JP5367202B2 - 血液体外処理における抗凝固剤の使用 - Google Patents
血液体外処理における抗凝固剤の使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5367202B2 JP5367202B2 JP2001568469A JP2001568469A JP5367202B2 JP 5367202 B2 JP5367202 B2 JP 5367202B2 JP 2001568469 A JP2001568469 A JP 2001568469A JP 2001568469 A JP2001568469 A JP 2001568469A JP 5367202 B2 JP5367202 B2 JP 5367202B2
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- Prior art keywords
- hirudin
- peg
- blood
- extracorporeal
- anticoagulant
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Description
本発明は血液の体外循環における抗凝固剤の使用に関する。
体外循環において血液は外来性の表面と接触する。これが血液の凝固系、例えば、凝固カスケードの内在性経路を介してファクターXIIおよび血小板を活性化する。血液は凝固する。これを予防するのはこのような状況に際して通常投与される抗凝固剤の役割である。
従って、本発明は時々血液の体外循環を受けている個体の予防的処理のために、少なくとも1種の抗凝固剤を使用することに関する。
本発明による処理は体外循環に際し使用される抗凝固剤とは異なる抗凝固剤により実施することができるが、本発明の有利な態様においては、体外循環に際してと、体外循環後の両方で特定の抗凝固剤を使用する。
PEG−ヒルジンを使用するのが本発明では特に好ましい。
−CO−O−CH2−CH2−[O−CH2−CH2−]nOR
(ただし、式中、nは50〜200の整数、好ましくは75〜150、特に110〜120である;Rは好ましくは炭素数1〜4のアルキルである)。Rは特にメチルである。これらのポリエチレングリコール残基は、好ましくは、リジン残基のε−アミノ基に結合している。従って、PEG−ヒルジンという用語は種々のポリエチレングリコール残基を有するPEG化ペプチドの通例不均一系混合物をいう。ポリエチレングリコール残基の多様性は特にPEG鎖長に起因するものであり、その分量はnの値によって、約2000〜約9000の範囲、好ましくは約3000〜約7000、取分け約5000±1000Daの範囲で変わる。
実施例1
PEG−ヒルジンによる透析患者の処理
定期的に血液透析を受けなければならない18才ないし75才の男女患者20名を選択した。最初にヘパリン(UHF=未分画ヘパリン)で処理した後、PEG−ヒルジン処理に際し、最初の透析直前に、各患者には体重1kgあたりタンパク質として13,354ATU/mgの抗トロンビン比活性を有するPEG−ヒルジン0.08mg/kgの用量を静脈注射により投与した。次いで、平均4時間継続の血液透析を週3回、GFSプラス16透析器によりヘモファン(HemoPhan)低流量膜を用いて血液透析を行った。透析の終了時、および次の透析を実施する前に、先ず患者血中のPEG−ヒルジン濃度を定量した。この測定値は各血液透析直前に投与すべきPEG−ヒルジン量の基礎とした。残りのPEG−ヒルジン濃度は当初増大し、用量を当初の0.08mg/kg(体重)から0.03ないし0.05mg/kg(体重)に減量することができた。これで明らかになったことは、この投与量が週3回の血液透析による各透析終了後に、全血の約500ないし1000ng/mlの範囲でPEG−ヒルジンの血中レベルを得るのに適していることである。血液透析と血液透析の間に各患者の残りPEG−ヒルジンの血中濃度は血管系合併症に対する予防的防御を確かなものとした。
結果を表1〜3にまとめる。
APTT定量
活性化部分トロンボプラスチン時間(APTT)の定量は、部分トロンボプラスチン(アクチンFS)とカルシウムイオンを血漿に添加することにより誘発した血漿フィブリン形成に基づく。エラグ酸を活性化因子として用いる。
ACl3000は完全自動マイクロコンピュータ制御遠心分析システムである。分析サイクル開始後、サンプルとアクチンをピペットで別々に20個のキュベットからなるアクリルガラス製の反応ローターのハーフキュベットに容れ、混合し、次いでインキュベートする。インキュベーションの後、塩化カルシウムをピペットでキュベットに容れ、混合し、測定する。測定はローターを回転させながら実施する。比濁測定用光源は、光ビームが光ガイドシステムを経て(λ=660nm)測定キュベットに向いている発光ダイオード(LED)である。散乱光の分布は、ローター担持体の下に置かれた半導体センサーにより、光源に対し90°の角度で測定する。測定結果は比で示すことも可能であり、PEG−ヒルジンでの透析前の患者の個々のベースライン値に対する現行値の比で記載する。
測定精度は+10%〜−10%である。
抗−IIa活性の定量
抗−IIa活性の定量はサンプルに過剰のトロンビンを添加した後に残存する活性の測定に基づく。ヘパリンおよび他の非トロンビン・セリンプロテアーゼはアッセイの前に、塩化プロタミンとアプロチニンをサンプルに加えることで中和する。残余のトロンビンはサンプルに添加する色素産生基質S223Bを開裂する。
標準A:PEG−ヒルジン濃度[C]=26.6mg/ml;タンパク質比活性、11,696ATU/mg
標準B:[C]=500μg/ml(標準Aを0.5%BSAにて1:53.3に希釈)
標準C:[C]=50μg/ml(標準Bを0.5%BSAにて1:10に希釈)
標準D:[C]=1000ng/ml(標準Cを正常ヒトクエン酸化血漿にて1:50に希釈)
標準B〜Dはその一部を凍結状態とし、使用時まで保存する。
この方法は他の抗凝固剤の定量用に相応に標準化することができる。
測定精度は+20ないし−10%である。
ECT定量
ECTの定量(エカリン凝血塊形成時間)はメイゾトロンビンの凝固活性阻害に基づく。エカリンはエキス・カリナタス(Echis carinatus)の蛇毒の精製フラクションであり、血漿中のプロトロンビンの開裂によりメイゾトロンビンを生じる。エカリンにより誘発されフィブリノーゲンが凝固するまでの時間を測定する。
標準A:PEG−ヒルジン濃度[C]=26.6mg/ml;タンパク質比活性、11,696ATU/mg
標準B:[C]=500μg/ml(標準Aを0.5%BSAにて1:53.3に希釈)
標準C:[C]=50μg/ml(標準Bを0.5%BSAにて1:10に希釈)
標準E:[C]=2500ng/ml(標準Cを正常ヒトクエン酸化血漿にて1:20に希釈)
標準B〜Eはその一部を凍結状態とし、使用時まで保存する。
この方法は他の抗凝固剤の定量用に相応に標準化することができる。
測定精度は+30%〜−10%である。
終末半減期τ1/2の定量
終末半減期τ1/2は0.693/λzから計算される。λzは濃度−時間曲線の末端傾斜として時間に対する血中関連薬物濃度の対数プロットの直線回帰により決定される終末除去率を表す。例えば、下記の表4に示した濃度の経時的変化に基づき、λzは0.086 1/時間と計算され、τ1/2は8.04時間と計算される。
Claims (8)
- 慢性腎不全の個体を処理するための医薬を製造するためのPEG(ポリエチレングリコール)−ヒルジンの使用であって、該個体は個体の血液が体外的に循環する体外段階を繰り返すサイクルと、個体の血液が体外的に循環しない体内段階を含む断続的な血液透析を必要とし、該体外循環の間の有効な抗凝固防御のため、かつ体外循環後の血管系合併症を予防するため、前記PEG−ヒルジンは、サイクル当りの単回投与の形状で血液透析の開始時点で投与されるように適用され、該1サイクルのための当該単回投与は、体内段階の終末点で得られるPEG−ヒルジンの血中レベルが、少なくとも150ng/mlが得られるように適用される、該PEG−ヒルジンの使用。
- 前記血管系合併症は、個体の血管系における血栓形成である、請求項1記載の使用。
- 前記血管系合併症は、静脈および動脈血栓症、深部静脈血栓症、抹消閉塞性疾患、シャント血栓症、カテーテル血栓症、血栓塞栓症、心筋梗塞、不安定狭心症、および発作から選択される、請求項1記載の使用。
- 前記PEG−ヒルジンは、少なくとも4時間の終末半減期を有する、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 前記PEG−ヒルジンは、組み換えヒルジン由来である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 1サイクルのための投与する単回投与量が、血液透析の間に活性化部分トロンボプラスチン時間(APTT)を2.7倍ないし1.8倍延長させる請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 血液透析に際し投与する単回投与量が、次回の血液透析までに活性化部分トロンボプラスチン時間(APTT)を少なくとも1.2倍延長されるように投与される、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項の使用に用いられる形状のPEG−ヒルジンを製剤化してなる慢性腎不全の個体を処理するための医薬。
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| US60/190,103 | 2000-03-20 | ||
| PCT/EP2001/003181 WO2001070273A1 (en) | 2000-03-20 | 2001-03-20 | The use of anticoagulant agents in the extracorporeal treatment of blood |
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