JP4847314B2 - 炎症性疾患を治療するための新規な方法 - Google Patents
炎症性疾患を治療するための新規な方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4847314B2 JP4847314B2 JP2006504000A JP2006504000A JP4847314B2 JP 4847314 B2 JP4847314 B2 JP 4847314B2 JP 2006504000 A JP2006504000 A JP 2006504000A JP 2006504000 A JP2006504000 A JP 2006504000A JP 4847314 B2 JP4847314 B2 JP 4847314B2
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Description
YおよびY'は、-C(R5)2-、-O-、-S-、-N(R5)-から独立に選択されるか、または一緒になって、-C(R5)=C(R5)-、-C(R5)=N-、-N=C(R5)-、-N(R5)-N(R5)-または-N=N-を形成し;
Zは、-C(R5)2-、-O-、-S-または-N(R5)-であるか、あるいはX'とY'の間の共有単結合または二重結合を形成し、あるいはZは、X'またはY'と共に-C(R5)=C(R5)-、-C(R5)=N-、-N=C(R5)-、-N(R5)-N(R5)-または-N=N-を形成し;
ここで、Zが、-O-、-S-または-N(R5)-である場合、X'およびY'は、-C(R5)2-であり;
Xが、-O-、-S-または-N(R5)-である場合、X'は、-C(R5)2-であり;
Yが、-O-、-S-または-N(R5)-である場合、Y'は、-C(R5)2であり;あるいは
XまたはYは、フェニル基を有する炭素原子と共に二重結合を形成し、ここで、二重結合の一部を形成するXまたはYはいずれであっても-C(R5)-および-N-から選択され;
R1は、水素、C1〜20アルキル、C2〜20アルケニル、C2〜20アルキニル、(A)nC(O)R6、(A)nC(S)R6、(A)nS(O)R6、(A)nS(O)2R6、(A)nOR7、(A)nSR7、(A)nN(R8)2、(A)nC(=NR9)R10および(A)nR11から選択され、あるいはXまたはYがフェニル基を有する炭素原子と共に二重結合を形成している場合、R1は、存在せず;
R2およびR4は、水素、C1〜3アルキルおよび(A)mR12から独立に選択され;
R3は、C1〜3アルキル、(A)mR12、(A)mアリールおよび(A)mヘテロシクリルから選択され;
R5は、水素、C1〜20アルキル、C2〜20アルケニル、C2〜20アルキニル、(A)nC(O)R6、(A)nC(S)R6、(A)nS(O)R6、(A)nS(O)2R6、(A)nОR7、(A)nSR7、(A)pN(R8)、(A)nC(=NR9)R10および(A)nR11から選択され;
R6は、水素、C1〜20アルキル、C2〜20アルケニル、C2〜20アルキニル、OH、OC1〜10アルキル、OC2〜10アルケニル、OC2〜10アルキニル、O(A)qR11、SH、SC1〜10アルキル、SC2〜10アルケニル、SC2〜10アルキニル、S(A)qR11、N(Rl3)2、[NH-CH(R14)C(O)]s-OH、[NH-CH(R14)C(O)]s-OC1〜3アルキル、[糖]s、および(A)qR11から選択され;
R7は、水素、C1〜20アルキル、C2〜20アルケニル、C2〜20アルキニル、(A)qR11、C(O)H、C(O)C1〜10アルキル、C(O)C2〜10アルケニル、C(O)C2〜10アルキニル、C(O)-アリール、C(O)(A)qR11、C(O)2H、C(O)2C1〜10アルキル、C(O)2C2〜10アルケニル、C(O)2C2〜10アルキニル、C(O)2-アリール、C(O)2(A)qR11、C(S)H、C(S)C1〜10アルキル、C(S)C2〜l0アルケニル、C(S)C2〜10アルキニル、C(S)-アリール、C(S)(A)qR11、C(S)OH、C(S)OC1〜10アルキル、C(S)OC2〜10アルケニル、C(S)OC2〜10アルキニル、C(S)O-アリール、C(S)O(A)qR11、S(O)tH、S(O)tC1〜10アルキル、S(O)tC2〜10アルケニル、S(O)tC2〜10アルキニル、S(O)t-アリール、S(O)t(A)qR11、[C(O)CH(R14)NH]s-H、[C(O)CH(R14)NH]s-C1〜10アルキル、[C(O)CH(R14)NH]s-C2〜10アルケニル、[C(O)CH(R14)NH]s-C2〜10アルキニル、[C(O)CH(R14)NH]s-アリール、[C(O)CH(R14)NH]s-(A)qR11および[糖]sから選択され;
各R8は、R7およびNHC(=NR15)NH2から独立に選択され;
R9は、水素およびC1〜6アルキルから選択され;
R10は、C1〜6アルキル、NH2、NH(C1〜3アルキル)、N(C1〜3アルキル)2、OH、OC1〜3アルキル、SHおよびSCl〜3アルキルから選択され;
R11は、OH、OC1〜6アルキル、OC1〜3アルキル-O-C1〜3アルキル、O-アリール、O-ヘテロシクリル、O[C(O)CH(R14)NH]sH、[糖]s、SH、SC1〜6アルキル、SC1〜3アルキル-O-C1〜3アルキル、S-アリール、S-ヘテロシクリル、S[C(O)CH(R14)NH]sH、ハロ、N(R15)2、C(O)R16、CN、C(R17)3、アリールおよびヘテロシクリルから選択され;
R12は、OH、SH、NH2、ハロ、NO2、C(R17)3、OC(R17)3およびCNから選択され;
各R13は、水素、C1〜6アルキル、C2〜6アルケニル、C2〜6アルキニルおよび(A)qR11から独立して選択され;
R14は、アミノ酸の特性基であり;
各R15は、水素、C1〜6アルキル、C1〜3アルコキシC1〜3アルキル、アリールおよびヘテロシクリルから独立に選択され;
R16は、C1〜3アルキル、OH、C1〜3アルコキシ、アリール、アリールオキシ、ヘテロシクリルおよびヘテロシクリルオキシから選択され;
各R17は、水素およびハロゲンから独立に選択され;
Aは、場合により置換されているメチレンであり、n>1の場合、任意の2つの隣接するA基が、-0-、-S-または-N(R15)-によって場合により割り込まれており;
nは、0または1乃至20から選択された整数であり;
mは、0または1乃至3から選択された整数であり;
pは、1乃至20から選択された整数であり;
qは、1乃至10から選択された整数であり;
sは、1乃至5から選択された整数であり;
tは、1または2から選択された整数であり;
各アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アリールおよびヘテロシクリルは、場合によって置換されていてもよい。
リウマチ性疾患(慢性関節リウマチ、変形性関節症、乾癬性関節炎を含むがこれらだけに限定されない)、脊椎関節症(硬直性脊椎炎、反応性関節炎、ライター症候群を含むがこれらだけに限定されない)、結晶性関節症(痛風、偽痛風、カルシウムピロリン酸沈着症を含むがこれらだけに限定されない)、ライム病、リウマチ性多発性筋痛;
結合組織病(全身性紅斑性狼瘡、全身性硬化症、多発性筋炎、皮膚筋炎、シェーグレン症候群を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);
血管炎(結節性多発性動脈炎、ヴェグナー肉芽腫症、チャーグストラウス症候群を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);
トラウマまたは虚血の影響、サルコイドーシスを含む炎症状態;
アテローム硬化性血管疾患、アテローム性動脈硬化症、および血管閉塞性疾患(アテローム性動脈硬化症、虚血性心疾患、心筋梗塞、脳卒中、抹消血管障害を含むがこれらだけに限定されない)を含む血管疾患、ならびに血管ステント再狭窄;
ブドウ膜炎、角膜疾患、虹彩炎、虹彩毛様体炎、白内障を含む眼疾患;
自己免疫疾患(真性糖尿病、甲状腺炎、重症筋無力症、硬化性胆管炎、原発性胆汁性肝硬変を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);
肺疾患(びまん性間質性肺炎、塵肺、線維化性肺胞炎、喘息、気管支炎、気管支拡張症、慢性閉塞性肺疾患、成人呼吸窮迫症候群を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);
原発性または転移性いずれかの癌(前立腺癌、大腸癌、リンパ腫、肺癌、メラノーマ、多発性骨髄腫、乳癌、胃癌、白血病、子宮頸癌および転移性癌を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);
糸球体腎炎、間質性腎炎を含む腎疾患;
視床下部下垂体副腎系の異常;
多発性硬化症、アルツハイマー病を含む神経系疾患;
変性された血管形成により特徴づけられた疾患(例えば、糖尿病性網膜症、関節リウマチ、癌)、子宮内膜機能(月経、着床、子宮内膜症);
内毒素性(敗血症性)ショック、外毒素性(敗血症性)ショック、感染性(真の敗血症性)ショック、マラリア合併症、その他の感染症の合併症を含む伝染性疾患の合併症、骨盤内炎症性疾患;
移植片拒絶反応、移植片対宿主疾患;
アレルギー反応、アトピー性疾患、アレルギー性鼻炎を含むアレルギー性疾患;
骨疾患(例えば、骨粗鬆症、パジェット病);
乾癬、アトピー性皮膚炎、UV(B)誘発真皮細胞活性化(例えば、日焼け、皮膚癌)を含む皮膚疾患;
真性糖尿病、疼痛、睾丸機能障害および創傷治癒の合併症;
炎症性大腸炎(潰瘍性大腸炎、クローン病を含むがこれらだけに限定されない)、胃潰瘍、胃炎、食道炎、肝疾患(肝硬変、肝炎を含むがこれらだけに限定されない)を含む胃腸疾患;
を含む群から選択される。
式(I)の化合物および第2の治療薬を哺乳動物に投与すること、を含む方法を提供する。
グルココルチコイドおよび式(I)の化合物を哺乳動物に投与すること、を含む方法を提供する。
グルココルチコイドおよび式(I)の化合物を哺乳動物に投与すること、を含む方法を提供する。
本明細書において使用する「アルキル」という用語は、1から3個、1から6個、1から10個または1から20個の炭素原子を有する一価の直鎖、枝分かれ、または適切な場合は環状脂肪族基、例えば、メチル、エチル、n-プロピル、イソプロピル、シクロプロピル、n-ブチル、sec-ブチル、t-ブチルおよびシクロブチル、n-ペンチル、1-メチルブチル、2-メチルブチル、3-メチルブチル、シクロペンチル、n-ヘキシル、1-、2-、3-または4-メチルペンチル、1-、2-または3-エチルブチル、1または2-プロピルプロピルまたはシクロヘキシルを指す。
YおよびY'は、-C(R5)2-、-O-、-S-、-N(R5)-から独立に選択されるか、または一緒になって、-C(R5)=C(R5)-、-C(R5)=N-、-N=C(R5)-、-N(R5)-N(R5)-または-N=N-を形成し;
Zは、-C(R5)2-、-O-、-S-または-N(R5)-であるか、あるいはX'とY'の間の共有単結合または二重結合を形成し、あるいはZは、X'またはY'と共に-C(R5)=C(R5)-、-C(R5)=N-、-N=C(R5)-、-N(R5)-N(R5)-または-N=N-を形成し;
ここで、Zが、-O-、-S-または-N(R5)-である場合、X'およびY'は、-C(R5)2-であり;
Xが、-O-、-S-または-N(R5)-である場合、X'は、-C(R5)2-であり;
Yが、-O-、-S-または-N(R5)-である場合、Y'は、-C(R5)2であり;あるいは
XまたはYは、フェニル基を有する炭素原子と共に二重結合を形成し、ここで、二重結合の一部を形成するXまたはYはいずれであっても-C(R5)-および-N-から選択され;
R1は、水素、C1〜20アルキル、C2〜20アルケニル、C2〜20アルキニル、(A)nC(O)R6、(A)nC(S)R6、(A)nS(O)R6、(A)nS(O)2R6、(A)nOR7、(A)nSR7、(A)nN(R8)、(A)nC(=NR9)R10および(A)nR11、あるいはXまたはYがフェニル基を有する炭素原子と共に二重結合を形成している場合、R1は、存在せず;
R2およびR4は、水素、C1〜3アルキルおよび(A)mR12から独立に選択され;
R3は、C1〜3アルキル、(A)mR12、(A)mアリールおよび(A)mヘテロシクリルから選択され;
R5は、水素、C1〜20アルキル、C2〜20アルケニル、C2〜20アルキニル、(A)nC(O)R6、(A)nC(S)R6、(A)nS(O)R6、(A)nS(O)2R6、(A)nОR7、(A)nSR7、(A)pN(R8)、(A)nC(=NR9)R10および(A)nR11から選択され;
R6は、水素、C1〜20アルキル、C2〜20アルケニル、C2〜20アルキニル、OH、OC1〜10アルキル、OC2〜10アルケニル、OC2〜10アルキニル、O(A)qR11、SH、SC1〜10アルキル、SC2〜10アルケニル、SC2〜10アルキニル、S(A)qR11、N(Rl3)2、[NH-CH(R14)C(O)]s-OH、[NH-CH(R14)C(O)]s-OC1〜3アルキル、[糖]s、および(A)qR11から選択され;
R7は、水素、C1〜20アルキル、C2〜20アルケニル、C2〜20アルキニル、(A)qR11、C(O)H、C(O)C1〜10アルキル、C(O)C2〜10アルケニル、C(O)C2〜10アルキニル、C(O)-アリール、C(O)(A)qR11、C(O)2H、C(O)2C1〜10アルキル、C(O)2C2〜10アルケニル、C(O)2C2〜10アルキニル、C(O)2-アリール、C(O)2(A)qR11、C(S)H、C(S)C1〜10アルキル、C(S)C2〜l0アルケニル、C(S)C2〜10アルキニル、C(S)-アリール、C(S)(A)qR11、C(S)OH、C(S)OC1〜10アルキル、C(S)OC2〜10アルケニル、C(S)OC2〜10アルキニル、C(S)O-アリール、C(S)O(A)qR11、S(O)tH、S(O)tC1〜10アルキル、S(O)tC2〜10アルケニル、S(O)tC2〜10アルキニル、S(O)t-アリール、S(O)t(A)qR11、[C(O)CH(R14)NH]s-H、[C(O)CH(R14)NH]s-C1〜10アルキル、[C(O)CH(R14)NH]s-C2〜10アルケニル、[C(O)CH(R14)NH]s-C2〜10アルキニル、[C(O)CH(R14)NH]s-アリール、[C(O)CH(R14)NH]s-(A)qR11および[糖]sから選択され;
各R8は、R7およびNHC(=NR15)NH2から独立に選択され;
R9は、水素およびC1〜6アルキルから選択され;
R10は、C1〜6アルキル、NH2、NH(C1〜3アルキル)、N(C1〜3アルキル)2、OH、OC1〜3アルキル、SHおよびSCl〜3アルキルから選択され;
R11は、OH、OC1〜6アルキル、OC1〜3アルキル-O-C1〜3アルキル、O-アリール、O-ヘテロシクリル、O[C(O)CH(R14)NH]sH、[糖]s、SH、SC1〜6アルキル、SC1〜3アルキル-O-C1〜3アルキル、S-アリール、S-ヘテロシクリル、S[C(O)CH(R14)NH]sH、ハロ、N(R15)2、C(O)R16、CN、C(R17)3、アリールおよびヘテロシクリルから選択され;
R12は、OH、SH、NH2、ハロ、NO2、C(R17)3、OC(R17)3およびCNから選択され;
各R13は、水素、C1〜6アルキル、C2〜6アルケニル、C2〜6アルキニルおよび(A)qR11から独立して選択され;
R14は、アミノ酸の特性基であり;
各R15は、水素、C1〜6アルキル、C1〜3アルコキシC1〜3アルキル、アリールおよびヘテロシクリルから独立に選択され;
R16は、C1〜3アルキル、OH、C1〜3アルコキシ、アリール、アリールオキシ、ヘテロシクリルおよびヘテロシクリルオキシから選択され;
各R17は、水素およびハロゲンから独立に選択され;
Aは、場合により置換されているメチレンであり、n>1の場合、任意の2つの隣接するA基が、-0-、-S-または-N(R15)-によって場合により割り込まれており;
nは、0または1乃至20から選択された整数であり;
mは、0または1乃至3から選択された整数であり;
pは、1乃至20から選択された整数であり;
qは、1乃至10から選択された整数であり;
sは、1乃至5から選択された整数であり;
tは、1または2から選択された整数であり;
各アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アリールおよびヘテロシクリルは、場合によって置換されていてもよい。
Zは、-C(R5)2であるかまたは隣接するメチレン基の間の共有結合であり;
R1は、水素、C1〜20アルキル、C2〜20アルケニル、C2〜20アルキニル、(A)nC(O)R6、(A)nC(S)R6、(A)nS(O)R6、(A)nS(O)2R6、(A)nOR7、(A)nSR7、(A)nN(R8)、(A)nC(=NR9)R10および(A)nR11から選択され;
R2およびR4は、水素、C1〜3アルキルおよび(A)mR12から独立に選択され;
R3は、C1〜3アルキル、(A)mR12、(A)mアリールおよび(A)mヘテロシクリルから選択され;
R5は、水素、C1〜20アルキル、C2〜20アルケニル、C2〜20アルキニル、(A)nC(O)R6、(A)nC(S)R6、(A)nS(O)R6、(A)nS(O)2R6、(A)nОR7、(A)nSR7、(A)pN(R8)、(A)nC(=NR9)R10および(A)nR11から選択され;
R6は、水素、C1〜20アルキル、C2〜20アルケニル、C2〜20アルキニル、OH、OC1〜10アルキル、OC2〜10アルケニル、OC2〜10アルキニル、O(A)qR11、SH、SC1〜10アルキル、SC2〜10アルケニル、SC2〜10アルキニル、S(A)qR11、N(Rl3)2、[NH-CH(R14)C(O)]s-OH、[NH-CH(R14)C(O)]s-OC1〜3アルキル、[糖]s、および(A)qR11から選択され;
R7は、水素、C1〜20アルキル、C2〜20アルケニル、C2〜20アルキニル、(A)qR11、C(O)H、C(O)C1〜10アルキル、C(O)C2〜10アルケニル、C(O)C2〜10アルキニル、C(O)-アリール、C(O)(A)qR11、C(O)2H、C(O)2C1〜10アルキル、C(O)2C2〜10アルケニル、C(O)2C2〜10アルキニル、C(O)2-アリール、C(O)2(A)qR11、C(S)H、C(S)C1〜10アルキル、C(S)C2〜l0アルケニル、C(S)C2〜10アルキニル、C(S)-アリール、C(S)(A)qR11、C(S)OH、C(S)OC1〜10アルキル、C(S)OC2〜10アルケニル、C(S)OC2〜10アルキニル、C(S)O-アリール、C(S)O(A)qR11、S(O)tH、S(O)tC1〜10アルキル、S(O)tC2〜10アルケニル、S(O)tC2〜10アルキニル、S(O)t-アリール、S(O)t(A)qR11、[C(O)CH(R14)NH]s-H、[C(O)CH(R14)NH]s-C1〜10アルキル、[C(O)CH(R14)NH]s-C2〜10アルケニル、[C(O)CH(R14)NH]s-C2〜10アルキニル、[C(O)CH(R14)NH]s-アリール、[C(O)CH(R14)NH]s-(A)qR11および[糖]sから選択され;
各R8は、R7およびNHC(=NR15)NH2から独立に選択され;
R9は、水素およびC1〜6アルキルから選択され;
R10は、C1〜6アルキル、NH2、NH(C1〜3アルキル)、N(C1〜3アルキル)2、OH、OC1〜3アルキル、SHおよびSCl〜3アルキルから選択され;
R11は、OH、OC1〜6アルキル、OC1〜3アルキル-O-C1〜3アルキル、O-アリール、O-ヘテロシクリル、O[C(O)CH(R14)NH]sH、[糖]s、SH、SC1〜6アルキル、SC1〜3アルキル-O-C1〜3アルキル、S-アリール、S-ヘテロシクリル、S[C(O)CH(R14)NH]sH、ハロ、N(R15)2、C(O)R16、CN、C(R17)3、アリールおよびヘテロシクリルから選択され;
R12は、OH、SH、NH2、ハロ、NO2、C(R17)3、OC(R17)3およびCNから選択され;
各R13は、水素、C1〜6アルキル、C2〜6アルケニル、C2〜6アルキニルおよび(A)qR11から独立して選択され;
R14は、アミノ酸の特性基であり;
各R15は、水素、C1〜6アルキル、C1〜3、アルコキシC1〜3アルキル、アリールおよびヘテロシクリルから独立に選択され;
R16は、C1〜3アルキル、OH、C1〜3アルコキシ、アリール、アリールオキシ、ヘテロシクリルおよびヘテロシクリルオキシから選択され;
各R17は、水素およびハロゲンから独立に選択され;
Aは、場合により置換されているメチレンであり、n>1の場合、任意の2つの隣接するA基が、-0-、-S-または-N(R15)-によって場合により割り込まれており;
nは、0または1乃至20から選択された整数であり;
mは、0または1乃至3から選択された整数であり;
pは、1乃至20から選択された整数であり;
qは、1乃至10から選択された整数であり;
sは、1乃至5から選択された整数であり;
tは、1または2から選択された整数であり;
各アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アリールおよびヘテロシクリルは、場合によって置換されていてもよい。
Xは、-O-、-S-、-NH-または-CH2-であり;
Yは、-O-、-S-または-NR5-であり;
Zは、隣接するメチレン基の間の共有結合を形成しており;
R1は、C1〜20アルキル、C1〜20アルケニル、O-(A)qO-C1〜6アルキル、O-(A)q-ヘテロシクリル、O(A)q-糖、O-(A)qO[C(O)CH(R14)NH]s-H、(A)nOH、(A)nOC1〜20アルキル、(A)nOC1〜20アルケニル、(A)nOC(O)C1〜20アルキル、(A)nOC(O)C1〜20アルケニル、(A)nOC(O)アリール、(A)nO[C(O)CH(R14)NH]s-H、(A)nO[糖]s、(A)nNHC1〜20アルキル、(A)nN(C1〜20アルキル)2、(A)nNHC1〜20アルケニル、(A)nN(C1〜20アルケニル)2、(A)nNHC(O)C1〜20アルキル、(A)nNHC(O)C1〜20アルケニル、(A)nNHC(O)アリール、(A)nNH[C(O)CH(R14)NH]s-H、(A)nNH-[糖]s、(A)nSO3H、(A)nSO3C1〜20アルキル、(A)nSO3C1〜20アルケニル、(A)nC(O)C1〜20アルキル、(A)nC(O)C1〜20アルケニル、(A)nCO2H、(A)nCO2C1〜20アルキル、(A)nCO2C1〜20アルケニル、(A)nC(O)NHC1〜20アルキル、(A)nC(O)N(C1〜20アルキル)2、(A)nC(O)NHC1〜20アルケニル、(A)nC(O)N(C1〜20アルケニル)2、(A)nC(O)[NHCH(R14)C(O)]s-OH、(A)nC(O)[糖]sから選択され、式中Aは、Cl〜6アルキル、C2〜6アルケニル、C2〜6アルキニル、ハロゲン、OH、OC1〜6アルキル、CO2H、CO2C1〜3アルキル、NH2、NHC1〜3アルキル、-N(C1〜3アルキル)2、CN、NO2、アリールまたはヘテロシクリルから独立に選択される基によって1または2回場合により置換されたメチレンであり、R14は、アミノ酸の特性基であり、nは、0または1乃至20の整数であり、sは、1乃至5の整数であり;
R2は、水素、C1〜3アルキル、OH、SH、NH2、-NO2、CF3、ハロまたは-CNであり;
R3は、水素、C1〜C3アルキル、-(CH2)mNH2、-(CH2)m-OH、-(CH2)m-CF3、-(CH2)m-SH、または5もしくは6員複素環基であり、mは、0または1乃至3の整数であり;
R4は、水素、C1〜3アルキル、OH、SH、NH2、NO2、CF3、ハロまたはCNであり;
Aは、非置換メチレンまたは一置換メチレンである。
Xが、-O-、-S-、-NH-であり;
Yが、-O-、-S-または-N(R5)-であり;
Zが、隣接するメチレン基の間の共有結合を形成しており;
R1が、C1〜20アルキル、C2〜20アルケニル、C2〜20アルキニル、(A)nC(O)R6、-(A)nC(S)R6、-(A)nS(O)R6、-(A)nS(O)2R6、-(A)nOR7、-(A)nSR7、-(A)nN(R8)2、(A)nC(=NR9)R10または(A)nR11(式中、n、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10およびR11は、上記定義のものである)であり;
R2が、水素、メチル、OH、OCH3、SH、NH2、NO2、CF3、ハロまたはCNであり;
R3が、C1〜3アルキル、-(CH2)mNH2、-(CH2)m-OH、-(CH2)mSHまたはヘテロシクリル(mは、上記定義のものである)であり;
R4が、水素、メチル、OH、OCH3、SH、NH2、NO2、CF3、CF3、ハロまたはCNである。
Xが、-O-、または-NH-であり;
Yが、-O-または-N(R18)-(R18は、水素、C1〜20アルキル、C1〜20アルケニル、C1〜20アルケニル、C1〜20アルキニル、および(CH2)nR11(R11およびnは上記定義のものである)から選択される)であり;
Zが、隣接するメチレン基の間の共有結合を形成しており;
R1が、上でR1に対して定義したものであり;
R2が、水素、ハロメチル、OH、OCH3、SH、NH2、NO2またはCNであり;
R3が、水素、C1〜3アルキル、(CH2)mNH2、(CH2)mOHもしくは(CH2)mCF3またはヘテロシクリル(mは、上記定義のものである)であり;
R4が、水素、メチル、OH、OCH3、SH、NH2、NO2またはCNである。
Xが、-O-または-NH-であり;
Yが、-O-または-N(R18)-であり(R18は、上記定義のものである);
R1が、上記定義のものであり;
R3が、水素、NH2、OHであり;
R4が、水素、メチル、OCH3、またはOHである。
リウマチ性疾患(関節リウマチ、変形性関節症、乾癬性関節炎を含むがこれらだけに限定されない)、脊椎関節症(硬直性脊椎炎、反応性関節炎、ライター症候群を含むがこれらだけに限定されない)、結晶性関節症(痛風、偽痛風、カルシウムピロリン酸沈着症を含むがこれらだけに限定されない)、ライム病、リウマチ性多発性筋痛;
結合組織病(全身性紅斑性狼瘡、全身性硬化症、多発性筋炎、皮膚筋炎、シェーグレン症候群を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);
血管炎(結節性多発性動脈炎、ヴェグナー肉芽腫症、チャーグストラウス症候群を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);
外傷または虚血の影響、サルコイドーシスを含む炎症状態;
アテローム硬化性血管疾患、アテローム性動脈硬化症、および血管閉塞性疾患(アテローム性動脈硬化症、虚血性心疾患、心筋梗塞、脳卒中、抹消血管障害を含むがこれらだけに限定されない)を含む血管疾患、ならびに血管ステント再狭窄;
ブドウ膜炎、角膜疾患、虹彩炎、虹彩毛様体炎、白内障を含む眼疾患;
自己免疫疾患(真性糖尿病、甲状腺炎、重症筋無力症、硬化性胆管炎、原発性胆汁性肝硬変を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);
肺疾患(びまん性間質性肺炎、塵肺、線維化性肺胞炎、喘息、気管支炎、気管支拡張症、慢性閉塞性肺疾患、成人呼吸窮迫症候群を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);
原発性または転移性いずれかの癌(前立腺癌、大腸癌、リンパ腫、肺癌、メラノーマ、多発性骨髄腫、乳癌、胃癌、白血病、子宮頸癌および転移性癌を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);
糸球体腎炎、間質性腎炎を含む腎疾患;
視床下部下垂体副腎系の異常;
多発性硬化症、アルツハイマー病を含む神経系疾患;
変性された血管形成により特徴づけられた疾患(例えば、糖尿病性網膜症、関節リウマチ、癌)、子宮内膜機能(月経、着床、子宮内膜症);
内毒素性(敗血症性)ショック、外毒素性(敗血症性)ショック、感染性(真の敗血症性)ショック、マラリア合併症、その他の感染症の合併症を含む伝染性疾患の合併症、骨盤内炎症性疾患;
移植片拒絶反応、移植片対宿主疾患;
アレルギー反応、アトピー性疾患、アレルギー性鼻炎を含むアレルギー性疾患;
骨疾患(例えば、骨粗鬆症、パジェット病);
乾癬、アトピー性皮膚炎、UV(B)誘発真皮細胞活性化(例えば、日焼け、皮膚癌)を含む皮膚疾患;
真性糖尿病、疼痛、睾丸機能障害および創傷治癒の合併症;
炎症性大腸炎(潰瘍性大腸炎、クローン病を含むがこれらだけに限定されない)、胃潰瘍、胃炎、食道炎、肝疾患(肝硬変、肝炎を含むがこれらだけに限定されない)を含む胃腸疾患が含まれる。
抗リウマチ薬(メトトレキサート、レフルノミド、スルファサラジン、ヒドロキシクロロキン、金塩を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);免疫抑制薬(サイクロスポリン、ミコフェニレートモフェチル、アザチオプリン、シクロホスファミドを含むがこれらだけに限定されない);抗サイトカイン療法(病理学的状態と関連して見出すことができる腫瘍壊死因子の、インターロイキン1、インターロイキン3、インターロイキン5、インターロイキン6、インターロイキン8、インターロイキン12、インターロイキン18、インターロイキン17およびその他のプロ炎症性サイトカインの、拮抗薬、抗体、それに対する結合タンパク質、またはそれに対する可溶性受容体を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);マイトジェン活性化タンパク質(MAP)キナーゼの拮抗剤または抑制剤(細胞外シグナル調節キナーゼ(ERK)、c-Jun N-末端キナーゼ/ストレス活性化タンパク質キナーゼ(JNK/SAPK)、およびp38 MAPキナーゼ、ならびにMAPキナーゼによる細胞活性化において含まれるその他のキナーゼもしくは酵素もしくはタンパク質の拮抗薬または抑制剤を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);核因子κ-B(NF-B)信号変換経路の拮抗薬または抑制剤(I-B-キナーゼ、インターロイキンレセプター活性化キナーゼ、およびNF-Bによる細胞活性化において含まれるその他のキナーゼもしくは酵素もしくはタンパク質の拮抗薬または抑制剤を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);抗体、タンパク質治療、または接着分子および共刺激分子と相互作用させる小分子治療(細胞間接着分子-1、CD40、CD40リガンド、CD28、CD4、CD-3、P-セレクチンまたはE-セレクチン等のセレクチンに向けられた治療薬を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);ε-アドレナリン受容体拮抗薬または抗コリン作用薬等の気管支拡張剤;非ステロイド系抗炎症剤、シクロオキシゲナーゼ2阻害剤、トロンボキサン阻害剤、またはリポキシゲナーゼ阻害剤等のエイコサノイド合成経路の拮抗薬;白血球表層抗原に向けられた抗体またはその他の薬剤(CD3、CD4、CD5、CD19、CD20、HLA分子に向けられた抗体またはその他の薬剤を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);炎症性腸疾患の治療に使用される薬剤(スルファサラジン、メサラジン、サリチル酸誘導体を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);抗癌剤(細胞毒性薬、細胞溶解薬、モノクローナル抗体を含むがこれらだけに限定されない)。
式(I)の化合物および第2の治療薬を哺乳動物に投与することを含む方法を提供する。
リウマチ性疾患(関節リウマチ、変形性関節症、乾癬性関節炎を含むがこれらだけに限定されない)、脊椎関節症(硬直性脊椎炎、反応性関節炎、ライター症候群を含むがこれらだけに限定されない)、結晶性関節症(痛風、偽痛風、カルシウムピロリン酸沈着症を含むがこれらだけに限定されない)、ライム病、リウマチ性多発性筋痛;
結合組織病(全身性紅斑性狼瘡、全身性硬化症、多発性筋炎、皮膚筋炎、シェーグレン症候群を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);
血管炎(結節性多発性動脈炎、ヴェグナー肉芽腫症、チャーグストラウス症候群を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);
外傷または虚血の影響、サルコイドーシスを含む炎症状態;
アテローム硬化性血管疾患、アテローム性動脈硬化症、および血管閉塞性疾患(アテローム性動脈硬化症、虚血性心疾患、心筋梗塞、脳卒中、抹消血管障害を含むがこれらだけに限定されない)を含む血管疾患、ならびに血管ステント再狭窄;
ブドウ膜炎、角膜疾患、虹彩炎、虹彩毛様体炎、白内障を含む眼疾患;
自己免疫疾患(真性糖尿病、甲状腺炎、重症筋無力症、硬化性胆管炎、原発性胆汁性肝硬変を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);
肺疾患(びまん性間質性肺炎、塵肺、線維化性肺胞炎、喘息、気管支炎、気管支拡張症、慢性閉塞性肺疾患、成人呼吸窮迫症候群を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);
原発性または転移性いずれかの癌(前立腺癌、大腸癌、リンパ腫、肺癌、メラノーマ、多発性骨髄腫、乳癌、胃癌、白血病、子宮頸癌および転移性癌を含むがこれらだけに限定されない);
糸球体腎炎、間質性腎炎を含む腎疾患;
視床下部下垂体副腎系の異常;
多発性硬化症、アルツハイマー病を含む神経系疾患;
変性された血管形成により特徴づけられた疾患(例えば、糖尿病性網膜症、関節リウマチ、癌)、子宮内膜機能(月経、着床、子宮内膜症);
内毒素性(敗血症性)ショック、外毒素性(敗血症性)ショック、感染性(真の敗血症性)ショック、マラリア合併症、その他の感染症の合併症を含む伝染性疾患の合併症、骨盤内炎症性疾患;
移植片拒絶反応、移植片対宿主疾患;
アレルギー反応、アトピー性疾患、アレルギー性鼻炎を含むアレルギー性疾患;
骨疾患(例えば、骨粗鬆症、パジェット病);
乾癬、アトピー性皮膚炎、UV(B)誘発真皮細胞活性化(例えば、日焼け、皮膚癌)を含む皮膚疾患;
真性糖尿病、疼痛、睾丸機能障害および創傷治癒の合併症;
炎症性大腸炎(潰瘍性大腸炎、クローン病を含むがこれらだけに限定されない)、胃潰瘍、胃炎、食道炎、肝疾患(肝硬変、肝炎を含むがこれらだけに限定されない)を含む胃腸疾患。
経口投与、外用(例えば、水性および非水性溶液または懸濁液を含む飲薬)、錠剤、丸薬、粉末、顆粒、飼料と混合するためのペレット、舌に塗布するためのペースト;
非経口的投与、例えば、無菌溶液または懸濁液としての、皮下、筋肉内または静脈注射;および
局所適用、例えば、クリーム、軟膏、ゲル、ローション、その他
に対して適合させたものが挙げられる。
(i)少なくとも1つの式(I)の化合物を含有する貯蔵器;および
(ii)その貯蔵器から前記抑制剤を放出または溶離する手段
を含む埋め込み型装置、好ましくはステント、を提供する。
(実施例1)
2-(2-ヒドロキシエトキシ)-2-(4-ヒドロキシ-3-メチルフェニル)-1,3-ジオキソラン(化合物(Compound)1)の調製
1H NMR (CDCl3): 2.21 (s, 3H)、3.62 (t, 2H, J = 4.5Hz)、3.70 (t, 2H, J = 4.2Hz)、3.81 (t, 2H, J = 4.7Hz)、4.42 (t, 2H, J = 4.7Hz)、6.74 (d, 1H, J = 8.4Hz)、7.21 (d, 1H, J = 8.4Hz)および7.78 (s, 1H)。MS: m/ e 263 (M+ + Na)、179 (M+ - OCH2CH2OH)、147、135、118および107。
13C NMR (CDCl3): 15.7、61.1、63.5、69.1、72.4、114.0、120.5、124.5、128.4、135.6、159.8および167.1。
2-(2-ヒドロキシエトキシ)-2-(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-1,3-ジオキソラン(化合物(Compound)2)の調製
1H NMR (CDCl3): 7.88 (d, 2H, 2×ArCH, J 8.7Hz)、7.49 (bs, 1H, フェノール性ヒドロキシル)、6.82 (d, 2H, 2×ArCH, J 8.7Hz)、4.46、3.84 (2×appt, 2×2H, 2×エトキシ CH2, Jvic 4.5Hz)、3.74 (m, 2H, ジオキソラン CH2)、3.66 (appt, 2H, ジオキソラン CH2, Jvic 4.8Hz);
LRMS (ESI): m/z 227 [M+H+]; C11H14O5: 226.23
2-(2-ヒドロキシエトキシ)-2-(3-ブロモ-4-ヒドロキシ-5-メチルフェニル)-1,3-ジオキソラン(化合物(Compound)3)の調製
1H NMR (CDCl3): 2.32 (s, 3H)、3.65 (t, 2H, J = 4.4Hz)、3.74 (t, 2H, J = 4.3Hz)、3.83 (t, 2H, J = 4.7Hz)、4.46 (t, 2H, J = 4.8Hz)、7.80 (s, 1H)および8.02 (s, 1H)。
2-(4-ブロモフェニル)-1,3-チアゾラン(化合物(Compound)4)の調製
2-(4-メトキシフェニル)-1,3-チアゾラン(化合物(Compound)5)の調製
4-(1,3-チアゾリジン-2-イル)ベンゾニトリル(化合物(Compound)6)の調製
2-(4-ヒドロキシ-3-メトキシフェニル)-1,3-チアゾラン(化合物(Compound)7)の調製
2-(3,4-ジメトキシフェニル)-1,3-チアゾラン(化合物(Compound)8)の調製
メチル4-[2-(4-フルオロフェニル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-イル]ブタノエート(化合物(Compound)9)の調製
5-(4-フルオロフェニル)-5-オキソペンタン酸(3.0g、14.3mmol)の乾燥MeOH(50ml)溶液に、濃硫酸(50mg)を加え、その混合物を窒素下で16時間還流させた。MeOHの大部分をロータリーエバポレータで除去し、その残留物を重炭酸ナトリウム溶液(5%、100ml)で処理し、酢酸エチル(3×50ml)により抽出した。有機抽出物を水(1×100ml)、食塩水(1×100ml)で洗浄し、乾燥(Na2SO4)し、蒸発させて白色結晶固体としてメチル5-(4-フルオロフェニル)-5-オキソペンタノエートを得た。
5-(4-フルオロフェニル)-5-オキソペンタノエート(2.26g、10mmol)のトルエン(60ml)溶液に、エチレングリコール(1.95ml、35mmol)およびp-トルエンスルホン酸一水和物(60mg、0.32mmol)を加え、その混合物を、窒素下でディーン-スターク装置で17時間還流させた。トルエンをロータリーエバポレータで除去し、その残留物を重炭酸ナトリウム溶液(5%、50ml)で処理し、エーテル(2×50ml)により抽出した。エーテル抽出物を食塩水(1×50ml)で洗浄し、乾燥(Na2SO4)し、蒸発させて淡黄色の油状物であるメチル4-[2-(4-フルオロフェニル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-イル]ブタノエート(9)(2.47g、91%)を得た。1H nmr (CDCl3, 300MHz) 1.6〜1.7、m、H3; 1.9、m、H4; 2.30、t (7.5Hz)、H2; 3.64、s、OMe; 3.7〜3.8、m、CH2O; 3.95〜4.05、m、CH2O; 7.01、m、H3'、5'; 7.41、m、H2'、6'。ESI (+ve) MS m/z 269 (M+H, 45%)。
4-[2-(4-フルオロフェニル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-イル]ブタン-1-オール(化合物(Compound)10)の調製
2-(4'-ブロモフェニル)-2-ブチル-1,3-ジオキソラン(化合物(Compound)11)の調製
4-(4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(3-メチルブチル)-1H-ピラゾール(化合物(Compound)12)の調製
1-(3-メチルブチル)-4-(4-メチルフェニル)-IH-ピラゾール(化合物(Compound)13)の調製
2,6-ジメトキシ-3-[4-(トリフルオロメトキシ)フェニル]ピリジン(化合物(Compound)14)の調製
2-[4-(2-チエニル)フェニル]-1,3-チアゾラン(化合物(Compound)15)の調製
2-エチル-2-(4-メトキシフェニル)-1,3-ジオキソラン(化合物(Compound)16)の調製
4'-ヒドロキシプロピオフェノン(1.0g、6.67mmol)のアセトニトリル(50.0mL)溶液に、炭酸カリウム(7.17g、66.7mmol)を加え、その混合物を加熱して90分間還流させた。この時間の後、反応混合物を室温まで冷却させ、硫酸ジメチル(1.05mL、11.1mmol)を加え、その反応混合物を加熱してさらに19時間還流させた。冷却後、アセトニトリルを減圧下で蒸発させ、その残留物を水中に取り、ジクロロメタンで抽出した。そのジクロロメタン抽出液を乾燥(MgSO4)し、減圧下で蒸発させて黄色油状物として4'-メトキシプロピオフェノン(970mg、89%)を得た。1H nmr (d6-DMSO, 300MHz) 1.06、t (7.2Hz)、CH3; 2.95、q (7.2Hz)、CH2; 3.83、s、OMe; 7.02、d (6.9Hz)、H3'、5'; 7.93、d (6.9Hz)、H2'、6'。ESI (+ve) MS m/z 165 (M+H, 100%)。
4'-メトキシプロピオフェノン(250.0mg、1.52mmol)のトルエン(20.0mL)溶液に、エチレングリコール(255.0μL、4.57mmol)およびp-トルエンスルホン酸一水和物(13.0mg、0.04mmol)を加え、その反応混合物を、ディーン-スターク装置を用いて一晩還流させた。その反応混合物を室温まで冷却し、次いで、重炭酸ナトリウム飽和水溶液で、続いて水で洗浄した。そのトルエン溶液を次いで乾燥(MgSO4)し、減圧下で蒸発させると黄色油状物として2-エチル-2-(4-メトキシフェニル)-1,3-ジオキソラン(16)(184mg、58%)が得られた。1H nmr (CDCl3, 300MHz) 0.76、t (6.6Hz)、CH3; 1.78、q (6.9Hz)、CH2; 3.65、m、CH2O、3.73、s、4'-OMe; 3.95、m、CH2O; 6.88、d (7.2Hz)、H3'、5'; 7.02、d、(7.5Hz)、H2'、6'。ESI (+ve) MS m/z 209 (M+H, 100%)。
2-ヘキシル-2-(4-メチルフェニル)-1,3-ジチオラン(化合物(Compound)17)の調製
(参照:Liang, X.、Bols, M. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans 1、2002年、503〜508頁)
氷水浴中および乾燥窒素雰囲気下で冷却されている無水ジエチルエーテル(40mL)中にマグネシウム粉末(987mg、40.6mmol)が拌されている懸濁液に、1-ヨードヘキサンを滴下して加えた。その添加に続いて、激しい発熱が起こり、その後に濁った懸濁液が生成した。室温で2時間撹拌を継続した後、0℃まで再冷却した。4-トルアルデヒド(1.21mL、10.2mmol、0.5当量)を、滴下して加え、その反応混合物を室温で2時間撹拌した後、飽和塩化アンモニウム水溶液(20mL)により注意深く失活させた。その2相の混合物を10分間撹拌し、有機相を分離し、水相をジエチルエーテルで2度抽出した。有機相を一緒にし、無水硫酸マグネシウム上で乾燥し、真空中で濃縮して無色の油状物を生成させ、それをヘキサン-酢酸エチル(4:1)で溶離するシリカゲルによるフラッシュクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、所望のベンジルアルコール(2.10g、100%)を得た。1H nmr (200MHz, CDCl3) 0.83〜1.79 (m, 13H, (CH2)5CH3)、2.34 (s, 3H, ArCH3)、4.61 (t, J = 3.8Hz, 2H, CHOH)、7.14 (d, J = 4.0Hz, 2H, 2×ArH)、7.23 (d, J = 4.2Hz, 2H, 2×ArH)。
無水ジクロロメタン(45mL)中のα-ヘキシル-4-メチル-ベンゼンメタノール(2.10g、10.2mmol)の撹拌溶液に、乾燥窒素雰囲気下、塩化クロム酸ピリジニウム(ピリジニウムクロロクロメート、3.08g、14.3mmol、1.4当量)を加えた。撹拌を室温で3時間続けると、その時間の後、薄層クロマトグラフィーによる分析で出発アルコールの完全な転化が示された。反応溶媒の蒸発に続いて、所望のケトン(1.929g、93%)をヘキサン-酢酸エチル(4:1)で溶離するシリカゲルによるフラッシュクロマトグラフィーにより単離した。1H nmr (200MHz, CDCl3) 0.86〜1.76 (m, 3H, (CH2)5CH3)、2.41 (s, 3H, ArCH3)、2.93 (t, J = 3.6Hz, 2H, COCH2)、7.25 (d, J = 4.2Hz, 2H, 2×ArH)、7.86 (d, J = 4.2Hz, 2H, 2×ArH)。
(参照:Banik等、Tetrahedron Lett.、42、2001年、4425〜4427頁)
無水テトラヒドロフラン(5.0mL)中の1-(4-メチルフェニル)-1-ヘプタノン(500mg、2.45mmol)および1,2-エタンジチオール(250μL、2.94mmol、1.2当量)の撹拌溶液に、乾燥窒素雰囲気下、ヨウ素(62mg、0.245mmol、0.10当量)を添加した。その反応混合物を室温で数日間撹拌すると、その時間の後、薄層クロマトグラフィーによる分析により、出発材料と、リンモリブデン酸に対して積極的に汚れをつける新たな極性のより小さい化合物との混合物が示された。溶媒を蒸発させると、強い臭気を発する粗製油状物を生じ、それをヘキサン-ジクロロメタン(2:1)で溶離するシリカゲルによるフラッシュクロマトグラフィーにより精製すると、無色油状物として所望のジチオラン(17、300mg、44%単離)が得られた。1H nmr (200MHz, CDCl3) 0.80〜0.86 (m, 3H, CH2CH3)、1.21〜1.29 [m, 10H, (CH2)5]、2.32 (s, 3H, ArCH3)、3.16〜3.41 (m, 4H, SCH2)、7.01 (d, J = 4.0Hz, 2H, 2×ArH)、7.56 (d, J = 4.1Hz, 2H, 2×ArH)。
2-メチル-2-(4-メチルフェニル)-1,3-ジチオラン(化合物(Compound)18)の調製
2-ヘキシル-2-(4-メチルフェニル)-1,3-ジオキソラン(化合物(Compound)19)の調製
2-(4-クロロフェニル)-2-メチル-1,3-ジオキサン(化合物(Compound)20)の調製
2-(4-クロロフェニル)-2-メチル-1,3-ジオキソラン(化合物(Compound)21)の調製
2-メチル-2-(4-メチルフェニル)-1,3-ジオキサン(化合物(Compound)22)
2-メチル-2-(4-メチルフェニル)-1,3-ジオキソラン(化合物(Compound)23)の調製
2-(4-クロロフェニル)-2-メチル-1,3-ジチオラン(化合物(Compound)24)の調製
2-(4-ニトロフェニル)-2-メチル-1,3-ジオキソラン(化合物(Compound)25)の調製
2-(4-ニトロフェニル)-2-メチル-1,3-ジオキサン(化合物(Compound)26)の調製
2-(4-メトキシフェニル)-1,3-オキサチオラン(化合物(Compound)27)の調製
2-(3,4,5-トリメトキシフェニル)-1,3-オキサチオラン(化合物(Compound)28)の調製
2-メトキシ-4-(1,3-オキサチオラン-2-イル)フェノール(化合物(Compound)29)の調製
4-(1,3-オキサチオラン-2-イル)ベンゾニトリル(化合物(Compound)30)の調製
2-(4-ブロモフェニル)-2-エチル-1,3-オキサチオラン(化合物(Compound)31)の調製
4-(5-メチル-l,3-オキサチオラン-2-イル)ベンゾニトリル(化合物(Compound)32)の調製
2-(4-チエン-2-イルフェニル)-1,3-オキサチオラン(化合物(Compound)33)の調製
4-(5-メチル-2-オクチル-1,3-オキサチオラン-2-イル)フェノール(化合物(Compound)34)の調製
2-フルオロ-5-(5-メチル-1,3-オキサチオラン-2-イル)ベンゼンカルボニトリル(化合物(Compound)35)の調製
4-メトキシ-4'-(トリフルオロメトキシ)-1,1'-ビフェニル(化合物(Compound)36)
2,6-ジメトキシ-3-[4-(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル]ピリジン(化合物(Compound)37)
2-(4-ブロモフェニル)-2-ブチル-4-プロピル-1,3-オキサチアン(化合物(Compound)38)および(化合物(Compound)39)のジアステレオマー
(38) 1H nmr (d6-dmso, 300MHz) δ0.76 (t, J 7.2Hz, 3H); 0.85 (t, J 6.9Hz, 3H); 0.9〜1.5 (複雑, 9H); 1.83 (dd, J 13.5, 2.7Hz, 1H); 2.00 (ddd, J 15.0, 11.4, 4.2Hz, 1H); 2.76 (ddd, J 15.0, 11.7, 4.2Hz, 1H); 3.35 (m, 1H); 3.89 (dt, J 11.7, 1.8Hz, 1H); 3.98 (m, 1H); 7.38 (d, J 8.7Hz, 2H); 7.52 (d, J 8.7Hz, 2H)。
(39) 1H nmr (d6-dmso, 300MHz) δ0.74 (t, J 7.2Hz, 3H); 0.84 (t, J 6.9Hz, 3H); 0.9〜1.3 (複雑, 4H); 1.3〜1.9 (複雑, 8H); 2.61 (m, 1H); 3.40 (見かけdt, J 12.3, 2.4Hz); 3.83 (ddd, J 12.3, 3.6, 1.5Hz); 7.49 (d, J 8.7Hz, 2H); 7.60 (d, J 8.7Hz, 2H)。
4-(1,3-ジオキソラン-2-イル)ベンゼンカルボニトリル(化合物(Compound)40)
2-(3,5-ジメトキシフェニル)-2-ヘキシル-1,3-ジオキソラン(化合物(Compound)41)
2-(4-クロロフェニル)-2-エチル-4-メチル-1,3-ジオキソラン(化合物(Compound)42)
5-(5,5-ジエチル-1,3-ジオキサン-2-イル)-2-フルオロベンゼンカルボニトリル(化合物(Compound)43)
2-(4-クロロフェニル)-4,5-ジヒドロ-1,3-オキサゾール(化合物(Compound)44)
1H NMR (d4-MeOH, 300MHz): δ4.09、t (9.6Hz)、H4; 4.57、t (9.5Hz)、H5; 7.54、d (8.6Hz)、2×ArH; 7.95、d (8.6Hz)、2×ArH。ESI (+ve) MS: m/z 182/184 (M+H, 100%/32%)。
2-(4-メチルフェニル)-4,5-ジヒドロ-1,3-オキサゾール(化合物(Compound)45)
1H NMR (d4-MeOH, 300MHz): δ2.45、s、Me; 4.07、t (9.6Hz)、H4; 4.54、t (9.5Hz)、H5; 7.33、d (7.9Hz)、2×ArH; 7.86、d (7.9Hz)、2×ArH。ESI (+ve) MS: m/z 162 (M+H, 100%)。
(生物学的実施例1:MIF誘発性ヒト線維芽細胞の増殖)
[方法]
式(I)の化合物の活性を、ヒトの皮膚線維芽細胞のMIF誘発性増殖を利用するバイオアッセイで検討した。ヒト線維芽細胞の増殖は、MIFにより誘発される現象であることが示されている(16)。S112ヒト皮膚線維芽細胞を、RPMI/10%ウシ胎仔血清(FCS)中で増殖させた。実験に先立って、RPMI/0.1%BSA中に細胞を105細胞/mlで18時間接種した。細胞は、組み換え型ヒトマクロファージ遊走阻止因子(MIF)50ng/ml、および/または1nM濃度の本発明の化合物で処理した。化合物は、細胞培養液に加える時点ゼロの前-30分の時点でMIFと混合した。時点ゼロで、培地をRPMI/10%FCSに置き換え、処理を施した。30時間の時点で、細胞に1μCiを3H-チミジンで瞬間処理した。48時間の時点で、半自動化されたセルハーベスターを用いて細胞を採取した。DNA中に組み込まれた放射能を、結果が3H-チミジン取り込みとして表される液体シンチレーション計数法により測定した。
2-(2-ヒドロキシエトキシ)-2-(4-ヒドロキシ-3-メチルフェニル)-1,3-ジオキソラン(化合物1)(cpd1)は、上記の方法で使用した場合、表1および図1に示すようにS112ヒト線維芽細胞の増殖の誘発を有意に抑制した(P<0.05)。MIF(+MIF)による細胞の処理は、増殖を誘発したが、これはMIFを化合物1(1nM)と予めインキュベートすることにより(+MIF+cpd1)抑制された(*P<0.05)。これらのデータは、これらの化合物がMIFの生物活性に抑制効果を発揮することで一致している。
[方法]
式(I)の化合物の活性を、ヒトの皮膚線維芽細胞のMIFに依存する活性化を利用するバイオアッセイでさらに検討した。Sampey等は、サイトカインインターロイキン1(IL-1)によるシクロオキシゲナーゼ-2(COX-2)の発現の誘発は、MIFの存在に依存し、すなわち、特異的抗MIFモノクローナル抗体を使用することによって防止することができることを示した(17)。IL-1誘発性のCOX-2の発現は、したがって、MIF依存性の事象である。
図2に示すように、化合物1で処理した細胞は、フローサイトメトリーにより測定したCOX-2発現の有意な減少(P<0.01)を示した。ヒトS112線維芽細胞におけるIL-1によるCOX-2発現誘発の統計的に有意な抑制が、細胞を化合物1(cpd1)50μMで処理したときに実証された(*P < 0.01)。
[方法]
式(I)の化合物の活性を、MIF依存性のマウスT細胞活性化を利用するバイオアッセイでさらに検討した。リコール抗原への暴露に応答するTリンパ球の活性化は、MIFの存在に依存し、すなわち、特異的抗MIFモノクローナル抗体を使用することによって防止することができることが知られている(7)。抗原誘発性のT細胞活性化は、したがって、MIF依存性の事象である。
2-(2-ヒドロキシエトキシ)-2-(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-1,3-ジオキソラン(化合物2)(cpd2)による脾臓細胞の処理は、化合物2無しでmBSAにさらした細胞と比較して、抗原特異的なT細胞活性化における投薬量依存性の減少をもたらした(*P < 0.05)(図(Figure)5)。これらのデータは、MIFの生物活性に抑制効果を発揮するこれらの化合物について一致している。
MIFの生物学的機能の特有の態様は、最近Morand等(4)により概説されているように、デキサメタゾン等のグルココルチコイドの抗炎症効果と拮抗するその能力と関係している。MIFのこの特性は、MIF拮抗薬が、「ステロイド減量性」効果を発揮するかもしれない、すなわち、グルココルチコイドと組み合わせたそれらの使用が、グルココルチコイドの所定の投薬量により、より大きい治療効果を達成することが可能となるかもしれないことを示唆している。したがって、MIF拮抗薬の存在下では、グルココルチコイドの低い投薬量により、MIF拮抗薬が存在しなければもっと高いグルココルチコイドの投薬量を必要とする治療効果を発揮することができる。グルココルチコイドの副作用は一般に投薬量依存性であるので、グルココルチコイドの必要性を低減できることは臨床的に望ましい。
IL-1誘発性COX-2発現に対するMIF拮抗薬の効果を分析するための上記のin vitroでのアッセイ(生物学的実施例2)を、2-(2-ヒドロキシエトキシ)-2-(4'-ヒドロキシ-3'-メチルフェニル)-1,3-ジオキソラン(化合物1)(50μM)、デキサメタゾン(1nM)、またはデキサメタゾン(1nM)と化合物1(50μM)との組合せ物を用いて行った。COX-2発現は、Sampey等(18)によって記載されているように、対照としてラベルした試料に対する平均蛍光強度(MFI)を差し引いた後のフローサイトメトリーにより計量したMFIとして表した。その結果を表3および図(Figure)6に示す。
デキサメタゾン単独の効果と比較して、グルココルチコイドデキサメタゾンの抑制効果の有意な増大が、スチューデント検定を用いた有意なP値(P<0.05)の実証により確かめられた。1nMデキサメタゾン単独(IL-1+DEX)で達成されたIL-1誘発性COX-2発現の抑制と比較して、細胞を50μMの化合物1と共に1nMのデキサメタゾンで処理したとき(IL-1+DEX+cpd1)、有意に大きいIL-1誘発性COX-2発現の抑制が観察された(P<0.05)。これらのデータは、MIFの生物活性に抑制効果を発揮するこれらの化合物について一致している。
治療材料の価値のある特性は毒性の欠如である。式(I)の化合物は、細胞に対して低い毒性を有するものであり得る。このことをin vitroで試験するために、2-(2-ヒドロキシエトキシ)-2-(4-ヒドロキシ-3-メチルフェニル)-1,3-ジオキソラン(化合物1)のアポトーシス(プログラム細胞死)の誘発を調査した。細胞毒性の無いことは、対照および化合物で処理した細胞においてアポトーシスを起こす細胞と生存可能な細胞との比較割合を見出すことにより明らかとなろう。
式(I)の化合物の細胞毒性を試験するために、S112ヒト皮膚線維芽細胞を、2-(2-ヒドロキシエトキシ)-2-(4-ヒドロキシ-3-メチルフェニル)-1,3-ジオキソラン(化合物1)の治療濃度(50μM)に、または賦形剤(対照)にさらし、Leech等(19)により記載されているようにして、アネキシンVおよびヨウ化プロピジウムによる染色のフローサイトメトリー分析によりアポトーシスの分析をした。毒性は、細胞表面のアネキシンV結合およびヨウ化プロピジウム染色によるフローサイトメトリー検出を用いるアポトーシスの分析により評価した。少なくとも5000事象を各実験に対して分析した。アネキシンVおよびヨウ化プロピジウムの両方に対して陽性な細胞はアポトーシスを起こすものとし、アネキシンVおよびヨウ化プロピジウムの両方に対して陰性な細胞は生存可能なものとした。結果は、これら標識のそれぞれを有する細胞の百分率(%)で表す。
細胞毒性分析の結果を図(Figure)7に示す。対照として処理した細胞と比較して、2-(2-ヒドロキシエトキシ)-2-(4-ヒドロキシ-3-メチルフェニル)-1,3-ジオキソラン(化合物1)により処理した細胞において、アポトーシスを起こす細胞の数の有意な増加(ns)、および生存可能な細胞の数の有意な減少(ns)は観察されなかった。
MIFは、マクロファージによる一酸化窒素(NO)の放出(20)を含む多種多様のプロ炎症性および/または有害分子の発現および放出を誘発または促進することができる。MIFのサイトカインまたは生物学的機能を抑制する能力を有する化合物は、マクロファージによるNO生成の活性度を抑制することが期待できよう。
C57BL6/J雄マウスに、2mlのチオグリコレートを腹腔内投与した。3日後、腹膜マクロファージを、3mlの冷たいハンク緩衝食塩水で腹膜を洗浄して集めた。数匹のマウスからの細胞をプールして洗浄し、5%FCSを補ったDMEM中に再懸濁させた。96ウェルのプラスチック組織培養プレートに1×105細胞/ウェルで細胞をプレーティングした。細胞は、37℃の5%CO2培養器中、3通りのウェル中で化合物または賦形剤により1時間処理した。細胞は、次に、LPS(10ng/ml)および組み換え型ヒトインターフェロン-γ(10単位/ml)で処理し、24時間インキュベートした。24時間後、各ウェルからの50μlの上清を注意深く取り出し、ELISAプレートに移した。NOの生成は、Greissアッセイ(21)により測定する培養液上清中の亜硝酸塩の濃度を分析することにより測定した。結果は、賦形剤で処理した細胞のそれと比較した、化合物で処理した細胞培養液上清中の亜硝酸塩濃度の抑制割合として算出した。
1-(3-メチルブチル)-4-(4-メチルフェニル)-1H-ピラゾール(化合物(Compound)13)0.5〜100μMによる細胞の処理は、LPS-IFN誘発性亜硝酸塩生成の用量応答性抑制をもたらした(図8)。
[方法]
化合物の活性を、マウスNIH3T3線維芽細胞のMIF誘発性増殖を利用するバイオアッセイで検討した。NIH3T3線維芽細胞の増殖は、MIFによって誘発され得る現象であることが実証されており(22)、MIF誘発性増殖は、関節リウマチ等の疾患の病状と関連している(16)。NIH3T3細胞は、DMEM/10%ウシ胎仔血清(FCS)中で増殖させた。実験に先立って、細胞をDMEM/10%FCS中の96ウェルプレート中に104細胞/ウェルで18時間播種した。次いで媒体をDMEM/0.1%FCSに置き換え、細胞をさらに18時間インキュベートした。-1時間の時点で培地をDMEM/0.1%FCSに置き換え、細胞を10μMの最終濃度の本発明の化合物または賦形剤により処理した。時間ゼロの時点で細胞を50ng/mlの最終濃度のMIFにより処理した。6時間の時点で、細胞に3H-チミジンの1Ci/ウェルで瞬間処理した。24時間の時点で、半自動化されたセルハーベスターを用いて細胞を採取した。DNA中に組み込まれた放射能を、結果が3H-チミジン取り込み(cpm)として表される液体シンチレーション計数法により測定した。統計的有意性をマン−ホイットニー検定を用いて分析した。
本発明の化合物は、MIF誘発性増殖を抑制した。MIFによる細胞の処理は、増殖の有意な増加を誘発した(P=0.006)。2-メチル-2-(4-メチルフェニル)-1,3-ジチオラン(化合物(Compound)18)10μMによる処理により、MIF誘発性増殖の有意な抑制がもたらされた(*P<0.05)(図9a)。さらなる実験において、MIFによる細胞の処理は、再び増殖の有意な増加を誘発した(P=0.004)。本発明のその他の化合物は、MIF誘発性増殖の有意な抑制をもたらした(*P<0.05)(図9b)。
化合物の活性を、ネズミの内毒素性ショックのモデルで検討した。このモデルにおいて、IL-1、腫瘍壊死因子(TNF)、およびインターロイキン6(IL-6)等のサイトカインの血清中濃度が増すことを特徴とするショックの特性は、細菌性のリポ多糖(LPS)の注射によって誘発される。内毒素に応答するIL-1、IL-6、およびTNFのin vivoでの生成は、MIFに依存していることが以前に示されている(23)。MIFの生物活性またはサイトカイン活性に抑制効果を有する化合物によるマウスの処置は、血清IL-1、TNF、および/またはIL-6レベルの抑制を引き起こすことが期待される。
各実験において4匹のマウスの群を使用した。300μlの生理食塩水中のリポ多糖体(LPS)(5mg/kg)を腹腔内投与することにより、内毒素血症を誘発させた。生理食塩水単独を注射したマウスを対照群として使用した。腹腔内へのLPS投与の前24時間と1時間の間隔をおいて処理剤を腹腔内投与した。マウスは、生理食塩水、DMSO/生理食塩水賦形剤中に体重1kg当たり5〜15mgの用量で溶解した化合物、または(同じ濃度のDMSOを含有する)賦形剤により処置した。
2-ヘキシル-2-(4-メチルフェニル)-1,3-ジチオラン(化合物17)による処理を評価した。LPSの投与後1.5時間の時点における血清IL-1、IL-6、およびTNF濃度の平均±標準誤差を図(Figure)10に示す。生理的食塩水と比較して、LPS注射は、IL-1、IL-6、およびTNFのそれぞれに対して有意にcytokinaemiaを誘発した(P<0.05)。5および15mg/kgの2-ヘキシル-2-(4-メチルフェニル)-1,3-ジチオラン(化合物(Compound)17)(cpd17として示されている)での処理(括弧内に示されている)は、LPS誘発性血清IL-1(図(Figure)10a)、IL-6(図(Figure)10b)、およびTNF(図(Figure)10c)の顕著な抑制と関連する。IL-1の場合、その抑制は統計的に有意であった(*P<0.05)。これらのデータは、MIFの生物活性に抑制効果を発揮するこれらの化合物で一致している。
Claims (12)
- 下記式(I)の化合物、または医薬として許容されるその塩。
(式中、XおよびX'は、一緒になって、-C(R 5 )=N-を形成し;
Yは、-C(R 5 )-であり、且つ、フェニル基を有する炭素原子と共に二重結合を形成し、且つ、R 1 は、存在せず;
Y'は、-N(R 5 )-であり;
Zは、X'とY'の間の共有単結合を形成し;
R 2 およびR 4 は、水素およびC 1 〜 3 アルキルから独立に選択され;
R 3 は、水素、C 1 〜 3 アルキル、およびR 12 から選択され;
-C(R 5 )-は、-C(H)-および-C(C 1 〜 20 アルキル)-から選択され;
-N(R 5 )-は、-N(C 2 〜 20 アルキル)-であり;
R 12 は、OH、SH、NH 2 、ハロ、NO 2 、C(R 17 ) 3 、OC(R 17 ) 3 およびCNからなる群から選択され;
R 17 は、水素およびハロゲンから独立に選択される。) - 下記式(I)の請求項1記載の化合物、または医薬として許容されるその塩。
(式中、XおよびX'は、一緒になって、-C(R 5 )=N-を形成し;
Yは、-C(R 5 )-であり、且つ、フェニル基を有する炭素原子と共に二重結合を形成し、且つ、R 1 は、存在せず;
Y'は、-N(R 5 )-であり;
Zは、X'とY'の間の共有単結合を形成し;
R 2 およびR 4 は、水素およびC 1 〜 3 アルキルから独立に選択され;
R 3 は、C 1 〜 3 アルキルおよびR 12 から選択され;
-C(R 5 )-は、-C(H)-および-C(C 1 〜 20 アルキル)-から選択され;
-N(R 5 )-は、-N(エチル)-、-N(n-プロピル)-、-N(イソプロピル)-、-N(シクロプロピル)-、-N(n-ブチル)-、-N(sec-ブチル)-、-N(t-ブチル)-、-N(シクロブチル)-、-N(n-ペンチル)-、-N(1-メチルブチル)-、-N(2-メチルブチル)-、-N(3-メチルブチル)-、-N(シクロペンチル)-、-N(n-ヘキシル)-、-N(1-メチルペンチル)-、-N(2-メチルペンチル)-、-N(3-メチルペンチル)-、-N(4-メチルペンチル)-、-N(1-エチルブチル)-、-N(2-エチルブチル)-、-N(3-エチルブチル)-、-N(1-プロピルプロピル)-、-N(2-プロピルプロピル)-および-N(シクロヘキシル)-からなる群から選択され;
R 12 は、OH、SH、NH 2 、ハロ、NO 2 、C(R 17 ) 3 、OC(R 17 ) 3 およびCNからなる群から選択され;
R 17 は、水素およびハロゲンから独立に選択され;
各アルキルは、場合によって置換されていてもよい。) - Yが、-CH-であり;
Xが、-CH-である、
請求項1または2に記載の化合物または医薬として許容されるその塩。 - R 3 が、OC(R 17 ) 3 である、請求項1または2に記載の化合物または医薬として許容されるその塩。
- R 3 が、C 1 〜 3 アルキルである、請求項1または2に記載の化合物または医薬として許容されるその塩。
- R 3 が、-CH 3 または-OCH 3 である、請求項1または2に記載の化合物または医薬として許容されるその塩。
- -N(R 5 )-が、-N(3-メチルブチル)-である、請求項1または2に記載の化合物または医薬として許容されるその塩。
- 4-(4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(3-メチルブチル)-1H-ピラゾールまたは医薬として許容されるその塩。
- 1-(3-メチルブチル)-4-(4-メチルフェニル)-1H-ピラゾールまたは医薬として許容されるその塩。
- 請求項1、2、8または9のいずれか一項に記載の化合物、および医薬として許容される担体、希釈剤または賦形剤を含む医薬組成物。
- グルココルチコイドをさらに含む請求項10に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の化合物または医薬として許容されるその塩を含む、MIFのサイトカイン活性または生物活性を抑制するための治療薬。
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| US20080032964A1 (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2008-02-07 | Kansal Vinod K | Process for the synthesis of azetidinone |
| CA2651598A1 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2007-11-29 | Wellstat Therapeutics Corporation | Compounds for the treatment of metabolic disorders |
| CN101528039A (zh) * | 2006-05-26 | 2009-09-09 | 路易斯维尔大学研究基金会公司 | 巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子拮抗剂及其应用方法 |
| CN101460470B (zh) | 2006-05-30 | 2011-05-18 | 阿斯利康(瑞典)有限公司 | 作为dgat1抑制剂的1,3,4-二唑衍生物 |
| NZ586104A (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2012-02-24 | Astrazeneca Ab | Carbamoyl compounds as dgat1 inhibitors 190 |
| US9643922B2 (en) | 2008-08-18 | 2017-05-09 | Yale University | MIF modulators |
| US9540322B2 (en) | 2008-08-18 | 2017-01-10 | Yale University | MIF modulators |
| TW201103895A (en) | 2009-06-19 | 2011-02-01 | Astrazeneca Ab | Chemical compounds |
| EP2480235A4 (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2013-05-08 | Univ Louisville Res Found | NEW IODO-PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT OF ILLNESSES AND SUFFERING IN CONNECTION WITH THE MACROPHAGE MIGRATION-INHIBITING FACTOR |
| BR112012008924A2 (pt) | 2009-10-20 | 2019-09-24 | Novartis Ag | derivado de glicosídeo e usos do mesmo |
| US9155790B2 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2015-10-13 | University of Lousiville Research Foundation, Inc. | Methods and compositions for modulating ocular damage |
| CN103917529B (zh) | 2011-11-11 | 2016-08-17 | 辉瑞大药厂 | 2-硫代嘧啶酮类 |
| CN102766099B (zh) * | 2012-08-07 | 2015-09-23 | 沈阳药科大学 | 具有黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性的化合物及其盐、制备方法和用途 |
| AU2016257179A1 (en) | 2015-05-05 | 2017-11-02 | Pfizer Inc. | 2-thiopyrimidinones |
| JP2019532038A (ja) * | 2016-09-02 | 2019-11-07 | ザ・ジョンズ・ホプキンス・ユニバーシティ | Mif阻害剤及びそれらの使用方法 |
| US11465991B2 (en) | 2018-03-15 | 2022-10-11 | Yale University | Pyrazole-containing macrophage migration inhibitory factor inhibitors |
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| JPH02247181A (ja) * | 1989-03-17 | 1990-10-02 | Sumitomo Pharmaceut Co Ltd | 新規なβ―ラクタム化合物及びその製造法 |
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| US20070010563A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
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