JP5290077B2 - Biological model for training and manufacturing method of biological model for training - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a biological model for training, making a biological model for training approximate to the physical property of a lesion region to perform training when training is performed for improving a technique of an operator using the biological model for training; and to provide a method of manufacturing the same, manufacturing the above biological model for training. <P>SOLUTION: The biological model 1 for training is formed by a tubular body having a lumen part, and includes a right coronary artery 4 as a pseudo-blood vessel imitating a tubular tissue. The right coronary artery 4 is formed of plastically deformable material, and the middle in the longitudinal direction is reduced in diameter and plastically deformed to form a diameter reduced part (a pseudo-lesion region 21). The diameter reduced part is regarded as a constriction part caused in a blood vessel, and used for dilation training for performing dilation for the constriction part. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a training biological model and a manufacturing method of the training biological model.

  As one of the percutaneous coronary angioplasty, for example, PTCA (Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty) is known.

  In this PTCA technique, when the transfemoral artery method is applied, the blood flow in the blood vessel is recovered through the following procedure. That is, I.I. First, insert a sheath catheter into the femoral artery, then insert a guide catheter guide wire into the femoral artery, and advance the guide catheter along the guide catheter guide wire with its tip advanced to the vicinity of the coronary artery entrance. The tip is located at the coronary ostium. II. Next, the guide wire for the guide catheter is removed, the guide wire for the balloon catheter is inserted into the guide catheter, the guide wire for the balloon catheter is projected from the distal end of the guide catheter, and a stenotic site (lesion) occurring in the coronary artery Advance to a position beyond (part). III. Next, the balloon catheter is advanced to the stenosis site via the balloon catheter guide wire, and after the balloon portion is positioned at the stenosis site, the balloon is inflated to widen the stenosis site, that is, the blood vessel wall and re-open the blood passage. Form and restore blood flow.

  As described above, in order to position the balloon catheter at the stenosis site, there are complicated steps, and the operator is required to have a very advanced technique.

  Therefore, in recent years, in addition to surgery for patients, development of a biological model used for training for improving an operator's technique is required.

  As such a living body model, for example, Patent Document 1 proposes a method of manufacturing a tube model using a tube such as a blood vessel or a lymph vessel.

  That is, in Patent Document 1, first, a cavity region of the subject is extracted based on the tomographic image data of the subject obtained by an image diagnostic apparatus such as a CT scanner or an MRI scanner, and corresponds to the cavity region. Laminate the lumen model. Next, the three-dimensional model molding material is cured in a state where the periphery of the lumen model is surrounded by the three-dimensional model molding material, and then the lumen model is removed to form a tube model (three-dimensional model).

  In the three-dimensional model having such a configuration, an elastic material such as silicone rubber or polyurethane elastomer is used as the three-dimensional model molding material, and the tube model is formed by approximating the physical properties of blood vessels and lymph vessels. Since this three-dimensional model is formed so as to surround the lumen model, the stenosis site, which is a lesion site, is also formed integrally with the tube, and exhibits the same physical properties as the tube, that is, elasticity. It will be. However, for example, a stenosis site formed in a blood vessel is mainly composed of plaques (deposits) on which cholesterol is deposited, so that its physical properties are significantly different from those of blood vessels.

  Therefore, in the three-dimensional model described in Patent Document 1, it is not possible to carry out training corresponding to the physical properties of the actual plaque generated in the stenosis site, and the state of the plaque after the balloon is inflated at the stenosis site cannot be confirmed. There is a problem that it is impossible to know how the blood flow path is reconstructed.

Japanese Patent No. 361568

  An object of the present invention is to train a biological model for training by approximating physical properties of an actual lesion when performing training for improving the skill of an operator using the biological model for training. It is an object of the present invention to provide a training biological model and a training biological model manufacturing method for manufacturing the training biological model.

Such an object is achieved by the present invention of the following (1) to ( 10 ).
(1) It is composed of a tubular body having a lumen, and includes a pseudo-tubular tissue that imitates a tubular tissue,
The pseudo-tubular structure is composed of at least one plastically deformable thermoplastic resin of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, nylon elastomer, soft polyvinyl chloride, and ethylene / propylene copolymer , The reduced diameter part is formed by reducing the diameter in the middle of the longitudinal direction and plastic deformation,
A living body model for training characterized in that the reduced diameter portion is regarded as a stenosis portion generated in a tubular tissue and used for expansion training for expanding the stenosis portion.

  (2) The training biological model according to (1), wherein the reduced diameter portion is plastically deformed so as not to return to the shape before expansion when the expansion training is performed.

(3) The pseudo-tubular tissue has heat shrinkability,
The training biological model according to (1) or (2), wherein the reduced diameter portion is a portion formed by heating the pseudo tubular tissue.

(4) The pseudo-tubular tissue can be stretched in the longitudinal direction,
The reduced diameter portion is the biological model for training according to the above (1) or (2), wherein the reduced diameter portion is a portion formed by pulling the pseudo-tubular tissue in the opposite direction along the longitudinal direction.

( 5 ) The living body model for training according to any one of (1) to ( 4 ), wherein the reduced diameter portion has a portion whose inner diameter is changed.

( 6 ) The training according to any one of (1) to ( 5 ), wherein a blocking member that prevents a part of the diameter-reducing portion from expanding when the expansion training is performed is installed. Biological model.

(7) one or more medical instruments, after reaching the reduced diameter portion by inserting the pseudo-tubular tissue, the above (1) to be used in training to expand the reduced diameter portion ( The biological model for training according to any one of 6 ).

( 8 ) A method of manufacturing the training biological model according to any one of (1) to ( 7 ) above,
The pseudo-tubular tissue has heat shrinkability,
A method for manufacturing a living body model for training, wherein the reduced diameter portion is formed by heating the middle of the pseudo tubular tissue.

( 9 ) A method of manufacturing the training biological model according to any one of (1) to ( 7 ),
The pseudo-tubular tissue is stretchable in the longitudinal direction;
A method for producing a living body model for training, wherein the reduced diameter portion is formed by pulling the pseudo tubular tissue in opposite directions along the longitudinal direction thereof.

( 10 ) The method for producing a living body model for training according to ( 8 ) or ( 9 ) above, wherein when the reduced diameter portion is formed, a regulating member that restricts the degree of the reduced diameter of the reduced diameter portion is used.

  According to the present invention, the reduced diameter portion approximated to the physical property of the narrowed portion generated in the tubular tissue can be arranged at an arbitrary size (shape) in an arbitrary position of the pseudo tubular tissue. Therefore, since the training corresponding to various patient pathologies can be carried out using the training biological model having the reduced diameter portion, the surgeon learns more advanced techniques at a place other than the operation performed on the patient. be able to.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the artery (a heart is included) in a human body whole body. It is a whole photograph of what applied the artery shown in Drawing 1 to a solid model. It is a mimetic diagram showing an embodiment (the 1st embodiment) when the living body model for training of the present invention is arranged in the right coronary artery. It is a figure which shows the procedure of performing the training of PTCA operation with respect to the biological model for training arrange | positioned in the right coronary artery. It is a longitudinal section showing a living body model for training of the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the state of the biological model for training after training. It is a figure for demonstrating the method to manufacture the biological model for training of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the method to manufacture the biological model for training of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the method to manufacture the biological model for training of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the method to manufacture the biological model for training of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the method to manufacture the biological model for training of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the method to manufacture the biological model for training of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the connection method with respect to the biological model for training of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the connection method with respect to the biological model for training of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the connection method with respect to the biological model for training of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the connection method with respect to the biological model for training of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows 2nd Embodiment of the biological model for training of this invention. It is the sectional view on the AA line in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows 3rd Embodiment of the biological model for training of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows 4th Embodiment of the biological model for training of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows 5th Embodiment of the biological model for training of this invention. It is the BB sectional view taken on the line in FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows embodiment (6th Embodiment) when the biological model for training of this invention is arrange | positioned in the left coronary artery. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows 6th Embodiment of the biological model for training of this invention. It is a figure for showing the frequent occurrence site of a lesion where the living body model for training of the present invention is arranged. It is a figure which shows the test method which tests the material characteristic of a pseudo-tubular member. It is a graph which shows the material characteristic (change with time of stress) of the pseudo tubular member tested by the test method shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, a living body model for training and a manufacturing method of a living body model for training of the present invention will be described in detail based on preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing arteries (including the heart) in the whole human body, FIG. 2 is an overall photograph of the arteries shown in FIG. 1 applied to a three-dimensional model, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment (first embodiment) when placed in a coronary artery, FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a procedure for performing PTCA surgery on a training biological model placed in the right coronary artery, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the state of the training biological model of the present invention, FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the state of the training biological model after training, and FIGS. FIG. 13 to FIG. 16 are diagrams for explaining the connection method to the training biological model of the present invention, and FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining the training biological model of the present invention. The perspective view which shows 2 embodiment, FIG. 18 is the AA line in FIG. FIG. 19 is a perspective view showing a third embodiment of the living biological model for training of the present invention, FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing the fourth embodiment of the living biological model for training of the present invention, and FIG. The perspective view which shows 5th Embodiment of the biological model for training of invention, FIG. 22 is BB sectional drawing in FIG. 21, FIG. 23 is the case where the biological model for training of this invention is arrange | positioned in the left coronary artery FIG. 24 is a schematic view showing the sixth embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 24 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the sixth embodiment of the biological model for training of the present invention, and FIG. 25 is the biological model for training of the present invention. FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a site where lesions are likely to occur, FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a test method for testing the material characteristics of the pseudo-tubular member, and FIG. 27 is a material of the pseudo-tubular member tested by the test method shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows a characteristic (time-dependent change of stress). In the following description, the upper side in FIGS. 3 to 26 is referred to as “upper” and the lower side is referred to as “lower”. 3, 23, and 25 also illustrate the shape of the heart so that the shape and position of the coronary artery can be easily understood.

  The three-dimensional model shown in FIG. 2 is artificially manufactured by reproducing the various tubular tissues of a human living body including tubular tissues such as blood vessels (arteries, veins), lymphatic vessels, bile ducts, ureters, and oviducts. It is a thing. Using this three-dimensional model, a medical device such as a balloon catheter is made to reach the pseudo-lesion, and then the pseudo-lesion is expanded to secure a flow path or to place a stent in the expanded pseudo-lesion Training is conducted. In the following, an example in which a pseudo-lesion that simulates a lesion occurring in the artery is provided (provided) in a pseudo-tubular tissue (simulating a tubular tissue) formed corresponding to the shape of the artery will be described. To do.

  Arteries (including the heart) in the whole human body have a shape as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. A three-dimensional model corresponding to the shape of the artery is manufactured as follows based on, for example, the description of Japanese Patent No. 3613568.

  First, tomographic image data of a cavity (blood flow path) provided in an artery is obtained using an image diagnostic apparatus such as a CT scanner or an MRI scanner, and then based on the tomographic image data corresponding to the lumen of the artery. Then, a lumen model that forms the shape of the lumen of the artery is layered.

  Next, after hardening the three-dimensional model molding material in a state in which the periphery of the lumen model is surrounded by the three-dimensional model molding material, the lumen model is removed, and the shape of the artery as shown in the whole photograph of FIG. An arterial model (three-dimensional model) corresponding to is formed.

  By placing a pseudo-lesioned part at an arbitrary position such as a coronary artery, a cerebral artery, a carotid artery, a renal artery, a brachial artery, etc. After the medical instrument is positioned at the pseudo-lesioned portion (stenosis model), training to secure the flow path can be performed by expanding the pseudo-lesioned portion. In the present embodiment, the living body model 1 for training is configured such that a pseudo-lesioned part (pseudo-stenosis part) 21 is disposed on a coronary artery (pseudo-tubular tissue) 10 included in an arterial model.

  The coronary artery 10 includes a left coronary artery 3 and a right coronary artery 4 that branch left and right in the Valsalva sinus of the aorta 5.

  The right coronary artery 4 exits from the upper part of the right coronary sinus, one of the Valsalva caves, and is covered with the right atrial appendage and travels between the right atrium and the pulmonary artery, and sharp edges along the interatrial groove A blood vessel that feeds the rear wall of the left ventricle and the lower side of the septum is derived from the posterior interventricular groove through the part 41 and toward the descending descending branch 42.

  In the right coronary artery 4, the upper half of the right coronary artery 4 from the entrance to the sharp edge 41 is called Segment1 (# 1: Proxy), and the lower half is called Segment2 (# 2: Middle). The process from the sharp edge 41 to the branch at the descending descending branch 42 is referred to as Segment 3 (# 3: distal). Further, the branch and subsequent branches of the rear descending branch 42 are referred to as Segment 4, and this Segment 4 is divided into three parts, # 4AV, # 4PD, and # 4PL.

  The left coronary artery 3 branches leftward from the upper part of the left coronary sinus, which is one of the Valsalva sinus, and branches into a left anterior descending branch 31 and a left convoluted branch 32 that enter the anterior chamber groove.

  A portion from the aorta 5 to the branch to the left anterior descending branch 31 and the left rotating branch 32 is referred to as a left main trunk 33 (Segment 5). The left front descending branch 31 is subdivided into Segments 6 to 10, and the main trunk of the left front descending branch 31 is Segment 6 (# 6: Proximal), Segment 7 (# 7: Middle), Segment 8 (# 8: (segment 9), segment 9 (# 9: first diagonal branch) branches from between segment 6 and segment 7, and segment 10 (# 10: second diagonal branch) from between segment 7 and segment 8. Branched. Further, the left circumflex branch 32 is subdivided into Segments 11 to 15, and the main trunk of the left convolution branch 32 is classified into two segments, Segment 11 (# 11: Proximal) and Segment 13 (# 13: distal). Segment 12 (# 12: obtuse marginal branch: OM) branches off from the connection part of Segment 11 and Segment 13.

<< First Embodiment >>
The training biological model 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 includes a right coronary artery 4 (Segment 2) of the coronary artery 10, a pseudo-lesioned portion 21 arranged in the right coronary artery 4, and both ends of the right coronary artery 4. And a connecting part 11 provided in each part. In the right coronary artery 4, the end portion of the Segment 2 is connected to the Segment 1 and the Segment 3 via the respective connection portions 11. In this case, each connection part 11 is preferably configured to be detachable from Segment 1 and Segment 3.

  In addition, PTCA training is performed on the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 arranged at such a position, and such training is performed in the following procedure.

  [1] First, a sheath catheter (not shown) is inserted into the femoral artery, then a guide catheter guide wire (not shown) is inserted into the femoral artery, and the distal end is advanced to the vicinity of the entrance of the right coronary artery 4 Then, the guide catheter 61 is advanced along the guide wire for the guide catheter, and the distal end thereof is positioned at the entrance of the right coronary artery 4 (see FIG. 4A).

  [2] Next, the guide catheter guide wire 62 is removed, the balloon catheter guide wire 62 is inserted into the guide catheter 61, the balloon catheter guide wire 62 projects from the distal end of the guide catheter 61, and the right coronary artery 4. The guide wire 62 for the balloon catheter is advanced to a position beyond the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 disposed in (see FIG. 4B).

  [3] Next, the distal end portion of the balloon catheter 63 inserted from the proximal end (femoral artery) side of the balloon catheter guide wire 62 is projected from the distal end of the guide catheter 61, and further along the balloon catheter guide wire 62. The balloon 64 is inflated by injecting a balloon inflation fluid into the balloon 64 from the proximal end side of the balloon catheter 63 after the balloon 64 of the balloon catheter 63 is positioned at the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 (see FIG. 4 (c).) Thereby, the pseudo-lesioned part 21 is pushed and expanded.

  [4] Next, the balloon inflation fluid is discharged from the proximal end side of the balloon catheter 63, and the balloon 64 is deflated as shown in FIG. Thereafter, the balloon catheter guide wire 62, balloon catheter 63, guide catheter 61 and sheath catheter are removed from the femoral artery side. Thereby, a blood flow path is formed in the pseudo-lesioned part 21.

  As shown in FIG. 5 (the same applies to FIG. 6), the right coronary artery 4 is formed of a tubular body having a lumen 43. In the middle of the right coronary artery 4 in the longitudinal direction, a reduced diameter portion whose inner diameter and outer diameter are reduced is formed. This reduced diameter part can be regarded as a stenosis part generated in an artery (blood vessel). Therefore, the reduced diameter part becomes a pseudo-lesioned part 21 used for expansion training for expanding the stenosis part.

  The right coronary artery 4 is made of a plastically deformable material, and the material is not particularly limited, and polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, nylon elastomer, soft polyvinyl chloride, ethylene / propylene copolymer. Examples thereof include thermoplastic resins such as polymers, and one or more of these can be used in combination. Of these thermoplastic resins, it is particularly preferable to use polyethylene. In this case, a resin in which different densities, that is, crystallinity, such as low density polyethylene and high density polyethylene are mixed can also be used. Further, the hardness of the right coronary artery 4 made of polyethylene is preferably 20 to 80 in Shore A (as defined in JIS K6253), and more preferably 25 to 35. The breaking strength is preferably 5 to 30 MPa, and more preferably 8 to 12 MPa. The elongation at break is preferably about 100 to 600%, more preferably about 100 to 200%.

  Using such polyethylene, the tubular body 40 serving as a base material of the right coronary artery 4 is molded so as to have heat shrinkability. Next, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 12, when forming the pseudo lesioned part 21 in the right coronary artery 4, the lesioned part forming region 20 in which the pseudo lesioned part 21 of the tubular body 40 is to be formed is heated or pulled. As a result, the lesion-forming region 20 is reduced in diameter, and the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 is reliably formed. In addition, when the pseudo-lesioned part 21 configured with such a reduced diameter part is subjected to expansion training, the pseudo-lesioned part 21 is expanded and deformed (expanded). The expanded and deformed pseudo-lesioned portion 21 is plastically deformed to such an extent that it does not return to the shape before expansion (substantially the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 disappears), and therefore its deformed state (expanded state). Is reliably maintained (see FIG. 4). Further, since the tubular body 40 is made of polyethylene, the tubular body 40 can be easily formed by, for example, extrusion molding.

  In addition, the plastically deformable material constituting the right coronary artery 4, that is, the thermoplastic resin has a material characteristic that the stress relaxation rate is preferably 20 to 60%, more preferably 20 to 30%.

  Here, the “stress relaxation rate” is obtained (defined) for the tubular body 40 at room temperature by the test method shown in FIG.

  First, as shown in FIG. 26A, the tubular body 40 is formed into a strip 403, and one end (left side in the figure) of the strip 403 is fixed to become a fixed end 401, and the other end (right side in the figure) is It is a free end 402. Further, the strip 403 at this time has an overall length L.

Next, from the state shown in FIG. 26A, the free end 402 of the strip 403 is pulled to the right side (longitudinal direction) in the drawing at a predetermined speed (tensile speed) (see FIG. 26B). The conditions at this time are pulled so that the total length becomes 2 L in one minute. The initial tensile stress when the total length becomes 2 L is defined as f ₀ (see FIG. 26B).

Next, the speed (pulling speed) is set to zero from the state shown in FIG. Then, the tensile stress after 5 minutes of the velocity to zero and f _t (see FIG. 26 (c)).

Therefore, it is assumed that can represent a "stress relaxation ratio" in _{((f 0 -f t) /} f 0) × 100.

  Since the stress relaxation rate is within such a numerical range, the pseudo-lesioned part 21 (the right coronary artery 4) is more reliably deformed during expansion training, and thus approximates to an actual human artery. It becomes. Thereby, when extended training is performed, the same feeling as if the training is performing an actual procedure (PTCA technique) is obtained. The magnitude of the stress relaxation rate can be adjusted, for example, by appropriately selecting a constituent material or changing the molecular weight or molecular structure (crystallinity).

  Further, the tensile elastic modulus in the circumferential direction of the right coronary artery 4 is preferably 0.5 to 50 MPa, and more preferably 0.5 to 5.0 MPa.

Also, the right coronary artery 4, the portion other than the pseudo lesion 21 is formed, the inner diameter .phi.d ₁ and outer diameter .phi.d ₂ is constant, respectively along the longitudinal direction. Such right coronary artery 4 is preferably one that satisfies the relationship of the ratio _d 2 / _{d 1} is 1.01 to 2, the ratio _d 2 / _{d 1} is the one that satisfies the 1.01 to 1.2 the relationship More preferred. Furthermore, the inner diameter φd ₁ of the right coronary artery 4 (Segment 2) is preferably set to about 2 to 5 mm.

The minimum inner diameter φd ₃ of the pseudo-lesioned part 21 is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to set φd ₃ so that (φd ₁ −φd ₃ ) / φd ₁ is 50 to 100%. By setting the minimum inner diameter φd ₃ of the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 within such a range, training suitable for the stenosis degree of the actual stenosis site can be surely performed, and the skill of the operator can be improved accurately.

  Further, the length of the pseudo-lesioned part 21 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 1 to 100 mm, and more preferably about 5 to 50 mm. By setting the length of the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 within such a range, it is possible to carry out training more suitable for the size of the actual lesion site (stenosis site).

  At both end portions of the pseudo-lesioned portion 21, inclined surfaces (tapered surfaces) 22 whose inner surfaces are inclined, that is, whose inner diameter gradually increases from the inner side toward the outer side, are formed. Thereby, when the balloon 64 reaches the pseudo-lesioned part 21 in the step [3], the balloon catheter 63 can be placed along the inclined surface 22 of the pseudo-lesioned part 21, and thus the operation is easy and reliable. Can be done. The inclined surface 22 is not particularly limited, but is preferably inclined at an angle of about 15 ° to 65 ° with respect to the central axis of the right coronary artery 4, and is inclined at an angle of about 22 ° to 55 °. More preferably. Thereby, the training more suitable for the shape of the actual stenosis part can be implemented reliably.

  Next, the state of the living body model 1 for training when the PTCA surgery is performed using the living body model 1 (three-dimensional model) for training will be described in detail.

  When PTCA training is performed using the training biological model 1, the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 is pressed outward by the inflated balloon 64 in the step [3] shown in FIG. Thereby, the pseudo lesion part 21 expands and deforms, and the pseudo lesion part 21 substantially disappears.

  Then, after removing the balloon catheter guide wire 62 and the balloon catheter 63 from the pseudo-lesioned part 21 in the step [4] shown in FIG. 4D, the pseudo-lesioned part 21 is plastically deformed as described above. Therefore, the expanded and deformed state, that is, the shape expanded by the balloon 64 is maintained without returning to the shape before expansion. This is almost the same phenomenon as when the stenosis part is expanded when PTCA is performed on the stenosis part actually generated in the human right coronary artery.

  Thus, by using the biological training model 1, the training biological model 1 approximates the physical properties of the actual lesion when performing training aimed at improving the skill of the surgeon. Therefore, it is possible to reliably perform training in accordance with the actual technique.

  Moreover, since the training can be carried out while observing the degree of expansion of the balloon 64 in the step [3] and the expansion of the pseudo-lesioned part 21 by visual observation or an X-ray contrast image, the quality is higher from this viewpoint. Training can be carried out.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, the stent 81 is placed in the pseudo lesioned part 21 after the blood flow is restored by the step [4], that is, the pseudo lesioned part 21 after the PTCA operation is performed. As a result, restenosis of the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 can be prevented. The training biological model 1 can also be used for training for treatment in which such a stent 81 is placed, and if the training biological model 1 is used for such training, it is evaluated whether restenosis is suitably prevented. It can be implemented more reliably.

  The training biological model 1 having the above configuration can be manufactured, for example, by forming the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 in the Segment 2 of the right coronary artery 4 as follows. Here, a method of manufacturing the biological model for training 1 will be described.

<First manufacturing method>
First, as shown in FIG. 7A, a tubular body 40 as a base material that becomes the right coronary artery 4 is prepared. As described above, the tubular body 40 is made of polyethylene and has heat shrinkability.

  Next, as shown in FIG.7 (b), for example, 80-120 degree | times hot air is given with respect to the lesioned part formation area 20 of the tubular body 40 (right coronary artery 4) using the heat gun 100 like a hair dryer. The affected part formation region 20 is heated by applying. Then, heating is stopped when the diameter of the lesioned part forming region 20 is reduced to a desired size. Thereby, the right coronary artery 4 in which the pseudo lesioned part 21 is formed is obtained.

  Note that the degree of stenosis of the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 can be appropriately changed depending on the heating time and temperature.

<Second production method>
First, as shown in FIG. 8A, a tubular body 40 is prepared.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 8 (b), for example, using a soldering iron 200 used for soldering, a tip set to, for example, 80 to 120 degrees with respect to the lesion-forming region 20 of the tubular body 40. The lesion-forming region 20 is heated by applying 201. When the diameter of the lesioned part forming region 20 is reduced and the size becomes a desired size, the tip 201 is separated from the lesioned part forming region 20. Thereby, the right coronary artery 4 in which the pseudo lesioned part 21 is formed is obtained.

<Third production method>
As shown in FIG. 9A, a tubular body 40 is prepared.

In addition, a pair of regulating members 300 used by being inserted through the tubular body 40 are prepared. Each regulating member 300 regulates the degree of diameter reduction of the lesion formation area 20 (pseudo lesion 21). Since the pair of restricting members 300 have the same configuration, the one restricting member 300 will be representatively described. The restricting member 300 has a rod shape, and its outer diameter is changed, that is, a small diameter portion 301, a large diameter portion 302, and an outer diameter gradually decreasing portion located between the small diameter portion 301 and the large diameter portion 302. 303. The small diameter portion 301 and the large diameter portion 302 are formed at both ends of the regulating member 300. The outer diameter gradually decreasing portion 303 is a portion whose outer diameter gradually decreases from the large diameter portion 302 toward the small diameter portion 301. The small diameter portion 301 is responsible for forming a portion that becomes the minimum inner diameter φd ₃ of the pseudo-lesioned portion 21, and the outer diameter gradually decreasing portion 303 is responsible for forming a portion that becomes the inclined surface 22 of the pseudo-lesioned portion 21. The large diameter portion 302 is responsible for forming a portion other than the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 of the right coronary artery 4.

  As shown in FIG. 9B, each regulating member 300 is inserted into the tubular body 40 from the small diameter portion 301 side, and the end surfaces are in contact with each other. At this time, each small diameter part 301 is positioned in the lesioned part forming region 20 of the tubular body 40.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 9C, the tubular body 40 is heated by applying hot air of, for example, 80 to 120 degrees to the entire tubular body 40 using the heat gun 100.

  And as shown in FIG.9 (d), when the diameter of the whole tubular body 40 shrinks and the inner peripheral surface contact | abuts to the outer peripheral surface of each control member 300, a heating is stopped.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 9E, each regulating member 300 is removed. Thereby, the right coronary artery 4 in which the pseudo lesioned part 21 is formed is obtained. In addition, since the restriction member 300 is used, the degree of diameter reduction of the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 is constant, and the right coronary artery 4 having a uniform shape can be mass-produced.

<Fourth manufacturing method>
As shown in FIG. 10A, a tubular body 40 is prepared.

  Further, a regulating member 500 that is used by being inserted through the tubular body 40 is prepared. The regulating member 500 regulates the degree of diameter reduction of the lesioned part forming region 20 (pseudolesioned part 21). The regulating member 500 obtains tomographic image data in the vicinity of the stenosis of the right human right coronary artery using an image diagnostic apparatus such as a CT scanner or an MRI scanner, and then uses a three-dimensional printer based on the tomographic image data. It is a modeled one. Therefore, the regulating member 500 is formed with a plurality of outer diameter changing portions 501 whose outer diameter has changed. And each outer diameter change part 501 can take charge of forming the part used as the pseudo-lesioned part 21, respectively. Further, the regulating member 500 is made of a photocurable resin, gypsum, silicon rubber, or the like.

  As shown in FIG. 10 (b), the regulating member 500 is inserted into the tubular body 40. At this time, each outer diameter change part 501 is located in the lesioned part formation area 20 of the tubular body 40. In this state, the tubular body 40 is heated by applying hot air of, for example, 80 to 120 degrees to the entire tubular body 40 using the heat gun 100.

  And as shown in FIG.10 (c), when the diameter of the whole tubular body 40 shrinks and the inner peripheral surface contact | abuts to the outer peripheral surface of each control member 500, a heating is stopped.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 10D, the regulating member 500 is removed by crushing, dissolving, and stretching. Thereby, the right coronary artery 4 having the pseudo-lesioned part 21 whose inner diameter is changed is obtained. Further, since the regulating member 500 is used, the right coronary artery 4 having a uniform shape can be mass-produced.

<Fifth manufacturing method>
First, as shown in FIG. 11A, a tubular body 40 is prepared. The tubular body 40 is made of polyethylene as described above, and can be stretched in the longitudinal direction.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 11B, forceps 400 are attached to both ends of the lesioned region 20 of the tubular body 40 (right coronary artery 4). And in this state, each forceps 400 is each hold | gripped and the tubular body 40 is pulled in the mutually opposite direction along the longitudinal direction.

  And as shown in FIG.11 (c), when the diameter of the lesion part formation area | region 20 expands and shrinks by this tension operation and the magnitude | size becomes a desired magnitude | size, the said tension operation will be stopped. Thereafter, each forceps 400 is removed. Thereby, the right coronary artery 4 in which the pseudo lesioned part 21 is formed is obtained.

  Note that the degree of stenosis of the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 can be appropriately changed depending on the degree of stretching in the pulling operation.

<Sixth manufacturing method>
A tubular body 40 is prepared as shown in FIG.

In addition, a regulating member 600 that is used by being inserted through the tubular body 40 is prepared. The restricting member 600 restricts the degree of diameter reduction of the lesion formation area 20 (pseudo lesion 21). The regulating member 600 can form a rod shape having a constant outer diameter in the longitudinal direction, and can form a portion that becomes the minimum inner diameter φd ₃ of the pseudo-lesioned portion 21.

As shown in FIG. 12B, the regulating member 600 is inserted into the tubular body 40.
Next, as shown in FIG. 12C, the lesioned part forming region 20 of the tubular body 40 is pulled in the opposite direction along the longitudinal direction by the same method as the fifth manufacturing method. Then, when the lesioned part forming region 20 expands and contracts in diameter, and its inner peripheral surface (inner surface 214) comes into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the regulating member 600, the pulling operation is stopped.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 12D, the regulating member 600 is removed. Thereby, the right coronary artery 4 in which the pseudo lesioned part 21 is formed is obtained. In addition, since the restriction member 600 is used, the degree of diameter reduction of the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 is constant, and the right coronary artery 4 having a uniform shape can be mass-produced.

  Moreover, each connection part 11 is provided in the said both ends, respectively, in order to make the right coronary artery 4 which is Segment2 detachable in the both ends (refer FIG. 3). That is, Segment 2 is configured such that one end is connected to Segment 1 and the other end is connected to Segment 3 by connection 11, thereby being detachable from right coronary artery 4.

  Such a connection part 11 may be of any structure as long as it is detachable at the segment 2 part and can connect each end part to be connected liquid-tightly. The connection form as shown in FIG. Since each connection part 11 is the same structure as each other, only one (Segment 1 side) connection part 11 will be described below.

<First connection configuration>
As shown in FIG. 13, the connector 12 has a through-hole 14 penetrating in the axial direction (longitudinal direction) at the center thereof, and a main body 13 whose overall shape is substantially cylindrical, and the longitudinal direction of the main body 13. And a flange 15 provided at substantially the center.

  The main body 13 has a reduced diameter portion whose outer diameter is reduced at both ends, and the outer diameter of the reduced diameter portion is set to be smaller than the inner diameter of the right coronary artery 4 and is closer to the flange 15 than the reduced diameter portion. In (inner side), the outer diameter is set larger than the inner diameter of the right coronary artery 4.

  When the right coronary artery 4 is inserted from the distal end (cut surface) of the right coronary artery 4 toward the flange 15 with respect to the connector 12 having such a configuration, the inner diameter of the right coronary artery 4 is increased. Thereby, since the outer peripheral surface of the main body 13 and the inner peripheral surface of the right coronary artery 4 are in close contact with each other, the ends of the right coronary artery 4 are fluid-tightly connected by the connector 12.

  Although it does not specifically limit as a constituent material of the connection tool 12, Various resin materials are used suitably, Specifically, polyethylene, a polypropylene, an ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), etc. Polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene, polyamide, polyimide, polyamideimide, polycarbonate, poly- (4-methylpentene-1), ionomer, acrylic resin, polymethyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer Polymer (ABS resin), acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer (AS resin), butadiene-styrene copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polycyclohexane terephthalate (PCT) Polyester, polyether, polyetherketone (PEK), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherimide, polyacetal (POM), polyphenylene oxide, modified polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylenesulfide, polyarylate And various resin materials such as aromatic polyester (liquid crystal polymer), polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyvinylidene fluoride, and one or more of them can be used in combination.

<Second connection form>
As shown in FIG. 14, the connection mechanism 16 includes a flange 17 provided at each distal end (cut surface) of the cut right coronary artery 4 and a ring-shaped member (first member) rotatably supported by one right coronary artery 4. 1 ring-shaped member) 18 and a ring-shaped member (second ring-shaped member) 19 fixed to the other right coronary artery 4 so as to contact the flange 17.

  The ring-shaped member 18 has an open portion that opens to the flange 17 side, and a female screw 181 is formed on the inner surface of the open portion.

  In addition, the ring-shaped member 19 has a male screw 191 formed on the outer peripheral surface thereof, and the ring-shaped member 19 is set to a size that can be inserted into an opening formed in the ring-shaped member 18. The ring-shaped member 19 can be inserted (screwed) into the open portion of the ring-shaped member 18.

  In the connection mechanism 16 having such a configuration, with the end surfaces of the two flanges 17 in contact with each other, the female screw 181 and the male screw 191 respectively formed on the ring-shaped members 18 and 19 are screwed together to Since the end surfaces of the flange 17 are in close contact with each other, the end portions of the right coronary artery 4 are fluid-tightly connected by the connection mechanism 16.

  As the constituent material of the various constituent members of the connection mechanism 16, the same constituent materials as those of the connection tool 12 described above are preferably used.

<Third connection configuration>
As shown in FIG. 15A, a barb joint 9 is connected in advance to the right coronary artery 4 on the Segment 1 side. The barb joint 9 is one in which the outer diameter of the connecting portion 91 is changed stepwise.

  The connection part 91 of the barb joint 9 is inserted into the end part of the right coronary artery 4 on the Segment 2 side, and the end part is heated by applying hot air of, for example, 80 to 120 degrees using the heat gun 100 in this state (FIG. 15 ( b)). Then, when the end portion is reduced in diameter and comes into close contact with the connecting portion 91, heating is stopped (see FIG. 15C). Thereby, the right coronary artery 4 on the Segment 1 side and the right coronary artery 4 on the Segment 2 side can be reliably connected via the barb joint 9.

<Fourth connection type>
As shown in FIG. 16, the connection portion 91 of the barb joint 9 is inserted into the end portion of the right coronary artery 4 on the Segment 2 side. A heating wire 700 (for example, a nichrome wire) connected to a power source is wound around the outer peripheral portion of the end portion of the right coronary artery 4. By energizing the heating wire 700, the end of the right coronary artery 4 is reduced in diameter. And when the said edge part closely_contact | adheres to the connection part 91, electricity supply is stopped. Thereby, the right coronary artery 4 on the Segment 1 side and the right coronary artery 4 on the Segment 2 side can be reliably connected via the barb joint 9.

  In addition, although it does not specifically limit as a constituent material of the part except Segment2 of the right coronary artery 4 of the coronary artery 10, For example, the material similar to Segment2 can be used. In addition, for example, silicone elastomer, silicone rubber such as silicone gel, polyurethane elastomer, silicone resin, epoxy resin, thermosetting resin such as phenol resin, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, etc. A thermoplastic resin etc. are mentioned, Among these, it can use combining 1 type (s) or 2 or more types. Among these, it is particularly preferable to use silicone rubber.

  Specifically, the breaking strength of the coronary artery 10 made of silicone rubber is preferably about 0.5 to 3.0 MPa, and more preferably about 1.0 to 2.0 MPa.

  The breaking elongation of the coronary artery 10 is preferably about 50 to 300%, more preferably about 100 to 200%.

  Furthermore, the Shore A hardness (specified in JIS K6253) of the coronary artery 10 is preferably about 10 to 40, and more preferably about 25 to 35.

  Furthermore, the tensile elastic modulus of the coronary artery 10 is preferably about 0.01 to 5.0 MPa, and more preferably about 0.1 to 3.0 MPa.

  The inner diameter of the coronary artery 10 is not particularly limited, but is preferably set to about 0.5 to 10.0 mm, and more preferably about 1.0 to 5.0 mm.

<< Second Embodiment >>
Here, although the second embodiment will be described, the description will focus on the differences from the above-described embodiment, and the description of the same matters will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 17A, a plurality of grooves 26 are formed in the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 in the center portion in the longitudinal direction of the outer peripheral portion. These grooves 26 are formed along the longitudinal direction of the pseudo-lesioned part 21, and are arranged at equiangular intervals along the circumferential direction of the pseudo-lesioned part 21. Further, as shown in FIG. 18, the depth t ₁ of each groove 26 is preferably about 1/10 to _1/2 of the wall thickness t ₂ of the pseudo-lesioned portion 21, and 1/5 to 1 More preferably, it is about / 3. Specifically, the depth _{t 1} may be 20 to 100 [mu] m.

  Due to the formation of such grooves 26, as shown in FIG. 17 (b), the width of each groove 26 is expanded when an extension exercise is performed. The whole can be expanded reliably. This makes it possible to perform extended training that approximates the physical properties of the actual lesion, thereby improving the operator's technique.

The method for forming the groove 26 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method using a blade (for example, a cutter or a leuter), a method using a laser (for example, an excimer laser or a CO ₂ laser), and the like.

Moreover, the groove | channel 26 is not limited to what was formed along the longitudinal direction of the pseudo-lesioned part 21, For example, what was formed along the circumferential direction of the pseudo-lesioned part 21 may be sufficient.
Further, the groove 26 may extend to a portion (end portion) of the right coronary artery 4 other than the pseudo-lesioned portion 21.

<< Third Embodiment >>
Here, the third embodiment will be described, but the description will focus on the differences from the above-described embodiment, and the description of the same matters will be omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 19, the plurality of grooves 26 are formed so as to be unevenly distributed in a part of the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 in the circumferential direction (upper portion in the drawing). Even in such a pseudo-lesioned part 21, when the extension training is performed, the width of each groove 26 is expanded, and as a result, the entire pseudo-lesioned part 21 can be reliably expanded. This makes it possible to perform extended training that approximates the physical properties of the actual lesion, thereby improving the operator's technique.

<< Fourth Embodiment >>
Here, although the fourth embodiment will be described, the description will focus on the differences from the above-described embodiment, and the description of the same matters will be omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 20, the plurality of grooves 26 are formed so as to cross each other and to be unevenly distributed in a part of the pseudo lesioned part 21 in the circumferential direction (upper part in the figure). Even in such a pseudo-lesioned part 21, when the extension training is performed, the width of each groove 26 is expanded, and as a result, the entire pseudo-lesioned part 21 can be reliably expanded. This makes it possible to perform extended training that approximates the physical properties of the actual lesion, thereby improving the operator's technique.

<< Fifth Embodiment >>
Although the fifth embodiment will be described here, the description will focus on the differences from the above-described embodiment, and the description of the same matters will be omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 21, the pseudo-lesioned part 21 is provided with a blocking member 27 fixedly distributed in a part of the outer peripheral part in the circumferential direction (upper part in the figure). This blocking member 27 prevents the portion of the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 where the blocking member 27 is disposed from expanding when performing expansion training (see FIG. 22). Such a pseudo-lesioned part 21 imitates a calcified stenotic part among stenotic parts generated in an artery. When extension training is performed on this pseudo-lesioned portion 21, the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 is changed from the state shown in FIG. 22A to the state shown in FIG. 22B, and portions other than the portion where the blocking member 27 is disposed. Will be expanded. Thereby, the expansion training with respect to the calcified stenosis part can be performed.

  The material of the blocking member 27 having the above-described configuration is not particularly limited, and is preferably an adhesive that is sticky and solidifies after curing. For example, an epoxy resin adhesive, a rubber adhesive, and the like Examples thereof include urethane adhesives, and one or two or more of these can be used in combination.

  Although the thickness of the blocking member 27 is not particularly limited, for example, the maximum thickness can be set to about 1 to 5 mm.

  Moreover, although the blocking member 27 is arrange | positioned at the outer peripheral part of the pseudo-lesioned part 21 in the structure of illustration, it is not limited to this, You may arrange | position at the inner peripheral part of the pseudo-lesioned part 21.

  Further, the blocking member 27 may extend to a portion (end portion) other than the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 of the right coronary artery 4.

  Further, the blocking member 27 can be made of epoxy resin, gypsum, various metal materials, etc., in which an epoxy resin and lime are mixed, in addition to the adhesive described above.

<< Sixth Embodiment >>
In the first to fifth embodiments, the training biological model 1 is applied to the right coronary artery 4 side. In the sixth embodiment, the training biological model 1 is applied to the left coronary artery 3 side. It has become a case. Hereinafter, the sixth embodiment will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment, and description of similar matters will be omitted.

  That is, in the present embodiment (sixth embodiment), as shown in FIG. 23, the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 is formed in the bifurcation 34 where the segment 6 of the left coronary artery 3 branches into the segment 7 and the segment 9. . Further, the configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment except that the connection portion 11 is provided in the middle of the Segment 6, the Segment 7, and the Segment 9 via the pseudo lesioned portion 21.

  In the training biological model 1 having such a configuration, usually, first, the balloon catheter guide wire 62 is inserted from the Segment 6 to the Segment 7 side, and the balloon catheter 63 is advanced along the balloon catheter guide wire 62, whereby the balloon catheter 63 is advanced. 64 is made to reach the position of the pseudo-lesioned part 21, and the balloon 64 is further inflated at this position to expand the segment 7 side of the pseudo-lesioned part 21. Next, the balloon catheter guide wire 62 is inserted from the Segment 6 to the Segment 9 side, and the balloon 64 is made to reach the position of the pseudo-lesion 21 in the same manner as described above, and then inflated to expand the Segment 9 side of the pseudo-lesion 21. Thus, training for securing the flow path is performed.

  In the present embodiment, as described above, the connecting portion 11 is provided in the middle of the Segment 6, the Segment 7 and the Segment 9 so that the pseudo lesioned portion 21 can be arranged in the branching portion 34. A part of Segment 6, Segment 7 and Segment 9 including the branch portion 34 is configured to be detachable from the left coronary artery 3 (see FIG. 24).

  Further, the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 described in the present embodiment can be manufactured in the same manner as the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 described in the first embodiment.

  In the first embodiment, the case where the pseudo lesioned part 21 is arranged in the Segment 2 (# 2: Middle) of the right coronary artery 4 will be described. In the sixth embodiment, the pseudo lesioned part 21 is located in the left coronary artery 3. The segment 6 (# 6) is arranged in the branching portion 34 that branches into the Segment 7 (# 7) and the Segment 9 (# 9). However, the position where the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 is arranged is limited to such a position. Instead, the pseudo-lesioned portion 21 may be disposed at a frequently occurring site where coronary artery stenosis or occlusion occurs with high probability, and training corresponding to the frequently occurring site may be performed. In addition, as a frequent occurrence site | part in which such a pseudo-lesioned part 21 is arrange | positioned, the position of-mark shown in FIG. 25 is mentioned, for example.

  As described above, in the training biological model 1, the pseudo-lesioned part 21 that approximates the physical properties of the lesion site can be arranged in any shape at any position in the right coronary artery 4 or the left coronary artery 3. Since the training biomodel 1 can be used to perform training corresponding to various patient pathologies, the surgeon can learn more advanced techniques in a place other than the surgery performed on the patient.

  As described above, the training living body model and the manufacturing method of the training living body model of the present invention have been described with respect to the illustrated embodiment.However, the present invention is not limited to this, and each part constituting the training living body model includes: It can be replaced with any structure capable of performing the same function. Moreover, arbitrary components may be added.

  Further, the training biological model and the training biological model manufacturing method of the present invention may be a combination of any two or more configurations (features) of the above embodiments.

  In addition, the pseudo-tubular tissue has been described as a typical example of a coronary artery (blood vessel), but is not limited thereto. For example, the esophagus, large intestine, small intestine, pancreatic duct, bile duct, ureter, oviduct, trachea, It may mimic the bronchi.

  Further, the pseudo-tubular tissue is not limited to a single-layer structure, and may be a structure in which a plurality of layers are stacked (laminated body).

  Moreover, the shape of the pseudo-tubular tissue may be linear, or a part or the whole may be curved.

  In addition, the pseudo-tubular tissue has the same wall thickness in the above-described embodiment in the portion where the pseudo-lesioned portion is formed and the other portion, but is not limited thereto, for example, the wall thickness May be different from each other.

  In addition, as a method for forming a pseudo-lesioned part, the method of heating or pulling was used in the above-described embodiment. However, depending on the constituent material of the pseudo-lesioned part (pseudo-tubular tissue), light (ultraviolet rays, infrared rays) is used. , Irradiation with high frequency, irradiation with microwaves, irradiation with ultrasonic waves, and the like.

1 Biological model for training 10 Coronary artery (pseudo tubular tissue)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Connection part 12 Connection tool 13 Main body 14 Through-hole 15 Flange 16 Connection mechanism 17 Flange 18, 19 Ring-shaped member 181 Female screw 191 Male screw 20 Lesion part formation area 21 Pseudo lesion part (pseudo-stenosis part)
214 inner surface 22 inclined surface (tapered surface)
26 Groove 27 Blocking member 3 Left coronary artery 31 Left anterior descending branch 32 Left turning branch 33 Left main trunk 34 Bifurcation
4 right coronary artery 40 tubular body 401 fixed end 402 free end 403 strip 41 sharp edge 42 posterior descending branch 43 lumen 5 aorta 61 guide catheter 62 balloon catheter guide wire 63 balloon catheter 64 balloon 81 stent 9 barb joint 91 connecting portion 100 heat gun 200 soldering iron 201 tip 300 regulating member 301 small-diameter portion 302 large-diameter portion 303 outside diameter gradually reducing unit 400 forceps 500 regulating member 501 outer diameter change portion 600 restricting member 700 5 min heating wire f ₀ the initial tensile stress f _t Later tensile stress φd ₁ inner diameter φd ₂ outer diameter φd ₃ minimum inner diameter t ₁ depth t ₂ wall thickness L, 2L total length

Claims (10)

Consists of a tubular body having a lumen, comprising a pseudo-tubular tissue that mimics a tubular tissue,
The pseudo-tubular structure is composed of at least one plastically deformable thermoplastic resin of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, nylon elastomer, soft polyvinyl chloride, and ethylene / propylene copolymer , The reduced diameter part is formed by reducing the diameter in the middle of the longitudinal direction and plastic deformation,
A living body model for training characterized in that the reduced diameter portion is regarded as a stenosis portion generated in a tubular tissue and used for expansion training for expanding the stenosis portion.   The living body model for training according to claim 1, wherein when the expansion training is performed, the reduced diameter portion is plastically deformed so as not to return to a shape before expansion. The pseudo-tubular tissue has heat shrinkability,
The living body model for training according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reduced diameter portion is a portion formed by heating the pseudo tubular tissue. The pseudo-tubular tissue is stretchable in the longitudinal direction;
The living body model for training according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reduced diameter portion is a portion formed by pulling the pseudo tubular tissue in the opposite direction along the longitudinal direction. The living body model for training according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the reduced diameter portion has a portion whose inner diameter is changed. The living body model for training according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein a blocking member for blocking a part of the reduced diameter portion from being expanded when the expansion training is performed. One or more medical instruments, after reaching the reduced diameter portion by inserting the pseudo-tubular tissue, to any one of claims 1 used in training to expand the reduced diameter portion 6 The described biological model for training. A method for manufacturing the biological model for training according to any one of claims 1 to 7 ,
The pseudo-tubular tissue has heat shrinkability,
A method for manufacturing a living body model for training, wherein the reduced diameter portion is formed by heating the middle of the pseudo tubular tissue. A method for manufacturing the biological model for training according to any one of claims 1 to 7 ,
The pseudo-tubular tissue is stretchable in the longitudinal direction;
A method for producing a living body model for training, wherein the reduced diameter portion is formed by pulling the pseudo tubular tissue in opposite directions along the longitudinal direction thereof. The method of manufacturing a biological model for training according to claim 8 or 9 , wherein when forming the reduced diameter portion, a restricting member that restricts the degree of reduced diameter of the reduced diameter portion is used.

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