JP5247196B2 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5247196B2 JP5247196B2 JP2008072176A JP2008072176A JP5247196B2 JP 5247196 B2 JP5247196 B2 JP 5247196B2 JP 2008072176 A JP2008072176 A JP 2008072176A JP 2008072176 A JP2008072176 A JP 2008072176A JP 5247196 B2 JP5247196 B2 JP 5247196B2
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 55
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 lithium transition metal Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC1 BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical class [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009783 overcharge test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKFQMDFSDQFAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CC(C)S(=O)(=O)C1 WKFQMDFSDQFAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZXIZTKNFFYFOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazolidone Chemical compound O=C1NCCO1 IZXIZTKNFFYFOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SKIIKRJAQOSWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-[1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)piperidin-4-yl]oxy-4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]pyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound FC(CN1CCC(CC1)OC1=NN(C=C1C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NC1CC2=CC=CC=C2C1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)F SKIIKRJAQOSWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCS(=O)(=O)C1 CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- DISYGAAFCMVRKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl ethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCC DISYGAAFCMVRKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWBMVXOCTXTBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OC FWBMVXOCTXTBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
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-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
A材:LiwNixCoyMnzO2(但し、1.00≦w≦1.30、x+y+z=1、0.40≦x≦0.50、0.30≦y≦0.40)
B材:LiwNixCoyMnzO2(但し、1.00≦w≦1.30、x+y+z=1、0.30≦x≦0.35、0.30≦y≦0.35)
[正極活物質の作製]
まず、各種組成のNi、Co、Mnを含む硫酸溶液に炭酸水素ナトリウムを加えることによって炭酸塩を共沈させた。この後、これらの炭酸塩を熱分解反応させて原料酸化物を得た。次いで、リチウム源の出発原料として炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)を用意した後、これらを乳鉢で混合し、得られた混合物を空気中で850℃で20時間焼成して、所定組成のリチウム含有ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物の焼成体を合成した。この後、合成した焼成体を平均粒径が10μmになるまで粉砕した。所定組成に合成されたA材及びB材は更に所定の配合比で混合した後、正極活物質として使用した。なお、A材及びB材中のNi、Co、Mn量はそれぞれ誘導結合プラズマ(ICP:Inductivery Coupled Plasma)発光分析法により分析した。
A材:Li1.00Ni0.50Co0.30Mn0.20O2
B材:Li1.00Ni0.35Co0.35Mn0.30O2
また、実施例1〜5で使用した正極活物質中のA材とB材の配合比(モル比)は、それぞれ100:0(比較例1)、90:10(実施例1)、80:20(実施例2)、50:50(実施例3)、20:80(実施例4)、10:90(実施例5)及び0:100(比較例2)である。
上述のようにして作成された各種組成の正極活物質が85質量部、導電剤としての炭素粉末が10質量部、結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)粉末が5質量部となるよう混合し、これをN−メチルピロリドン(NMP)溶液と混合してスラリーを調製した。このスラリーを厚さ20μmのアルミニウム製の集電体の両面にドクターブレード法により塗布して、正極集電体の両面に活物質層を形成した。その後、圧縮ローラーを用いて160μmに圧縮し、短辺の長さが55mm、長辺の長さが500mmの正極極板を作製した。
天然黒鉛粉末が95質量部と、PVdF粉末が5質量部となるように混合し、これらの混合物をNMP溶液と混合してスラリーを調製し、このスラリーを厚さ18μmの銅製の集電体の両面にドクターブレード法により塗布して活物質層を形成した。その後、圧縮ローラーを用いて155μmに圧縮し、短辺の長さが57mm、長辺の長さが550mmの負極極板を作製した。なお、黒鉛の電位はLi基準で0.1Vである。また、正極及び負極の活物質充填量は、設計基準となる正極活物質の電位において、正極と負極の充電容量比(負極充電容量/正極充電容量)を1.1となるように調整した。
エチレンカーボネートとジエチルカーボネートとの等体積混合溶媒に、LiPF6を1mol/Lとなるように溶解して非水電解液とし、これを電池作製に供した。なお、この非水電解液にビニレンカーボネートを全電解液量に対して3質量%となるように添加した。
上記のようにして作製された正極極板と負極極板とをポリプロピレン製微多孔膜からなるセパレータを介して円筒状に巻回して巻回状電極体を作製し、この巻回状電極体を円筒状の電池外装缶内に挿入し、電池外装缶の開口部から上記非水電解液を注入した後、電流遮断封口体によって電池外装缶を密閉することにより、実施例1〜5、比較例1及び2の非水電解質二次電池を作製した。得られた非水電解質二次電池は、高さ65mm×直径18mmであり、理論容量は1600mAhである。
実施例1〜5、比較例1及び2で使用した各正極活物質材料について、それぞれ試料充填部φ2cmのペレッタに充填し、0.3ton/cm2の荷重をかけた後に粉体の充填密度を評価した。結果は比較例1の充填密度を100と規格化したときに相対値で表した。結果を纏めて表1に示した。
実施例1〜5、比較例1及び2の電池を、それぞれ60℃の温度環境で、1It=1600mAの定電流で電池電圧が4.2Vになるまで充電し、電池電圧が4.2Vに達した後は4.2Vの定電圧で充電電流が30mAになるまで充電した。その後、1Itの定電流で電池電圧が2.75Vになるまで放電した。これを1サイクル目の充放電とした。次いで、このような充放電を300サイクル繰り返して行い、1サイクル目の放電容量に対する300サイクル目の放電容量の比率(%)を、容量維持率(%)として求めた。結果を表1に纏めて示した。
実施例1〜5、比較例1及び2の電池を、それぞれ定電流5Aで3時間過充電した際、電池が発煙・発火した場合に、異常と判定する過充電試験を行った。結果を纏めて表1に示した。
実施例6〜9、比較例3〜10の電池としては、B材として組成がLi1.00Ni0.35Co0.30Mn0.35O2のものを用い、A材としては種々x、y組成の材料を用い、A:B=50:50(モル比)で混合使用した点以外は実施例1〜5と同様にして、実施例6〜9、比較例3〜10に係る非水電解質二次電池を作製した。そして、実施例1〜5の場合と同様にして高温サイクル試験を行った。結果を纏めて表2に示した。なお、表2においては、比較例3〜10の結果と対比する都合上、実施例6〜9の結果については複数回表示してある。
実施例10〜11、比較例11〜18の電池としては、A材として組成がLi1.00Ni0.50Co0.30Mn0.20O2のものを用い、B材としては種々x、y組成の材料を用い、A:B=50:50(モル比)で混合使用した点以外は実施例1〜5と同様にして、実施例10〜11、比較例11〜18に係る非水電解質二次電池を作製した。そして、実施例1〜5の場合と同様にして高温サイクル試験を行った。結果を纏めて表3に示した。なお、表3においては、比較例11〜18の結果と対比する都合上、実施例3、6、10及び11の結果については複数回表示してある。
Claims (5)
- リチウムイオンの吸蔵・放出が可能な正極活物質を備えた正極極板と、リチウムイオンの吸蔵・放出が可能な負極活物質を備えた負極極板と、非水電解質と、を備えた非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記正極活物質は以下のA材及びB材の混合物であることを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池。
A材:LiwNixCoyMnzO2(但し、1.00≦w≦1.30、x+y+z=1、0.40≦x≦0.50、0.30≦y≦0.40)
B材:LiwNixCoyMnzO2(但し、1.00≦w≦1.30、x+y+z=1、0.30≦x≦0.35、0.30≦y≦0.35) - 前記A材とB材の混合比(モル比)はA:B=1:9〜9:1であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記wは1.01≦w≦1.20の範囲内にあることを特徴とする。請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記非水電解質はビニレンカーボネートを1.5〜5質量%含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質は炭素質物からなることを特徴とする請求項1〜4の何れかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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| US12/397,467 US8021782B2 (en) | 2008-03-19 | 2009-03-04 | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
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| WO2012011189A1 (ja) * | 2010-07-23 | 2012-01-26 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
| EP2421077B1 (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2013-10-23 | Umicore | Positive electrode materials combining high safety and high power in a Li rechargeable battery |
| US20120202121A1 (en) * | 2011-02-04 | 2012-08-09 | Toyota Motor Engin. & Manufact. N.A.(TEMA) | High voltage battery for a lithium battery |
| US20120237837A1 (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2012-09-20 | E-One Moli Energy (Canada) Limited | Additives for improving the high temperature performance in non-aqueous rechargeable lithium-ion batteries |
| JP6086501B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-18 | 2017-03-01 | エルジー ケム. エルティーディ. | 正極活物質、及びそれを含むリチウム二次電池 |
| JP6112380B2 (ja) | 2012-03-07 | 2017-04-12 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 正極活物質、電気デバイス用正極及び電気デバイス |
| JP6156713B2 (ja) | 2012-03-07 | 2017-07-05 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 正極活物質、電気デバイス用正極及び電気デバイス |
| KR101443500B1 (ko) * | 2013-02-15 | 2014-09-22 | 삼성정밀화학 주식회사 | 리튬금속산화물 및 이를 포함하는 리튬이차전지 |
| KR101662641B1 (ko) * | 2014-03-24 | 2016-10-05 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 및 그를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
| JP6518061B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-18 | 2019-05-22 | 株式会社エンビジョンAescジャパン | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
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| JP4404179B2 (ja) * | 2001-12-06 | 2010-01-27 | ソニー株式会社 | 正極活物質およびこれを用いた二次電池 |
| JP2003303592A (ja) * | 2002-04-10 | 2003-10-24 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | 非水電解液二次電池 |
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| JP4273422B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-09 | 2009-06-03 | ソニー株式会社 | 正極材料および電池 |
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