JP4242693B2 - Method for producing leather-like sheet - Google Patents
Method for producing leather-like sheet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4242693B2 JP4242693B2 JP2003121348A JP2003121348A JP4242693B2 JP 4242693 B2 JP4242693 B2 JP 4242693B2 JP 2003121348 A JP2003121348 A JP 2003121348A JP 2003121348 A JP2003121348 A JP 2003121348A JP 4242693 B2 JP4242693 B2 JP 4242693B2
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- Prior art keywords
- leather
- sheet
- silicone
- fiber
- weight
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 10
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002649 leather substitute Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHWNWJKBPDFINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Laurolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCCCN1 JHWNWJKBPDFINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000299 Nylon 12 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003009 polyurethane dispersion Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、皮革様シート状物の製造方法に関するものである。さらに詳しくは低反発性でありながら腰が有り、重厚感、柔軟性に優れた皮革様シート状物の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、天然皮革代替物としての皮革様シート状物は、軽さ、イージーケアー、低価格などの特徴が消費者に認められ、衣料、一般資材およびスポーツ分野などに幅広く利用されるようになっている。そして一般的な製造方法としては、繊維質基材に高分子弾性体の有機溶剤溶液を含浸し湿式凝固させるプロセスであり、このときの高分子弾性体としては、DMFなどの良溶剤で溶解された有機溶剤系のポリウレタンが多く用いられている。
【0003】
一方、最近では環境問題を考慮した製法として有機溶剤系では無く水系の高分子弾性体による皮革様シート状物が注目を浴びている。しかし、従来の水系高分子弾性体によって得られた皮革様シート状物は、ドレープ性、低反発性といった特性において十分な水準には至っておらず、人工皮革としては不十分なものであった。特に腰の強さを出すために高分子弾性体の含浸量を増加させた場合、座屈性や折れ皺が大きいという問題があった。
【0004】
その問題を解決するために、例えば乾燥時の熱によって凝固させる感熱凝固法の検討がなされてきており、特許文献1では不織布の収縮と高分子弾性体エマルジョンの感熱凝固を同時に行わせることにより柔軟性と腰の強さの有る皮革様シート状物の製造方法が開示されている。しかしこの皮革様シート状物は、天然皮革に比べると重厚感が無く、高級感にも劣るという問題があった。
【0005】
そこで、天然皮革で用いられている加脂剤を人工の皮革様シート状物に適用することが考えられるが、繊維のみからなる天然皮革と異なり、繊維に高分子弾性体を含浸している皮革様シート状物に対しては、加脂効果が得られるようにするには大量に加脂剤を付着させなければならず、一時的な風合いこそ重厚感が出るものの、使用するに従って加脂剤が染み出て風合いが低下し、さらには手が汚れるなどの問題がある。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−279579号公報
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記従来技術の有する問題点を鑑みなされたもので、その目的は、柔軟性と腰の強さの特性に優れ、低反発性でありながら腰が有り、重厚感と柔軟性に優れた加脂効果が得られる天然皮革ライクな皮革様シート状物の製造法を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の皮革様シート状物の製造方法は、極細繊維からなる繊維質基材に、ジメチルポリシロキサン:アミノ変性シリコーンの比率が1:9〜9:1であるシリコーンオイルと、シリコーンレジンとの比率が1:3〜3:1であるシリコーン含有処理液を付与し、次いで高分子弾性体エマルジョンを含浸、凝固させることを特徴とする。さらには該極細繊維が、剥離分割型複合繊維を分割して得られる繊度0.5dtex以下のものであることや、該繊維質基材重量に対し、該シリコーン含有処理液中の有効成分の付着量が5〜30重量%であり、かつ該高分子弾性体の付着量が5〜50重量%であることが好ましい。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
本発明で用いる極細繊維としては0.5dtex以下であることが好ましく、さらには0.001〜0.3dtexであることが好ましい。また本発明の繊維質基材を作成するための繊維としては、繊維質基材となったときに最終的に上記のような極細繊維となる繊維であれば特に制限は無く、そのような極細化前の繊維としては海島型の混合紡糸繊維、複合紡糸繊維などいずれもが適用できるが、特に好ましくは剥離分割型複合繊維であることである。
【0010】
本発明で用いられるこのような繊維としては、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリアクリル、ポリオレフィンなどの従来公知の繊維形成可能な合成樹脂の一種、あるいは二種以上の樹脂からなる合成繊維が使用出来る。この中でも、ポリエステル、ポリアミドまたはポリエステル/ポリアミドからなるものを用いることが特に好ましい。繊維となるポリエステルとしては、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリプロピレンテレフタレートなどがあげられ、ポリアミドとしては、ナイロン−6、ナイロン−66、ナイロン−12などがあげられる。中でもポリエチレンテレフタレート、ナイロン−6などが、工程安定性やコスト面から好ましい。
【0011】
また、本発明では、極細化前の繊維でシートを作成し、極細化処理を経て繊維質基材とすることが好ましい。さらにこのときシートを構成する極細化前の繊維には熱収縮性繊維が含まれていることが好ましい。シート形状とした後で熱により繊維を収縮させることにより、高分子弾性体の含浸前に繊維の密度を高くでき、風合いが向上する。このような熱収縮性繊維としては、特に好ましくは収縮応力が大きい高収縮ポリエステル系繊維である。例えばポリエチレンテレフタレートを主成分とする繊維形成性ポリマーを紡糸した後、温水中で低倍率延伸して得られる熱収縮性繊維などである。さらに、該熱収縮性繊維は延伸条件などの制御により50℃以上100℃以下で収縮特性を発現するものが好ましい。50℃より低い温度で特性を発現するものは品質のバラツキの要因になり、100℃より高い温度で特性を発現するものは、多くの熱量を必要し生産性が悪くなる。シートとした後、繊維質基材となるまでの収縮率は5〜50%、特には20〜40%であることが好ましい。
【0012】
また、最も好ましくはシートを構成する繊維が、熱収縮性繊維から構成され、さらに2種以上の単繊維に分割可能な複合繊維であることである。このように該複合繊維を分割して発生するそれぞれの単繊維の熱収縮性が互いに異なる場合は、収縮処理時に複合繊維の分割がさらにすすみ、より緻密でかつ均質な構造を得ることが出来る。例えば、熱収縮性の高いポリエステル系繊維と熱収縮性の低いポリアミド系繊維とに、最終的に分割、極細繊維化される剥離分割型複合繊維などが好ましい。
【0013】
これらの繊維からなるシートとしては不織布であることがもっとも好ましい。このような不織布を形成する方法は、短繊維からのカーディング、交絡処理による方法、あるいは長繊維のダイレクトシート化、交絡処理による方法などの従来から公知の方法が採用できる。さらに緻密でかつ均質な繊維質基材を得るためには、極細繊維化される剥離分割型複合繊維を用い、高圧水流により絡合させる方法が好ましい。
【0014】
本発明においては、該繊維質基材をシリコーンオイルとシリコーンレジンの比率が1:3〜3:1、好ましくは2:3〜3:2であるシリコーン含有処理液で処理する必要がある。このように、シリコーンレジンを処理液中に含有させることにより、最終的に得られる皮革様シート状物に、染み出しの少ない加脂効果を得ることができる。
【0015】
なお、上記処理液中のシリコーンオイルは、ジメチルポリシロキサンとアミノ変性シリコーンとを含有し、その重量比率が1:9〜9:1、好ましくは4:6〜8:2であることが必要である。さらには、本発明の製造方法では、上記の処理液を付着した後に乾燥処理することが好ましい。本発明ではこれらシリコーン成分を含むことにより、後述する高分子弾性体の含浸前に極細繊維間に働くことにより、わずかな添加量で加脂効果を得ることができ、さらには特にアミノ変性シリコーンオイルを含むために脱着が防止されるので、長期にわたって高品質が継続し、また加脂剤の外部付着による汚れも発生しない。また、ジメチルポリシロキサンとしてはジメチルシリコーンやジメチルハイドロジエンシリコーンなどが好ましい。このようなジメチルポリシロキサンで処理することにより、繊維に対する高分子弾性体の接着が防止され、より柔軟な構造とすることができる。
【0016】
本発明の製造方法における、好ましいシリコーン含有処理液中の有効成分の付着量としては、該繊維質基材重量に対し5〜30重量%、さらに好ましくは7〜15重量%であることである。ここでシリコーン含有処理液中の有効成分とは、乾燥後にオイル状、固体となっている成分の合計量をいう。
【0017】
処理方法としては、濃度2〜10重量%に水で希釈し調製したシリコーン含有処理液を繊維質基材に含浸し、ニップロールで絞り付着量をコントロールし、次いで乾燥させることによって得ることができる。乾燥方法は熱風乾燥でも良いが、加熱ロールに接触させて乾燥させることがより好ましい。加熱ロールを用いることにより、乾燥効率が向上するばかりか表面の平滑性をも同時に得ることができる。さらに熱ロールに接触した繊維密度の高い部分により多くのシリコーン成分が付着するために、風合い的にも有効である。また本発明では樹脂の含浸前にシリコーン含有処理液を処理するので、加脂としては少ない付着量であるにも係わらず高い効果が得られ、かつ最終的に得られる皮革様シート状物からの脱落が非常に少ない。
【0018】
本発明の製造方法では、このように処理された繊維質基材に高分子弾性体エマルジョンを含浸、凝固させる。
本発明で用いる高分子弾性体エマルジョンとしては、水の除去後にエラストマー性を示すものであればいずれでも良く、例えばポリウレタンエマルジョン、NBRエマルジョン、SBRエマルジョン、アクリルエマルジョン等の高分子弾性体エマルジョンがあげられる。中でもポリウレタンエマルジョンが柔軟性、強度、耐候性などの点から好ましい。これらの高分子弾性体エマルジョンは単独で使用しても、複数を併用して使用してもよい。エマルジョン系の高分子弾性体は粒子状に凝固し表面積が大きくなる傾向にあるため、本発明のジメチルポリシロキサン、アミノ変性シリコーン、シリコーンレジンを含有するシリコーン処理剤の効果がより発揮され強い加脂効果が得られる。
【0019】
本発明においては、該高分子弾性体エマルジョンが感熱凝固特性を有していることが好ましい。その場合高分子弾性体エマルジョンの凝固特性が発現する温度は30℃以上90℃以下が好ましく、さらには50℃以上80℃以下で凝固特性を発現するものが好ましい。高分子弾性体エマルジョンの凝固特性が発現する温度とは、種々の添加剤を配合したエマルジョンを攪拌しながら昇温した時に、エマルジョンが流動性を失い凝固する温度である。感熱凝固を起こすことにより乾燥時のマイグレーションを防止し、シート状物がダンボール構造となることを防止することができる。
【0020】
また上記エマルジョンの耐光性、耐熱性、耐水性、耐溶剤性等の各種耐久性を改善する目的で酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、加水分解防止剤等の安定剤や、エポキシ樹脂、メラミン樹脂、イソシアネート化合物、アジリジン化合物、ポリカルボジイミド化合物等の架橋剤を配合して使用することもできる。さらに、着色を目的として水溶性あるいは水分散性の各種無機、有機顔料を配合することができる。
【0021】
本発明の高分子弾性体エマルジョンの不織布への含浸方法は、通常行われる方法であればいずれでも良く、例えばマングルによる含浸法、コーティング法、スプレー法等が挙げられる。高分子弾性体の付着量(固形分)は、目的に応じて任意の値が採用されるが、好ましくは、不織布100重量部に対し5〜50重量%である。さらには25重量%以下であることが好ましい。高分子弾性体付着量(固形分)が5重量%未満では得られるシートの充実感が低下する傾向がある。一方50重量%を越えると、シリコーンの効果が減少し、得られるシートの重厚感や皮革様の風合いが低下する傾向がある。
【0022】
本発明での凝固処理としては、高温多湿雰囲気下での感熱凝固であることが好ましい。その場合の処理温度は、高分子弾性体エマルジョンの感熱凝固温度以上であることが好ましく、50℃以上180℃以下が好ましいが、より安定的に生産を行うためには感熱ゲル化温度の10℃以上とするのがさらに好ましい。また相対湿度は80%以上であることが好ましく、さらには100%に近づく程表面からの乾燥が抑えられ好ましい。処理時間は、通常数秒〜数分間である。
【0023】
本発明で得られるシート状物は、見掛け密度の高い皮革様シート状物であることが好ましく見掛け密度は0.20g/cm3以上0.50g/cm3以下が好ましく、より好ましくは0.25g/cm3以上0.45g/cm3以下である。
【0024】
更に収縮・凝固後の処理として上記方法で得られた繊維複合シートを熱水により洗浄抽出することが好ましい。
【0025】
本発明の方法により得られた皮革様シート状物は、最後に乾燥させる。その方法としては、例えば熱風加熱、赤外線加熱、シリンダー加熱等任意の乾燥方法が可能であるが、一般的にはコスト面から熱風加熱が行われる。乾燥温度は好ましくは80℃以上180℃以下で行う。
【0026】
このようにして本発明の製造方法で得られた皮革様シート状物は、曲げ圧縮応力を曲げ硬さで除して得られる皮革ライク指数が50〜100であることが好ましい。皮革ライク指数は、この数値が大きいほどソフト性に富み、腰の強さが大きいことを意味しており、皮革ライク指数が大きいことは天然皮革の性格により近いことを示すものである。この値は、各高分子弾性体のモジュラスや、基材中の繊維と高分子弾性体との割合や接合状態を調整することにより達成される。
【0027】
本発明により得られる皮革様シート状物は柔軟性と腰の強さを同時に有し、重厚感、柔軟性に優れた加脂効果が得られ、人工皮革用基材として好適に使用することができる。例えばこのようにして得られた皮革様シート状物の表面をバッフィングすることによりスエード調の人工皮革が得られ、また上記シートの片面に既知の方法によりポリウレタンなどの弾性ポリマー樹脂層を形成することにより銀面調の人工皮革が得られる。必要により、柔軟化のためのもみ処理や着色処理を行ってもよい。このようにして得られた人工皮革は靴、ボール、衣料、家具などのさまざまな用途に用いることができる。
【0028】
【実施例】
以下に実施例をあげて本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例により限定されるものではない。なお、実施例および比較例における部および%は、特に断らない限り重量基準である。また、実施例中の各測定値は次の方法により測定した。
【0029】
(1)厚さ
スプリング式ダイアルゲージ(荷重1.18N/cm2)にて測定した。
【0030】
(2)重量
10cm×10cmに切断した試験片を、精密天秤にて測定した。
【0031】
(3)20%伸長応力/切断応力/切断伸度
皮革様シート状物から採取したテストピースを、恒速伸長試験器で伸長試験し20%伸長時と破断時の荷重の値で示す。また、破断時の伸びも測定する。テストピースはJIS−K−6550 5−2−1に準拠した。
【0032】
(4)剥離強力
幅2.5cm×長さ15cmのテストピースに、同じサイズの平織り布をはりあわせたPVCシートをウレタン系接着剤で接着する。このテストピースに2cm間隔で5区間の印をつけ、恒速引張試験器で50mm/minの速度で剥離試験を行う。この時の剥離強力を記録計に記し2cm間隔の5区間のそれぞれの部分の最小値を読み、その5点の平均値を幅1cmあたりに換算して表示した。
【0033】
(5)皮革ライク性(P5/RB)
天然皮革の特徴として、その構造の緻密性と均一性によってもたらされる柔らかくて腰が強い点があげられ、この指標として(曲げ圧縮応力)/(曲げ硬さ)を皮革ライク性として表す。曲げ圧縮応力、曲げ硬さは下記(2)(3)のようにして測定した。
【0034】
(6)曲げ硬さ(RB)
25mm×90mmの試験片を、一方の端部から20mmの位置で固定具に把持する。試験片他端より20mmの位置で、曲率半径20mmで90度折り曲げ、折り曲げてから5分後の反発力を測定し、幅1cm当たりに換算して曲げ硬さ(柔軟度)として単位はmN/cmとした。
【0035】
(7)曲げ圧縮応力(P5)
2.5cm×9.0cmの試験片を一方の端より30mmの位置で折り曲げて、20mmの間隔にセットされた平板とUゲージの測定板との間に固定する。次いでUゲージの測定板を10mm/分の速度で平板と水平に下方へ移動させて試験片を圧縮し、平板とUゲージとの間隔が5mmとなった時の応力を記録計より読み取り、幅1cm当たりの応力に換算して曲げ圧縮応力(腰の強さ)とした。単位はmN/cmとした。
【0036】
[実施例1]
第1成分として収縮特性を有するポリエチレンテレフタレート、第2成分をナイロン−6とする16分割歯車型の断面を有する親糸繊度4.4dtexの剥離分割型複合繊維を、ニードルパンチと高圧水流交絡処理により、繊維の絡合と分割処理を行い厚さ1.05mm、目付け220g/m2の不織布とし、次いでこの分割処理後の不織布を75℃の温水槽中に30秒間浸漬し、第1成分のポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維を収縮させ、全体の面積を21%収縮させて乾燥した繊維集合体である収縮不織布を得た。厚さは1.02mm、目付は280g/m2であった。
【0037】
次いで該収縮不織布にシリコーンオイルと、シリコーンレジンとの比率が1:1であり、該シリコーンオイル中のジメチルシリコーンと、アミノ変性シリコーンとが1:1である、水で希釈し濃度5%としたシリコーン含有処理液を含浸させ、ニップロールにより含水率200%に絞り温度120℃の加熱ロールにてドラム乾燥させた。
【0038】
この処理済の収縮不織布に、感熱凝固型水系ポリウレタン分散液(固形分濃度8%、感熱凝固温度75℃)を含浸させ、表面の余分な分散液を掻き落として、温度97℃、飽和水蒸気雰囲気下で1分間かけてポリウレタンの凝固を行い、さらに30℃の水バス中で1分間洗浄後、130℃の熱風乾燥機で乾燥させた。得られた皮革様シート状物の厚さ1.00mm、見掛け密度0.36g/cm3であり、繊維:ジメチルシリコーン:アミノ変性シリコーン:シリコーンレジン:高分子重合体の比率は重量で100:2.5:2.5:5:20であった。このものの風合いは低反発性でありながら腰が有り、重厚感、柔軟性に優れたものであった。また、オイルの染み出しも無く長期の安定性にも優れていた。このものの物性を表1に示す。
【0039】
[比較例1]
実施例1のシリコーンオイルとシリコーンレジンとの濃度5%のシリコーン含有処理液の代わりに、シリコーンレジン成分を含まない、ジメチルシリコーンとアミノ変性シリコーンのみからなる濃度2.5%の処理液を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に行った。
【0040】
得られた皮革様シート状物の繊維:ジメチルシリコーン:アミノ変性シリコーンオイル:高分子重合体の比率は重量で100:2.5:2.5:20であった。このものの物性を表1に併せて示す。
【0041】
[比較例2]
比較例1の乾熱凝固型水系ポリウレタンの付着量を増加させた以外は比較例1と同様に行った。
【0042】
得られた皮革様シート状物の繊維:ジメチルシリコーン:アミノ変性シリコーンオイル:高分子重合体の比率は重量で100:2.5:2.5:27であった。曲げ圧縮応力が増加したものの、曲げ硬さも増加したために、皮革ライク指数は40と低いものであった。このものの物性を表1に併せて示す。
【0043】
【表1】
【0044】
【発明の効果】
本発明の製造方法は、柔軟性と腰の強さの特性に優れ、低反発性でありながら腰が有り、重厚感と柔軟性に優れた加脂効果が得られる天然皮革ライクな皮革様シート状物の製造方法である。そしてこの製造方法によって得られた皮革様シート状物は天然皮革代替物として好適なものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a leather-like sheet. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for producing a leather-like sheet material that has low resilience but is stiff and has a profound feeling and flexibility.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, leather-like sheet-like materials as a substitute for natural leather have been recognized by consumers for lightness, easy care, and low price, and have come to be widely used in clothing, general materials and sports fields. Yes. As a general manufacturing method, a fibrous base material is impregnated with an organic solvent solution of a polymer elastic body and wet solidified, and the polymer elastic body at this time is dissolved in a good solvent such as DMF. Many organic solvent-based polyurethanes are used.
[0003]
On the other hand, a leather-like sheet-like material made of a water-based polymer elastic material, not an organic solvent-based material, has recently attracted attention as a production method considering environmental problems. However, the leather-like sheet-like material obtained by the conventional water-based polymer elastic body has not reached a sufficient level in characteristics such as drape and low resilience, and is insufficient as artificial leather. In particular, when the amount of impregnation of the polymer elastic body is increased in order to increase waist strength, there is a problem that buckling property and crease are large.
[0004]
In order to solve the problem, for example, a thermal coagulation method that coagulates by heat at the time of drying has been studied, and in Patent Document 1, the nonwoven fabric is contracted and the elastic elastic emulsion is thermally coagulated at the same time, thereby making it flexible. A method for producing a leather-like sheet having properties and waist strength is disclosed. However, this leather-like sheet has a problem that it does not have a profound feeling compared with natural leather and is inferior in luxury.
[0005]
Therefore, it is conceivable to apply the greasing agent used in natural leather to artificial leather-like sheets, but unlike natural leather consisting only of fibers, the leather is impregnated with a polymer elastic body. For a sheet-like material, a large amount of a greasing agent must be attached to obtain a greasing effect, and although a temporary texture will be profound, a greasing agent will be used as it is used Oozes out and the texture is lowered, and further, there are problems such as dirty hands.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-279579 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and its purpose is excellent in flexibility and waist strength characteristics, low resilience while having waist, excellent in solid feeling and flexibility. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a natural leather-like leather-like sheet-like material capable of obtaining a greasing effect.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The method for producing a leather-like sheet according to the present invention comprises a fibrous base material comprising ultrafine fibers, a silicone oil having a ratio of dimethylpolysiloxane: amino-modified silicone of 1: 9 to 9: 1, and a silicone resin. A silicone-containing treatment liquid having a ratio of 1: 3 to 3: 1 is applied, and then the polymer elastic body emulsion is impregnated and solidified. Further, the ultrafine fiber has a fineness of 0.5 dtex or less obtained by dividing the peelable split composite fiber, and the active ingredient in the silicone-containing treatment liquid adheres to the weight of the fibrous base material. It is preferable that the amount is 5 to 30% by weight and the adhesion amount of the polymer elastic body is 5 to 50% by weight.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The ultrafine fiber used in the present invention is preferably 0.5 dtex or less, and more preferably 0.001 to 0.3 dtex. The fiber for producing the fibrous base material of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a fiber that finally becomes an ultrafine fiber as described above when it becomes a fibrous base material. As the fiber before conversion, sea-island type mixed spun fiber, composite spun fiber and the like can be applied, but it is particularly preferable that the fiber is a peeled split type composite fiber.
[0010]
As such fibers used in the present invention, one of conventionally known synthetic resins capable of forming fibers such as polyester, polyamide, polyacryl and polyolefin, or synthetic fibers composed of two or more resins can be used. Among these, it is particularly preferable to use a polyester, polyamide, or polyester / polyamide. Examples of the polyester used as the fiber include polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polypropylene terephthalate. Examples of the polyamide include nylon-6, nylon-66, and nylon-12. Among these, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon-6, and the like are preferable from the viewpoint of process stability and cost.
[0011]
Moreover, in this invention, it is preferable to make a sheet | seat with the fiber before ultrathinning, and to use as a fibrous base material through an ultrathinning process. Further, at this time, it is preferable that the fibers before the ultra-thinning constituting the sheet contain heat-shrinkable fibers. By shrinking the fiber by heat after forming the sheet shape, the density of the fiber can be increased before impregnation with the polymer elastic body, and the texture is improved. Such a heat-shrinkable fiber is particularly preferably a high-shrinkage polyester fiber having a large shrinkage stress. For example, a heat-shrinkable fiber obtained by spinning a fiber-forming polymer containing polyethylene terephthalate as a main component and then drawing at a low magnification in warm water. Furthermore, the heat-shrinkable fiber is preferably one that exhibits shrinkage characteristics at 50 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower by controlling stretching conditions and the like. Those exhibiting characteristics at a temperature lower than 50 ° C. cause quality variation, and those exhibiting characteristics at a temperature higher than 100 ° C. require a large amount of heat, resulting in poor productivity. After the sheet is formed, the shrinkage rate until it becomes a fibrous base material is preferably 5 to 50%, particularly preferably 20 to 40%.
[0012]
Most preferably, the fiber constituting the sheet is a composite fiber that is composed of heat-shrinkable fibers and can be further divided into two or more types of single fibers. Thus, when the heat shrinkability of each single fiber generated by dividing the composite fiber is different from each other, the composite fiber is further divided during the shrinkage treatment, and a more dense and homogeneous structure can be obtained. For example, a peelable split type composite fiber that is finally split into ultrafine fibers into polyester fibers with high heat shrinkability and polyamide fibers with low heat shrinkability is preferable.
[0013]
The sheet made of these fibers is most preferably a nonwoven fabric. As a method for forming such a nonwoven fabric, conventionally known methods such as a method of carding from short fibers and entanglement treatment, or a method of forming a long fiber into a direct sheet and entanglement treatment can be employed. Furthermore, in order to obtain a dense and homogeneous fibrous base material, a method of using an exfoliated split type composite fiber that is made into ultrafine fibers and entangled with a high-pressure water flow is preferable.
[0014]
In the present invention, it is necessary to treat the fibrous base material with a silicone-containing treatment liquid in which the ratio of silicone oil to silicone resin is 1: 3 to 3: 1, preferably 2: 3 to 3: 2. As described above, by containing the silicone resin in the treatment liquid, it is possible to obtain a greasing effect with little bleeding to the finally obtained leather-like sheet-like product.
[0015]
The silicone oil in the treatment liquid contains dimethylpolysiloxane and amino-modified silicone, and the weight ratio thereof is 1: 9 to 9: 1, preferably 4: 6 to 8: 2. is there. Furthermore, in the manufacturing method of this invention, it is preferable to dry-process, after attaching said process liquid. In the present invention, by including these silicone components, it is possible to obtain a greasing effect with a small addition amount by working between the ultrafine fibers before impregnation of the polymer elastic body described later. Since desorption is prevented, high quality continues for a long period of time, and contamination due to external adhesion of the greasing agent does not occur. Further, as dimethylpolysiloxane, dimethyl silicone, dimethyl hydrogen silicone and the like are preferable. By treating with such dimethylpolysiloxane, adhesion of the polymer elastic body to the fiber is prevented, and a more flexible structure can be obtained.
[0016]
In the production method of the present invention, the amount of the active ingredient adhered in the preferable silicone-containing treatment liquid is 5 to 30% by weight, more preferably 7 to 15% by weight, based on the weight of the fibrous base material. Here, the active ingredient in the silicone-containing treatment liquid refers to the total amount of ingredients that are oily and solid after drying.
[0017]
As a treatment method, it can be obtained by impregnating a fibrous base material with a silicone-containing treatment solution prepared by diluting with water to a concentration of 2 to 10% by weight, controlling the amount of squeeze by a nip roll, and then drying. The drying method may be hot-air drying, but it is more preferable to dry it by contacting with a heating roll. By using a heating roll, not only the drying efficiency is improved, but also surface smoothness can be obtained at the same time. Furthermore, since many silicone components adhere to the part with high fiber density which contacted the heat roll, it is effective in terms of texture. Further, in the present invention, since the silicone-containing treatment solution is treated before impregnation with the resin, a high effect is obtained despite the small amount of adhesion as greasing, and the leather-like sheet-like material finally obtained is obtained. There is very little dropout.
[0018]
In the production method of the present invention, the fibrous base material thus treated is impregnated with a polymer elastic body emulsion and solidified.
The polymer elastomer emulsion used in the present invention may be any polymer elastomer emulsion as long as it exhibits elastomeric properties after removal of water, and examples thereof include polymer elastomer emulsions such as polyurethane emulsion, NBR emulsion, SBR emulsion, and acrylic emulsion. . Among these, polyurethane emulsions are preferable from the viewpoints of flexibility, strength, weather resistance, and the like. These polymer elastic emulsions may be used alone or in combination. Emulsion-based polymer elastic bodies tend to solidify in the form of particles and have a large surface area. Therefore, the effects of the silicone treatment agent containing dimethylpolysiloxane, amino-modified silicone, and silicone resin of the present invention are more exerted, and strong greasing. An effect is obtained.
[0019]
In the present invention, it is preferable that the elastic polymer emulsion has a heat-sensitive coagulation property. In this case, the temperature at which the solidification characteristics of the polymer elastic body emulsion are exhibited is preferably 30 ° C. or more and 90 ° C. or less, and more preferably 50 ° C. or more and 80 ° C. or less that exhibits the solidification characteristics. The temperature at which the solidification characteristics of the polymer elastomer emulsion are expressed is the temperature at which the emulsion loses its fluidity and solidifies when the temperature of the emulsion containing various additives is increased while stirring. By causing heat-sensitive coagulation, migration during drying can be prevented, and the sheet-like material can be prevented from having a corrugated cardboard structure.
[0020]
In addition, for the purpose of improving various durability such as light resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, and solvent resistance of the emulsion, stabilizers such as antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, hydrolysis inhibitors, epoxy resins, melamine resins, A crosslinking agent such as an isocyanate compound, an aziridine compound, or a polycarbodiimide compound can also be blended and used. Furthermore, various inorganic or organic pigments that are water-soluble or water-dispersible can be blended for the purpose of coloring.
[0021]
The method of impregnating the nonwoven fabric with the elastic polymer emulsion of the present invention may be any method as long as it is conventionally performed, and examples thereof include an impregnation method using mangle, a coating method, and a spray method. Although the arbitrary amount is employ | adopted for the adhesion amount (solid content) of a polymeric elastic body according to the objective, Preferably, it is 5 to 50 weight% with respect to 100 weight part of nonwoven fabrics. Furthermore, it is preferable that it is 25 weight% or less. When the amount of attached polymer elastic body (solid content) is less than 5% by weight, the sense of fullness of the obtained sheet tends to be lowered. On the other hand, if it exceeds 50% by weight, the effect of silicone tends to decrease, and the resulting sheet tends to have a heavy feeling and a leather-like texture.
[0022]
The coagulation treatment in the present invention is preferably heat-sensitive coagulation in a high temperature and high humidity atmosphere. In this case, the treatment temperature is preferably equal to or higher than the heat-sensitive coagulation temperature of the polymer elastomer emulsion, and is preferably 50 ° C. or higher and 180 ° C. or lower. However, for more stable production, the heat-sensitive gelation temperature is 10 ° C. More preferably, the above is used. Further, the relative humidity is preferably 80% or more, and further, the closer to 100%, the more preferable the drying from the surface is suppressed. The processing time is usually several seconds to several minutes.
[0023]
The sheet-like material obtained in the present invention is preferably a leather-like sheet-like material having a high apparent density, and the apparent density is preferably 0.20 g / cm 3 or more and 0.50 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.25 g. / Cm 3 or more and 0.45 g / cm 3 or less.
[0024]
Furthermore, it is preferable to wash and extract the fiber composite sheet obtained by the above method with hot water as a treatment after shrinkage and solidification.
[0025]
The leather-like sheet obtained by the method of the present invention is finally dried. As the method, for example, any drying method such as hot air heating, infrared heating, cylinder heating and the like can be used. However, hot air heating is generally performed from the viewpoint of cost. The drying temperature is preferably 80 ° C. or higher and 180 ° C. or lower.
[0026]
Thus, it is preferable that the leather-like sheet-like material obtained by the production method of the present invention has a leather-like index of 50 to 100 obtained by dividing the bending compressive stress by the bending hardness. The leather-like index means that the larger the value, the richer the softness and the higher the strength of the waist. The higher the leather-like index, the closer to the nature of natural leather. This value is achieved by adjusting the modulus of each polymer elastic body, the ratio between the fiber in the base material and the polymer elastic body, and the bonding state.
[0027]
The leather-like sheet-like material obtained by the present invention has flexibility and waist strength at the same time, has a profound feeling and a softening effect excellent in flexibility, and can be suitably used as a base material for artificial leather. it can. For example, a suede-like artificial leather can be obtained by buffing the surface of the leather-like sheet thus obtained, and an elastic polymer resin layer such as polyurethane can be formed on one side of the sheet by a known method. As a result, artificial leather with a silver surface can be obtained. If necessary, a kneading process or a coloring process for softening may be performed. The artificial leather thus obtained can be used for various applications such as shoes, balls, clothing and furniture.
[0028]
【Example】
The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the examples and comparative examples, “parts” and “%” are based on weight unless otherwise specified. Moreover, each measured value in an Example was measured with the following method.
[0029]
(1) The thickness was measured with a spring type dial gauge (load: 1.18 N / cm 2 ).
[0030]
(2) A test piece cut to a weight of 10 cm × 10 cm was measured with a precision balance.
[0031]
(3) 20% elongation stress / cutting stress / cut elongation The test piece collected from the leather-like sheet is subjected to an elongation test with a constant-speed elongation tester, and is shown as a load value at 20% elongation and at break. The elongation at break is also measured. The test piece conformed to JIS-K-6550 5-2-1.
[0032]
(4) A PVC sheet in which a plain woven fabric of the same size is bonded to a test piece having a peel strength width of 2.5 cm × length of 15 cm is bonded with a urethane adhesive. The test piece is marked with 5 sections at intervals of 2 cm, and a peel test is performed at a speed of 50 mm / min with a constant speed tensile tester. The peel strength at this time was recorded on a recorder, and the minimum value of each of the 5 sections at intervals of 2 cm was read, and the average value of the 5 points was converted per 1 cm width and displayed.
[0033]
(5) Leather-like properties (P5 / RB)
A characteristic of natural leather is that it is soft and strong due to the denseness and uniformity of its structure, and (bending compressive stress) / (bending hardness) is expressed as leather-like property as this index. Bending compressive stress and bending hardness were measured as follows (2) and (3).
[0034]
(6) Bending hardness (RB)
A test piece of 25 mm × 90 mm is held by a fixture at a position 20 mm from one end. Bend 90 degrees at a radius of curvature of 20 mm at the position 20 mm from the other end of the test piece, measure the repulsive force 5 minutes after bending, and convert it to 1 cm in width as the bending hardness (flexibility) in mN / unit cm.
[0035]
(7) Bending compressive stress (P5)
A test piece of 2.5 cm × 9.0 cm is bent at a position of 30 mm from one end and fixed between a flat plate set at a distance of 20 mm and a U gauge measurement plate. Next, the U gauge measurement plate was moved horizontally at a speed of 10 mm / min downward to compress the test piece, and the stress when the distance between the flat plate and the U gauge was 5 mm was read from the recorder. The bending compressive stress (waist strength) was converted into a stress per 1 cm. The unit was mN / cm.
[0036]
[Example 1]
A peeled split type composite fiber having a cross section of a 16 split gear type with polyethylene terephthalate having shrinkage characteristics as the first component and nylon-6 as the second component and having a main yarn fineness of 4.4 dtex is obtained by needle punching and high-pressure hydroentanglement treatment. The fiber is entangled and divided to form a nonwoven fabric having a thickness of 1.05 mm and a basis weight of 220 g / m 2 , and then the nonwoven fabric after the division treatment is immersed in a 75 ° C. hot water bath for 30 seconds to form a first component polyethylene The terephthalate fiber was shrunk and the entire area was shrunk by 21% to obtain a shrunk nonwoven fabric which was a dried fiber aggregate. The thickness was 1.02 mm and the basis weight was 280 g / m 2 .
[0037]
Next, the ratio of the silicone oil to the silicone resin is 1: 1 in the shrinkable nonwoven fabric, and the dimethyl silicone and the amino-modified silicone in the silicone oil are 1: 1. The silicone-containing treatment liquid was impregnated, and the drum was dried with a heating roll having a squeezing temperature of 120 ° C. to a moisture content of 200% by a nip roll.
[0038]
This treated shrink nonwoven fabric is impregnated with a heat-sensitive coagulation-type aqueous polyurethane dispersion (solid content concentration 8%, heat-sensitive coagulation temperature 75 ° C.), and the excess dispersion on the surface is scraped off to a temperature of 97 ° C. and a saturated steam atmosphere The polyurethane was coagulated for 1 minute at the bottom, further washed in a 30 ° C. water bath for 1 minute, and then dried with a hot air dryer at 130 ° C. The thickness of the obtained leather-like sheet was 1.00 mm, the apparent density was 0.36 g / cm 3 , and the ratio of fiber: dimethylsilicone: amino-modified silicone: silicone resin: polymer was 100: 2 by weight. .5: 2.5: 5: 20. The texture of this product was low resilience, but had a firmness and was excellent in solid feeling and flexibility. In addition, no oil oozes out and excellent long-term stability. The physical properties of this product are shown in Table 1.
[0039]
[Comparative Example 1]
Instead of the silicone-containing treatment liquid of 5% concentration of the silicone oil and silicone resin of Example 1, a treatment liquid having a concentration of 2.5% consisting of only dimethyl silicone and amino-modified silicone and not containing a silicone resin component was used. Except for this, the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed.
[0040]
The ratio of fiber: dimethylsilicone: amino-modified silicone oil: polymer of the resulting leather-like sheet was 100: 2.5: 2.5: 20 by weight. The physical properties of this product are also shown in Table 1.
[0041]
[Comparative Example 2]
The same procedure as in Comparative Example 1 was performed except that the adhesion amount of the dry heat coagulation type aqueous polyurethane in Comparative Example 1 was increased.
[0042]
The ratio of fiber: dimethylsilicone: amino-modified silicone oil: polymer of the resulting leather-like sheet was 100: 2.5: 2.5: 27 by weight. Although the bending compressive stress increased, the bending hardness also increased, so the leather-like index was as low as 40. The physical properties of this product are also shown in Table 1.
[0043]
[Table 1]
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
The production method of the present invention is a natural leather-like leather-like sheet that is excellent in flexibility and waist strength characteristics, has low resilience while having a waist, and provides a fat feeling with a profound feeling and flexibility. It is a manufacturing method of a shape. The leather-like sheet obtained by this production method is suitable as a substitute for natural leather.
Claims (3)
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| JP2003121348A JP4242693B2 (en) | 2003-04-25 | 2003-04-25 | Method for producing leather-like sheet |
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| JP2003121348A JP4242693B2 (en) | 2003-04-25 | 2003-04-25 | Method for producing leather-like sheet |
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| JP2004324012A JP2004324012A (en) | 2004-11-18 |
| JP4242693B2 true JP4242693B2 (en) | 2009-03-25 |
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| JP4902300B2 (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2012-03-21 | 帝人コードレ株式会社 | Manufacturing method of base material for artificial leather |
| JP6473412B2 (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2019-02-20 | 株式会社クラレ | Artificial leather base material, silver-tone artificial leather, method for manufacturing artificial leather base material, and modifier for artificial leather base material |
| JP6811037B2 (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2021-01-13 | 日華化学株式会社 | Method for manufacturing water repellent composition and water repellent fiber product |
| EP3733809A4 (en) | 2017-12-25 | 2021-09-22 | Dow Toray Co., Ltd. | WATER-REPELLENT COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A WATER-REPELLENT FIBER PRODUCT |
| JP2025168108A (en) * | 2024-04-26 | 2025-11-07 | 日華化学株式会社 | Water repellent composition, method for producing water repellent textile product, and water repellent textile product |
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