JP4106134B2 - イミノオキサジアジンジオン基を有するポリイソシアネートおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
イミノオキサジアジンジオン基を有するポリイソシアネートおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4106134B2 JP4106134B2 JP23111598A JP23111598A JP4106134B2 JP 4106134 B2 JP4106134 B2 JP 4106134B2 JP 23111598 A JP23111598 A JP 23111598A JP 23111598 A JP23111598 A JP 23111598A JP 4106134 B2 JP4106134 B2 JP 4106134B2
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- hdi
- formula
- viscosity
- fluoride
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- PJMDLNIAGSYXLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-iminooxadiazine-4,5-dione Chemical group N=C1ON=NC(=O)C1=O PJMDLNIAGSYXLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- YOUGRGFIHBUKRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(trimethyl)azanium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YOUGRGFIHBUKRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 22
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 46
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 40
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 37
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical class OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000005829 trimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 20
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 15
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000001718 carbodiimides Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- -1 tetraalkylammonium cation Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 11
- PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diazetidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)N1 PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 8
- JYFHYPJRHGVZDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCC JYFHYPJRHGVZDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- HXSACZWWBYWLIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazine-4,5,6-trione Chemical compound O=C1ON=NC(=O)C1=O HXSACZWWBYWLIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea-1-carboxylic acid Chemical group NC(=O)NC(O)=O AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical group CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 4
- XSCLFFBWRKTMTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane Chemical compound O=C=NCC1CCCC(CN=C=O)C1 XSCLFFBWRKTMTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RWLALWYNXFYRGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethyl-1,3-hexanediol Chemical compound CCCC(O)C(CC)CO RWLALWYNXFYRGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- FTECITCJOALIAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N(=C=O)CCCCCCN=C1C(C(N=NO1)=O)=O Chemical compound N(=C=O)CCCCCCN=C1C(C(N=NO1)=O)=O FTECITCJOALIAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PVXRCPDNJSFYBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamoyl fluoride Chemical compound NC(F)=O PVXRCPDNJSFYBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VPKDCDLSJZCGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbodiimide group Chemical group N=C=N VPKDCDLSJZCGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DVERFJXHCKPMNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorophosphane Chemical compound PF DVERFJXHCKPMNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007863 gel particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- HAMGRBXTJNITHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl isocyanate Chemical compound CN=C=O HAMGRBXTJNITHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)=O CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011527 polyurethane coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- YEKUWOWHPVKTCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;fluoride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[F-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC YEKUWOWHPVKTCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCZQSKKNAGZQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(6-isocyanatohexyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN1C(=O)N(CCCCCCN=C=O)C(=O)N(CCCCCCN=C=O)C1=O KCZQSKKNAGZQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHBNSOZREBSAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diisocyanato-2-methylpentane Chemical compound O=C=NCC(C)CCCN=C=O AHBNSOZREBSAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQXCQTAELHSNAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC(Cl)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 ZQXCQTAELHSNAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSLTVFIVJMCNBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-isocyanatopropane Chemical class CC(C)N=C=O GSLTVFIVJMCNBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUGQQGROXHPINL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-oxobutanoyl chloride Chemical compound CCC(=O)C(Cl)=O GUGQQGROXHPINL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMEQBOSUJUOXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-oxadiazine Chemical class N1OC=CC=N1 QMEQBOSUJUOXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYMIXNCPVUJKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethyl-6-methylimino-1,3,5-oxadiazinane-2,4-dione Chemical compound CN=C1OC(=O)N(C)C(=O)N1C HYMIXNCPVUJKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJGQGEBYYMLXFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-6-methylimino-5-phenyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinane-2,4-dione Chemical compound CN=C1OC(=O)N(C)C(=O)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 FJGQGEBYYMLXFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLJQDHDVZJXNQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-n-(oxomethylidene)benzenesulfonamide Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N=C=O)C=C1 VLJQDHDVZJXNQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001550224 Apha Species 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical class [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VMPVEPPRYRXYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-I antimony(5+);pentachloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl VMPVEPPRYRXYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical group NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012045 crude solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate Chemical compound C1CC(N=C=O)CCC1CC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1 KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- HTDKEJXHILZNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCCCCCC HTDKEJXHILZNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007210 heterogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007172 homogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUQUOGPMUUJORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 VUQUOGPMUUJORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMJHPCRAQCTCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl chloroformate Chemical compound COC(Cl)=O XMJHPCRAQCTCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005622 tetraalkylammonium hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D273/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D261/00 - C07D271/00
- C07D273/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D261/00 - C07D271/00 having two nitrogen atoms and only one oxygen atom
- C07D273/04—Six-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C263/00—Preparation of derivatives of isocyanic acid
- C07C263/16—Preparation of derivatives of isocyanic acid by reactions not involving the formation of isocyanate groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/02—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates of isocyanates or isothiocyanates only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/02—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates of isocyanates or isothiocyanates only
- C08G18/022—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates of isocyanates or isothiocyanates only the polymeric products containing isocyanurate groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/16—Catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/16—Catalysts
- C08G18/18—Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
- C08G18/1875—Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof containing ammonium salts or mixtures of secondary of tertiary amines and acids
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Nitrogen And Oxygen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19734048.2 | 1997-08-06 | ||
| DE19734048A DE19734048A1 (de) | 1997-08-06 | 1997-08-06 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyisocyanaten, damit hergestellte Polyisocyanate und deren Verwendung |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11152320A JPH11152320A (ja) | 1999-06-08 |
| JPH11152320A5 JPH11152320A5 (2) | 2005-10-27 |
| JP4106134B2 true JP4106134B2 (ja) | 2008-06-25 |
Family
ID=7838165
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23111598A Expired - Lifetime JP4106134B2 (ja) | 1997-08-06 | 1998-08-04 | イミノオキサジアジンジオン基を有するポリイソシアネートおよびその製造方法 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0896009B1 (2) |
| JP (1) | JP4106134B2 (2) |
| KR (1) | KR100511245B1 (2) |
| AT (1) | ATE268788T1 (2) |
| CA (1) | CA2244486C (2) |
| DE (2) | DE19734048A1 (2) |
| ES (1) | ES2222536T3 (2) |
Families Citing this family (93)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATE225777T1 (de) * | 1998-06-02 | 2002-10-15 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung iminooxadiazindiongruppen enhaltender polyisocyanate |
| DE19853569A1 (de) | 1998-11-20 | 2000-05-25 | Bayer Ag | Neue Urethanacrylate, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sowie ihre Verwendung |
| DE10123419A1 (de) * | 2001-05-14 | 2002-11-21 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von aliphatischen Polyisocyanaten mit Uretdion-Isocyanurat- sowie Iminooxadiazindionstruktur |
| DE10160305A1 (de) | 2001-12-07 | 2003-06-18 | Degussa | Katalysatoren und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Isocyanuratgruppen enthaltenden Polyisocyanaten und deren Verwendung |
| DE10208395B4 (de) | 2002-02-27 | 2004-03-25 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | (Meth)acrylatsubstituierte Iminooxadiazindion-Derivate |
| DE10208396B4 (de) | 2002-02-27 | 2006-05-18 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Dentalmaterialien auf der Basis von substituierten Iminooxadiazindion-Derivaten |
| DE10322620A1 (de) | 2003-05-20 | 2004-12-16 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Festkörperreiche Bindemittelkombinationen für kratzfeste Decklacke |
| DE10336184A1 (de) * | 2003-08-07 | 2005-02-24 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Neue Katalysatoren für die selektive Isocyanatdimerisierung |
| DE10339912B4 (de) | 2003-08-29 | 2016-07-21 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Dentale Beschichtungsmaterialien, deren Verwendung sowie Verfahren zur Beschichtung einer Substratoberfläche |
| DE102004048871A1 (de) * | 2004-10-07 | 2006-04-13 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Iminooxadiazindiongruppen aufweisenden Polyisocyanaten |
| DE102004056849A1 (de) | 2004-11-25 | 2006-06-08 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Neue Polyisocyanatgemische, ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung als Härterkomponente in Polyurethanlacken |
| WO2006063748A1 (de) * | 2004-12-13 | 2006-06-22 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung von (cyclo)aliphatischen polyisocyanaten |
| KR100950884B1 (ko) * | 2005-10-21 | 2010-04-06 | 아사히 가세이 케미칼즈 가부시키가이샤 | 고가교성, 저점도 폴리이소시아네이트 조성물 및 이를포함하는 코팅 조성물 |
| JP5574954B2 (ja) | 2007-03-27 | 2014-08-20 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | ジイソシアネートの無色イソシアヌレートの製造方法 |
| JP5431352B2 (ja) | 2007-11-28 | 2014-03-05 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | 液体安定剤混合物 |
| US8119245B2 (en) | 2008-02-05 | 2012-02-21 | Bayer Materialscience Llc | Dual-cure coating compositions based on polyaspartates polyisocyanates and acrylate-containing compounds |
| US20090226644A1 (en) | 2008-03-05 | 2009-09-10 | Wylie Amy S | Gel coat compositions from acrylate-modified aspartates |
| DE102008052765A1 (de) | 2008-10-22 | 2010-04-29 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Feuchtigkeitshärtende Polyisocyanatmischungen |
| US8969614B2 (en) | 2008-10-22 | 2015-03-03 | Basf Se | Method for producing colourless polyisocyanates |
| DE102009005712A1 (de) | 2009-01-22 | 2010-07-29 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Polyurethanvergussmassen |
| DE102009007228A1 (de) | 2009-02-03 | 2010-08-05 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Beschichtungen |
| DE102009007194A1 (de) | 2009-02-03 | 2010-08-05 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Flexible Beschichtungen |
| DE102010031682A1 (de) | 2010-07-20 | 2012-01-26 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Bindemittelkombinationen für konstruktive Trinkwasserrohrbeschichtungen |
| DE102010038845A1 (de) | 2010-08-03 | 2012-02-09 | Bayer Materialscience Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyisocyanaten und deren Verwendung |
| BR112014003329A2 (pt) | 2011-08-19 | 2017-03-14 | Ppg Europe Bv | composição de revestimento, uso da composição e substrato |
| DE102011115062A1 (de) | 2011-10-07 | 2013-04-11 | Dreve Prodimed Gmbh | Rohling zur abtragenden Herstellung von Ohrpassstücken |
| US9440937B2 (en) | 2011-11-29 | 2016-09-13 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Method for producing polyisocyanates and use thereof |
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| MX2015000300A (es) | 2012-07-09 | 2015-04-10 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Procedimiento de revestimiento y endurecedor para pintura de poliuretano. |
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| HUE035077T2 (en) | 2013-12-10 | 2018-05-02 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Polyisocyanates containing Iminoadadiazindion groups |
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| JP2019536849A (ja) | 2016-10-18 | 2019-12-19 | コベストロ、ドイチュラント、アクチエンゲゼルシャフトCovestro Deutschland Ag | ブロックトポリイソシアネートの触媒架橋によるプラスチックの製造 |
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| WO2019096813A1 (de) | 2017-11-14 | 2019-05-23 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Halbzeuge basierend auf dualem vernetzungsmechanismus |
| JP2021507041A (ja) | 2017-12-21 | 2021-02-22 | コベストロ、ドイチュラント、アクチエンゲゼルシャフトCovestro Deutschland Ag | ポリイソシアネートに基づく耐霜性接着剤 |
| WO2019121387A1 (de) | 2017-12-21 | 2019-06-27 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Frostbeständige wasserlacke auf basis von polyisocyanaten |
| WO2019157625A1 (en) | 2018-02-13 | 2019-08-22 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Aromatic polyisocyanates with a high solids content |
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| EP3794049B1 (de) | 2018-05-17 | 2022-06-08 | Covestro Intellectual Property GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren zur herstellung eines polyisocyanatpolymers und eines polyisocyanuratkunststoffs |
| US20210214487A1 (en) | 2018-05-17 | 2021-07-15 | Covestro Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for preparing composite materials made of polyethylene fibers having an ultra-high molecular weight and cross-linked polyisocyanates |
| WO2020016119A1 (de) | 2018-07-16 | 2020-01-23 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Verfahren zur oligomerisierung von isocyanaten mit polyedrischen silsesquioxan-katalysatoren |
| US12247144B2 (en) | 2018-10-19 | 2025-03-11 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Anhydrously curing polyisocyanate-based adhesives |
| JP2022517512A (ja) | 2019-01-22 | 2022-03-09 | コベストロ・インテレクチュアル・プロパティ・ゲゼルシャフト・ミット・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング・アンド・コー・カーゲー | 二重硬化ウレタンポリマーおよび二重硬化イソシアヌレートポリマーに基づく複合材料 |
| JP2022521878A (ja) | 2019-02-27 | 2022-04-13 | コベストロ・インテレクチュアル・プロパティ・ゲゼルシャフト・ミット・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング・アンド・コー・カーゲー | 電気ポッティングコンパウンドとしてのポリイソシアヌレート材料 |
| US11566145B2 (en) | 2019-03-14 | 2023-01-31 | Covestro Llc | Polyurethane coating compositions and their use as gel coats |
| US10544158B1 (en) | 2019-03-14 | 2020-01-28 | Covestro Llc | Process for producing polycyclic polyether polyols |
| US12168711B2 (en) | 2019-06-24 | 2024-12-17 | Basf Se | Water-emulsifiable isocyanates with improved properties |
| EP3760658A1 (de) | 2019-07-03 | 2021-01-06 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Beständige 2k-pur-beschichtungen |
| CN114040934A (zh) * | 2019-07-08 | 2022-02-11 | 科思创知识产权两合公司 | 具有延长的适用期的用于生产聚异氰脲酸酯基塑料的可聚合组合物 |
| EP3763792A1 (de) | 2019-07-11 | 2021-01-13 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Verfahren zur herstellung von isocyanuraten aus uretdionen |
| EP3838939A1 (de) | 2019-12-19 | 2021-06-23 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Katalysatorkomponente für die isocyanatmodifizierung |
| EP3885385A1 (en) | 2020-03-23 | 2021-09-29 | Basf Se | Process for modifying isocyanates with use of guanidinium salts as catalyst |
| EP4175820A1 (de) | 2020-07-02 | 2023-05-10 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Beschichtungen aus polyisocyanuratbeschichtungen (rim) und deren anwendung in spritzgiessprozessen |
| JP2023533378A (ja) * | 2020-09-25 | 2023-08-02 | 万華化学集団股▲分▼有限公司 | 色度が安定したイソシアヌレート含有ポリイソシアネート組成物及びその調製方法 |
| EP3985044A1 (en) | 2020-10-13 | 2022-04-20 | Basf Se | Process for modifying isocyanates |
| EP4015552A1 (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-06-22 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Polyisocyanate composition, water-based coating composition and coated substrate |
| WO2022184522A1 (de) | 2021-03-02 | 2022-09-09 | Basf Se | Wasseremulgierbare polyisocyanate mit verbesserten eigenschaften |
| US20240301154A1 (en) | 2021-03-29 | 2024-09-12 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Polyisocyanurate-prepregs and fiber composite components produced therefrom |
| EP4098678A1 (en) | 2021-06-02 | 2022-12-07 | Basf Se | Process for modifying isocyanates with use of difluorosilicate salts as catalyst |
| EP4108694A1 (de) | 2021-06-21 | 2022-12-28 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Beschichtungsmittel und daraus erhältliche beschichtungen mit verbesserten anschmutzungsresistenzen und (selbst-)reinigungseigenschaften |
| EP4108695A1 (de) | 2021-06-21 | 2022-12-28 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Beschichtungsmittel und daraus erhältliche beschichtungen mit verbesserten anschmutzungsresistenzen und (selbst-)reinigungseigenschaften |
| EP4108697A1 (de) | 2021-06-21 | 2022-12-28 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Beschichtungsmittel und daraus erhältliche beschichtungen mit verbesserten anschmutzungsresistenzen und (selbst-)reinigungseigenschaften |
| WO2023088793A1 (en) | 2021-11-16 | 2023-05-25 | Basf Se | Preparation of polyisocyanates containing iminooxadiazinedione groups and their use |
| EP4198094A1 (de) | 2021-12-20 | 2023-06-21 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Mehrschichtaufbau auf metallischen untergründen basierend auf polyaspartatbeschichtungen |
| WO2023138938A1 (en) | 2022-01-18 | 2023-07-27 | Basf Se | Preparation of polyisocyanates containing iminooxadiazinedione groups and their use |
| EP4303246A1 (de) | 2022-07-04 | 2024-01-10 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Polyisocyanatgemisch |
| EP4414400A1 (de) | 2023-02-09 | 2024-08-14 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Polyisocyanate mit verbesserten eigenschaften |
| WO2024165361A1 (en) | 2023-02-09 | 2024-08-15 | Basf Se | Preparation of polyisocyanates containing iminooxadiazinedione groups and their use |
| EP4545579A1 (de) | 2023-10-24 | 2025-04-30 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Verfahren zur herstellung eines polyisocyanats auf basis von 1,5-pentamethylendiisocyanat |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3814167A1 (de) * | 1988-04-27 | 1989-11-09 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von isocyanuratgruppen aufweisenden polyisocyanaten und ihre verwendung |
| DE3827596A1 (de) * | 1988-08-13 | 1990-02-15 | Bayer Ag | Neue katalysatoren, ein verfahren zu ihrer hertstellung und ihre verwendung zur herstellung von isocyanuratgruppen aufweisenden polyisocyanaten |
| DE3902078A1 (de) * | 1989-01-25 | 1990-07-26 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von modifizierten, isocyanuratgruppen aufweisenden polyisocyanaten und ihre verwendung |
| JP3195787B2 (ja) * | 1990-03-12 | 2001-08-06 | 旭電化工業株式会社 | イソシアネート三量化またはウレタン化触媒 |
| DE19611849A1 (de) * | 1996-03-26 | 1997-10-02 | Bayer Ag | Neue Isocyanattrimerisate und Isocyanattrimerisatmischungen, deren Herstellung und Verwendung |
-
1997
- 1997-08-06 DE DE19734048A patent/DE19734048A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-07-24 ES ES98113848T patent/ES2222536T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-24 AT AT98113848T patent/ATE268788T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-07-24 EP EP98113848A patent/EP0896009B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-24 DE DE59811531T patent/DE59811531D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-03 CA CA002244486A patent/CA2244486C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-04 JP JP23111598A patent/JP4106134B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-05 KR KR1019980031861A patent/KR100511245B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2244486A1 (en) | 1999-02-06 |
| CA2244486C (en) | 2007-10-23 |
| DE19734048A1 (de) | 1999-02-11 |
| ES2222536T3 (es) | 2005-02-01 |
| EP0896009A1 (de) | 1999-02-10 |
| DE59811531D1 (de) | 2004-07-15 |
| ATE268788T1 (de) | 2004-06-15 |
| KR100511245B1 (ko) | 2006-02-28 |
| KR19990023374A (ko) | 1999-03-25 |
| EP0896009B1 (de) | 2004-06-09 |
| JPH11152320A (ja) | 1999-06-08 |
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