JP4064183B2

JP4064183B2 - Water supply equipment

Info

Publication number: JP4064183B2
Application number: JP2002248773A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 健一松本
Original assignee: Sanki Engineering Co Ltd
Current assignee: Sanki Engineering Co Ltd
Priority date: 2002-08-28
Filing date: 2002-08-28
Publication date: 2008-03-19
Anticipated expiration: 2022-08-28
Also published as: JP2004084371A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は給水設備に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
超高層のような建物で給水を行う場合、給水系統を１系統とすると下層階においては給水主管内の給水圧力が過大となる。このため、給水系統に設けられたフラッシュ弁等のバルブの急開時や急閉止時にウォータハンマが生じて騒音や振動が生じたり、水栓・器具等の使用に支障を来たしたり、水栓や弁等の部品の摩耗が激しくなり寿命が短くなったりする。このため、給水圧力が所定の値よりも高くなる場合には、例えば下層階に対しては減圧弁等の設置によって給水圧力を調整する必要がある。
【０００３】
図５〜図７に示す給水設備は給水系統が１系統で、減圧弁により給水圧力を押えるようにしたゾーニングの例を示している。図５は主管減圧方式を示し、図中、ａは受水槽、ｂは受水槽ａの上方に設置された高置水槽、ｃは受水槽ａの水を高置水槽ｂに揚水するための揚水管、ｄは揚水管ｃに設けられた揚水ポンプ、ｅは高置水槽ｂの底面に接続された給水主管、ｆは給水主管ｅの立て方向へ所定の間隔で、建物の階層に対応して接続された複数の給水管、ｇは給水主管ｅの中途部所定位置に接続された減圧弁である。給水管ｆには、図示してないが給水用のバルブとしてフラッシュ弁等のバルブが接続されている。
【０００４】
高置水槽ｂから給水を行う場合には、受水槽ａに受水されている水は、予め揚水ポンプｄにより揚水管ｃを介し高置水槽ｂに貯留されている。
【０００５】
例えば、減圧弁ｇよりも上方の所定の給水管ｆに接続されたフラッシュ弁等のバルブを開くと、水は当該バルブから流出して減圧弁ｇの位置よりも上層階において給水が行われる。
【０００６】
減圧弁ｇよりも下方の所定の給水管ｆに接続されたフラッシュ弁等のバルブを開いた場合も、水は当該バルブから流出して減圧弁ｇの位置よりも下層階において給水が開始される。又、この場合、減圧弁ｇは二次側の水圧が設定圧力になるよう予めばね力を調整されているため、減圧弁ｇよりも下方の所定の給水管ｆに接続されたフラッシュ弁等のバルブを開き給水を開始すると、給水主管ｅ内の減圧弁ｇよりも上方の部分（一次側）の水は減圧弁ｇにより所定の圧力に減圧されて減圧弁ｇ下方（二次側）の給水主管ｅ内に流下し、所定の給水管ｆを経てフラッシュ弁等のバルブから給水が行われる。
【０００７】
図６は各階減圧方式を示し、図中、図５に示す物と同一の物には同一の符号が付してある。而して、各階減圧方式では減圧弁ｇは給水主管ｅには設けず、所定階よりも下層階の各給水管ｆに設けられている。
【０００８】
図６において、減圧弁ｇが設けられていない給水管ｆから給水を行う際の状態は、図５の主管減圧方式の減圧弁ｇよりも上方の給水管ｆから給水を行う場合と同様である。
【０００９】
又、減圧弁ｇが設けられた給水管ｆに接続されたフラッシュ弁等のバルブを開いた場合は、水は当該バルブから流出して給水が開始される。減圧弁ｇは二次側の水圧が設定圧力になるよう予めばね力を調整されているため、減圧弁ｇの設けられている所定の給水管ｆに接続されたフラッシュ弁等のバルブを開き給水を開始すると、減圧弁ｇよりも上流（一次側）の水は減圧弁ｇにより所定の圧力に減圧されて減圧弁ｇ下流（二次側）の給水管ｆに流入し、フラッシュ弁等のバルブから給水が行われる。
【００１０】
図７はグループ高圧方式を示し、図中、図５、図６に示す物と同一の物には同一の符号が付してある。而して、グループ高圧方式では、所定階よりも下層階の全ての給水管ｆに減圧弁ｇを設けるのではなく、所定階よりも下層階においては複数の階層毎に１本の給水管ｆを設け、給水管ｆを各階層に対応し分岐させて複数の給水管ｆ’（図示例では３本）を設け、給水管ｆに減圧弁ｇを設けている。
【００１１】
図７において、減圧弁ｇの設けられていない給水管ｆから給水を行う際の状態は、図６の各階減圧方式の場合と同様である。
【００１２】
又、減圧弁ｇが設けられた給水管ｆに接続された給水管ｆ’のフラッシュ弁等のバルブを開いた場合は、水は当該バルブから流出して給水が開始される。減圧弁ｇは二次側の水圧が設定圧力になるよう予めばね力が調整されているため、減圧弁ｇが設けられている給水管ｆでフラッシュ弁等のバルブを開き給水を開始すると、減圧弁ｇよりも上流（一次側）の水は減圧弁ｇにより所定の圧力に減圧されて減圧弁ｇ下流（二次側）の給水管ｆ，ｆ’に流入し、フラッシュ弁等のバルブから給水が行われる。
【００１３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
図５に示すように給水主管ｅに減圧弁ｇを設けた給水設備の場合、減圧弁ｇよりも上流側において給水主管ｅに接続された給水管ｆのフラッシュ弁等のバルブを急開しても、減圧弁ｇよりも上部における給水主管ｅ内においては水柱分離現象は生じない。このため当該バルブの急開により減圧弁ｇよりも上部における給水主管ｅ内においてはウォータハンマが発生する虞はない。
【００１４】
又、図６、図７に示すように給水管ｆに減圧弁ｇを設けた給水設備の場合は、フラッシュ弁等のバルブを急開しても給水主管ｅ内においては水柱分離現象は生じず、従って、フラッシュ弁等のバルブの急開により給水主管ｅ内においてはウォータハンマが発生する虞はない。
【００１５】
しかしながら、図５に示すように給水主管ｅに減圧弁ｇを設けた給水設備の場合、減圧弁ｇの設けられている位置よりも下層階でフラッシュ弁等のバルブを急開することにより、減圧弁ｇ下方（二次側）の水が急激に給水されると、減圧弁ｇの構造上の特性のため減圧弁ｇが開いて一次側から二次側に水が流入するまでにタイムラグが発生する。
【００１６】
従って、減圧弁ｇの二次側（図５では減圧弁ｇの下側）においては給水主管ｅ内に水柱分離現象が生じて空間ができ、この空間部は負圧となる。そのため、減圧弁ｇが開き水が減圧弁ｇを通り供給されると、空間部上方の水が急激に空間部に落下し、その結果、水は給水主管ｅに対し激しくぶつかりウォータハンマが発生する虞がある。
【００１７】
又、図６に示すように給水管ｆに減圧弁ｇを設けた給水設備の場合は、給水主管ｅ内においてはウォータハンマは発生しないが、各減圧弁ｇからフラッシュ弁等のバルブまでの給水管ｆの距離が長いと、減圧弁ｇの二次側で給水管ｆに水柱分離現象により真空の空間が生じることがあり、しかも、減圧弁ｇが開いて一次側から二次側に流入するまでタイムラグが発生するため、フラッシュ弁等のバルブの急開により水が減圧弁ｇを通り供給されると、給水主管ｅ内の水が前記空間に激しく流入して給水管ｆに対し激しくぶつかり、ウォータハンマが発生する虞がある。
【００１８】
更に、図７に示すように給水管ｆに減圧弁ｇを設けた給水系統の場合も、給水主管ｅ内においてはウォータハンマは発生しないが、各減圧弁ｇの二次側において、図６の場合と同様、減圧弁ｇからフラッシュ弁等のバルブまでの給水管ｆ，ｆ’の距離が長いと、減圧弁ｇの二次側で給水管ｆ，ｆ’に水柱分離現象が生じることがあり、その結果、フラッシュ弁等のバルブの急開により水が減圧弁ｇを通り供給されると、給水主管ｅ内の水が前記空間に激しく流入して給水管ｆに対し激しくぶつかり、ウォータハンマが発生する虞がある。
【００１９】
又、図５〜図７の給水設備においては、フラッシュ弁等のバルブを急閉止した場合には、給水主管ｅ及び給水管ｆ内にウォータハンマが発生する虞がある。このフラッシュ弁等のバルブの急閉止時のウォータハンマは、市販のウォータハンマ防止装置を給水管ｆ或はｆ’に設けたフラッシュ弁等のバルブの近傍に設けることで防止できるが減圧弁ｇを通過した圧力波（ウォータハンマ）は防止することができない。又、フラッシュ弁等のバルブの近傍に設けたウォータハンマ防止装置では、フラッシュ弁等のバルブの急開時における減圧弁ｇ二次側の水栓分離現象によるウォータハンマを防止することはできない。
【００２０】
本発明は、上述の実情に鑑み、フラッシュ弁等のバルブの急開時或は急閉止時の何れの場合にもウォータハンマが発生しないようにした給水設備を提供することを目的としてなしたものである。
【００２１】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項１の給水設備は、水槽からの水が流下する立て向きの給水主管と、該給水主管に立て方向へ所定の間隔で接続され且つ給水用の弁が設けられた複数の給水管と、該複数の給水管のうち、所定の給水管と該給水管の直上部若しくは直下部に配置された他の給水管との間に位置するよう前記給水主管に設けられた減圧弁と、該減圧弁を挟んで対向配置されると共に、前記所定の給水管と該給水管の前記直上部若しくは前記直下部に配置された他の給水管との間に位置するよう、前記給水主管に設けられた衝撃吸収手段とを備えたものである。
【００２２】
請求項２の給水設備は、前記減圧弁及び前記衝撃吸収手段の組合せを複数組としたものである。
【００２３】
請求項３の給水設備は、前記水槽と前記給水主管の上端部とを横引き管により接続すると共に、前記給水主管の頂部に吸排気弁を設けたものである。
【００２４】
本発明の給水設備においては、給水用の弁を開いての給水時に、減圧弁の二次側には衝撃吸収手段に蓄圧されていた水が供給されるため、二次側において、給水主管内に水柱分離現象が生じず、従って給水用の弁を急開した際にウォータハンマが発生することを防止することができる。
【００２５】
又、給水用の弁を急閉止した場合は、減圧弁の前後に設けた衝撃吸収手段により水の衝撃が吸収され、ウォータハンマが発生することを防止することができる。
【００２６】
更に、横引き管が長いため、給水時に給水用の弁を開いて給水を行った際に、給水主管の上部に水柱分離現象が生じて真空の空間が形成された場合には、吸排気弁が開いて前記空間部には大気が導入される。このため、横引き管に接続された水槽内の水が急激に前記空間部に流入することはなく、従ってウォータハンマが発生することを防止することができる。
【００２７】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図示例と共に説明する。
図１及び図２は給水設備を実施する形態の一例で、立て向きの給水主管に複数の減圧弁を設けた減圧弁直列方式の場合を示している。斯かる減圧弁直列方式は高層ビルに適している。図中、１は受水槽、２は受水槽１の上方に設置された高置水槽、３は受水槽１の水を高置水槽２に揚水するための揚水管、４は揚水管３に設けられた揚水ポンプ、５は高置水槽２の底面に接続された横引き管、６は立て向きに敷設した給水主管であり、横引き管５の一端は給水主管６の上端近傍に接続されている。
【００２８】
７は給水主管６の立て方向へ所定の間隔で、建物の階層に対応して接続された複数の給水管であり、給水管７には、図示してないが給水のためにフラッシュ弁等のバルブが接続されている。８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃは所定の上下２本の給水管７の間に位置するよう、給水主管６の中途部に接続された複数の減圧弁、９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃ，１０ａ，１０ｂ，１０ｃは減圧弁８を挟んで対向するよう、所定の上下２本の給水管７の間において給水主管６に接続されたショックアブソーバである。
【００２９】
減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃは図５〜図７の減圧弁ｇと同一構造で従来周知のものであり、二次側の水圧が設定圧力になるよう予めばね力が調整されている。
【００３０】
又、ショックアブソーバ９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃ，１０ａ，１０ｂ，１０ｃも従来周知の構造のもので、例えばケーシング内部に収納したゴム袋内にプレチャージ空気が封入されたエアバッグ型等がある。ケーシング内部には、給水主管６からの水を蓄え得るようになっており、且つ、ケーシングからは蓄えられた水を封入されたガスの圧力により給水主管６内に導入し得るようになっている。
【００３１】
而して、給水時におけるフラッシュ弁等のバルブの急開時には、減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃに作動遅れがあり、減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃの二次側に水柱分離現象による負圧の空間が生じようとしても、ショックアブソーバ１０ａ，１０ｂ，１０ｃに蓄えられていた水を二次側に導入することにより、減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃの二次側における給水主管６内に水柱分離現象が生じるのを防止し、ウォータハンマが発生しないようになっている。
【００３２】
又、フラッシュ弁等のバルブの急閉止時には、そのときに生じる水の衝撃圧力をショックアブソーバ１０ａ，１０ｂ，１０ｃに吸収すると共に、減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃが閉止するまでに作動遅れがあり、そのときに生じる水の衝撃圧力が減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃを二次側から一次側に流通した場合に、この流通した水の衝撃圧力をショックアブソーバ９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃにより吸収し、ウォータハンマを防止し得るようになっている。
【００３３】
更に、減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃが開き、給水主管６の減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃよりも上方の部分を水が流下する場合には、ショックアブソーバ９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃに蓄えられていた水は、給水主管６に導入されるようになっている。
【００３４】
１１は給水主管６の頂部に接続された給排気弁であり、横引き管５が長い場合に給水管７に接続されたフラッシュ弁等のバルブが開いた際に、給水主管６の上部に水柱分離現象が生じることを防いで、高置水槽２からの水が給水主管６内に激しく流下するのを防止し、ウォータハンマが発生するのを防止し得るようになっている。
【００３５】
給排気弁１１の詳細は図３、図４に示されている。図中、１２は内部が中空のケーシングであり、ケーシング１２は下端に給水主管６の頂部に対する接続用口１２ａを備えており、上端部は開放されている。
【００３６】
ケーシング１２内にはコイルばね１３が収納され、コイルばね１３の上端には、ケーシング１２内の上端部に収納されるようにした円板状のばね受け１４が支持されている。ばね受け１４の外周には、円周方向へ所定の間隔で、ケーシング１２の内周壁に案内されるようにした突出部１４ａが形成されている。而して、ばね受け１４の外周面及び隣合う突出部１４ａ並びにケーシング１２の内周壁面に包囲された空間により、給気用の空隙１５が形成されている。
【００３７】
ばね受け１４の上面には円形の凹部１４ｂが形成され、凹部１４ｂには、ばね受け１４の径方向外方へ向け延在する凹溝１４ｃが連通されている。又、ばね受け１４には上下に貫通する排気孔１４ｄが穿設され、排気孔１４ｄは凹溝１４ｃに対し開口している。
【００３８】
ケーシング１２の上端には、ばね受け１４の上面を押え得るよう、上下に貫通する中空筒状の蓋１６が螺合されており、蓋１６には、９０度エルボ状のキャップ１７が外嵌されている。
【００３９】
ケーシング１２内には、フロート弁１８が収納され、フロート弁１８は、排気孔１４ｄよりも僅かにばね受け１４の径方向外方に位置してケーシング１２内へ延在するようばね受け１４に固設したガイド１９によってガイドされるようになっている。なお、図中、２０はばね受け１４の上面に当接し得るよう蓋１６のばね受け１４に対する対向面に設けたＯリングである。
【００４０】
次に、上記図示例の作動を説明する。
高置水槽２から給水を行う場合には、受水槽１に受水されている水は、予め揚水ポンプ４により揚水管３を介し高置水槽２に貯留されている。
【００４１】
例えば、給水主管６における最上部の減圧弁８ａよりも上部に接続された所定の給水管７に設けたフラッシュ弁等のバルブを開くと、水は当該バルブから流出して減圧弁８ａの位置よりも上の所定の階層で給水が行われる。当該バルブを閉止すると給水は停止される。
【００４２】
給水主管６の減圧弁８ａ，８ｂとの間の部分に接続された所定の給水管７に設けたフラッシュ弁等のバルブを開くと、先ず減圧弁８ａの二次側において、水は給水主管６、給水管７を経て当該フラッシュ弁等のバルブから流出し、減圧弁８ａ，８ｂの間の所定の階層で給水が開始され、次いで一次側と二次側の圧力差により減圧弁８ａが開いて減圧弁８ａ上方の給水主管６内の水は減圧弁８ａの一次側から二次側に流下する。
【００４３】
而して、減圧弁８ａの二次側に流下した所定の圧力の水は給水主管６、所定の給水管７を経てフラッシュ弁等のバルブから流出し、減圧弁８ａ，８ｂの間の所定の階層で給水が行われる。又、当該バルブを閉止すると、減圧弁８ａは閉止して給水は停止される。
【００４４】
給水主管６の減圧弁８ｂ，８ｃとの間の部分に接続された所定の給水管７に設けたフラッシュ弁等のバルブを開くと、先ず減圧弁８ｂの二次側において、水は給水主管６、所定の給水管７を経て当該フラッシュ弁等のバルブから流出し、給水が開始され、次いで一次側と二次側の圧力差により減圧弁８ｂが開いて減圧弁８ｂよりも上方の給水主管６内の水は減圧弁８ｂの一次側から二次側に流下し、続いて一次側と二次側の圧力差により減圧弁８ａが開いて減圧弁８ａ上方の給水主管６内の水は減圧弁８ａの一次側から二次側に流下し、更に減圧弁８ｂを一次側から二次側に流下する。
【００４５】
而して、減圧弁８ｂの二次側へ流下した所定の圧力の水は、所定の給水管７を経てフラッシュ弁等のバルブから流出し、減圧弁８ｂ，８ｃの間の所定の階層で給水が行われる。又当該バルブを閉止すると、減圧弁８ｂ，８ａは順次閉止して給水は停止される。
【００４６】
給水主管６の減圧弁８ｃよりも下方の部分に接続された所定の給水管７に設けたフラッシュ弁等のバルブを開くと、先ず減圧弁８ｃの二次側において、水は給水主管６、所定の給水管７を経て当該フラッシュ弁等のバルブから流出し、給水が開始され、次いで一次側と二次側の圧力差により減圧弁８ｃが開いて減圧弁８ｃよりも上方の給水主管６内の水は減圧弁８ｃの一次側から二次側に流下し、続いて一次側と二次側の圧力差により減圧弁８ｂが開いて減圧弁８ｂ上方の給水主管６内の水は減圧弁８ｂの一次側から二次側に流下し、次いで減圧弁８ｃの一次側から二次側に流下し、更に、一次側と二次側の圧力差により減圧弁８ａが開いて減圧弁８ａ上方の給水主管６内の水は減圧弁８ａの一次側から二次側に流下し、次いで減圧弁８ｂの一次側から二次側に流下し、続いて減圧弁８ｃの一次側から二次側に流下する。
【００４７】
而して減圧弁８ｃの二次側へ流下した所定の圧力の水は、所定の給水管７を経て当該フラッシュ弁等のバルブから流出し、減圧弁８ｃよりも下方の所定の階層で給水が行われる。又、当該バルブを閉止すると、減圧弁８ｃ，８ｂ，８ａは順次閉止して給水は停止される。
【００４８】
図１の図示例においては、フラッシュ弁等のバルブを開くことにより、減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃの二次側（図１では減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃの下側）において急激に下流へ給水が行われると、減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃが開いて水が流通するまでタイムラグが発生するため、減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃの二次側において給水主管６内に真空の空間が形成される水柱分離現象が生じようとすることがある。
【００４９】
しかるに、本図示例では、減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃの二次側にショックアブソーバ１０ａ，１０ｂ，１０ｃが設けられており、ショックアブソーバ１０ａ，１０ｂ，１０ｃには水が蓄圧状態で蓄えられているため、減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃの二次側の水がフラッシュ弁等のバルブから急激に給水されても、ショックアブソーバ１０ａ，１０ｂ，１０ｃに蓄えられていた水が減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃの二次側に導入され、その結果、減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃの二次側に水柱分離現象が生じることはない。
【００５０】
なお、減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃが開いた後は、ショックアブソーバ９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃに蓄圧されている水も給水主管６へ導入される。
【００５１】
上述のように、減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃの二次側には水柱分離現象が生じることがないため、フラッシュ弁等のバルブを急開した際に水が高置水槽２内から給水主管６内を経て減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃ側に激しく流下することはない。従って、給水主管６内の水が給水主管６に激しくぶつかることはなく、ウォータハンマが発生することはない。
【００５２】
フラッシュ弁等のバルブが急閉止された際には減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃの二次側においては、水の衝撃圧力はショックアブソーバ１０ａ，１０ｂ，１０ｃに蓄えられる。又、減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃが閉止するのにタイムラグが発生するため、水の一部は減圧弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃの二次側から一次側に漏出するが、この水の衝撃圧力はショックアブソーバ９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃに蓄えられる。従って、フラッシュ弁等のバルブの急閉時にもウォータハンマが発生することはない。
【００５３】
又、横引き管５が長いと、フラッシュ弁等のバルブが開かれて高置水槽２から給水が行われる際に、横引き管５内での水の流速と給水主管６内の水の流速の差により給水主管６内上部に水柱分離現象が生じ、負圧の空間が形成されることがある。而して、この場合には、図３に示すばね受け１４が、コイルばね１３の抗力に打ち勝ち、外気と負圧の圧力差で下降し（この場合フロート弁１８もばね受け１４に接触した状態で押されて下降する）、蓋１６のＯリング２０取り付け面とばね受け１４との間には隙間ができる。
【００５４】
このため、大気は、キャップ１７、蓋１６の中空部、蓋１６のＯリング２０取り付け面とばね受け１４との間に形成された隙間、空隙１５を経てケーシング１２内に流入し、水柱分離現象の生じた空間部に導入されて負圧が解消される。従って、フラッシュ弁等のバルブが閉止された場合でも、高置水槽２内の水は急激に横引き管５を経て給水主管６上部の空気の閉じ込められた空間部に流入することはなく、ゆっくりと流入することになる。このため、横引き管５や給水主管６にウォータハンマが生じることを防止することができる。
【００５５】
給水主管６の上部及び給排気弁１１のケーシング１２内に空気が流入すると、フロート弁１８には水による浮力が作用しない状態となる。このため、フロート弁１８は、重力により図３の仮想線に示すようにガイド１９の上端を支点として傾き、ばね受け１４下面と、フロート弁１８上面との間に隙間が形成されて排気孔１４ｄの下端が開口される。従って、給水主管６上部に閉じ込められた空気は、高置水槽２から除々に流入する水に押され、ケーシング１２内空間、排気孔１４ｄを経て蓋１６の中空部に排出され、蓋１６からキャップ１７を経て外部へ排出される。
【００５６】
給水主管６上部及びケーシング１２内に高置水槽２からの水が充水されると、フロート弁１８は浮力により傾斜状態を解除されて図３の実線状態に戻る。従って、フロート弁１８の上面により排気孔１４ｄは閉止され、給水主管６からの空気抜きは終了する。
【００５７】
なお、本発明の給水設備は、上述の図示例にのみ限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々変更を加え得ることは勿論である。
【００５８】
【発明の効果】
以上、説明したように本発明の請求項１〜３記載の給水設備によれば、給水系統にウォータハンマが発生するを防止することができ、従って、騒音や振動を防止することができ、且つ水栓・器具等の使用に支障を来たすことがなく、しかも水栓や弁等の部品が摩耗せず、部品の寿命が長期化するという優れた効果を奏し得る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の給水設備の実施の形態の一例の概要を示す側面図である。
【図２】図１の減圧弁及びショックアブソーバの部分の拡大図である。
【図３】図１に示す吸排気弁の詳細図である。
【図４】図３に示す吸排気弁のばね受けの部分の平面図である。
【図５】従来の給水設備の一例の概要を示す側面図である。
【図６】従来の給水設備の他の例の概要を示す側面図である。
【図７】従来の給水設備の更に他の例の概要を示す側面図である。
【符号の説明】
２高置水槽（水槽）
５横引き管
６給水主管
７給水管
８ａ減圧弁
８ｂ減圧弁
８ｃ減圧弁
９ａショックアブソーバ（衝撃吸収手段）
９ｂショックアブソーバ（衝撃吸収手段）
９ｃショックアブソーバ（衝撃吸収手段）
１０ａショックアブソーバ（衝撃吸収手段）
１０ｂショックアブソーバ（衝撃吸収手段）
１０ｃショックアブソーバ（衝撃吸収手段）
１１吸排気弁[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a water supply facility.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When water is supplied in a building such as a super high-rise building, if the water supply system is one system, the water supply pressure in the water supply main pipe is excessive on the lower floor. For this reason, when a valve such as a flush valve provided in the water supply system is suddenly opened or closed, a water hammer may occur, causing noise or vibration, impeding the use of a faucet or instrument, Wear of parts such as valves will become severe, and the service life will be shortened. For this reason, when the feed water pressure becomes higher than a predetermined value, it is necessary to adjust the feed water pressure by installing a pressure reducing valve or the like for the lower floor, for example.
[0003]
The water supply equipment shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 shows an example of zoning in which there is one water supply system and the pressure of the water supply is suppressed by a pressure reducing valve. FIG. 5 shows a main pipe depressurization method, in which a is a water receiving tank, b is a high water tank installed above the water receiving tank a, and c is a pump for pumping water from the water receiving tank a to the high water tank b. The pipe, d is a pumping pump provided in the pumping pipe c, e is a water supply main pipe connected to the bottom surface of the elevated water tank b, f is a predetermined interval in the standing direction of the water supply main pipe e, and corresponds to the building hierarchy A plurality of connected water supply pipes and g are pressure reducing valves connected to predetermined positions in the middle of the water supply main pipe e. Although not shown, a valve such as a flush valve is connected to the water supply pipe f as a water supply valve.
[0004]
When water is supplied from the elevated water tank b, the water received in the water receiving tank a is stored in advance in the elevated water tank b through the pumping pipe c by the pumping pump d.
[0005]
For example, when a valve such as a flush valve connected to a predetermined water supply pipe f above the pressure reducing valve g is opened, water flows out of the valve and water is supplied on a higher floor than the position of the pressure reducing valve g.
[0006]
Even when a valve such as a flush valve connected to a predetermined water supply pipe f below the pressure reducing valve g is opened, water flows out of the valve and water supply is started at a lower floor than the position of the pressure reducing valve g. . Further, in this case, since the spring force of the pressure reducing valve g is adjusted in advance so that the water pressure on the secondary side becomes the set pressure, a flush valve or the like connected to a predetermined water supply pipe f below the pressure reducing valve g is used. When the valve is opened and water supply is started, the water in the portion (primary side) above the pressure reducing valve g in the water supply main pipe e is reduced to a predetermined pressure by the pressure reducing valve g, and the water supplied below the pressure reducing valve g (secondary side) The water flows down into the main pipe e, and water is supplied from a valve such as a flush valve through a predetermined water supply pipe f.
[0007]
FIG. 6 shows each floor decompression system. In the figure, the same components as those shown in FIG. Thus, in each floor pressure reducing system, the pressure reducing valve g is not provided in the water supply main pipe e, but is provided in each water supply pipe f on a lower floor than the predetermined floor.
[0008]
In FIG. 6, the state in which water is supplied from the water supply pipe f not provided with the pressure reducing valve g is the same as the case where water is supplied from the water supply pipe f above the pressure reducing valve g of the main pipe pressure reducing system in FIG. .
[0009]
When a valve such as a flush valve connected to a water supply pipe f provided with a pressure reducing valve g is opened, water flows out of the valve and water supply is started. Since the spring pressure of the pressure reducing valve g is adjusted in advance so that the water pressure on the secondary side becomes the set pressure, a valve such as a flash valve connected to a predetermined water supply pipe f provided with the pressure reducing valve g is opened to supply water. Is started, the water upstream (primary side) of the pressure reducing valve g is reduced to a predetermined pressure by the pressure reducing valve g and flows into the water supply pipe f downstream (secondary side) of the pressure reducing valve g. Water is supplied from.
[0010]
FIG. 7 shows a group high pressure system, in which the same components as those shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 are given the same reference numerals. Thus, in the group high-pressure system, not all the water supply pipes f below the predetermined floor are provided with the pressure reducing valves g, but one water pipe f for each of the plurality of floors below the predetermined floor. A plurality of water supply pipes f ′ (three in the illustrated example) are provided by branching the water supply pipes f corresponding to the respective levels, and the pressure reducing valve g is provided in the water supply pipe f.
[0011]
In FIG. 7, the state at the time of water supply from the water supply pipe f in which the pressure reducing valve g is not provided is the same as the case of each floor pressure reducing system in FIG.
[0012]
When a valve such as a flush valve of the water supply pipe f ′ connected to the water supply pipe f provided with the pressure reducing valve g is opened, water flows out of the valve and water supply is started. Since the spring force of the pressure reducing valve g is adjusted in advance so that the water pressure on the secondary side becomes the set pressure, when the water supply pipe f provided with the pressure reducing valve g opens a valve such as a flush valve, Water upstream from the valve g (primary side) is depressurized to a predetermined pressure by the pressure reducing valve g, flows into the water supply pipes f and f ′ downstream (secondary side) of the pressure reducing valve g, and is supplied from a valve such as a flush valve. Is done.
[0013]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As shown in FIG. 5, in the case of a water supply facility in which a pressure reducing valve g is provided in a water supply main pipe e, a valve such as a flush valve of the water supply pipe f connected to the water supply main pipe e is opened upstream from the pressure reducing valve g. However, the water column separation phenomenon does not occur in the water supply main pipe e above the pressure reducing valve g. For this reason, there is no possibility that water hammer occurs in the water supply main pipe e above the pressure reducing valve g due to the sudden opening of the valve.
[0014]
6 and 7, in the case of a water supply facility provided with a pressure reducing valve g in the water supply pipe f, the water column separation phenomenon does not occur in the water supply main pipe e even if the valve such as the flush valve is opened rapidly. Therefore, there is no possibility that water hammer occurs in the water supply main pipe e due to the rapid opening of a valve such as a flush valve.
[0015]
However, in the case of a water supply facility in which a pressure reducing valve g is provided in the water supply main pipe e as shown in FIG. When water below the valve g (secondary side) is suddenly supplied, due to the structural characteristics of the pressure reducing valve g, a time lag occurs until the pressure reducing valve g opens and water flows from the primary side to the secondary side. To do.
[0016]
Therefore, on the secondary side of the pressure reducing valve g (below the pressure reducing valve g in FIG. 5), a water column separation phenomenon occurs in the water supply main pipe e to create a space, and this space portion has a negative pressure. Therefore, when the pressure reducing valve g is opened and water is supplied through the pressure reducing valve g, the water above the space portion suddenly falls into the space portion, and as a result, the water collides violently with the water supply main pipe e and water hammer is generated. There is a fear.
[0017]
Further, in the case of a water supply facility provided with a pressure reducing valve g in the water supply pipe f as shown in FIG. 6, water hammer does not occur in the water supply main pipe e, but water is supplied from each pressure reducing valve g to a valve such as a flash valve. If the distance of the pipe f is long, a vacuum space may occur in the water supply pipe f due to the water column separation phenomenon on the secondary side of the pressure reducing valve g, and the pressure reducing valve g opens to flow from the primary side to the secondary side. Therefore, when water is supplied through the pressure reducing valve g by sudden opening of a valve such as a flush valve, the water in the water supply main pipe e flows into the space vigorously and collides with the water supply pipe f. There is a risk of water hammer.
[0018]
Further, in the case of a water supply system in which a pressure reducing valve g is provided in the water supply pipe f as shown in FIG. 7, no water hammer is generated in the water supply main pipe e, but on the secondary side of each pressure reducing valve g, FIG. Similarly to the case, if the distance between the water supply pipes f and f ′ from the pressure reducing valve g to the valve such as the flush valve is long, a water column separation phenomenon may occur in the water supply pipes f and f ′ on the secondary side of the pressure reducing valve g. As a result, when water is supplied through the pressure reducing valve g due to sudden opening of a valve such as a flush valve, water in the water supply main pipe e flows into the space violently and collides with the water supply pipe f. May occur.
[0019]
Also, in the water supply equipment of FIGS. 5 to 7, when a valve such as a flush valve is suddenly closed, there is a risk that water hammer will occur in the water supply main pipe e and the water supply pipe f. The water hammer at the time of sudden closing of the valve such as the flush valve can be prevented by providing a commercially available water hammer prevention device in the vicinity of the flush valve or the like provided in the water supply pipe f or f ′. The passing pressure wave (water hammer) cannot be prevented. In addition, a water hammer prevention device provided in the vicinity of a valve such as a flush valve cannot prevent a water hammer due to a water faucet separation phenomenon on the secondary side of the pressure reducing valve g when the valve such as a flush valve is suddenly opened.
[0020]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and has an object to provide a water supply facility in which water hammer is not generated when a valve such as a flash valve is suddenly opened or closed. It is.
[0021]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The water supply facility according to claim 1 is a vertical water supply pipe through which water from the water tank flows down, and a plurality of water supply pipes connected to the water supply main pipe at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction and provided with water supply valves . A pressure reducing valve provided in the water supply main pipe so as to be positioned between a predetermined water supply pipe and another water supply pipe disposed immediately above or directly below the water supply pipe among the plurality of water supply pipes; The water supply main pipe is disposed so as to face the valve, and is located between the predetermined water supply pipe and another water supply pipe arranged directly above or below the water supply pipe . And an impact absorbing means.
[0022]
Water supply according to claim 2 is obtained by the combination of the pressure reducing valve and the shock absorbing means and a plurality of sets.
[0023]
Water supply according to claim 3, with an upper end portion of the water supply main pipe and the water tank are connected by crosscut tube, it is provided with a intake and exhaust valves on top of the water supply main pipe.
[0024]
In the water supply facility of the present invention, when water is supplied with the water supply valve opened, the water accumulated in the shock absorbing means is supplied to the secondary side of the pressure reducing valve. Therefore, it is possible to prevent water hammer from occurring when the water supply valve is suddenly opened.
[0025]
Further, when the water supply valve is closed quickly, the impact of water is absorbed by the impact absorbing means provided before and after the pressure reducing valve, thereby preventing the water hammer from being generated.
[0026]
In addition, because the horizontal pipe is long, when the water supply valve is opened and water is supplied during water supply, if a water column separation phenomenon occurs in the upper part of the water supply main pipe and a vacuum space is formed, the intake / exhaust valve Opens and the atmosphere is introduced into the space. For this reason, the water in the water tank connected to the horizontal pulling pipe does not flow into the space portion suddenly, and therefore it is possible to prevent the water hammer from occurring.
[0027]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 and 2 show an example of an embodiment for implementing a water supply facility, and shows a case of a pressure reducing valve series system in which a plurality of pressure reducing valves are provided in a standing water supply main pipe. Such a pressure reducing valve series system is suitable for high-rise buildings. In the figure, 1 is a water receiving tank, 2 is an elevated water tank installed above the water receiving tank 1, 3 is a pumping pipe for pumping water from the water receiving tank 1 to the elevated water tank 2, and 4 is provided in the pumping pipe 3. The pumping pump 5 is a horizontal pipe connected to the bottom surface of the elevated water tank 2, 6 is a water supply main pipe laid upright, and one end of the horizontal pipe 5 is connected to the vicinity of the upper end of the water supply main pipe 6. Yes.
[0028]
Reference numeral 7 denotes a plurality of water supply pipes connected at a predetermined interval in the standing direction of the water supply main pipe 6 and corresponding to the level of the building. The water supply pipe 7 includes a flush valve or the like for water supply although not shown. Valve is connected. A plurality of pressure reducing valves 9a, 9b, 9c, 10a, 10b, and 10c are pressure-reduced so that 8a, 8b, and 8c are positioned between two predetermined upper and lower water supply pipes 7. A shock absorber connected to the water supply main pipe 6 between two predetermined upper and lower water supply pipes 7 so as to face each other with the valve 8 interposed therebetween.
[0029]
The pressure reducing valves 8a, 8b and 8c have the same structure as the pressure reducing valve g shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 and are well known in the art. The spring force is adjusted in advance so that the water pressure on the secondary side becomes the set pressure.
[0030]
The shock absorbers 9a, 9b, 9c, 10a, 10b, and 10c are also of a conventionally known structure, for example, an airbag type in which precharged air is sealed in a rubber bag housed inside the casing. In the casing, water from the water supply main pipe 6 can be stored, and from the casing, the stored water can be introduced into the water supply main pipe 6 by the pressure of the sealed gas. .
[0031]
Thus, when a valve such as a flush valve is suddenly opened during water supply, there is a delay in operation of the pressure reducing valves 8a, 8b, 8c, and a negative pressure space due to a water column separation phenomenon on the secondary side of the pressure reducing valves 8a, 8b, 8c. Even if water is about to occur, by introducing the water stored in the shock absorbers 10a, 10b, 10c to the secondary side, a water column separation phenomenon occurs in the water supply main pipe 6 on the secondary side of the pressure reducing valves 8a, 8b, 8c. This prevents the water hammer from occurring.
[0032]
Further, when a valve such as a flush valve is suddenly closed, the shock pressure of water generated at that time is absorbed by the shock absorbers 10a, 10b, 10c, and there is an operation delay until the pressure reducing valves 8a, 8b, 8c are closed, When the impact pressure of the water generated at that time flows from the secondary side to the primary side through the pressure reducing valves 8a, 8b, 8c, the impact pressure of the distributed water is absorbed by the shock absorbers 9a, 9b, 9c, and the water hammer Can be prevented.
[0033]
Further, when the pressure reducing valves 8a, 8b and 8c are opened and water flows down the portions of the water supply main pipe 6 above the pressure reducing valves 8a, 8b and 8c, the water stored in the shock absorbers 9a, 9b and 9c. Is introduced into the water supply main pipe 6.
[0034]
Reference numeral 11 denotes a water supply / exhaust valve connected to the top of the water supply main pipe 6. When the horizontal pulling pipe 5 is long, when a valve such as a flush valve connected to the water supply pipe 7 is opened, a water column is formed above the water supply main pipe 6. By preventing the separation phenomenon from occurring, it is possible to prevent the water from the elevated water tank 2 from flowing down into the water supply main pipe 6 and prevent the water hammer from being generated.
[0035]
Details of the air supply / exhaust valve 11 are shown in FIGS. In the figure, 12 is a casing whose inside is hollow, and the casing 12 is provided with a connection port 12a for the top of the water supply main pipe 6 at its lower end, and its upper end is open.
[0036]
A coil spring 13 is housed in the casing 12, and a disk-shaped spring receiver 14 is supported at the upper end of the coil spring 13 so as to be housed in the upper end portion of the casing 12. On the outer periphery of the spring receiver 14, protrusions 14 a are formed so as to be guided by the inner peripheral wall of the casing 12 at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction. Thus, an air supply gap 15 is formed by the space surrounded by the outer peripheral surface of the spring receiver 14 and the adjacent protruding portion 14 a and the inner peripheral wall surface of the casing 12.
[0037]
A circular recess 14b is formed on the upper surface of the spring receiver 14, and a recess groove 14c extending outward in the radial direction of the spring receiver 14 is communicated with the recess 14b. The spring receiver 14 has an exhaust hole 14d penetrating vertically, and the exhaust hole 14d is open to the concave groove 14c.
[0038]
A hollow cylindrical lid 16 penetrating vertically is screwed onto the upper end of the casing 12 so that the upper surface of the spring receiver 14 can be pressed, and a 90-degree elbow-shaped cap 17 is fitted on the lid 16. ing.
[0039]
A float valve 18 is accommodated in the casing 12, and the float valve 18 is fixed to the spring receiver 14 so as to extend into the casing 12 by being positioned slightly outward of the spring receiver 14 in the radial direction from the exhaust hole 14 d. It is guided by a guide 19 provided. In the figure, reference numeral 20 denotes an O-ring provided on the surface of the lid 16 facing the spring receiver 14 so as to be able to contact the upper surface of the spring receiver 14.
[0040]
Next, the operation of the illustrated example will be described.
When water is supplied from the elevated water tank 2, the water received in the water receiving tank 1 is stored in the elevated water tank 2 by the pumping pump 4 in advance via the water pump 3.
[0041]
For example, when a valve such as a flush valve provided in a predetermined water supply pipe 7 connected to the upper part of the water supply main pipe 6 above the uppermost pressure reducing valve 8a is opened, water flows out of the valve and flows from the position of the pressure reducing valve 8a. In addition, water is supplied at a predetermined level above. When the valve is closed, the water supply is stopped.
[0042]
When a valve such as a flush valve provided in a predetermined water supply pipe 7 connected to a portion between the pressure reducing valves 8a and 8b of the water supply main pipe 6 is opened, water is first supplied to the water supply main pipe 6 on the secondary side of the pressure reducing valve 8a. Then, the water flows out from the valve such as the flush valve through the water supply pipe 7, water supply is started at a predetermined level between the pressure reducing valves 8a and 8b, and then the pressure reducing valve 8a is opened due to the pressure difference between the primary side and the secondary side. The water in the water supply main pipe 6 above the pressure reducing valve 8a flows down from the primary side to the secondary side of the pressure reducing valve 8a.
[0043]
Thus, water having a predetermined pressure flowing down to the secondary side of the pressure reducing valve 8a flows out from a valve such as a flush valve through the water supply main pipe 6 and the predetermined water supply pipe 7, and is supplied between the pressure reducing valves 8a and 8b. Water is supplied at the level. When the valve is closed, the pressure reducing valve 8a is closed and the water supply is stopped.
[0044]
When a valve such as a flush valve provided in a predetermined water supply pipe 7 connected to a portion between the pressure reducing valves 8b and 8c of the water supply main pipe 6 is opened, water is first supplied to the water supply main pipe 6 on the secondary side of the pressure reducing valve 8b. Then, the water flows out from the valve such as the flush valve through a predetermined water supply pipe 7, and water supply is started. Then, the pressure reducing valve 8b is opened by the pressure difference between the primary side and the secondary side, and the water supply main pipe 6 above the pressure reducing valve 8b is opened. The internal water flows down from the primary side to the secondary side of the pressure reducing valve 8b. Subsequently, the pressure reducing valve 8a is opened by the pressure difference between the primary side and the secondary side, and the water in the water supply main pipe 6 above the pressure reducing valve 8a is reduced. 8a flows down from the primary side to the secondary side, and the pressure reducing valve 8b flows down from the primary side to the secondary side.
[0045]
Thus, water having a predetermined pressure flowing down to the secondary side of the pressure reducing valve 8b flows out from a valve such as a flush valve through a predetermined water supply pipe 7, and is supplied at a predetermined level between the pressure reducing valves 8b and 8c. Is done. When the valve is closed, the pressure reducing valves 8b and 8a are sequentially closed to stop water supply.
[0046]
When a valve such as a flash valve provided in a predetermined water supply pipe 7 connected to a portion below the pressure reducing valve 8c of the water supply main pipe 6 is opened, water is first supplied to the water supply main pipe 6 and the predetermined water on the secondary side of the pressure reducing valve 8c. The water supply pipe 7 flows out from the valve such as the flush valve, water supply is started, and then the pressure reducing valve 8c is opened by the pressure difference between the primary side and the secondary side, and the water supply main pipe 6 above the pressure reducing valve 8c is opened. The water flows down from the primary side to the secondary side of the pressure reducing valve 8c, and then the pressure reducing valve 8b is opened due to the pressure difference between the primary side and the secondary side, so that the water in the water supply main pipe 6 above the pressure reducing valve 8b passes through the pressure reducing valve 8b. The primary water flows down from the primary side to the secondary side, then flows down from the primary side to the secondary side of the pressure reducing valve 8c, and the pressure reducing valve 8a opens due to the pressure difference between the primary side and the secondary side, and the water supply main pipe above the pressure reducing valve 8a 6 flows down from the primary side to the secondary side of the pressure reducing valve 8a. It flows down from the following side to the secondary side, followed by flowing down the secondary side from the primary side of the pressure reducing valve 8c.
[0047]
Thus, water having a predetermined pressure flowing down to the secondary side of the pressure reducing valve 8c flows out from the valve such as the flush valve via the predetermined water supply pipe 7, and the water is supplied at a predetermined level below the pressure reducing valve 8c. Done. When the valve is closed, the pressure reducing valves 8c, 8b, and 8a are sequentially closed to stop water supply.
[0048]
In the illustrated example of FIG. 1, by supplying a valve such as a flush valve, water is rapidly supplied downstream on the secondary side of the pressure reducing valves 8a, 8b, 8c (under the pressure reducing valves 8a, 8b, 8c in FIG. 1). Is performed, a time lag occurs until the pressure reducing valves 8a, 8b, 8c are opened and water flows, so that a vacuum space is formed in the water supply main pipe 6 on the secondary side of the pressure reducing valves 8a, 8b, 8c. Water column separation may occur.
[0049]
However, in the illustrated example, shock absorbers 10a, 10b, 10c are provided on the secondary side of the pressure reducing valves 8a, 8b, 8c, and water is stored in the shock absorbers 10a, 10b, 10c in an accumulated state. Therefore, even if the water on the secondary side of the pressure reducing valves 8a, 8b, 8c is suddenly supplied from a valve such as a flush valve, the water stored in the shock absorbers 10a, 10b, 10c is reduced pressure valves 8a, 8b, 8c. As a result, the water column separation phenomenon does not occur on the secondary side of the pressure reducing valves 8a, 8b, 8c.
[0050]
In addition, after the pressure reducing valves 8a, 8b, and 8c are opened, the water accumulated in the shock absorbers 9a, 9b, and 9c is also introduced into the water supply main pipe 6.
[0051]
As described above, since the water column separation phenomenon does not occur on the secondary side of the pressure reducing valves 8a, 8b, 8c, water is supplied from the elevated water tank 2 to the water supply main pipe 6 when the flush valve or the like is opened rapidly. There is no violent flow down to the pressure reducing valves 8a, 8b, 8c through the inside. Therefore, the water in the water supply main pipe 6 does not hit the water supply main pipe 6 violently, and water hammer is not generated.
[0052]
When a valve such as a flash valve is suddenly closed, the impact pressure of water is stored in the shock absorbers 10a, 10b, 10c on the secondary side of the pressure reducing valves 8a, 8b, 8c. In addition, since a time lag occurs when the pressure reducing valves 8a, 8b, and 8c are closed, a part of water leaks from the secondary side of the pressure reducing valves 8a, 8b, and 8c to the primary side. It is stored in the shock absorbers 9a, 9b, 9c. Accordingly, water hammer does not occur even when a valve such as a flush valve is suddenly closed.
[0053]
If the horizontal pipe 5 is long, the flow rate of water in the horizontal pipe 5 and the flow rate of water in the main water supply pipe 6 are supplied when the flush valve or the like is opened and water is supplied from the elevated water tank 2. Due to this difference, a water column separation phenomenon may occur in the upper portion of the water supply main pipe 6 to form a negative pressure space. Thus, in this case, the spring receiver 14 shown in FIG. 3 overcomes the drag of the coil spring 13 and descends due to the pressure difference between the outside air and the negative pressure (in this case, the float valve 18 is also in contact with the spring receiver 14). A gap is formed between the O-ring 20 mounting surface of the lid 16 and the spring receiver 14.
[0054]
For this reason, the air flows into the casing 12 through the cap 17, the hollow portion of the lid 16, the gap formed between the O-ring 20 mounting surface of the lid 16 and the spring receiver 14, and the gap 15, thereby causing a water column separation phenomenon. The negative pressure is eliminated by being introduced into the space where the water is generated. Therefore, even when a valve such as a flush valve is closed, the water in the elevated water tank 2 does not suddenly flow into the space where the air is confined in the upper portion of the water supply main pipe 6 via the horizontal draw pipe 5 and slowly. Will flow in. For this reason, it is possible to prevent water hammer from occurring in the horizontal pulling pipe 5 and the water supply main pipe 6.
[0055]
When air flows into the upper part of the water supply main pipe 6 and the casing 12 of the air supply / exhaust valve 11, the float valve 18 is not subjected to buoyancy due to water. For this reason, the float valve 18 is tilted with the upper end of the guide 19 as a fulcrum as shown by the phantom line in FIG. 3 due to gravity, and a gap is formed between the lower surface of the spring receiver 14 and the upper surface of the float valve 18, thereby The lower end of is opened. Accordingly, the air trapped in the upper portion of the water supply main pipe 6 is pushed by the water gradually flowing from the elevated water tank 2 and is discharged to the hollow portion of the lid 16 through the space in the casing 12 and the exhaust hole 14d, and is discharged from the lid 16 to the cap. It is discharged to the outside through 17.
[0056]
When the water supply main pipe 6 and the casing 12 are filled with water from the high water tank 2, the float valve 18 is released from the inclined state by buoyancy and returns to the solid line state of FIG. Accordingly, the exhaust hole 14d is closed by the upper surface of the float valve 18, and the air venting from the water supply main pipe 6 is completed.
[0057]
In addition, the water supply equipment of the present invention is not limited to the illustrated examples described above, and it is needless to say that various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
[0058]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the water supply equipment according to claims 1 to 3 of the present invention, it is possible to prevent the water hammer from being generated in the water supply system, and therefore it is possible to prevent noise and vibration, and There is no hindrance to the use of the faucet / equipment and the like, and the components such as the faucet and the valve are not worn, and an excellent effect of prolonging the life of the component can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view showing an outline of an example of an embodiment of a water supply facility of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a pressure reducing valve and a shock absorber portion of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a detailed view of the intake / exhaust valve shown in FIG. 1;
4 is a plan view of a portion of a spring receiver of the intake / exhaust valve shown in FIG. 3. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a side view showing an outline of an example of a conventional water supply facility.
FIG. 6 is a side view showing an outline of another example of conventional water supply equipment.
FIG. 7 is a side view showing an outline of still another example of a conventional water supply facility.
[Explanation of symbols]
2 Elevated water tank (water tank)
5 Horizontal pulling pipe 6 Water supply main pipe 7 Water supply pipe 8a Pressure reducing valve 8b Pressure reducing valve 8c Pressure reducing valve 9a Shock absorber (shock absorbing means)
9b Shock absorber (Shock absorbing means)
9c Shock absorber (Shock absorbing means)
10a Shock absorber (Shock absorbing means)
10b Shock absorber (Shock absorbing means)
10c Shock absorber (Shock absorbing means)
11 Intake and exhaust valves

Claims

Among the plurality of water supply pipes, a plurality of water supply pipes connected to the water supply main pipes at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction and provided with water supply valves ; A pressure reducing valve provided in the water supply main pipe is disposed opposite to the water supply main pipe so as to be positioned between a predetermined water supply pipe and another water supply pipe arranged immediately above or directly below the water supply pipe. And an impact absorbing means provided on the main water supply pipe so as to be positioned between the predetermined water supply pipe and the other water supply pipe arranged immediately above or below the water supply pipe. Water supply equipment characterized by.

Water supply according to claim 1 in which the combination of the pressure reducing valve and the shock absorbing means and a plurality of sets.

As well as connected by crosscut tube and upper end of the water supply main pipe and the water tank, water supply installation according to claim 1 or 2 provided with intake and exhaust valves on top of the water supply main pipe.