JP4986068B2 - Self-sustained operation system for distributed power supply - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a self-sustained operation system for a distributed power source.

  In recent years, efforts to “microgrid” to reduce the burden on the commercial system by load following operation of distributed power sources have become active. In an energy supply system using a distributed power source that incorporates the idea of a microgrid (hereinafter simply referred to as a microgrid), a linked operation that controls the amount of power generated so that the amount of power purchased from a commercial system is kept constant by grid connection. In the event of an emergency such as a power outage, load follow-up operation is required to perform autonomous operation to supply high-quality (voltage and frequency fluctuation is small) power in the microgrid system.

  In consideration of the convenience of the building, it is desirable to construct a system that makes an uninterrupted transition while maintaining a high-quality power supply from interconnected operation to independent operation in the event of an emergency such as a power failure. As a result, the building can be operated continuously without being affected by an external power failure in the microgrid system, including devices that are relatively sensitive to power quality (voltage and frequency fluctuations) such as a computer.

  As a prior art that shifts from a grid operation to a self-sustained operation without instantaneous interruption, there is known an uninterruptible self-sustaining transition power generation system described in Patent Literature 1, Patent Literature 2, and the like. This system will be briefly described with reference to FIG. This system has two types of power supply configurations, that is, a rotating machine generator 6 and a fuel cell 7, and is output from measurement data measured by the measuring instruments 31, 41, 51, 61, 71 and the control unit 1. A high-speed signal line such as an analog signal line is used for control signal communication.

  During the self-sustained operation, the voltage fluctuation in the microgrid system is suppressed by controlling the rotating machine generator 6 with constant voltage control. In the constant voltage control of the rotating machine generator 6, when the load 3, 4, 5 has a high speed load fluctuation, the voltage of the supplied power fluctuates. By performing load variation compensation, the rotating machine generator 6 is compensated for only very gradual load variation, thereby suppressing voltage variation of the supplied power. In addition, in the autonomous operation transition, a detection signal of the system abnormality detection unit 9 that detects an abnormality of the commercial system 2 is transmitted to the circuit breaker 8 through a high-speed signal line, and each power source (the rotating machine generator 6 and the fuel cell 7). ) By transmitting a control signal via a high-speed signal line via the control unit 1 to instantaneously switch off the circuit breaker 8 and shift to control during independent operation of each power source. Has been realized.

However, since the system configuration shown in FIG. 3 uses high-speed signal lines for transferring all signals, there is a problem that the cost for embedding signal lines increases. In order to solve such a problem, a system configuration using an existing low-speed signal line such as a LAN line can be considered as a modification of the system configuration in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, by using only the signal line S1 between the system abnormality detection unit 9 and the circuit breaker 8 as a signal line capable of performing high-speed signal transmission, and using a low-speed signal line for the other signal lines, It becomes possible to suppress the cost increase such as the burying cost of the signal line.
JP 2002-135982 A JP 2002-171671 A

  However, in the non-instantaneous self-sustaining transition power generation system apparatus shown in Patent Literatures 1 and 2 (FIG. 3), the system voltage is switched by switching the operation mode of the fuel cell from constant power control to constant voltage control at the time of self-sustaining operation transition Therefore, there is a problem that it is difficult to maintain the microgrid system frequency during the independent operation. In addition, since both the power generator and the fuel cell have a power generation minimum output due to the power generation principle, the total load value in the microgrid system during independent operation is the minimum output total value of each generator. There is also a problem that the power supply stops in the following cases.

  In addition, when a LAN line is used as an existing low-speed signal line as in the system configuration shown in FIG. 4, there is a time delay of several seconds on the receipt of data. There is also a problem that the fuel cell cannot compensate for a fast load fluctuation of several seconds or less due to a time delay, and the supplied power quality deteriorates. Also, when shifting to independent operation, depending on the circuit breaker flow, the load compensated by the rotary generator during a time delay due to a low-speed signal line fluctuates stepwise (very high speed), and power quality deteriorates. There is a problem.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and a self-sustained operation system for a distributed power source that can maintain the power supply quality without causing a momentary interruption at the time of transition to the self-sustained operation of the distributed power source. The purpose is to provide.

The present invention is a self-sustained operation system for a distributed power source that reduces the burden on the commercial system by load following operation of the distributed power source equipped with a rotating machine power generator. A system abnormality detecting means for outputting a detection signal; a circuit breaker for interrupting power supply to the commercial system when the abnormality detection signal is input from the system abnormality detecting means; and the circuit breaker is in a disconnected state. When the circuit breaker state signal is input, the state detection means that outputs a circuit breaker state signal when the circuit breaker is detected, and when the circuit breaker state signal is input, the power supply is started to cut off the commercial system power by the circuit breaker. and a power storage device wherein the rotating machine system generator to compensate for load variation until the transition to the operation of the self-sustaining operation control, the abnormality detection signal and the breaker status signal, the rotating machine system generator Characterized in that it is transmitted by the high-speed signal line from the signal line for transmitting a control system signal.

The present invention has control means for shifting the autonomous operation system from linked operation to autonomous operation when an abnormality detection signal is received from the system abnormality detection means, and the system abnormality detection means sends the abnormality detection signal to the high-speed operation signal. The signal line is output to the circuit breaker, and is output to the control unit via a signal line that is slower than the high-speed signal line, and the circuit breaker state signal is transmitted to the power storage device without the control unit. It is transmitted .

  According to the present invention, when the circuit breaker state signal is input, the power storage device measures its own power supply amount and operates so as to have a predetermined control value based on the measured power supply amount. Control is performed.

  According to the present invention, when power supply from the commercial system is interrupted, the power supply is started by the power storage device capable of high-speed load follow-up, so that the rotating machine power generation is performed after the commercial system power is interrupted. Because the load fluctuation until the machine shifts to the operation of the autonomous operation control is compensated, the supply power quality can be maintained without causing the instantaneous interruption at the time of the autonomous operation transition of the distributed power source. An effect is obtained.

  Hereinafter, a self-sustaining operation system for a distributed power source according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the embodiment. In this figure, the same parts as those in the system shown in FIG. The self-sustained operation system shown in this figure differs from the system shown in FIG. 4 in that, instead of the fuel cell 7, a power storage device (for example, an electric double layer capacitor) 10 that performs the fastest load fluctuation compensation and on the order of several seconds (medium speed) ) Two types of power storage devices (for example, nickel metal hydride batteries) 11 that perform control at time intervals and a state detection unit 81 that detects the state of the circuit breaker 8, and the control unit 1 includes three power sources ( The operation control of the rotating machine generator 6, the power storage device 10, and the power storage device 11) is performed.

  Next, the operation of the self-sustaining operation system shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. First, the system abnormality detection unit 9 monitors the power supplied from the commercial system 2, and transmits an abnormality detection signal to the circuit breaker 8 and the control unit 1 when an abnormality is detected in the commercial system. At this time, a high-speed signal line is used as the signal line for transmitting the abnormality detection signal S1 to be transmitted to the circuit breaker 8. When receiving the abnormality detection signal S1, the circuit breaker 8 interrupts the commercial system (opens the switch). Moreover, the control part 1 will transfer to independent operation, if an abnormality detection signal is received. During the self-sustained operation, the control unit 1 includes load fluctuation measurement data for the loads 3, 4, and 5 output from the measuring devices 31, 41, and 51, and a rotating machine generator 6 output from the measuring devices 61, 101, and 111. Based on the supplied power measurement data of the power storage device 10 and the power storage device 11, operation control of the three power sources (the rotating machine generator 6, the power storage device 10, and the power storage device 11) is performed. At this time, low-speed signal lines are used for transmission of measurement data and transmission of operation control signals.

  On the other hand, when the state detector 81 detects that the circuit breaker 8 is in a breaker state (switch open state), a state breaker state signal indicating the breaker state is directly transmitted via a high-speed signal line ( It transmits to the electrical storage apparatus 10 (without going through the control part 1). In response to this, the power storage device 10 starts operation control of power supply during the independent operation. During the self-sustained operation, the power storage device 10 receives the measurement data of the amount of power supplied from the measurement result of the measuring instrument 101 through a high-speed signal line, and takes a control value determined in advance based on the measurement data. The operation control of itself (power storage device 10) is performed (hereinafter, this operation control is referred to as local follow-up control). As a result, the time delay due to the low-speed signal line can be eliminated, and high-speed load fluctuation can be compensated.

  As described above, the power storage device 10 receives the circuit breaker state signal from the state detection unit 81 through the high-speed signal line, and shifts to the control during the self-sustained operation at high speed. It is possible to compensate for a very high speed load fluctuation until the device 11 shifts to the control during the self-sustaining operation (during a time delay due to the low speed signal line).

  In addition, in order to prevent a time delay due to the initial calculation time at the start of the autonomous operation control in the power storage device 10, the control unit 1 always calculates the control value when shifting to the autonomous operation mode in the background during the interconnection operation. In addition, it may be transmitted to the power storage device 10 at a predetermined timing.

  1 shows a system configuration in which one power storage device 10, 11 is provided, but a plurality of power storage devices 10, 11 may be provided. Further, the power storage device 11 may be omitted, and only the power storage device 10 may be configured.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 2, the power quality at the time of transition to independent operation according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 2 shows a state where a gas engine 350 kW is used as the rotating machine generator 6, a nickel metal hydride battery 400 kWh is used as the power storage device 11, and an electric double layer capacitor 100 kW × charge / discharge 2 seconds is used as the power storage device 10. The measurement result of 1 second period is shown. Here, the gas engine (rotor generator 6) and the nickel hydrogen battery (power storage device 11) perform control from the control unit 1 via the LAN line, and the electric double layer capacitor (power storage device 10) performs local follow-up control. Went. In the self-sustained operation system according to the present invention, the voltage fluctuation during the self-sustaining operation including immediately after the transition to the self-sustaining operation is 1% or less with respect to the control target value of 6.6 kV at the time of the main measurement, and the frequency fluctuation is with respect to the control target value of 50 Hz Therefore, a very high quality power supply of ± 0.1 Hz can be realized.

  As described above, by operating the rotating machine generator 6 with constant voltage and constant frequency control, the power quality (both voltage and frequency) in the microgrid system is maintained and the power is temporarily stored by charging. Since the power storage devices 10 and 11 that can be stored in a continuous manner are used, the power supply is performed even when the total load value in the microgrid system is less than the minimum output of the rotating machine generator 6 during the autonomous operation. Can be maintained. By using the control method during the self-sustained operation of the microgrid and the self-sustained operation transition control method according to the present invention, it is possible to continuously supply high-quality power including during the self-sustained operation transition. When an abnormality such as a power failure occurs, it is possible to prevent the influence on the facilities in the microgrid. Further, the signal lines from the system abnormality detection unit 9 to the circuit breaker 8, the circuit breaker 8 to the power storage device 10, and the signal lines from the measuring device 101 to the power storage device 10 are signal lines that can perform high-speed communication, and other signal lines In addition, since a low-speed signal line such as a LAN line is used, it is possible to suppress an increase in cost such as a burying cost of the signal line.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of one Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the electric power quality of the independent operation system by this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the independent operation system by a prior art. It is a block diagram which shows the system configuration | structure which took the improvement plan of the independent operation system shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Control part, 2 ... Commercial system 3, 4, 5 ... Load, 6 ... Rotating machine system generator, 8 ... Circuit breaker, 81 ... State detection part, 9 ... System abnormality detection unit, 10 ... Power storage device (high speed), 11 ... Power storage device (medium speed), 31, 41, 51, 61, 101, 111 ... Measuring instrument

Claims (3)

A distributed power supply self-sustained operation system that reduces the burden on the commercial system by load following operation of the distributed power supply including a rotating machine generator,
A system abnormality detecting means for outputting an abnormality detection signal when an abnormality of the commercial system is detected;
A circuit breaker that cuts off the power supply of the commercial system when the abnormality detection signal is input from the system abnormality detection means;
State detecting means for outputting a breaker state signal when it is detected that the breaker is in a break state; and
When the circuit breaker state signal is input, by starting the power supply, the electric power of the commercial system is interrupted by the circuit breaker until the rotating machine generator shifts to the operation of the autonomous operation control. and a power storage device to compensate for load variations between,
The distributed power supply self-sustained operation system, wherein the abnormality detection signal and the breaker state signal are transmitted by a signal line faster than a signal line for transmitting a control system signal to the rotating machine generator . Upon receipt of an abnormality detection signal from the system abnormality detection means, the autonomous operation system has a control means for shifting from linked operation to independent operation,
The system abnormality detection means outputs the abnormality detection signal to the circuit breaker through the high-speed signal line, and outputs to the control means via a signal line that is slower than the high-speed signal line,
2. The distributed power supply self-sustained operation system according to claim 1, wherein the breaker state signal is transmitted to the power storage device without passing through the control means . When the circuit breaker state signal is input, the power storage device measures its own power supply amount and performs operation control so as to obtain a predetermined control value based on the measured power supply amount. The self-sustained operation system for a distributed power source according to claim 1 or 2.

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