JP3673973B2 - 血管内ステントを製造する方法、及びこの方法で製造されたステント - Google Patents

血管内ステントを製造する方法、及びこの方法で製造されたステント Download PDF

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JP3673973B2
JP3673973B2 JP10920694A JP10920694A JP3673973B2 JP 3673973 B2 JP3673973 B2 JP 3673973B2 JP 10920694 A JP10920694 A JP 10920694A JP 10920694 A JP10920694 A JP 10920694A JP 3673973 B2 JP3673973 B2 JP 3673973B2
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stent
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ピー．バーグ エリック
ジェイ．タッチ ロナルド
ドロア マイケル
ジー．ウォルフ ロドニー
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メドトロニック・インコーポレーテッド
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
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    • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
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Description

【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
この発明は、血管に与えられる損傷の治療のための血管内ステント及び特に治療のための物質又は薬剤が適用された骨組みを有しているステントに関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
血管形成術の方法が、閉塞された動脈の治療のために人気を大いに増加してはいるが、血管形成術による治療に続く再狭窄の問題が、重要な問題のままである。再狭窄は、例えばバルーン拡大、アセレクトノミー(atherectomy) 又は動脈のレーザー除去治療のような血管形成術による、動脈のふさがれた部分を開ける努力によって起こる、動脈への外傷の後に起こる末梢性又は冠動脈の閉鎖である。これらの血管形成術の方法のために、再狭窄は、血管のロケーションと傷害の長さ及び多くの他の変数に依存して、大体30−60% の率で発生する。
【０００３】
再狭窄の１つの側面は、単に機械的であるだけかもしれない；即ち、動脈の壁の伸縮性のリバウンド、及び／または、血管形成術の方法による血管の切開により引き起こされるものであるかもしれない。これらの機械的な問題は、ステントを使用し、切開部分を縫合すると共に血管の伸縮性のリバウンドを防止し、それによって多くの患者のために再狭窄のレベルを減少させることにより、十分に手当されている。ステントは典型的には血管の内腔にカテーテルによって挿入され、そして動脈の壁の病気にかかった部分と接触するように伸び、それによって内腔に内部のサポートを供給する。
【０００４】
効果的にPTCAバルーンの上に適用されて、そして同時に影響を受けた動脈のバルーン拡張として放射状に拡大したステントの例が、Palmazに発行された米国特許明細書第4,733,665 号、Gianturco に発行された米国特許明細書第4,800,882 、及び、Wiktorに発行された米国特許明細書第4,886,062 号に開示されたステントを含み、これら全体に言及することによってここに取り込む。
【０００５】
再狭窄の別の側面が、血管形成術の方法による動脈の壁の損傷に対する自然の治療効果の反応であると思われる。治療効果があるプロセスの複雑なステップの最後の結果は、動脈が再びふさがれるまでの、内膜の肥厚、中間の平滑筋細胞の移住と増殖である。
【０００６】
再狭窄問題の両方の面について手当するため、内皮の細胞と共に接種された(Dichek, D. A. et al, Seeding of Intravascular Stents With Genetically Engineered Endothelial Cells; Circulation 1989; 80: 1347-1353) ステントを与えることが提案された。その実験では、細菌性のβ−ガラクトシダーゼ又は人間の組識型プラスミノゲン賦活物質のいずれかのための、レトロウイルスが仲介する因子転嫁を受けたヒツジ内皮細胞は、ステンレス鋼のステントの上へ接種され、そしてステントが覆われるまで育てられた。それゆえに細胞は、それらが治療のためのたんぱく質を与えることができる血管の壁に配達されることができた。
【０００７】
血管の壁に治療のための物質を与えるための他の方法は、ヘパリンがコートされた単純な金属製のステントで、ヘパリンのコーティングがイオン的或いは共有結合的にステントに結合しているものを含む。血管の壁に治療のための物質を与えるための更に他の方法は、Palmazに発行された米国特許明細書第5,102,417 号や国際特許出願(WO91/12779)「管腔内の薬剤を溶出する補綴」及び国際特許出願(WO90/13332)「薬剤のデリバリーを継続するステント」等で提案されている。それらの出願では、抗血小板剤と抗凝固剤と抗菌剤と抗代謝剤及び他の薬剤が、再狭窄の発生率を減少させるためにステントに供給することが提案されている。
【０００８】
Palmazに発行された米国特許明細書第4,733,665 号、Gianturco に発行された米国特許明細書第4,800,882 号、及び、Wiktorに発行された米国特許明細書第4,886,062 号に開示されたもののような金属製のステントが、ステントの外表面に適用された物質と治療されるための血管の組織との間で、親密な接触を維持する能力があるので、ドラッグデリバリーのためにふさわしいということができる。
【０００９】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、ステントの金属の上へ治療上重要な量の物質を確保し、血管の壁と接触するようにステントが拡張する間にステント上にそれを保持するためには、又、同時に血管の壁へのステントの上の薬のドラッグデリバリーの割合を制御するには、解決すべき重要な問題がある。
【００１０】
それゆえに、本発明の目的は、それに適用された薬剤の治療上重要な量を有しているステントを与えることある。
【００１１】
本発明の他の目的は、それに適用された薬剤の治療上重要な量を失うことなく、選択された血管に配達されると共にその中で拡張するステントを与えることある。
【００１２】
本発明の他の目的は、血管組織への薬剤の継続した放出を可能とする、薬剤を含有したステントを与えることある。
【００１３】
本発明の他の目的は、治療のための物質のコーティングをステントに適用するための簡単な方法を与えることある。
【００１４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
【００１５】
これらと他の目的は、本発明によって成し遂げられる。我々は、ステントの本体に、特にその組織に接触する表面へ、溶媒と、溶媒に溶解されたポリマーと、溶媒に分散された治療のための物質を含む溶液を適用し、そして溶媒を蒸発させることにより、脈管内のステントを製造する方法を発見した。ステントの上の薬剤との親密な接触の中にポリマーを含むことが、薬剤がステントの拡張の間に弾力のあるマトリックス中でステント上に保持されることを許し、そして同時に、移植の後の薬剤の投与の速度を遅くすることを許す。
【００１６】
ステントが金属性か、高分子の表面を持っているのかを問わず、方法を適用することができる。方法は又、単にステントを溶液に浸すか、ステントに溶液を噴霧することによって適用することができるという、非常に単純なものである。コーティングの間で乾くことを許しつつ、溶液の薄い複数のコーティングを適用することによって、ステントに含められべき薬剤の量を容易に調整することができる。カテーテルによる脈管内の配達のためのステントの輪郭を極度に増大させないように、全体のコーティングは、十分に薄くあるべきである。それゆえに、好ましくはコーティングはおよそ0.002 インチの厚味より少なく、そして最も好ましくは0.001 インチの厚味より少ない。
【００１７】
コーティングの接着と、薬剤が放出される割合は、適切な生体吸収性もしくは生体安定性のポリマーを選択すること、及び、溶液の中の重合体と薬剤の比によって調整することができる。この方法によって、例えばデキサメサゾン(dexamethasone) やベタメサゾン(betamethasone) のようなグルココルチコイド(glucocorticoids) 、ヘパリン(heparin) 、ヒルジン(hirudin) 、トコフェロール(tocopherol)、アンジオペプチン（angiopeptin)、アスピリン(aspirin) 、ＡＣＥ阻害剤(ACEinhibitors) 、成長因子(growthfactors) やオリゴヌクレオチド（oligonucleotides）のような薬剤、そしてより一般的には、抗血小板剤、抗凝固剤、抗有糸分裂剤、抗酸化剤、抗代謝剤及び抗炎症剤をステントに適用し、ステントの拡張の間のステントに保持し、そして制御された割合で薬を溶出することができる。
【００１８】
放出率は、さらに複数の層中のポリマーへの薬剤の割合を変えることによって制御することができる。例えば、外側の層における内側の層より高い薬対ポリマーの割合は、時間の経過と共に減少する、より高く早い投与量を与える。
【００１９】
動作に際しては、本発明により製造されたステントが、人体内腔の選ばれた部分に内腔を通して(transluminally)ステントを導入し、ステントを放射状に拡大させて人体内腔と接触させることにより、人体内腔へ薬剤を配達することができる。内腔を通した配達は、ステントの配達のために設計されたカテーテルによって成し遂げられ、そして放射状の拡張は、ステントのバルーン拡張か、自己拡張か或いは自己拡張とバルーン拡張の組み合わせによって成し遂げられる。
【００２０】
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。
【００２１】
本発明は、脈管内のステントを製造する方法に関連する。ステントの根本的な構造は、自己拡張タイプであってもバルーン拡張タイプであっても、或いは金属であっても高分子であっても、事実上いかなる設計のステントでもよい。従って、Palmazに発行された米国特許明細書第4,733,665 号、Gianturco に発行された米国特許明細書第4,800,882 号、及び、Wiktorに発行された米国特許明細書第4,886,062 号に開示されたもののような、金属製のステントの設計を本発明では使用することができる。
【００２２】
ステントは、設計にふさわしい物理的な性状を有している生体適合性の素材であれば、事実上どれによっても製造することができる。例えば、タンタルとステンレススチールは、多くのそのような設計にふさわしいと証明され、そして本発明で使用することができる。同様に、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(poly(ethylene terephthalate))、ポリアセタール(polyacetal)、ポリラクティックアシッド(poly(lactic acid)) 、ポリエチレンオキサイド／ポリブチレンテレフタレートコポリマー(poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(butylene terephthalate)copolymer)のような生体安定性又は生体吸収性のポリマーにより製造されたステントを本発明では使用することができる。
【００２３】
ステントの表面が清潔で、そして製造の間に招かれるかもしれない不純物と無関係であるべきではあるが、ステントの表面は、本発明により適用されたコーティングを保持するためには、どんな特別の表面処理も必要としない。本発明により、ステントの内側と外側の両方の表面にコーティングが供給されるかもしれない。
【００２４】
本発明によるコートされたステントを与えるために、まず、溶媒と、溶媒に溶解されたポリマーと、溶媒に分散された治療のための物質を含む溶液が準備される。相互に矛盾しない溶媒とポリマーと治療のための物質を選ぶことは重要である。溶媒が、溶液中での望まれた濃度でポリマーを溶液中へ導く能力があることは、不可欠である。又、選ばれた溶媒とポリマーとが、治療のための物質の治療のための性格を化学的に変えないことも不可欠である。しかしながら、治療のための物質は、溶媒の全体にわたって分散され、それが溶媒と共に本当の溶液中にあるか、或いは、溶媒の中に微粒子として分散されているようになることを必要とするだけである。ポリマーと溶媒と治療のための物質のいくつかの適当な組み合わせの例が、以下の表１に示される。
【００２５】
【表１】
Figure 0003673973
【００２６】
溶液がステントに適用され、そして溶媒は蒸発し、それによってステントの表面にポリマーと治療のための物質のコーティングを残す。典型的には、溶液は、ステントの上へ溶液を噴霧するか、溶液にステントを浸すことによってステントに適用することができる。浸漬による適用か噴霧による適用を選ぶかは、主に溶液の粘度と表面張力に依存するが、しかしながら、例えばエアブラシから得られるような微細なスプレーで噴霧することは、最も一様性のコーティングを供給し、そしてステントに適用されるべきコーティング材料の量に対する最も有効な制御を与えることがわかっている。噴霧により又は浸漬により適用されたコーティングは、いずれも改良されたコーティングの一様性と、ステントに適用されるべき治療のための物質の量に対する改良された制御を与えるには、複数の適用ステップが一般に望ましい。
【００２７】
選ばれたポリマーは生体適合性で、そしてステントが移植されるとき血管の壁への刺激を最小限にするポリマーでなければならない。ポリマーは、放出の望まれた率かポリマーの安定性の望まれた程度によって、生体安定性か生体吸収性のポリマーのいずれでもよいが、生体吸収性のポリマーは、生体安定性のポリマーと異なり、移植の後に長く存在して逆に慢性的な局部反応を起こすことがないので、おそらくより好ましいものである。使用し得る生体吸収性のポリマーは、ポリ（Ｌ−ラクティックアシッド）(poly(L-lactic acid)) 、ポリカプロラクトン(polycaprolactone)、ポリ（ラクチド−コ−グリコライド）(poly(lactide-co-glycolide))、ポリ（ハイドロキシブチラート）(poly(hydroxybutyrate)) 、ポリ（ハイドロキシブチラート−コ−バリレート）(poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate)) 、ポリジオキサノン(polydioxanone) 、ポリオルソエステル(polyorthoester)、ポリアンハイドライド(polyanhydride) 、ポリ（グリコーリックアシッド）(poly(glycolic acid)) 、ポリ（Ｄ，Ｌ−ラクティックアシッド）(poly(D, L-lactic acid))、ポリ（グリコーリックアシッド−コ−トリメチレンカーボネート）(poly(glycolicacid-co-trimethylene carbonate))、ポリフォスフォエステル(polyphosphoester)、ポリフォスフォエステルウレタン(polyphosphoester urethane) 、ポリ（アミノアシッド）(poly(amino acids)) 、シアノアクリレート(cyanoacrylates)、ポリ（トリメチレンカーボネート）(poly(trimethylene carbonate))、ポリ（イミノカーボネート）(poly(iminocarbonate))、コポリ（エーテル−エステル）(copoly(ether-esters))( 例えばPEO/PLA)、ポリアルキレンオギザレート(polyalkylene oxalates) 、ポリフォスファゼン(polyphosphazenes)、及び、フィブリン(fibrin)、フィブリノーゲン(fibrinogen)、セルロース(cellulose) 、スターチ(starch)、コラーゲン(collagen)及びヒアルロニックアシッド(hyaluronicacid)等の生体分子を含む。
【００２８】
また、ポリウレタン(polyurethanes) 、シリコン(silicones) 及びポリエステル(polyesters)のような比較的低い慢性の組織応答の生体安定性ポリマーも使用することができ、そしてポリオレフィン(polyolefins) 、ポリイソブチレンとエチレン−アルファオレフィンのコポリマー(polyisobutylene and ethylene-alphaolefin copolymers) ；アクリル酸ポリマーとコポリマー(acrylic polymers and copolymers) 、ポリビニルクロライド(polyvinyl chloride)のようなビニルハライドポリマーとコポリマー(vinyl halide polymers and copolymers)；ポリビニルメチルエーテル(polyvinyl methyl ether)のようなポリビニルエーテル(polyvinyl ethers)；ポリビニリデンフルオライド(polyvinylidene fluoride) やポリビニリデンクロライド(polyvinylidene chloride) のようなポリビニリデンハライド(polyvinylidene halides)；ポリアクリロニトリル(polyacrylonitrile) ポリビニルケトン(polyvinyl ketones) ；ポリスチレン(polystyrene) のようなポリビニルアロマチック(polyvinyl aromatics) 、ポリビニルアセテート(polyvinyl acetate) のようなポリビニルエステル(polyvinyl esters)；エチレン−メチルメタクリレートコポリマー(ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymers) のようなビニルモノマー同士又はオレフィンとのコポリマー(copolymers of vinylmonomers with each other and olefins) 、アクリロニトリル−スチレンコポリマー(acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers)、ＡＢＳ樹脂(ABS resins)及びエチレン−ビニルアセテートコポリマー(ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers) ；ナイロン６６(Nylon 66)及びポリカプロラクタム(polycaprolactam) のようなポリアミド(polyamides)；アルキッド樹脂(alkyd resins)；ポリカーボネート(polycarbonates)；ポリオキシメチレン(polyoxymethylenes) ；ポリイミド(polyimides)；ポリエーテル(polyethers)；エポキシ樹脂(epoxy resins)、ポリウレタン(polyurethanes) ；レーヨン(rayon) ；レーヨントリアセテート(rayon-triacetate)；セルロース(cellulose) 、セルロースアセテート(cellulose acetate) 、セルロースブチラート(cellulose butyrate)；セルロースアセテートブチラート(cellulose acetate butyrate)；セロファン(cellophane)；セルロースナイトレート(cellulose nitrate) ；セルロースプロピオネート(cellulose propionate)；セルロースエーテル(cellulose ethers)；及びカルボキシメチルセルロース(carboxymethyl cellulose) のような他のポリマーも、それらが溶解され、ステント上で硬化或いは重合する場合は、使用することができる。
【００２９】
溶液の中のポリマーに対する治療のための物質の比率は、ステントの上へ治療のための物質を確保することにおけるポリマーの効力と、コーティングが血管の組織に対し治療のための物質を放出する割合に依存する。もしポリマーがステントの上へ治療のための物質を確保することにおける効力に乏しければ、より多くのポリマーが必要とされるかもしれず、そしてよりポリマーが非常に溶け易い治療のための物質の溶出を制限する溶出マトリックスを与えるためには、より多くのポリマーが必要とされるかもしれない。ポリマーに対する治療のための物質の広い比率が、それゆえに適切ということができて、そしておよそ１０：１からおよそ１：１００に変動することができる。
【００３０】
本発明で使用される治療のための物質は、事実上、血管への適用のための望ましい治療の特徴を持ついかなる治療のための物質でもよい。これは固体の物質と液体の物質の双方を含むことができる。例えば、デキサメサゾン(dexamethasone) やベタメサゾン(betamethasone) のようなグルココルチコイド(glucocorticoids) 、ヘパリン(heparin) 、ヒルジン(hirudin) 、トコフェロール(tocopherol)、アンジオペプチン（angiopeptin)、アスピリン(aspirin) 、ＡＣＥ阻害剤(ACE inhibitors)、成長因子(growth factors)やオリゴヌクレオチド（oligonucleotides）、そしてより一般的には、抗血小板剤、抗凝固剤、抗有糸分裂剤、抗酸化剤、抗代謝剤及び抗炎症剤を使用することができる。
【００３１】
抗血小板剤は、アスピリン(aspirin) やジピリダモール(dipyridamole)のような薬を含むことができる。アスピリンは鎮痛剤と解熱剤と抗炎症剤と抗血小板剤に分類される。ジピリダモールは、それが抗血小板的特徴を有していることでアスピリンに似ている薬剤である。ジピリダモールは、冠血管拡張剤としても分類される。抗凝固剤は、ヘパリン(heparin) とクマジン(coumadin)とプロタミン(protamine) とヒルジン(hirudin) とダニ抗凝固性たんぱく質(tick anticoagulant protein)のような薬剤を含むことができる。抗有糸分裂剤と抗代謝剤は、メソトレゼイト(methotrexate)、アザチオプリン(azathioprine)、ビンクリスチン(vincristine) 、ビンブラスチン(vinblastine) 、フルオロウラシル(fluorouracil)、アドリアマイシン(adriamysin)及びムタマイシン(mutamycin) のような薬剤を含むことができる。
【００３２】
【実施例】
以下の実施例は、発明の種々の側面について典型的なものである。
【００３３】
実施例１
デキサメタゾン(dexamethasone) の1%アセトン溶液が透明な溶液として調製された。溶液は、エアブラシの容器（Badger#200）内に置かれた。ウルクター(Wlktor)タイプのタンタル製ワイヤーステントに、回転させつつ短い噴霧で溶液がかけられた。アセトンはステントから素早く蒸発し、ステントワイヤーの上に白い残渣を残した。すべてのステントワイヤーがコートされるまで、プロセスは続けられた。ステントの薬剤溶出率が、リン酸塩で緩衝された食塩水（pH=7.4）にステントを浸すことによって決定された。デキサメサゾンの痕跡が、最大３１時間の間に、浸されたステント上でとどまっていることが観察された。
【００３４】
実施例２
デキサメタゾンの2%アセトン溶液が、デキサメタゾンの粒子が懸濁されている溶液として調製された。溶液は、チューブ内に置かれた。ウルクタータイプのタンタル製ワイヤーステントが、素早く浸漬され、そして乾燥された。それぞれのステントが、白い表面コーティングを与えるために、12−15回溶液に浸漬された。２つのステントが血管形成術のバルーン上に置かれて、そしてバルーン上で膨張された。おおよそデキサメタゾンコーティングの80% が、ステントからはげ落ちた。
【００３５】
実施例３
1%のデキサメタゾンと0.5%のポリカプロラクトン(poly(caprolactone)) (Aldrich18, 160-9)のアセトン溶液が調製された。溶液は、チューブ内に置かれた。ウルクタータイプのタンタル製ワイヤーステントが、素早く浸漬され、そして乾燥された。それぞれのステントが、白い表面コーティングを与えるために、12−15回溶液に浸漬された。このようにコートされたステントが、3.5mm の血管形成術のバルーン上で拡大され、大量のコーティングが分離した。
【００３６】
実施例４
1%のデキサメタゾンと0.5%のポリカプロラクトン(Aldrich18, 160-9)のアセトン溶液が調製された。溶液は、チューブ内に置かれた。ウルクタータイプのタンタル製ワイヤーステントが、素早く浸漬され、そして乾燥された。それぞれのステントが、白い表面コーティングを与えるために、12−15回溶液に浸漬された。このようにコートされたステントが、3.5mm の血管形成術のバルーンで拡大され、少量のコーティング（２５％以内）のみが分離した。
【００３７】
実施例５
2%のデキサメタゾンの分散と1%のポリ（Ｌ−ラクティックアシッド）(poly(L-lactic acid)) (CCA Biochem, MW=550,000) の溶液を含むクロロホルム溶液が調製された。溶液は、エアブラシ（Badger）内に置かれた。ウルクタータイプのタンタル製ワイヤーステントに、短い噴霧で溶液がかけられ、そして乾燥された。それぞれのステントに、白い表面コーティングを与えるために、約２０回溶液がかけられた。このようにコートされたステントが、3.5mm の血管形成術のバルーンで拡大された。コーティングは、方法を通じてステントに取り付けられたままであった。
【００３８】
実施例６
2%のデキサメタゾンの分散と1%のポリ（Ｌ−ラクティックアシッド）(CCA Biochem, MW=550,000) の溶液を含むクロロホルム溶液が調製された。溶液は、エアブラシ（Badger#250-2）内に置かれた。ウルクタータイプのタンタル製ワイヤーステントが、固定物に吊り下げられ、２４回の短い噴霧（ステントの軸に垂直な４方向から６回ずつ）で溶液がかけられ、そして乾燥された。得られたステントは、約0.0006−0.0015グラムのコーティング重量を有していた。３つのステントにつき、１のステントを3.0ml のリン酸塩で緩衝された食塩水（pH=7.4）中に、室温で撹拌せずに置き、長期の溶出試験を行った。溶出されたデキサメサゾンの量が、紫外−可視スペクトロメーター(UV-VIS spectrophotometer)で244nm の吸収を測定することによって評価された。このテストの結果を図１に示した。
【００３９】
実施例７
2%のデキサメタゾンの分散と1%のポリ（Ｌ−ラクティックアシッド）(Medisorb 100-L)の溶液を含むクロロホルム溶液が、1%のポリ（Ｌ−ラクティックアシッド）(Medisorb 100-L)の対照クロロホルム溶液と共に調製された。溶液は、エアブラシ（Badger #250-2 ）内に置かれた。ウルクタータイプのタンタル製ワイヤーステントが、3.0mm のバルーン上で拡大され、固定物に吊り下げられ、１６回の短い噴霧（１秒間に２、３回ずつで、数分間の乾燥時間をおいて複数回）で溶液がかけられた。得られたデキサメサゾンでコートされたステントは、約0.0012グラムの平均コーティング重量を有し、一方、ポリマーでコートされたステントは、約0.0004グラムの平均ポリマー重量を有していた。ステントは、エチレンオキサイド(ethylene oxide)で消毒された。３つの消毒されデキサメサゾンでコートされたステントにつき、１のステントを3.0ml のリン酸塩で緩衝された食塩水（pH=7.4）中に、室温で撹拌せずに置き、長期の溶出試験を行った。溶出されたデキサメサゾンの量が、紫外−可視スペクトロメーターで244nm の吸収を測定することによって評価された。このテストの結果を図２に示した。
【００４０】
デキサメサゾンでコートされたステントとポリマーでコートされた対照ステントは、Robert S. Schwartz, et al による「Restenosis After Balloon Angioplasty- A Practical Proliferative Model in Porcine Coronary Arteries」(Circulation 82 (6): 2190-2200, Dec. 1 990) 及びRobert S. Schwartz, et al による「Restenosis and the Proportional Neointimal Response to Coronary Artery Injury: Results in a Porcine Model 」(J, Am, Coil, Cardiol; 19; 267-74 Feb. 1992)に記載の方法により、８頭の豚（各々のタイプにおいてN=12である）の冠動脈に移植され、対照と比較して、デキサメサゾンでコートされたステントは動脈損傷に伴う増殖の量を低減するという結果を得た。
【００４１】
発明が特有の態様と具体例に関連して上記のように記述されたが、当業者であれば、発明がそのように限定される必要はなく、数々の他の態様、具体例、使用及び態様、具体例、使用からの発展が、発明の概念から離れることなく可能であるということは、理解されるであろう。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】図１は、実施例６によるデキサメタゾンとポリ（Ｌ−ラクティックアシッド）のコーティングを有する本発明のステントの溶出概要を示す図表である。
【図２】図２は、実施例７によるデキサメタゾンとポリ（Ｌ−ラクティックアシッド）のコーティングを有する本発明の消毒されたステントの溶出概要を示す図表である。

Claims (21)

  1. 以下に挙げるステップを含んでいることを特徴とする血管内ステントを製造する方法：
    （ａ）円筒形のステント本体を与える；
    （ｂ）溶媒と、該溶媒に溶解されたポリマーと、該溶媒に分散された治療のための物質を含む溶液を上記ステント本体に適用する；
    （ｃ）上記溶媒を蒸発させる；
    （ｄ）上記ステップ（ｂ）、（ｃ）を繰り返し適用して複数の層を形成する；
    （ｅ）上記治療のための物質の放出率を可変制御するために、上記複数の層中の上記ポリマーに対する上記薬剤の割合を変える。
  2. 上記ステント本体が金属表面を有している請求項１に記載の方法。
  3. 上記ステント本体が高分子表面を有している請求項１に記載の方法。
  4. 上記溶液が噴霧によって適用される請求項１に記載の方法。
  5. 上記溶液が浸漬によって適用される請求項１に記載の方法。
  6. 上記ポリマーが生体吸収性のポリマーである請求項１に記載の方法。
  7. 上記ポリマーが、ポリ（Ｌ−ラクティックアシッド）、ポリ（ラクタイド−コ−グリコライド）及びポリ（ハイドロキシブチレート−コ−バリレート）よりなる群から選択されたものである請求項１に記載の方法。
  8. 上記ポリマーが生体安定性のポリマーである請求項１に記載の方法。
  9. 上記ポリマーが、シリコン、ポリウレタン、ポリエステル、ビニルホモポリマー及びコポリマー、アクリレートホモポリマー及びコポリマー、ポリエーテル及びセルロース誘導体よりなる群から選択されたものである請求項８に記載の方法。
  10. 上記薬剤が、グルココルチコイド、デキサメサゾン、デキサメサゾンソジウムフォスフェート、抗凝固剤、ヘパリン、ヒルジン、ダニ抗凝固性たんぱく質、アンジオペプチン、抗有糸分裂剤及びオリゴヌクレオチドよりなる群から選択されたものである請求項１に記載の方法。
  11. 以下に挙げるステップを含んでいることを特徴とする血管内ステントを製造する方法：
    （ａ）円筒形で放射状に拡大させ得るステント本体を与える；
    （ｂ）溶媒と、該溶媒に溶解されたポリマーと、該溶媒に分散された治療のための物質を含む溶液を上記ステント本体に適用する；
    （ｃ）上記溶媒を蒸発させる；
    （ｄ）上記ステップ（ｂ）、（ｃ）を繰り返し適用して複数の層を形成する；
    （ｅ）上記治療のための物質の放出率を可変制御するために、上記複数の層中の上記ポリマーに対する上記薬剤の割合を変える。
  12. 上記ステント本体が金属表面を有している請求項１に記載の方法。
  13. 上記ステント本体が高分子表面を有している請求項１に記載の方法。
  14. 上記溶液が噴霧によって適用される請求項１１に記載の方法。
  15. 上記溶液が浸漬によって適用される請求項１１に記載の方法。
  16. 上記ポリマーが生体吸収性のポリマーである請求項１１に記載の方法。
  17. 上記ポリマーが、ポリ（Ｌ−ラクティックアシッド）、ポリ（ラクタイド−コ−グリコライド）、フィブリン、シリコン、ポリウレタン及びポリ（フォスフォエステルウレタン）よりなる群から選択されたものである請求項１１に記載の方法。
  18. 上記ポリマーが生体安定性のポリマーである請求項１１に記載の方法。
  19. 上記ポリマーが、シリコン、ポリウレタン、ポリエステル、ビニルホモポリマー及びコポリマー、アクリレートホモポリマー及びコポリマー、ポリエーテル及びセルロース誘導体よりなる群から選択されたものである請求項１８に記載の方法。
  20. 上記薬剤が、グルココルチコイド、デキサメサゾン、デキサメサゾンソジウムフォスフェート、抗凝固剤、ヘパリン、ヒルジン、ダニ抗凝固性たんぱく質、アンジオペプチン、抗有糸分裂剤及びオリゴヌクレオチドよりなる群から選択されたものである請求項１１に記載の方法。
  21. 請求項１ないし２０のいずれかに記載の方法で製造されたステント。
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DE69431457T3 (de) 2011-09-01
US5464650A (en) 1995-11-07
DE9422438U1 (de) 2002-04-25
EP1181943A1 (en) 2002-02-27
US5837008A (en) 1998-11-17
US5624411A (en) 1997-04-29
US5679400A (en) 1997-10-21
JP3963020B2 (ja) 2007-08-22
EP0623354B1 (en) 2002-10-02
US5776184A (en) 1998-07-07
EP0623354A1 (en) 1994-11-09
DE69431457T2 (de) 2003-06-26
DE69431457D1 (de) 2002-11-07

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