JP5074501B2 - 時間−周波数ホッピング・パターンの検出 - Google Patents
時間−周波数ホッピング・パターンの検出 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
- H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
- H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
- H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A) or DMT
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Description
は、値域(τ0≦τ≦τ0+τmax,ν0≦ν≦ν0+νmax)にわたって定義され、
式(10)で与えられるように、一般化対数尤度関数Λ(τ0,ν0)は、単に、チャネルの遅延−ドップラ・イメージI(τ,ν)のエネルギーを仮定した値域にわたって積分したものであり、値域(0≦τ<τmax,0≦ν<νmax)にわたるI(τ,ν)の離散近似が導出できる。時間−周波数をシフトした遅延−ドップラ・イメージは、
を生成するためのデバイス30を示す。受信信号は、フィルタ関数μ*(−t)を有するフィルタ31に入力される。フィルタされた信号は、サンプラ32を用いて、1/TcHzのチップ・レートで標本化され、そしてネガティブ遅延が遅延器33で付加される。標本化され、そして遅延を施された信号は、ミキサ35で発生源34からの信号と混合され、標本化された信号
を生成する。
式(5)で説明したように、チャネルの最大遅延−ドップラ・スプレッド(τmax,νmax)は、パイロット密度により裏付けされることのできる値を超えてはならない。式(10)における積分がパイロット密度により裏付けされる最大値を超えて実行される場合、積分は、値域(0≦k<K=Nfft/M,0≦l<Q)にわたって標本化されたものの離散和により近似でき、そして
は、初期の周波数オフセットの可能な全ての仮定に対して、オフセット仮定が適切に選ばれた間隔で規則正しく配置されると、ゼロ・パディングDFTを用いて計算できることにも留意されたい。τ0の特定の仮定に対して、たとえばゼロ・パディングを有する長さがLNfftの系列
ある場合には、時間領域内で対数尤度基準を直接計算することがより有効になりうる。図1に関連して説明したパイロット・パターンに対して、パターンの時間−周波数写像C[n,m]は、サブキャリア・インデックスφn,φn+M,φn+2M,・・・,でのみ非ゼロであり、ここで、φnはシンボル・インデックスnの関数としてのホッピング系列であり、そしてMは当該シンボル内におけるパイロット挿入周期である(必ずしも元の一定間隔で配置されたパターンのパイロット挿入周期ではない)。このとき、式(21)は、
複数のホッピング・パターンの検出は、それらがある共通の構造を有する場合、非常に簡単になる可能性がある。たとえば、異なるデバイスに循環シフト・パターンを割り当てることによる。検出は、この場合、基本パターンの時間−周波数写像に適合する二次元循環相関器を使用することにより達成できる。図3は、コスタス配列の循環シフト・パターンを示す。第2のパターンは、η個のOFDMシンボルおよび(μM+φ)個のサブキャリア分だけ元のパターンを循環シフトしたものである。一定間隔で配置された場合におけるように、異なるサブキャリア・オフセットφを有するパターンは、完全に直交である。コスタス配列のある種類では、φが同じでmが異なる2つのパターンは、周期あたり高々1つの一致を見るだけであり、図6の例を参照されたい。長さLのコスタス系列に対して、セルが時間同期を取られていると、異なるセルを識別するために、全体でL×M×N個の異なる循環シフトがあることに留意されたい。一方、非同期のネットワークに対しては、L×Mの明確な循環周波数シフトがある。
1.1つのシンボル期間にわたって受信した標本に関する適当な長さの(ゼロ詰め)DFTを実行する。DFTの長さは、初期の周波数オフセットν0に関する仮定に依存する。
2.DFT出力の絶対値の自乗を入力配列の第1列に配置する。
3.入力配列内の列の各々を行(サブキャリア)インデックス内でコスタス系列に対応する分だけ(物理的な内容またはポインタのいずれかで)循環的に回転する。
4.入力配列を列(シンボル)インデックスを横断して和をとり、そして得られる列ベクトルを出力並列の第1列に配置する。
5.工程3の結果として移動された入力配列のポインタをリセットし、そして入力/出力配列を(循環的に列を右側に回転しながら)1ポジションだけ進める。
6.1シンボル期間にわたって受信された標本の次のセグメントを取得する。このセグメントは、τ0に関する仮定に依存して前のものと重なる可能性がある。
7.工程1に戻る。
検出器の性能を評価するために、図6で説明しているコスタス配列パイロット・パターン60を考える。パイロット・パターン60は、一定の間隔を空けたパイロット・パターンの水平方向の走査線を循環的にシフトすることにより生成される。第1のアクセス・ポイントは、オフセットなしの基本信号を有するパイロット・パターン61であり、そして第2のアクセス・ポイントは、図6に(m,n)=(2,1)に対して示しているように、基本信号を周波数でnfp、そして時間でmTだけ循環的にシフトした、パイロット・パターン62を有する。N=6 GF(7)の完全に周期的なコスタス系列が両方のコスタス・パイロット・パターン61,62に対して使用されているので、2つのパターン間で各周期63における一致数は、この例では1つである。
Claims (14)
- 直交周波数分割多重(OFDM)システムにおける受信信号r(t)内の、循環シフトされた時間−周波数ホッピング・パターンを有するパイロット信号sp(t)を含むパイロット・パターンを検出する方法であって、
未知の初期時間−周波数オフセット(τ0,ν0)を仮定するステップと、
前記パイロット信号sp(t)と前記仮定された初期時間−周波数オフセット(τ0,ν0)とにより特定される仮定の空間に対する対数尤度関数の値Λ(τ0,ν0)を計算するステップと、
前記パイロット・パターンを検出し時間−周波数オフセット(τ0,ν0)を推定するために、前記計算された値を基準値に関連付けるステップと、
を含み、
パイロット・パターンを検出する前記方法は、前記OFDMシステム内の複数の機器に対する、同期と識別との少なくとも一方に用いられ、
前記OFDMシステム内の各々の機器は、該各々の機器に割り当てられた異なる循環シフトを有する同一の時間−周波数ホッピング・パターンを使用する
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記基準値は、閾値であり、
前記計算された値を関連付ける前記ステップは、前記計算された値を前記閾値と比較するステップを有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記計算された値を関連付ける前記ステップは、前記パイロット信号sp(t)と前記初期時間−周波数オフセット(τ0,ν0)との可能な複数の仮定について前記計算された値を評価し比較するステップを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 値を計算する前記ステップは、前記対数尤度関数Λ(τ0,ν0)の直接の評価であり、
該評価は、
遅延ドップラ相関を実行するステップと、
前記仮定の空間にわたってエネルギーを積分するステップと、
を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3の何れか一項に記載の方法。 - 計算された前記対数尤度関数の前記値Λ(τ0,ν0)は、離散フーリエ変換(DFT)を用いて周波数領域で評価されることを特徴とする請求項6または7に記載の方法。
- 計算された前記対数尤度関数の前記値Λ(τ0,ν0)は、離散フーリエ変換(DFT)を用いて時間領域で評価されることを特徴とする請求項6または7に記載の方法。
- OFDMシステム内で生成された少なくとも1つのパイロット信号を受信する、前記OFDMシステム内に実装された検出器であって、
記憶部と、
処理装置と、
を含み、請求項1乃至11の何れか一項に記載の方法を実行するよう構成されていることを特徴とする検出器。 - 少なくとも1つの基地局と少なくとも1つの移動通信装置とを含むOFDMシステムであって、
前記OFDMシステム内の第1ノードはパイロット信号を送信するのに適しており、
前記OFDMシステム内の第2ノードは前記パイロット信号を受信するのに適しており、
前記第2ノードは、さらに、請求項1乃至11の何れか一項に記載の方法を実行するのに適した検出器を含む
ことを特徴とするシステム。 - コンピュータに請求項1乃至11の何れか一項に記載の方法を実行させるためのコンピュータプログラム。
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| PCT/US2006/035128 WO2008033117A1 (en) | 2006-09-11 | 2006-09-11 | Detection of time-frequency hopping patterns |
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| CN101512998A (zh) | 2009-08-19 |
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| US8295311B2 (en) | 2012-10-23 |
| US20100238787A1 (en) | 2010-09-23 |
| WO2008033117A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
| EP2067327B1 (en) | 2015-04-15 |
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