JP4831417B2 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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Description
図1は、本発明が適用された燃料電池システムのシステム構成図である。
図1において、燃料電池システム10は、燃料電池20に燃料ガス(水素ガス)を供給するための燃料ガス供給系統4と、燃料電池20に酸化ガス(空気)を供給するための酸化ガス供給系統7と、燃料電池20を冷却するための冷却系統3と燃料電池20からの発電電力を充放電する電力系統9とを備えて構成されている。
H2→2H++2e-・・・(1)
(1/2)O2+2H++2e-→H2O・・・(2)
H2+(1/2)O2→H2O・・・(3)
次の本発明に係る動作を説明する。
まず、本実施形態における燃料電池の生成水量の検出および掃気のための酸化ガス量の決定方法を説明する。
生成水量g=(∫I×M(H2O))/2F …(4)
図4の低温生成水−電流特性f3に示すように、低温起動時当初は、電流量Iの増加とともに水分の生成量も増えていくが、ある程度時間が経過すると、生成水が凍結してガス流通が阻害されるが故に電流量Iが低下していき、電気光学反応が殆ど行われなくなった段階で電流がゼロとなる。
It+1=I(Vt、Tt、gt) …(5)
上記原理に基づく動作は、以下の機能ブロックによって実現される。
図2に、制御部80を中心として実現される起動時の低効率運転時における機能ブロック図を示す。図2に示すように、起動時における低効率運転時、当該燃料電池システム10は、生成水量検出手段101とガス供給制限手段102とを備える。
出力電流検出手段1011は、時刻tにおける燃料電池20の出力電流Itを検出するもので、電流センサ98および制御部80が相当している。出力電流積算手段1012は、検出された出力電流Itを低効率運転開始から検出タイミング毎に積算し積算値∫Iを出力するもので、制御部80の内部メモリと制御部80とが対応している。生成水量演算手段1013は、積算した出力電流∫Iに基づいて時刻tにおける生成水量gtを推測するもので、制御部80が相当している。
次に、図6のフローチャートに基づいて本実施形態の低効率運転の動作を説明する。このフローチャートは、所定の制御タイミング毎に実行されるものとする。以下は時刻tにおける制御タイミングにおいて、システムの各部の状態を計測することにより、次回の制御タイミングである時刻t+1の酸化ガス供給量を推測するフィードフォワード制御処理を例示するものである。
本発明は、上記実施形態に限定されることなく種々に変形して適用可能である。
上記実施形態では、燃料電池20の温度として、冷却液の燃料電池出口温度を温度センサ32により検出していたが、これに限らない。
Claims (5)
- 暖機運転時に燃料電池へのガス供給量を制限して低効率運転を実施する燃料電池システムにおいて、
該低効率運転時に、該燃料電池において生成される水分量を検出する生成水量検出手段と、
検出された該水分量に基づいて該燃料電池へのガス供給量を制限するガス供給制限手段と、を備えたことを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 前記生成水量検出手段は、
前記燃料電池の出力電流を検出する出力電流検出手段と、
検出された前記出力電流を検出タイミング毎に積算する出力電流積算手段と、
積算した前記出力電流に基づいて生成水量を推測する生成水量演算手段と、を備える、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記ガス供給制限手段は、
前記燃料電池の出力電圧を検出する出力電圧検出手段と、
前記燃料電池の温度を検出する温度検出手段と、
推測された前記生成水量、検出された該出力電圧、および検出された前記温度に基づいて、所定時間後の出力電流を推測する次回電流推測手段と、
推測された該所定時間後の出力電流に基づいて前記燃料電池に供給すべきガス流量を推測するガス流量推測手段と、
推測された該ガス流量を前記燃料電池に供給するガス供給制御手段と、
を備えた請求項1または2に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料電池のなかで相対的に条件が悪くなる部分の状況に基づいて前記水分量を検出する、
請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記ガス供給制限手段は、カソードガスの供給を制限する、
請求項1または3に記載の燃料電池システム。
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006335114A JP4831417B2 (ja) | 2006-12-12 | 2006-12-12 | 燃料電池システム |
| CN2007800282504A CN101496210B (zh) | 2006-12-12 | 2007-12-11 | 燃料电池系统、其控制方法及移动体 |
| US12/297,992 US8268501B2 (en) | 2006-12-12 | 2007-12-11 | Fuel cell system, control method therefor, and movable body |
| PCT/JP2007/074186 WO2008072755A1 (ja) | 2006-12-12 | 2007-12-11 | 燃料電池システム、その制御方法、および移動体 |
| DE112007002655.3T DE112007002655B4 (de) | 2006-12-12 | 2007-12-11 | Brennstoffzellensystem und Steuerungsverfahren für ein Brennstoffzellensystem |
| KR1020087029140A KR101046559B1 (ko) | 2006-12-12 | 2007-12-11 | 연료전지시스템, 그 제어방법 및 이동체 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006335114A JP4831417B2 (ja) | 2006-12-12 | 2006-12-12 | 燃料電池システム |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2008147093A JP2008147093A (ja) | 2008-06-26 |
| JP4831417B2 true JP4831417B2 (ja) | 2011-12-07 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006335114A Active JP4831417B2 (ja) | 2006-12-12 | 2006-12-12 | 燃料電池システム |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8268501B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4831417B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101046559B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101496210B (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE112007002655B4 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2008072755A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4849349B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-01 | 2012-01-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムおよび移動体 |
| JP2009199751A (ja) * | 2008-02-19 | 2009-09-03 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム、および、燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
| JP5235450B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-27 | 2013-07-10 | キヤノン株式会社 | 燃料電池の凍結検知方法 |
| JP5412780B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-26 | 2014-02-12 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムおよび燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
| KR101013860B1 (ko) | 2008-11-25 | 2011-02-14 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료전지 시스템의 워터트랩내 응축수 배출 제어 방법 |
| JP4962919B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-10 | 2012-06-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムおよび該システムにおける始動時制御方法 |
| CN102473941B (zh) * | 2009-07-29 | 2014-10-15 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 燃料电池系统 |
| JP2011249171A (ja) * | 2010-05-27 | 2011-12-08 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム、燃料電池システムの制御方法、および、燃料電池スタックの劣化判定方法 |
| JP5423892B2 (ja) * | 2010-06-17 | 2014-02-19 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム、および燃料電池の運転方法 |
| JP2012003957A (ja) * | 2010-06-17 | 2012-01-05 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システムおよび燃料電池に対するカソードガスの供給量を制御する方法、燃料電池に供給されるカソードガスの供給量を測定する方法 |
| CN101938003B (zh) * | 2010-09-03 | 2013-01-30 | 江苏中靖新能源科技有限公司 | 高分子氢燃料电池的制氢装置及控制系统 |
| CA2786027C (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2015-11-03 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of estimating amount of liquid water in fuel cell, method of estimating amount of liquid water discharged from fuel cell, estimation apparatus of liquid water amount in fuel cell and fuel cell system |
| JP5871014B2 (ja) * | 2012-01-05 | 2016-03-01 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
| KR101339256B1 (ko) * | 2012-07-13 | 2013-12-09 | 현대자동차 주식회사 | 연료 전지 스택의 물 분포 측정 장치 및 그 방법 |
| CN104871356B (zh) * | 2013-01-09 | 2016-09-07 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 燃料电池系统及其控制方法 |
| JP6217521B2 (ja) * | 2014-05-21 | 2017-10-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及びその制御方法 |
| JP6237715B2 (ja) | 2015-06-23 | 2017-11-29 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
| JP6589702B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-14 | 2019-10-16 | 株式会社Soken | 燃料電池システム |
| US10916786B2 (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2021-02-09 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Channel plate structure and electrochemical apparatus with the same |
| US11152814B2 (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-10-19 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Mobile charging stations with fuel-cell generators for electric-drive vehicles |
| DE102020100599A1 (de) | 2020-01-14 | 2021-07-15 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren für einen Froststart eines Brennstoffzellensystems, Brennstoffzellensystem und Kraftfahrzeug mit einem solchen |
| JP7363674B2 (ja) * | 2020-05-29 | 2023-10-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
| CN116130713B (zh) * | 2023-01-19 | 2023-11-28 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | 一种分析燃料电池内部含水量的方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6329089B1 (en) | 1997-12-23 | 2001-12-11 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for increasing the temperature of a fuel cell |
| US6103409A (en) * | 1998-02-10 | 2000-08-15 | General Motors Corporation | Fuel cell flooding detection and correction |
| JP2002313388A (ja) | 2001-04-10 | 2002-10-25 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池の制御方法と燃料電池電気車両 |
| JP2004031127A (ja) * | 2002-06-26 | 2004-01-29 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
| JP4140294B2 (ja) * | 2002-07-05 | 2008-08-27 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
| JP4745603B2 (ja) * | 2002-07-29 | 2011-08-10 | 株式会社デンソー | 燃料電池システム |
| US7691518B2 (en) * | 2003-05-15 | 2010-04-06 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Prevention of flooding of fuel cell stack |
| JP2005174645A (ja) * | 2003-12-09 | 2005-06-30 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
| JP2007141744A (ja) * | 2005-11-22 | 2007-06-07 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム |
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| US20090110970A1 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
| KR101046559B1 (ko) | 2011-07-05 |
| DE112007002655B4 (de) | 2018-02-22 |
| JP2008147093A (ja) | 2008-06-26 |
| DE112007002655T5 (de) | 2009-09-10 |
| WO2008072755A1 (ja) | 2008-06-19 |
| KR20090009274A (ko) | 2009-01-22 |
| CN101496210A (zh) | 2009-07-29 |
| CN101496210B (zh) | 2011-05-18 |
| US8268501B2 (en) | 2012-09-18 |
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