JP5113748B2 - 車両燃料電池に水素を提供する分圧スイング吸着システム - Google Patents
車両燃料電池に水素を提供する分圧スイング吸着システム Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる2005年7月25日出願の米国特許出願第11/188,123号の利益を主張する。
本発明は、概して燃料電池システムの分野に関し、特に、分圧スイング吸着によるアノード排出燃料の回収を行う燃料電池システムに関する。
燃料電池は、燃料に蓄えられたエネルギーを高効率で電気エネルギーに変換する電気化学装置である。高温燃料電池は、固体酸化物(固体電解質型)燃料電池および溶融炭酸型燃料電池を含む。これらの燃料電池は、水素燃料および/または炭化水素燃料を使用して動作し得る。固体酸化物再生燃料電池などの燃料電池の種類があり、それらは、電気エネルギーを入力として使用して酸化された燃料を酸化されていない燃料に還元することができるなどの逆の動作が可能である。
本発明の実施形態は、分圧スイング吸着(pressure swing adsorption)(すなわち、濃縮スイング吸着(concentration swing
adsorption))を利用して、高温燃料電池スタックの燃料排出流から水素を分離し、その分離された水素を燃料として水素貯蔵容器に提供するか、または車両に電力供給するのに使用される低温燃料電池スタックなどの水素使用装置に提供する、システムおよび方法を提供する。所望により、分離された水素の少なくとも一部は、また、高温燃料電池スタックの燃料吸入流中に再循環されてもよい。好ましくは、高温燃料電池スタックは炭化水素燃料で動作する固体酸化物燃料電池スタックを含み、低温燃料電池スタックは水素燃料で動作するPEM燃料電池スタックを含む。以下に記載される最初の4つの実施形態は、水素を燃料排出流から分離するために使用され得る種々の分圧スイング吸着ガス分離方法および装置を対象としている。第5および第6の実施形態は、水素分離のため、分圧スイング吸着方法および装置を使用する燃料電池システムを対象としている。
Claims (3)
- 燃料電池システムを動作させる方法であって、
燃料吸入流を燃料電池スタックに供給する工程と、
前記燃料電池スタックを動作させて、電気と水素含有燃料排出流とを発生させる工程と、
分圧スイング吸着を利用して、前記燃料排出流に含まれる水素の少なくとも一部を分離する工程と、
前記燃料排出流から分離された前記水素を水素貯蔵容器または水素使用装置に供給する工程と、
を含む方法において、
前記分離する工程が、
(a)第1の供給/パージ工程であって、
前記燃料排出流の少なくとも一部を含む供給ガス吸気流を第1の吸着床に供給する工程と、
前記供給ガスの少なくとも1つの分離された成分を含む供給ガス排気流を第1の出力側において収集する工程と、
パージガス吸気流を第2の吸着床に供給する工程と、
パージガス排気流を第2の出力側において収集する工程と、
を含む工程、
(b)前記第1の供給/パージ工程の後に実施される第1の洗浄工程であって、
前記パージガス吸気流を前記第1の吸着床に供給する工程と、
前記第1の吸着床の空隙容積内に捕捉された前記供給ガスの少なくとも1つの成分を含む前記パージガス排気流を前記第1の出力側において収集する工程と、
前記供給ガス吸気流を前記第2の吸着床に供給する工程と、
前記第2の吸着床の空隙容積内に捕捉された前記パージガスの一部を含む前記供給ガス排気流を前記第2の出力側において収集する工程と、
を含む工程、
(c)前記第1の洗浄工程の後に実施される第2の供給/パージ工程であって、
前記供給ガス吸気流を前記第2の吸着床に供給する工程と、
前記供給ガスの少なくとも1つの分離された成分を含む前記供給ガス排気流を前記第1の出力側において収集する工程と、
前記パージガス吸気流を前記第1の吸着床に供給する工程と、
前記パージガス排気流を前記第2の出力側において収集する工程と、
を含む工程、及び
(d)前記第2の供給/パージ工程の後に実施される第2の洗浄工程であって、
前記パージガス吸気流を前記第2の吸着床に供給する工程と、
前記第2の吸着床の空隙容積内に捕捉された前記供給ガスの少なくとも1つの成分を含む前記パージガス排気流を前記第1の出力側において収集する工程と、
前記供給ガス吸気流を前記第1の吸着床に供給する工程と、
前記第1の吸着床の空隙容積内に捕捉された前記パージガスの一部を含む供給ガス排気流を前記第2の出力側において収集する工程と、
を含む工程、
を備える方法。 - 燃料電池システムであって、
燃料電池スタックと、
複数の吸着床を備える分圧スイング吸着ユニットと、
前記燃料電池スタックの燃料排出口を前記分圧スイング吸着ユニットの第1の導入口に動作可能に接続する第1の導管と、
パージガス源を前記分圧スイング吸着ユニットの第2の導入口に動作可能に接続する第2の導管と、
前記分圧スイング吸着ユニットの排出口を水素使用装置または水素貯蔵容器に動作可能に接続する第3の導管と、
を備える燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記複数の吸着床が第1の吸着床および第2の吸着床を含み、
前記第1の吸着床が、動作中、
(a)第1の供給/パージ工程において、前記燃料電池スタックの燃料排出流の少なくとも一部を含む前記供給ガス吸気流を前記第1の導管から受け取り、前記供給ガスの少なくとも1つの分離された成分を前記第3の導管に供給する機能と、
(b)前記第1の供給/パージ工程の後に実施される第1の洗浄工程において、前記パージガス吸気流を前記第2の導管から受け取り、前記第1の吸着床の空隙容積内に捕捉された前記供給ガスの少なくとも1つの成分を含む前記パージガス排気流を前記第3の導管に供給する機能と、
(c)前記第1の洗浄工程の後に実施される第2の供給/パージ工程において、パージガス吸気流を前記第2の導管から受け取り、パージガス排気流を前記第3の導管とは異なる出力側に供給する機能と、
(d)前記第2の供給/パージ工程の後に実施される第2の洗浄工程において、前記供給ガス吸気流を前記第1の導管から受け取り、前記第1の吸着床の空隙容積内に捕捉された前記パージガスの一部を含む供給ガス排気流を前記第3の導管とは異なる出力側に供給する機能と、を果たし、
且つ、前記第2の吸着床が、動作中、
(a)第1の供給/パージ工程において、パージガス吸気流を前記第2の導管から受け取り、パージガス排気流を前記第3の導管とは異なる出力側に供給する機能と、
(b)前記第1の供給/パージ工程の後に実施される第1の洗浄工程において、前記供給ガス吸気流を前記第1の導管から受け取り、前記第2の吸着床の空隙容積内に捕捉された前記パージガスの一部を含む供給ガス排気流を前記第3の導管とは異なる出力側に供給する機能と、
(c)前記第1の洗浄工程の後に実施される第2の供給/パージ工程において、前記供給ガス吸気流を前記第1の導管から受け取り、前記供給ガスの少なくとも1つの分離された成分を含む前記供給ガス排気流を前記第3の導管に供給する機能と、
(d)前記第2の供給/パージ工程の後に実施される第2の洗浄工程において、前記パージガス吸気流を前記第2の導管から受け取り、前記第2の吸着床の空隙容積内に捕捉された前記供給ガスの少なくとも1つの成分を含む前記パージガス排気流を前記第1の導管に供給する機能と、を果たすシステム。 - 燃料電池スタックと、
分圧スイング吸着を利用して、燃料電池スタックの燃料排出流に含まれる水素の少なくとも一部を分離し、前記燃料排出流から分離された前記水素を水素貯蔵容器または水素使用装置に供給する分離手段と、
を備える燃料電池システムであって、
前記分離手段は、更に、
前記燃料電池スタックの燃料排出流の少なくとも一部を含む供給ガス吸気流を供給する第1の手段と、
パージガス吸気流を供給する第2の手段と、
前記供給ガスの少なくとも1つの分離された成分を収集する第3の手段と、
第4の手段であって、
(a)第1の供給/パージ工程において、前記供給ガス吸気流を前記第1の手段から受け取り、前記供給ガスの少なくとも1つの分離された成分を前記第3の手段に供給し、
(b)前記第1の供給/パージ工程の後に実施される第1の洗浄工程において、前記パージガス吸気流を前記第2の手段から受け取り、前記第4の手段の空隙容積内に捕捉された前記供給ガスの少なくとも1つの成分を含むパージガス排気流を前記第3の手段に供給し、
(c)前記第1の洗浄工程の後に実施される第2の供給/パージ工程において、パージガス吸気流を前記第2の手段から受け取り、パージガス排気流を前記第3の手段とは異なる出力側に供給し、
(d)前記第2の供給/パージ工程の後に実施される第2の洗浄工程において、前記供給ガス吸気流を前記第1の手段から受け取り、前記第4の手段の空隙容積内に捕捉された前記パージガスの一部を含む供給ガス排気流を前記第3の手段とは異なる出力側に供給する、第4の手段と、
第5の手段であって、
(a)第1の供給/パージ工程において、パージガス吸気流を前記第2の手段から受け取り、パージガス排気流を前記第3の手段とは異なる出力側に供給し、
(b)前記第1の供給/パージ工程の後に実施される第1の洗浄工程において、前記供給ガス吸気流を前記第1の手段から受け取り、前記第5の手段の空隙容積内に捕捉された前記パージガスの一部を含む前記供給ガス排気流を前記第3の手段とは異なる出力側に供給し、
(c)前記第1の洗浄工程の後に実施される第2の供給/パージ工程において、前記供給ガス吸気流を前記第1の手段から受け取り、前記供給ガスの少なくとも1つの分離された成分を含む前記供給ガス排気流を前記第3の手段に供給し、
(d)前記第2の供給/パージ工程の後に実施される第2の洗浄工程において、前記パージガス吸気流を前記第2の手段から受け取り、前記第5の手段の空隙容積内に捕捉された前記供給ガスの少なくとも1つの成分を含む前記パージガス排気流を前記第3の手段に供給する、第5の手段と、
前記燃料排出流から分離された前記水素を第1の流れおよび第2の流れに分割し、前記第1の流れを炭化水素燃料吸入流に供給し、前記第2の流れを前記水素貯蔵容器または前記水素使用装置に供給する第6の手段と、
を備えるシステム。
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-
2005
- 2005-07-25 US US11/188,123 patent/US7520916B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-07-24 WO PCT/US2006/028612 patent/WO2007014126A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-07-24 EP EP06788269A patent/EP1912722A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-07-24 JP JP2008524021A patent/JP5113748B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7520916B2 (en) | 2009-04-21 |
| JP2009503788A (ja) | 2009-01-29 |
| US20070017367A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
| WO2007014126A2 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
| WO2007014126A3 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
| EP1912722A4 (en) | 2009-06-24 |
| EP1912722A2 (en) | 2008-04-23 |
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