, add a plasticizer (eg, stearic acid, castor
Fat oils such as sesame oil, pine oils such as pine tar, paraffin
Coulters such as petroleum-based resins such as quinone and indene resin
Resin, synthetic resin such as DOP, silicone oil,
It is essential to add a large amount of
However, the plasticizer gradually exudes to the surface of the developer carrier
As a result, the developer carrier loses its elasticity,
The agent carrier ensures stable contact while securing the nip
Becomes impossible, and a plasticizer is added to the latent image carrier and the developer.
The latent image carrier degrades (the latent image
The resin constituting the image carrier swells or dissolves with the plasticizer.
Softening by unraveling. Plasticity adhered to the latent image carrier surface
Swells or dissolves the resin that makes up the developer
The developer softened due to adhesion to the latent image carrier or
Rumming. Latency due to penetration of the plasticizer into the latent image carrier
Disturbance and contrast of latent images due to reduced resistance of the image carrier
Drop. When the latent image carrier is a photoconductor,
By inhibiting the movement of carriers that are holes or electrons
The contrast of the latent image is reduced due to the decrease in the light sensitivity of the latent image carrier
Drop etc. ), Softening / aggregation of developer, current on developer carrier
There is a problem that filming of the image agent occurs. A conductive elastic layer is generally made of a conductive material.
Pour the elastic material with dispersed conductive particles into the mold and cure
(In the case of foam, foam at the same time)
However, it may cause uneven dispersion of conductive particles and
Unevenness (for example, if an elastic material is
Bullets poured from separate inlets when poured
Due to the unevenness of the interface between the conductive material and the mold)
The resistance of the conductive layer partially varies, and as a result,
When a developing bias is applied to the developer carrier, the developer carrier
A non-uniform developing electric field is formed in the axial direction (longitudinal direction) of
There is a problem that density unevenness occurs in an image. Further, when the developer carrying member has conductivity,
If there is a pinhole in the latent image carrier,
At the development nip, the development current is applied to the pinhole of the latent image carrier.
Is concentrated (leakage of development current), and the pin
Development bias is effective in the entire longitudinal direction of the position where
Because the image is not applied to the image
There is. Further, a developer carrier is coated on the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer.
The developer carrier is brought into contact with the latent image carrier.
When the development is carried out in such a manner, the adhesive strength between the elastic layer and the coating is not sufficient.
If sufficient, the coating and the elastic layer slip and the latent image carrier
Supply of developer to the image becomes unstable, resulting in uneven density
Is formed. Further, the surface of the developer carrying member may be worn out,
Or, it can be used for forming latent images or transferring images.
Ozone generated by Rona charger deteriorates developer carrier
(Cracking, etc.), the density of the image gradually increases
Problems such as image dropout and image dropout
You. [0010] According to the present invention, there is provided a developing apparatus comprising:
In a developer carrier having at least an elastic layer, the elastic layer
By covering the outer peripheral surface with a tube,
Workability of the surface of the developer carrier having an elastic layer
Is to improve. As means for coating the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer
Well-known methods include forming a coating by painting.
But the elastic layer is a foam with open pores on the surface
Does not form a coating film in the open pores on the surface of the elastic layer
Or the elastic layer hardens due to the penetration of paint into the elastic layer
However, in the present invention,
By coating the outer surface of the conductive layer with a tube,
When the layer is a foam with open pores on the surface
Also, it is possible to completely cover the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer. The present invention has at least an elastic layer.
First, development in which the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer is covered with a conductive layer
The agent carrier should be used to visualize the latent image formed on the latent image carrier.
In the developing device contacting the latent image carrier,
An intermediate layer is provided between the elastic layer and the conductive layer, and
The volume resistivity of the elastic layer is larger than the volume resistivity of the conductive layer.
Is smaller than the volume resistivity of the elastic layer.
It is characterized in that the volume resistivity of the interlayer is small. Further, the present invention has at least an elastic layer.
And the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer is covered with a conductive layer.
The latent image formed on the latent image carrier is visualized
In the developing device that comes into contact with the latent image carrier
And disposing an intermediate layer between the elastic layer and the conductive layer,
And the volume resistivity of the elastic layer and the volume resistivity of the conductive layer.
The volume resistivity of the intermediate layer is larger than the resistivity.
And In the present invention, the elastic layer and the tube
By providing an intermediate layer (resistance adjustment layer) between
For example, if the resistance of the elastic layer partially varies,
If the volume resistivity is smaller than the volume resistivity of the elastic layer
By disposing the resistance adjusting layer of the above, the developer carrying member is structured.
Development bias applied from the substrate such as the shaft to be formed
Through the low resistance part or the shortest path in the elastic layer
When the resistance adjustment layer covering the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer is reached,
Immediately through the tube in the axial direction of the developer carrier.
As a result, a uniform developing bias is applied.
As a result, partial resistance variations due to manufacturing defects of the elastic layer
Development without being affected by fluctuations in the resistance of the elastic layer
Forming a uniform developing electric field in the axial direction of the agent carrier,
Enables stable formation of images without image density unevenness
Becomes Further, for example, a tube constituting a developer carrying member may be used.
If the tube is conductive, it will be less than the volume resistivity of the tube.
By arranging a resistance adjustment layer with a large volume resistivity,
Even if there is a pinhole in the latent image carrier, the resistance adjustment layer
Leakage of development current is suppressed by functioning as a resistance layer.
As a result, the developing bias is effectively printed in the entire longitudinal direction.
To obtain a stable image without uneven image density.
It becomes possible. Further, in the present invention, the outer periphery of the elastic layer
In the developer carrier having a configuration in which the tube is covered,
Resistant by resin or rubber between the elastic layer and the tube
An oil layer is provided, and the resin or rubber
The solubility parameter (SP) of the elastic layer
Formula: 2 ≦ for the solubility coefficient SPs of the plasticizer contained in
By satisfying | SP-SPs |
The solubility coefficient SP of the formed resin or rubber is
Significantly different from plasticizer solubility coefficient SPs
The plasticizer did not penetrate the oil-resistant layer due to the extremely low
Therefore, seepage of the plasticizer contained in the elastic layer from the elastic layer
It is possible to prevent the hardness of the elastic layer
Plasticizer that oozes out of the elastic layer
Of the developer carrier
The life of the developer carrier and latent image carrier
And it is possible to form images stably for a long period of time.
You. Incidentally, the plasticizer swells into the elastic body constituting the elastic layer or
It is dissolved, in other words, has a high affinity for both,
That is, the solubility coefficient of the plasticizer depends on the elasticity of the elastic layer.
Can be said to be very close to the solubility coefficient of
The solute coefficient is used as the solubility coefficient of the elastic material that composes the elastic layer.
Is exactly the same. [0015] Further, between the elastic layer and the tube.
An adhesive layer made of resin or rubber, and
JIS-K6 of the elastic layer and the tube by an adhesive layer
The tensile shear bond strength at 850 is 5 (kg / cm
^Two), The elastic layer and the tube
Stably forms an image without image density unevenness
It is possible to do. It should be noted that faster image formation and more
To form bright and high-density images, the developer carrier
To increase the nip width between the
It can also be increased. Further, JIS-K73 is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the tube.
11 wear test (wear wheel H22, 1000 rotation wear)
Abrasion resistant layer with a wear amount of 700 (mg) or less
By disposing the developer, the developer carrier is
Development when rubbed with conveyance amount regulating member, latent image carrier, etc.
It is possible to reduce wear of the developer carrier, and
Prolong the life of the body is possible. An ozone-resistant layer is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer.
Configuration, corona charging that releases negative ions
Ozone is released frequently, such as in developing devices that use a container.
In the environment, the developer carrier cracks, etc.
The deterioration of the developer and prolong the life of the developer carrier
Becomes possible. [0018] BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
Will be explained. FIG. 1 shows a developer in the developing device of the present invention.
It is a cross section schematic diagram of a support body. Development shown in FIG. 1 (A)
The agent carrier 2 has an elastic layer 4 on the outer periphery of a base 3 such as a shaft.
The intermediate layer 101 and the tube 5 are sequentially arranged concentrically.
It was established. Also, the developer shown in FIG.
The carrier 2 has an elastic layer 4
The tube 5 and the surface layer 201 are arranged concentrically in this order.
It was done. In the present invention, an oil-resistant layer, a resistance adjusting layer,
The adhesive layer corresponds to the intermediate layer 101, and is a wear-resistant layer and an ozone-resistant layer.
Corresponds to the surface layer 201. Incidentally, in the present invention,
The intermediate layer 101 and the surface layer 201 are simultaneously disposed on the developer carrier 2.
May be provided and may have multiple intermediate layers or surfaces
The layers may be provided simultaneously. The elastic layer 4 may be made of a known rubber or elastomer.
Use plastic materials that can form foam
It is possible. For example, natural rubber, styrene pig
Diene rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, nitrile
Rubber, chloroprene rubber, silicone rubber, ethylene
・ Propylene rubber, fluorine rubber, acrylic rubber, epik
Lorhydrin rubber, styrene resin, vinyl chloride, poly
Urethane, phenolic resin, urea resin, epoxy tree
Fat, polyethylene, methacrylic resin, etc.
It is possible. The developer carrier 2 is brought into contact with the latent image carrier.
The development nip when developing
And a developer carrying member and a developer carrying amount regulating member.
When the amount of developer transport is regulated by contacting
Increase the contact area between the developer carrier and the
In order to reduce the contact pressure by making
It is desirable that the elastic body 4 is soft.
Rubber hardness (JIS-A) is 60 (℃) or less, more desirable
More preferably, it is preferably 25 (° C.) or less. In addition, elasticity
The rubber hardness (JIS-A) of the elastic body constituting the layer 4 is about 50
(° C.) or less, the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer 4 is
More elastic, elastic layer 4 is slightly compressed and rubber hardness increases
Even if it does, it can ensure a sufficiently low rubber hardness
(If the elastic layer 4 and the tube 5 are integrally formed,
Although compression of layer 4 does not increase rubber hardness,
A heat-shrinkable tube is used as the
After insertion into the tube 5, the tube 5 is shrunk to cover or
Heating or cooling the elastic layer 4 or the elastic layer 4
Or after expanding or contracting the tube 5, the elastic layer
4 was inserted into the tube 5 and covered by fitting.
And compress the elastic layer 4 to reduce the outer diameter.
5, the elastic layer 4 is compressed.
And the rubber hardness increases. In the embodiment of the present inventor
Is a method for manufacturing a developer carrier as described above.
A large increase in rubber hardness of about 10 (゜) was observed). Ma
In addition, it was necessary to ensure sufficient adhesion between the tube 5 and the elastic layer 4.
In addition, a tube caused by unevenness of the surface of the elastic layer 4
5 To prevent unevenness of the surface of the developer carrier 2 after coating
When a foam is used for the elastic layer 4, the surface of the foam is
It is desirable that a skin layer is formed on the surface. The resin constituting the tube 5 is poly
Urethane, polyamide, polyester, polyethylene,
Polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinylidene fluoride,
Vinylidene fluoride-propylene fluoride copolymer, nitrile
Le-butadiene rubber, vinyl chloride, polycarbonate, etc.
Is mentioned. Also, it is necessary to impart conductivity to the tube 5.
If it is necessary, Cu, Ni, Pt,
Au, Ag, Fe, stainless steel, carbon black, etc.
An appropriate amount of conductive particles can be added. In addition,
The developer carrier, which is a feature of the bright developing device, has the structure described above.
And materials are not limited. Embodiments 1 to 6 In this embodiment,
Solubility coefficient SP of resin or rubber functioning as oil layer
The solubility coefficient SPs of the plasticizer contained in the elastic layer
I let it. FIG. 2 shows the developer carrier 2 in this embodiment.
You. The developer carrier 2 shown in FIG.
An elastic layer 4, an oil-resistant layer 102,
Tubes 5 are sequentially arranged concentrically.
You. Note that the thickness of the oil-resistant layer 102 is determined by
In terms of preventing rubbing, if it is 1-2 (μm) or more,
Demonstrate sufficient effect. However, the development via
When applying a charge, a sufficient
In order to secure the image field and form an image with high image density,
When the oil layer 102 has high resistance, the film thickness 50
(Μm) or less is desirable. In this embodiment, the elastic materials shown in Table 1 are used.
And an elastic body made of plasticizer and carbon black
, Rubber hardness (JIS-A) 40 (℃), volume resistivity
2-8 × 10^Four(Ω · cm) of the elastic layer 4 was formed.
In Table 1, SP is an elastic material constituting the elastic layer 4.
The solubility coefficient of the additive, SPs, is the plasticizer constituting the elastic layer 4.
Is the solubility coefficient. In Table 1, EPR is Echile
Propylene rubber, SBR is styrene butadiene
Rubber, NBR is nitrile butadiene rubber, TMPD
MI benzoate is 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-
Pentanediol monoisobutyrate benzoate, D
OP is di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, DMP is
2 shows dimethyl tartrate. [0024] [Table 1] In this embodiment, the elasticity shown in Table 1 is used.
The resin shown in Table 2 is applied to the elastic layer 4 formed by the body.
An oil-resistant layer 102 of rubber or rubber was formed. [0026] [Table 2] In the developing device of the present invention, the developer
Resin or rubber applicable to the oil-resistant layer, which is a feature of the carrier
Is not limited to Table 2. Further, in this embodiment, the oil-resistant layer 10
2 is covered with a tube 5, so that the developer
Body 2 was created. In Table 2, the oil-resistant layer A is polytetrafluoroethylene.
An elastic layer 4 was formed on a substrate 3 in a heat-shrinkable tube of styrene.
After inserting the developer carrier in the state, it is heated and heat shrinked.
The film of the oil resistant layer A formed by shrinking the tube
The thickness is about 40 (μm). For the oil resistant layers B to D,
Elastic solution of each resin or rubber dissolved in a suitable solvent
Is applied to the conductive layer 4 and then dried and cured to form
And the thickness of the oil resistant layers B to D is about 10, 15, 5 respectively.
(Μm). . The tube 5 in this embodiment is made of polyurethane.
DBP (dibutyl phthalate) oil absorption 330 (m
1 / 100g) of carbon black is added at 25 wt% and dispersed.
This is a heat-shrinkable tube. Tube 5 before heat shrink
The inner diameter is 22 (mmφ) and the tube 5 before heat shrinkage
A state in which the elastic layer 4 and the oil-resistant layer 102 are provided on the base 3 inside.
After inserting the developer carrier, the environment is decompressed, and
Cover tube 5 by heating to 100 (° C)
Thus, a developer carrier 2 was obtained. The volume resistance of the tube 5
The rate is 7 × 10⁰(Ω · cm) and the film thickness is 20 (μm)
(After covering the tube 5 with the elastic layer 4 by heat shrinkage)
The measurement environment is a temperature of 25 (° C.) and a humidity of 50.
(% RH)). The structure and the structure of the developer carrier 2 in this embodiment
Coefficient SPs of the plasticizer constituting the elastic layer 4 and the oil resistance
Table 3 shows the solubility coefficient SP of the layer 102. Elasticity in Table 3
The layer 4 and the oil-resistant layer 102 are described in Tables 1 and 2.
I have. [0031] [Table 3] FIG. 3 shows a developer having at least an elastic layer.
Using the carrier, the developer contacts the latent image carrier and develops
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a developing device. In the present embodiment,
The developer carrier 2, which is a feature of the present invention, is developed as shown in FIG.
An image was formed using the apparatus. The development of the present invention
The device is a developing device shown in FIG.
Components other than body 2 are limited to those shown in FIG.
is not. The developer held on the developer carrier 2
The developer 1 is made of a magnetic or non-magnetic metal or resin.
Is uniformly thinned by a thin plate-like elastic blade 7 to be developed and developed.
Holding the electrostatic image on the support electrode 8 by the rotation of the agent carrier 2
The latent image carrier 10 having the layer 9 formed thereon and the developer carrier 2 are
The developer is conveyed to the developing area that is in contact via the image agent 1. Further, the developer 1 is used to charge the latent image carrier 10.
Potential contrast and the developing bias applying means 11
The support electrode 8 of the latent image carrier 10 and the base of the developer carrier 2
The developing electric field formed by the bias applied to the body 3
Accordingly, the electrostatic latent image adheres to the latent image carrier 10 and is visualized.
You. In this embodiment, the latent image carrier 10 is
Using a commercially available organic photoreceptor, corona charger (not shown)
After the latent image carrier 10 is uniformly charged by the
A latent image by a scanning optical system (not shown) using a laser as a light source.
Irradiating the holding body 10 with light to eliminate the electrification of the portion.
Thus, an electrostatic latent image was formed on the surface of the latent image carrier 10. Using the developer carrier 2 of Examples 1 to 6
The line latent image formed on the latent image carrier 10
Table 4 shows the results of developing the pad latent image. In addition, this implementation
The peripheral speed ratio of the latent image carrier / developer carrier in the example = 1 /
2. Pressing the developer carrier against the latent image carrier = 1 (kg)
is there. Further, in this embodiment, when the image is formed,
A4 size assuming temperature 25 (℃) and humidity 50 (% RH)
An image equivalent to 5000 sheets of paper is continuously formed, and
Temperature of 50 (° C.) and humidity of 80 (% RH).
The developing device equipped with the developer carrier was left for 72 hours.
Then, again, at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 50% RH,
An image was formed as an environment. In Table 4, "image density" indicates the initial solid image.
This is the image density of the image. In addition, "image defects"
This is the result of visual observation of the image and non-image area,
Image, developer adhesion to non-image areas (ground fog, black spots), etc.
Image defects and no image defects in this example
“-” Indicates the temperature, 25 (° C.) and humidity during image formation
50 (% RH), equivalent to 5000 sheets of A4 size paper
When images are formed continuously, there is no image defect.
After leaving in an environment of temperature 50 (° C) and humidity 80 (% RH),
Similarly, if an image defect is found when forming an image,
“+”, Temperature at image formation: 25 (° C.), humidity: 50 (% R)
As H), continuous image equivalent to 5000 sheets of A4 size paper
In the case where an image defect was recognized when the
+ ". Note that the image density (OD value) is
It was measured with a radiometer. In Table 4, ◎ in “Evaluation” indicates image density.
1.5 or more, when all image defects "-" are satisfied
You. In addition, ○ indicates an image density of 1.4 or more and an image defect “−”.
Is satisfied. △ indicates image defects
The case of "+" is shown. X indicates the image defect "++"
Show the case. [0039] [Table 4] In this embodiment, on the latent image carrier 10
600 DPI line image formed without collapse
And, as indicated above, an image density of 1.4 or more
High density solid images can be formed stably
Was. (Comparative Examples 1 to 7)
6 and a resin layer that functions as an oil-resistant layer.
Or the solubility coefficient SP of rubber and the plasticity contained in the elastic layer
The solubility factor SPs of the agent was varied. In this comparative example
Is formed by the elastic body shown in Table 1 as in Examples 1 to 6.
The elastic layer 4 to be formed has a resin or a resin as shown in Tables 2 and 5.
Formed an oil-resistant layer 102 made of rubber.
Preparation of developer carrier covering tube 5 in the same manner as-
did. [0042] [Table 5] In Table 6, the oil-resistant layer I was made of polyvinyl chloride.
The base 3 and the elastic layer 4 were inserted into the heat-shrinkable tube of
Then, heating is performed to shrink the heat-shrinkable tube.
The oil-resistant layer J is dissolved in an appropriate solvent.
The dissolving polycarbonate solution is applied to the elastic layer 4 and
Further, it was formed by drying and curing. Oil resistant layer
The film thicknesses of I and J are 40 and 10 (μm), respectively. Book
The structure of the developer carrier 2 and the elastic layer 4 in the comparative example
Solubility coefficient SPs of formed plasticizer, dissolution of oil-resistant layer 102
Table 7 shows the degree coefficient SP. [0044] [Table 6] In this comparative example, the same as in Examples 1 to 6
Next, the developer carrier 2 of this comparative example is mounted on the developing device shown in FIG.
To form an image. Table 7 shows the results. [0046] [Table 7] In Comparative Example 5, the temperature was 25 (° C.)
100 sheets of A4 size paper in an environment with a temperature of 50 (% RH)
When the corresponding image was formed, white spots were found on the solid image.
Was called. At this point, the image formation is completed and the developer
When the surface of the developer 2 was observed, the
Fusion of developer (filming) at positions corresponding to white spots
Was observed. In Comparative Examples 1 to 3 and 6, the temperature was 25
A4 size paper in an environment of (° C) and humidity of 50 (% RH)
When an image equivalent to about 3000 sheets is formed, the solid image
White spots were observed in the image. Finish forming the image at this point
Then, the surface of the developer carrier 2 was observed.
The position corresponding to the white spot on the image on the developer carrier
In this case, fusion of the developer was observed. In Comparative Examples 4 and 7, the temperature was 25
A4 size paper in an environment of (° C) and humidity of 50 (% RH)
When an image equivalent to 5000 sheets was formed, the image was defective.
I was not able to admit. However, temperature 50 (° C) and humidity 80
(% RH) and then resumed image formation
And left in an environment with a temperature of 50 (° C) and a humidity of 80 (% RH)
The latent image carrier 10 is in contact with the developer carrier 2
Where the corona charger was used to charge
Of course, only about 50% of the normal charge is retained,
It was confirmed that the resistance was reduced, and as a result,
Developer is always developed over the entire area including
Has occurred. In addition, white spots on the image were also observed.
At the position corresponding to the white spot on the image on the
Wearing was recognized. (Embodiments 7 to 10) In this embodiment, the resistance adjusting layer is formed as an elastic layer.
It is arranged between the tube. In this embodiment
The developer carrier 2 is shown in FIG. Developer shown in FIG.
The carrier 2 is an outer periphery of the base 3 made of a stainless steel shaft.
The elastic layer 4, the resistance adjusting layer 103, and the tube 5
These are arranged concentrically. In this embodiment
Is chloroprene rubber with a rubber hardness (JIS-A) of 40 (° C)
Is an elastic layer 4. However, in the present embodiment,
Ren rubber is obtained by dispersing carbon black.
Conductivity, but carbon black
The kneading time when dispersing in Loprene rubber is longer than usual
Due to the short time, the dispersion state of carbon black is uneven.
Local variation in the volume resistivity of the elastic layer 4.
There is a crack. Carbon black is evenly dispersed
In this case, the volume resistivity of the elastic layer 4 is 3 × 10⁶(Ω · c
m), but in this embodiment, the volume resistance of the elastic layer 4 is
The drag rate is approximately 3 × 10⁶± about 10^Two(Ω
· Cm). In this embodiment, the elastic layer 4
Carbon black was added to the resin or rubber shown in Table 8.
The dispersed resistance adjusting layer 103 was formed. Table 8
The volume resistivity ρ (Ω · cm) of the anti-adjustment layer is shown. In addition, resistance
The adjustment layer consists of each resin or rubber dissolved in a suitable solvent.
Is applied to the elastic layer 4 and then dried and cured.
And formed. Incidentally, in the present embodiment of the resistance adjusting layer 103,
Is about 10 (μm). The tube 5 in this embodiment is made of polyethylene.
DBP oil absorption 114 (ml / 100
g) heat-shrink tube in which carbon black is dispersed
Yes, the inner diameter of the tube 5 before heat shrinkage is 22 (mmφ)
And an elastic layer on the base 3 inside the tube 5 before the heat shrinkage.
4. The developer carrying member in which the resistance adjusting layer 102 is disposed
After the insertion, the environment is decompressed and further increased to 100 (° C).
By heating, the tube 5 is covered, and the developer carrier
And 2. The volume resistivity of the tube 5 is 2 × 10 ⁸(Ω
Cm) and a film thickness of 30 (μm).
This is the value after the elastic layer 4 is covered by shrinkage,
Is a temperature of 25 (° C.) and a humidity of 50 (% RH). [0052] [Table 8] In the same manner as in Examples 1 to 6, the developer
Forming an image by using the carrier 2 in the developing device shown in FIG.
Was done. Using the developer carrier 2 of the present embodiment, a latent image
The solid latent image formed on the carrier 10 was developed.
Results (environment: temperature 25 (° C), humidity 50 (% RH))
It is shown in FIG. Note that “density unevenness” in Table 9 indicates a solid image.
The difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the density is shown. [0054] [Table 9] As described above, in this embodiment,
Solid due to partial variation in volume resistivity of elastic layer 4
The density unevenness of the image was 0.1 or less. (Comparative Examples 8 to 10)
This corresponds to Examples 7 to 10 and
The resistance adjustment layer was disposed between the elastic layer and the tube
Things. In this comparative example, the same as in Examples 7 to 10
The resin or rubber shown in Table 10
Forming a resistance adjusting layer 103 in which Bon Black is dispersed;
Was. Table 10 shows the volume resistivity ρ (Ω · c) of the resistance adjusting layer.
m). In this comparative example, the same as in Examples 7 to 10
Was coated to form a developer carrier 2. [0058] [Table 10] Similarly to Examples 7 to 10, the developer of this comparative example
The carrier 2 is used in the developing device shown in FIG.
Of the line latent image and the solid latent image formed on the holding body 10
Result of development (environment: temperature 25 (° C), humidity 50
(% RH)) is shown in Table 11. Table 11 corresponds to Table 9.
Things. [0060] [Table 11] As described above, the software on the latent image carrier 10
The lid image shows the chloroprene rubber constituting the elastic layer 4.
Depending on the variation in resistance value due to unevenness during molding,
The image has shading, and the difference in OD value is 0.1 or more.
Was. (Embodiments 11 to 13)
An arranging layer is disposed between the elastic layer and the tube,
This embodiment is different from the seventh to tenth embodiments. In this embodiment,
FIG. 4 shows the developer carrier 2 to be used. In this embodiment
Is formed by the elastic body shown in Table 1 as in Examples 1 to 6.
The resin or rubber shown in Table 12 is applied to the elastic layer 4 to be formed.
Adjustment with carbon black dispersed as needed
The layer 103 was formed. Table 12 shows the volume resistance of the resistance adjustment layer.
The coefficient of resistivity ρ (Ω · cm) is shown. Note that the resistance adjustment layer 103
Elastic solution of each resin or rubber dissolved in a suitable solvent
Is applied to the conductive layer 4 and then dried and cured to form
Done. Incidentally, the film thickness of the resistance adjusting layer 103 in this embodiment.
Is about 10 (μm). The tube 5 in this embodiment is the same as that in the first embodiment.
~ 6 Disperse carbon black in similar polyurethane
This is a heat-shrinkable tube. Of the tube 5 before heat shrinkage
The diameter is 22 (mmφ), inside the tube 5 before heat shrinkage.
Where the elastic layer 4 and the oil-resistant layer 102 are disposed on the base 3
After inserting the developer carrier, the environment was reduced in pressure, and
Cover tube 5 by heating to 00 (° C)
Thus, a developer carrier 2 was obtained. The volume resistance of the tube 5
The rate is 7 × 10⁰(Ω · cm) and the film thickness is 20 (μm)
(After covering the tube 5 with the elastic layer 4 by heat shrinkage)
The measurement environment is a temperature of 25 (° C.) and a humidity of 50.
(% RH)). [0064] [Table 12] In the same manner as in Examples 1 to 6, the developer
Forming an image using the carrier 2 in the developing device shown in FIG.
Was done. However, in this embodiment, the pin
The latent image carrier 10 on which a roller was formed was used. Of this embodiment
Formed on the latent image carrier 10 using the developer carrier 2
Of developing a solid latent image (environment: temperature 25
(° C.), humidity (50 (% RH)) are shown in Table 13. Table 1
3 “Density unevenness” is the maximum density in the solid image.
Indicates the difference between the value and the minimum value. [0066] [Table 13] As described above, in this embodiment,
Solid due to partial variation in volume resistivity of elastic layer 4
The density unevenness of the image was 0.1 or less. (Comparative Examples 11 and 12) This comparative example is a comparative example.
11 to 13, wherein the resistance adjusting layer is an elastic layer.
And a tube. In this comparative example
In the same manner as in Examples 11 to 13, the elasticity shown in Table 1 was used.
The resin shown in Table 8 is applied to the elastic layer 4 formed by the body.
Or resistance adjusting layer 1 in which carbon black is dispersed in rubber
03 was formed. Table 14 shows the developer carrying of this comparative example.
Combination of elastic layer 4 and resistance adjusting layer 103 in body 2
Show In the present comparative example, Examples 11 to 1 were used.
By covering the same tube 5 as that of 3, the developer
Holding body 2 was created. [0069] [Table 14] Similarly to Examples 11 to 13, the developing
The developer carrier 2 is used in the developing device shown in FIG.
The formation was performed. Further, in this comparative example, Example 11
Similarly, a latent image carrier having an appropriately formed pinhole
10 was used. Using the developer carrier 2 of this comparative example,
Develops the solid latent image formed on the image carrier 10
(Environment: temperature 25 (° C), humidity 50 (% RH))
It is shown in Table 15. [0072] [Table 15] As described above, in this comparative example,
Solid due to partial variation in volume resistivity of elastic layer 4
The density unevenness of the image was 0.1 or more. (Embodiments 14-25) In this embodiment,
Adheres between the elastic layer 4 of the developer carrier 2 and the tube 5
Layers to change the adhesive strength between the elastic layer 4 and the tube 5.
It was made. FIG. 2 illustrates a developer carrier 2 according to the present exemplary embodiment.
It is shown in FIG. The developer carrier 2 shown in FIG.
An elastic layer 4 and an adhesive layer 1
04 and the tube 5 are arranged concentrically in this order.
It is. In this example, the results are shown in Tables 1 and 16.
The elastic layer 4 was formed by the elastic body to be formed. [0075] [Table 16] An elastic layer (elastic layer) made of an elastic material shown in Table 16
The layers E and F) are the elastic layers (elastic layers A to D) shown in Table 1.
Unlike foam, it is a foam, and the elastic layer surface
A naturally occurring skin layer is formed. Also elastic layer
The rubber hardness (JIS-A) of E and F is 10 (゜),
The elastic material forming the elastic layers E and F is a foam,
The elastic layers E and F have elastic layers A to
Unlike D, no plasticizer is added. In other words, bullet
Forming the non-foamed layer with the non-foamed body
Compared to the case where the elastic layer 4 is formed,
In the case of forming the elastic layer 4, addition of a plasticizer is not required.
Necessary or very small amount, practically, plasticizer elastic layer surface
In that oozing into
Useful for An elastic layer made of an elastic material shown in Table 16
(Elastic layers E and F) are the elastic layers (elastic layer A) shown in Table 1.
~ D) Similarly, carbon black is added and dispersed in the elastic layer
The volume resistivity of the elastic layers E and F is 2 to 5 × 1.
0^Four(Ω · cm). In the present embodiment,
The adhesive layer 104 shown in Table 17 was formed. Enough adhesion
If the strength is secured, the thickness of the adhesive layer 104 is
Even a monolayer of the material constituting the layer 104 is sufficient.
In order to avoid destruction of the adhesive layer 104 itself,
The thickness of the film 104 is preferably as thin as possible. Book
The thickness of the adhesive layer in the examples was all 1 (μm) or less.
is there. [0078] [Table 17] Table 1 shows the material of the tube 5 in this embodiment.
FIG. In this embodiment, the car 5 is attached to the tube 5.
By adding and dispersing Bon Black, the tube 5
Is given conductivity. [0080] [Table 18] In this embodiment, the contacts shown in Table 17 are used.
The deposition layer 104 is made of the material shown in Table 17 or the material thereof.
A solution obtained by dissolving a monomer in a solvent, if necessary, is applied to the elastic layer 4.
By applying to the outer peripheral surface or the inner peripheral surface of the tube 5
After the formation of the adhesive layer 104, the tube 5 is immediately
By coating, a developer carrier 2 was prepared. In this embodiment, the tubes shown in Table 18 are used.
Tubes A, B, and E are heat-shrinkable tubes (tubes before heat-shrinkage).
Inner diameter of the tube 5: 22 (mmφ))
The elastic layer 4 and the adhesive layer 104 are provided on the base 3 inside the probe 5.
After inserting the developer carrier in the
And further heated to 100 (° C),
To form a developer carrier 2. Table 18
The tubes C and D shown have no heat shrinkage,
After the adhesive layer 104 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the tube 5,
In the above, by forming the elastic layer 4, or
By utilizing the elastic deformation of the elastic layer 4, the elastic
By fitting the layer 4, the tube 5 is covered on the elastic layer 4.
To form a developer carrier 2. However, the present invention
The image agent carrier is formed by the above-described method for forming the adhesive layer or the method for coating the tube.
It is not limited to law. After the tube 5 is covered with the elastic layer 4,
The volume resistivity of the tube 5 is 3 to 7 × 10^Two(Ω · c
m), and the film thickness is 20 (μm) (measurement environment: temperature 25)
(° C.), humidity 50 (% RH)). Developer in this embodiment
Configuration of Carrier 2 (Elastic Layer 4, Adhesive Layer 104, Tube 5
Are shown in Table 19. Also, the adhesive layer 104
Elastic layer 4 and tube 5 according to JIS-K6850
Tensile shear bond strength (kg / cm^Two) Are shown in Table 19.
You. [0084] [Table 19] In this embodiment, the same as in Embodiments 1 to 6
Next, the developer carrier 2 of the present embodiment is attached to the developing device shown in FIG.
To form an image. Using the developer carrier 2 of this embodiment,
Similarly to Examples 1 to 6, the peripheral speed ratio of the latent image carrier / developer carrier
= 1/2, pressing of developer carrier against latent image carrier = 0.4
(Kg), the line formed on the latent image carrier 10
Develop the latent image and the solid latent image, and use A4 size paper 20
An image equivalent to 000 sheets was formed (environment: temperature 25
(° C.), humidity 50 (% RH)) on the latent image carrier 10
Line image of 600 DPI is formed without collapse
High image density (OD value) of 1.4 or more,
And density unevenness (difference between maximum and minimum OD values) 0.1
The following solid image could be formed. further,
Circumferential speed ratio of latent image carrier / developer carrier = 1/5, developer
Assuming that the holding body is pressed against the latent image carrier = 1.2 (kg),
In this way, an image equivalent to 20,000 sheets of A4 size paper was formed.
Has a line image of 600 DPI on the latent image carrier 10.
It is formed without blurring and has an image density of 1.4 or more.
Solid images with high density and density unevenness of 0.1 or less
Can be formed, no change in image
Was. (Comparative Examples 13 to 23) Comparative Examples 13 to 23
An adhesive layer is provided between the elastic layer 4 of the support 2 and the tube 5.
Which is an example corresponding to Examples 14 to 25
In the comparative examples, the results are shown in Tables 1, 16 and 20.
The elastic layer 4 was formed by the elastic body. [0088] [Table 20] In this comparative example, Table 17 and Table
The adhesive layer 104 shown in FIG. [0090] [Table 21] The tube 5 in this comparative example is shown in Table 1.
8 and Table 22. [0092] [Table 22] Structure of Developer Carrier 2 in Comparative Example
(Combination of elastic layer 4, adhesive layer 104, tube 5)
Are shown in Table 23. Further, the elastic layer 4 formed by the adhesive layer 104
Tensile shear connection of tube 5 according to JIS-K6850
Strength (kg / cm^Two) Are shown in Table 23. [0094] [Table 23] In this comparative example, Examples 14 to 25 were used.
Thus, the developer carrier 2 of this comparative example is
An image was formed using the apparatus. In this comparative example,
In the same manner as in Examples 14 to 25, the temperature was 25 (° C.),
Latent image carrier / development in an environment of humidity 50 (% RH)
Peripheral speed ratio of developer carrier = 1/2, latent image carrier of developer carrier
Pressure = 0.4 (kg), A4 size paper 200
An image equivalent to 00 sheets is formed, and a latent image carrier / development
Peripheral speed ratio of developer carrier = 1/5, latent image carrier of developer carrier
A = size (1.2 kg), A4 size paper 200
An image equivalent to 00 sheets was formed. In the comparative example, initially, the latent image
The line image of 600 DPI is crushed on the holding body 10
Solid image with no OD value of 1.4 or more
Was formed, but as the image formation was continued, the latent image
Blurring or fine image of the solid image on the body 10
Stripes in the axial direction of the period (width direction in image formation)
Density unevenness was observed. Such image degradation
At this point, the image formation is completed and the developer carrier 2 is removed.
As a result of observation, the tube 5 was partially peeled from the elastic layer 4.
Was separated. When image formation was resumed, the developer
In this portion of the body 2, the elastic blade 7 and the developer
At the contact position of the carrier 2 or the developing nip,
The valve 5 slides or floats from the elastic layer 4,
Also, because of this, micro-vibration (chatter) has occurred,
The deterioration of the image as described above is caused by the fact that the tube 5 is partially
From the elastic blade 7 and the developer carrier 2
At the contact position or the development nip, the tube 5
By sliding or floating from the elastic layer 4, the elastic
The amount of the developer 1 transported by the
Occurs because the supply amount of the developer 1 in the
It was confirmed that it was alive. Table 24 shows the occurrence of image deterioration in this comparative example.
Indicates the situation. In Table 24, the "occurrence time" indicates that the latent image
Blurring or fine image of the solid image on the body 10
Deterioration of the image, such as the density unevenness of the cycle, was visually confirmed.
Further, if the tube 5 in the developer carrier 2 is the elastic layer 4
Formation at the time when it is confirmed that the film has peeled off
The amount is converted to A4 size paper (the unit in the table is A4 size
(Equivalent paper size). "Condition" is an image
The condition at the time of formation is shown, and “A” indicates the latent image carrier / developer carrier.
Peripheral speed ratio of carrier = 1/2, developer carrier to latent image carrier
Pressing = 0.4 (kg), “B” indicates latent image carrier / development
Peripheral speed ratio of developer carrier = 1/5, latent image carrier of developer carrier
Pressing = 1.2 (kg). [0098] [Table 24] (Examples 26 to 30) In this example,
A wear-resistant layer is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the tube 5 of the developer carrier 2.
It was arranged. FIG. 6 shows the developer carrier 2 in this embodiment.
You. The developer carrier 2 shown in FIG.
The elastic layer 4, the tube 5, and the
The wear layers 202 are arranged concentrically in order.
is there. In this embodiment, the elastic members shown in Table 16 are used.
A more elastic layer 4 was formed. The tube 5 in this embodiment is made of polystyrene.
Heat-shrinkable copper with carbon black added and dispersed in
It is a tube. The inner diameter of the tube 5 before heat shrinkage is 22
(Mmφ), and the substrate 3 is placed inside the tube 5 before heat shrinkage.
The developer carrying member with the elastic layer 4 disposed therein was inserted into the
After that, decompress the environment and heat it further to 100 (℃)
Covered the tube 5. The volume of the tube 5
The resistivity is 5 × 10^Four(Ω · cm), film thickness is 15 (μm)
(The tube 5 is covered with the elastic layer 4 by heat shrinkage.
The measurement environment is temperature 25 (° C), humidity 5
0 (% RH)). In this embodiment, the base 3, the elastic layer 4,
The wear-resistant layer 202 shown in Table 25 is formed on the tube 5.
Thus, a developer carrier 2 was prepared. [0102] [Table 25] In the present embodiment, Table 25
The wear resistant layers A to C are made of the materials shown in Table 25 or the materials thereof.
A solution in which the monomer to be formed is dissolved in a solvent if necessary
The abrasion-resistant layer 202 is formed by coating the outer peripheral surface of the tube 5.
The wear-resistant layer D formed and shown in Table 25
Resin that constitutes the wear-resistant layer D using
Tube containing a solution of fine particles of ethylene tetrafluoride
5 Form the wear-resistant layer 202 by applying to the outer peripheral surface
The wear-resistant layer E shown in Table 25
A substrate 3, an elastic layer 4, and a
After inserting the developer carrying member with the tube 5 disposed therein,
By reducing the pressure of the environment and further heating and shrinking,
The wear layer 202 was formed, and the developer carrier 2 was formed. Was
However, the developer-carrying member of the present invention has the above-described method for forming a wear-resistant layer.
Not limited to the law, and limited to the above materials
Not used, for example, can be used for the wear-resistant layer 202
Effective materials include those listed in Table 19 and polyethylene.
Len, polyacetal, vinylidene fluoride / profluoride
Pyrene copolymer, ethylene / tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
Body, ethylene tetrafluoride / perfluoroalkyl vinylate
Tercopolymers and the like. In this embodiment,
Means that carbon black is added and dispersed in the wear-resistant layer 202
The volume resistivity of the wear-resistant layer 202 is shown in Table 25.
In the wear-resistant layers A to D shown, 1 to 7 × 10^Two(Ω
.Cm), and 4 × 10^Five(Ω · c
m). Table 25 shows the thickness of the wear-resistant layer 202.
In the wear resistant layers A to D shown, 5 to 7 (μm),
In the wear layer E, the thickness is 10 (μm). In addition, abrasion resistance
As the thickness of the layer 202, 1 to 3 (μm) is sufficient.
Effect, especially when the wear-resistant layer has a high resistance.
As thin as possible, the developing electrode effect of the developer carrier 2
Since the development bias effect can be effectively expressed,
Is more preferable. Configuration of Developer Carrier 2 in the Present Embodiment
Table 26 shows the combination of the elastic layer 4 and the wear-resistant layer 202.
Show. In addition, a wear test according to JIS-K7311 (wear
Wheel H22, 1000 rotation wear)
Table 26 shows the wear amount (mg). [0105] [Table 26] In this embodiment, the same as in Embodiments 1 to 6
Next, the developer carrier 2 of the present embodiment is attached to the developing device shown in FIG.
To form an image. Using the developer carrier 2 of this embodiment,
Similarly to Examples 1 to 6, the line formed on the latent image
Developed the latent image and the solid latent image (environment: temperature 2
5 (° C.), humidity 50 (% RH)).
A 600 DPI line image is formed on the top without crushing
High density solid image with OD value of 1.4 or more
Could be formed. In addition, A4 size paper 300
An image equivalent to 00 sheets was formed, but 6 images were formed on the latent image carrier 10.
A line image of 00 DPI is formed without collapse,
Also forms high density solid images with OD value of 1.4 or more
And the density reduction of solid images is 0.1 or less
Met. (Comparative Examples 24 and 25) The present Comparative Example
A wear-resistant layer is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the tube 5 of the carrier 2.
This corresponds to Examples 26 to 30. Book
In Comparative Examples, as in Examples 26 to 30, Table 16
A tube 5 is coated on an elastic layer 4 made of an elastic body as shown.
After that, an abrasion-resistant layer 202 shown in Table 27 was formed, and developed.
Agent carrier 2 was prepared. [0109] [Table 27] In this comparative example, Table 27
The wear resistant layers F and G are made of the materials shown in Table 27 or the materials thereof.
A solution in which the monomer to be formed is dissolved in a solvent if necessary
The abrasion-resistant layer 202 is formed by coating the outer peripheral surface of the tube 5.
Formed. In this comparative example, the wear-resistant layer 202
Has carbon black added and dispersed, and has a wear-resistant layer
The volume resistivity of F and G is 1 × 10^Three, 8 × 10^Three
(Ω · cm) and the film thickness is 5, 10 (μm). Configuration of Developer Carrier 2 in Comparative Example
Table 28 shows the combination of the elastic layer 4 and the wear-resistant layer 202.
Show. In addition, a wear test according to JIS-K7311 (wear
Wheel H22, 1000 rotation wear)
Table 28 shows the abrasion amount (mg). [0112] [Table 28] In this comparative example, the same as in Examples 1 to 6
Next, the developer carrier 2 of this comparative example is mounted on the developing device shown in FIG.
To form an image. The developer bearing of this comparative example
Using the carrier 2, the latent image carrier 1
The development of the line latent image and the solid latent image formed on
(Environment: temperature 25 (° C), humidity 50 (% RH))
At this time, initially, the 600 DPI
A line image is formed without collapse, and a comparative example
The image density of each of the solid images 24 and 25 is 1.5
2, 1.47 to form a high density solid image
I was able to. However, in Comparative Example 24,
Continuous formation of images equivalent to 22,000 sheets of A4 size paper
At this point, the developer 1 spreads on the non-image area on the latent image carrier 10.
And a non-image portion on the latent image carrier 10
Developer carrier 2 at position corresponding to streak-like adhesion of image agent 1
Confirmed that deep streak-like scratches exist in the circumferential direction on the surface of
Was done. In Comparative Example 25, A4 size paper 5
When images of 000 sheets are continuously formed, the latent image
The developer 1 starts to adhere to the non-image area on the holding body 10 in a streak shape.
And an image equivalent to 10,000 A4 size paper
At the time of successive formation, all non-image portions on the latent image carrier 10
Developer 1 adhered to the body, and ground fog occurred. Comparative Example 2
5, the surface of the developer carrier 2 has a line-shaped
Countless scratches, compared to the initial developer carrier surface
And the gloss is completely lost, and it is obviously rough overall
As a result, the transport amount of the developer 1 by the developer carrier 2
Gradually increased, and the non-image portion was covered. (Embodiments 31 to 35) In this embodiment,
Is an ozone-resistant layer on the outer peripheral surface of the tube 5 of the developer carrier 2.
Was arranged. FIG. 7 shows the developer carrier 2 in this embodiment.
Show. The developer carrier 2 shown in FIG.
The elastic layer 4, the tube 5,
The ozone-resistant layers 203 are arranged concentrically in order.
It is. In this embodiment, the elasticity shown in Table 16 is used.
The elastic layer 4 was formed by the body. Chu in this embodiment
In the same manner as in Examples 26 to 30,
Heat-shrinkable tube with added and dispersed carbon black
You. In this embodiment, the base 3, the elastic layer 4,
The ozone resistant layer 203 shown in Table 29 was formed in the tube 5.
Thus, a developer carrier 2 was prepared. [0116] [Table 29] In the present embodiment, Table 29
The ozone resistant layers A to C are made of the materials shown in Table 29 or the materials thereof.
Dissolve the constituent monomers in a solvent if necessary
The ozone-resistant layer 20 is formed by coating the outer surface of the tube 5.
3 and the ozone resistant layers D and E shown in Table 29
Are made of polyvinylidene fluoride and polytetrafluoride, respectively.
A substrate 3, an elastic layer 4, and a tube are placed in a heat-shrinkable tube made of titanium.
After inserting the developer carrying member in the state where the
The environment is decompressed and further heated and shrunk,
The developer layer 2 was formed by forming the zone 203. Was
However, the developer carrier of the present invention has the above-mentioned ozone resistant layer formation.
It is not limited to the method, and it is limited to the above materials.
It is not specified, for example,
Available materials include those listed in Table 29 and chlorine
Polyether, ethylene-propylene copolymer, chlorine
Polyethylene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, ethyl
Lene / vinyl acetate copolymer, acryl / nitrile copolymer
Body, polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride,
Propylene copolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene, ethylene
Ethylene tetrafluoride copolymer, ethylene tetrafluoride
-Fluorine such as fluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer
Including resin or rubber. In this example,
In addition, carbon black is added to the ozone resistant layer 203
-It is dispersed, and the volume resistivity of the ozone resistant layer 203 is
In the ozone resistant layers A to C shown in Table 29, 3 to 8 ×
10^Two(Ωcm) in the ozone resistant layers D and E
4 × 10 each^Five, 6 × 10^Five(Ω · cm). Ma
The thickness of the ozone-resistant layer 203 is as shown in Table 29.
5 (μm) in the zone layers A to D, and
Is 10 (μm). The ozone resistant layer 203
The film thickness is about 2 (μm) as a gas barrier effect.
Is sufficient, especially if the ozone resistant layer has a high resistance,
As thin as possible, the developing electrode effect of the developer carrier 2
Because the development bias effect can be effectively expressed,
preferable. Ozone Resistant Layer of Developer Carrier in the Present Invention
As a criterion for selecting the resin or rubber that constitutes
The present inventor has proposed a resin used as an ozone-resistant layer or
Ozone in an environment where rubber or the like uses the developer carrier of the present invention
Is stable for a long enough time
Therefore, the ozone resistance test method was set to 23 (° C)
1 (hour), constant rate in an atmosphere with a concentration of 25 (ppm)
Tensile load 5 (kg / cm ^Two) Load stress
However, under the above conditions, "No crack was observed in the test piece.
If it is, it can be applied as an ozone-resistant layer "
Was. Among the currently available image forming devices, ozone inside the device
For the density, use a corona charger for negative charging as an image forming apparatus.
Those having a high value show a high value of 1 to 5 (ppm).
Further, the developer carrier 2 comes into contact with the latent image carrier 10 to perform development.
Or when the elastic blade 7 contacts the developer carrier 2
When regulating the transport amount of the developer 1, the tube 5 is pulled.
It will receive a tension load. Based on this situation
Therefore, the present inventor, as an accelerated test for actual use conditions,
The above ozone resistance test was defined. In the present invention,
The above-mentioned ozone deterioration resistance test method is described in JIS-K6301.
Ozone degradation test and JIS-K7108 under constant tensile load
Conforms to the plastics chemical resistance test method in
Specifically, the test excluding test pieces and test containers
Regarding the equipment, JIS-K7108 and the test tank
And ozone generator, JIS-K6301
I am satisfied. As shown in Table 29, the resistance to e
The zone 203 has a temperature of 23 (° C.) and an ozone concentration of 25 (pp).
m) atmosphere, 1 (hour), constant tensile load 5 (kg)
/ Cm ^TwoWhen the applied stress of ()
Was not recognized at all. Configuration of Developer Carrier 2 in this Example
Table 30 shows the combination of the elastic layer 4 and the ozone-resistant layer 203.
Shown in [0121] [Table 30]In this embodiment, the same as in Embodiments 1 to 6
Next, the developer carrier 2 of the present embodiment is attached to the developing device shown in FIG.
To form an image. In this embodiment, the developer
Using holder 2, temperature 25 (° C), humidity 50 (% R
H), an ozone concentration of 1 (pp) around the developer carrier 2
In the environment of m), as in Examples 1 to 6,
Of the line latent image and the solid latent image formed on the body 10
When the image was taken, an image equivalent to 50,000 A4 size paper
Images were formed continuously (required time: about 70 hours).
The line image of 600 DPI is crushed on the carrier 10
And a high-concentration solution with an OD value of 1.4 or more.
A lid image could be formed. (Comparative Examples 26 to 29) The present Comparative Example
An ozone-resistant layer was provided on the outer peripheral surface of the tube 5 of the support 2.
This corresponds to Examples 31 to 35.
FIG. 7 shows the developer carrier 2 in this comparative example. Book comparison
In the example, the elastic layer 4 shown in FIG.
Was formed. The tube 5 in this comparative example is the same as that in the second embodiment.
Carbon black in polystyrene similar to 6-30
A heat-shrinkable tube added and dispersed. In this comparative example
Table 31 shows the base 3, the elastic layer 4, and the tube 5.
Forming an ozone resistant layer 203 to be formed,
Done. [0124] [Table 31] In this comparative example, the ozone resistant layer 20
3 has carbon black added and dispersed,
Each of the zone layers F and G has a volume resistivity of 4 × 10^Five, 9
× 10^Five(Ω · cm). In addition, the ozone resistant layers F and G
Are 15, 23 (μm), respectively. As shown in Table 31, the resistance to omission in this comparative example was
The zone 203 has a temperature of 23 (° C.) and an ozone concentration of 25 (pp).
m) atmosphere, 1 (hour), constant tensile load 5 (kg)
/ Cm ^Two), The ozone resistant layer F,
A number of cracks having a width of about 1 (mm) were generated in both G. Configuration of Developer Carrier 2 in Comparative Example
Table 32 shows the combination of the elastic layer 4 and the ozone-resistant layer 203.
Shown in [0128] [Table 32] In this comparative example, the same as in Examples 1 to 6
Next, the developer carrier 2 of this comparative example is mounted on the developing device shown in FIG.
To form an image. Using the developer carrier 2 of this comparative example,
Degree 25 (° C), Humidity 50 (% RH), around developer carrier 2
In an environment with an ozone concentration of 1 (ppm)
Line latent image and solid latent image formed on image carrier 10
The image was developed. Initially, the latent image carrier 10
A line image of 00 DPI is formed without collapse,
Also forms high density solid images with OD value of 1.4 or more
We were able to. However, about 40 A4 size paper
From the point of continuous formation of images equivalent to 000 sheets,
In all of the comparative examples, the solid image on the latent image
White spots occurred on the image. Also, the surface of the developer carrier 2
Cracks of about 0.5 to 2 (mm) occur (especially developer carrier
At the end), and the part corresponding to this crack
Was blank in the solid image. Although the embodiment has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.
Not only the examples, but also developing devices for electrophotography etc.
Printer, copier, facsimile, etc.
You. In addition, as an applicable developing method, a one-component non-magnetic
Both the imaging method, the one-component magnetic development method, and the two-component magnetic development method
It is possible. However, the developing electrode effect by the tube 5
For best performance, place the tube 5 close to the latent image carrier.
Contact, and therefore the developer
Transported as a thin layer on the developer carrier, contacts the latent image carrier and
An imaging development method is most desirable. With such a development method
Contact using one-component non-magnetic or magnetic developer
The development method is most suitable. As a method for manufacturing the tube 5, a known tree is used.
A fat molding method is applicable, but as a tube molding method
Is the most widely used extrusion molding the easiest?
Low cost and excellent mass productivity.
This is the most desirable method for manufacturing the probe 5. In addition, a method for forming a coating on the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer 4
As a method, except for coating with a tube, by painting
The formation of coatings is known and common, but in painting
When the elastic layer 4 is a foam having no skin layer on the surface,
The formation of a coating is practically impossible, and the coating of the coating,
Requires relatively large equipment for drying, etc.
Although there is a problem that the required process is long,
When a coating is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer 4, the elastic layer 4
Regardless of the configuration, coating is possible, and
By forming the elastic layer 4 inside the tube 5,
The conductive layer 4 can be integrally molded and the tube 5 can be heated
Short and simple heating
Low cost and simple process that can be coated only by processing
Thus, the developing device can be manufactured. [0134] As described above, the resin or the resin on the elastic layer
Is a tree that has an oil-resistant layer made of rubber and constitutes the oil-resistant layer.
Fat or rubber solubility parameter (solubility parameter) S
P to the solubility coefficient SPs of the plasticizer contained in the elastic layer
For the formula: 2 ≦ | SP-SPs | By satisfying the above conditions, the resin constituting the oil-resistant layer or
Rubber solubility coefficient SP is the solubility coefficient of plasticizer in the elastic layer
Significantly different from SPs, because their affinity is extremely low
In addition, the plasticizer does not penetrate the oil-resistant layer, and
Of the elastic layer due to seepage of the contained plasticizer from the elastic layer
It is possible to prevent a decrease in hardness,
Plasticizer that oozes out of the developer carrier
To prevent developer carrier and latent image carrier
Improve life and form images stably for a long time
It becomes possible.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a developer carrier of a developing device according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a developer carrier having an oil-resistant layer used in the developing device of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a developing device that uses a developer carrier having at least an elastic layer and performs development by bringing the developer into contact with a latent image carrier. FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a developer carrier having a resistance adjusting layer used in the developing device of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a developer carrier having an adhesive layer used in the developing device of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a developer carrier having a wear-resistant layer used in the developing device of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a developer carrier having an ozone-resistant layer used in the developing device of the present invention. [Description of Signs] 1 ... developer, 2 ... developer carrier, 3 ... substrate, 4 ... elastic layer, 5 ... tube, 7 ... elastic blade, 8 ... support electrode,
Reference numeral 9: electrostatic image holding layer, 10: latent image carrier, 101: intermediate layer, 102: oil-resistant layer, 103: resistance adjusting layer, 104: adhesive layer, 201: surface layer, 202: wear-resistant layer, 203: resistance ozone layer.

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-2-311868 (JP, A) JP-A-1-248881 (JP, A) JP-A-2-311872 (JP, A) Masato Umeno Complete Processing Technology 3 Styrene-butadiene rubber, Japan, Taisei Co., Ltd., October 15, 1978, pages 15-16, “2.1.2 Structure and physical properties of rubber b. Solubility parameter” See Japan Rubber Association, 10 Special Synthetic Rubber Courses, Japan, The Rubber Association of Japan, November 15, 1970, pp. 46-47, see “5.3.2 Oil and its effect of addition”. Editorial Committee of Polymer Dictionary, New Polymer Dictionary, Japan, Asakura Shoten Co., Ltd., September 10, 1989, pp. 264-265, see “Oil-Resistant Rubber”. Large Dictionary, Japan, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Oct. 20, 1989, p. 1335, see “Solvent Resistance” (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G03G 13 / 08- 13/095 G03G 15/08-15/095 F16C 13/00

Claims (1)

(57) [Claim 1] A developing method in which a developer carrier having at least an elastic layer is brought into contact with the latent image carrier in order to visualize a latent image formed on the latent image carrier. In the apparatus, an oil-resistant layer made of resin or rubber is formed on the elastic layer, and a solubility coefficient of the resin or rubber constituting the oil-resistant layer is determined.
arameter) A developing device, wherein SP and a solubility coefficient SPs of a plasticizer contained in the elastic layer satisfy the following expression: 2 ≦ | SP−SPs |.