JP5425100B2 - 低温空気分離方法及び装置 - Google Patents
低温空気分離方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5425100B2 JP5425100B2 JP2010544624A JP2010544624A JP5425100B2 JP 5425100 B2 JP5425100 B2 JP 5425100B2 JP 2010544624 A JP2010544624 A JP 2010544624A JP 2010544624 A JP2010544624 A JP 2010544624A JP 5425100 B2 JP5425100 B2 JP 5425100B2
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 121
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 81
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 29
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000883306 Huso huso Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011552 falling film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
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- F25J3/04436—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using at least a triple pressure main column system
- F25J3/04442—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using at least a triple pressure main column system in a double column flowsheet with a high pressure pre-rectifier
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- F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
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- F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
- F25J3/04175—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities at a pressure of substantially more than the highest pressure column
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- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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Description
・事前に液化された空気は前置蒸留塔の塔頂凝縮器内で蒸発され、気体状態の装入空気流として複塔式空気分離設備の高圧塔内へ導入されるので、原料空気の事前液化に起因する悪影響は著しく軽減される。
・高圧塔と低圧塔における精留は、前置蒸留塔、即ちその塔頂凝縮器から得られる1つ以上の液体状態の窒素留分の供給による洗浄作用で能力が改善された状態で行われるようになる。
・空気分離設備全体の酸素の収率は著しく増加し、それにより、事前液化を行うにも拘わらず、通常は50%を超える酸素の収率を達成することができる。係る空気分離プラントで酸素及び窒素に加えてアルゴンも生産する場合には、同様の利点がアルゴンの収率にも当てはまることになる。
・蒸留塔、特に高圧塔並びに前置蒸留塔のサイズを従来の同規模の設備に比べて小さくすることができる。
・前置蒸留塔から極めて高圧の気体窒素(VHPGAN)を高圧塔の動作圧力よりも高い圧力で取り出すことができる。
・系内における冷却のためには、いずれも1基のタービンで低圧塔の動作圧力にまで(ラッハマン・タービン)或いは高圧塔の動作圧力にまで(高圧塔クロード・タービン)、空気を膨張させ、或いは前置蒸留塔もしくはその塔頂凝縮器の動作圧力にまで(前置蒸留塔クロード・タービン)空気を膨張させれば済む。
2)3基の蒸留塔(前置蒸留塔と高圧塔と低圧塔)の全てを互いに並置する。
3)3基の蒸留塔に加えて前置蒸留塔クロード・タービンを付設し、該タービンで装入空気を膨張させることにより前置蒸留塔への気体空気並びに前置蒸留塔の塔頂凝縮器への液体空気を得る。
4)装入空気の全量を、前置蒸留塔の動作圧力を明らかに超える圧力まで圧縮する空気分離プロセスに適用する。この場合、通常は装入空気の一部を所謂内部圧縮で液化もしくは超臨界圧の場合には疑似液化し、次いで減圧配管で膨張させる。装入空気の残余の部分は1基もしくは複数基のタービン内で特に前置蒸留塔又はその塔頂凝縮器の圧力に下がるまで膨張させ、タービンからは機械的動力を回収する。
5)3基の蒸留塔に加えて高圧塔クロード・タービンを付設し、該タービンで装入空気を膨張させることにより高圧塔への気体空気を得る。
6)3基の蒸留塔に加えてラッハマン・タービンを付設し、該タービンにより装入空気を膨張させることにより低圧塔への気体空気を得る。
7)3基の蒸留塔と、2基のタービン(前置蒸留塔クロード・タービンと高圧塔クロード・タービン、又は前置蒸留塔クロード・タービンとラッハマン・タービン、又は高圧塔クロード・タービンとラッハマン・タービン)とを組み合わせる。
8)3基の蒸留塔に加えて3基のタービン(前置蒸留塔クロード・タービン、高圧塔クロード・タービン、及びラッハマン・タービン)を付設する。
9)アルゴンの精留を伴う場合と伴わない場合の実施形態。
10)系内の複数の熱交換器は、いくつかのブロックに分割されていても良く、一体化されていても良い。
高圧塔11 ----------------- 5.0〜 6.5 bar
低圧塔12 ----------------- 1.3〜 1.6 bar
・低圧塔12の塔頂からの気体酸素製品流(GAN)44,45
・低圧塔12の塔頂からの液体窒素製品流(LIN)46
・低圧塔12の上部領域からの低濃度気体窒素製品流(UN2)47,48
・低圧塔12の塔底の直上位置からの気体酸素製品流(GOX)49
・低圧塔12の塔底からの液体酸素製品流(LOX)50
・高圧塔11の塔頂からの高圧気体窒素製品流(HPGAN)51
・主凝縮器13の凝縮室又は高圧塔11からの高圧液体窒素製品流(HP-LIN)52
・前置蒸留塔10の塔頂からの極めて高圧の気体窒素製品流(VHPGAN)
・液体留分4を塔頂凝縮器14の蒸発室へ導く導管を省略するか、或いは運転休止(遮断)状態に保持しても良い。その場合、塔頂凝縮器14は液化空気の第2部分流2aと2bだけで冷却される。
・前置蒸留塔10の塔底液5の一部もしくは全部を、高圧塔11にではなく、熱交換器37内で過冷却した後に低圧塔12に導入しても良い。アルゴンを生産する場合には、この過冷却した塔底液の一部又は全部を低圧塔に導入する前に粗アルゴン塔の塔頂凝縮器の冷却に利用しても良い。
Claims (13)
- 少なくとも1基の高圧塔(11)及び少なくとも1基の低圧塔(12)を有する複塔式蒸留塔設備で空気を低温分離するための方法であって、
原料の装入空気を前記複塔式蒸留塔設備に導入する際に、装入空気の第1の部分流を気体状態で前記複塔式蒸留塔設備に導入し、装入空気の第2の部分流を液体状態で前記複塔式蒸留塔設備に導入し、更に前記第2の部分流が装入空気全量の少なくとも30モル%に相当する低温空気分離方法において、
前記複塔式蒸留塔設備に更に前置蒸留塔(10)を付設し、該前置蒸留塔の運転圧力を前記高圧塔(11)の運転圧力よりも高くすること、
装入空気の第1の部分流(1, 301)を前置蒸留塔(10)内に導入すること、
前置蒸留塔(10)に凝縮室及び蒸発室を有する凝縮蒸発器からなる塔頂凝縮器(14)を付設すること、
前置蒸留塔(10)の上部領域から導出される気体留分(30, 31)を塔頂凝縮器(14)の凝縮室に導入すること、
前記凝縮室内で生じた液体(6)の少なくとも一部を還流(7)として前置蒸留塔(10)に供給すること、及び
装入空気の第2の部分流(2a, 2b)を少なくとも部分的に液体の状態で塔頂凝縮器(14)の蒸発室に導入することを特徴とする低温空気分離方法。 - 装入空気を塔頂凝縮器(14)の蒸発室に導入する際に第2の部分流(2a, 2b)の液体部分の量比を装入空気全量の30モル%以上とすることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 装入空気の第2の部分流の量比を、装入空気全量の35モル%以上とすることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの最終製品流(46, 50, 52)を液体状態で前記複塔式蒸留塔設備から取り出し、液体製品として生産することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの液体製品流(50, 290, 52)を前記複塔式蒸留塔設備から取り出して液体の状態のまま更に高圧に加圧(291, 295)し、次いでこの高圧下で間接熱交換(206) によって蒸発又は疑似蒸発させて気体製品流(293, 294, 296, 297)として取り出すことを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 予め装入空気の全量を1基以上の空気圧縮機(601, 604)によって前記高圧塔の運転圧力よりも少なくとも1barだけ高い圧力に圧縮することを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 塔頂凝縮器(14)の蒸発室内で生じる気化留分(16)の少なくとも一部を前置蒸留塔(10)の塔頂凝縮器の蒸発室よりも下流側に位置する前記複塔式蒸留塔設備の高圧塔(11)に導入することを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前置蒸留塔(10)の塔頂凝縮器(14)の凝縮室内で生じる液体(6)の少なくとも一部(8)を前記高圧塔と前記低圧塔の一方又は双方へ供給することを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記低圧塔内で窒素含有量が99モル%以上の窒素製品を製造することを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記低圧塔(12)から取り出されるアルゴン含有流(61)を、少なくとも1基の粗アルゴン塔を有するアルゴン精留部(15)に導入し、アルゴン精留部(15)からアルゴン製品流(LAR)を取り出すことを特徴とする請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 装入空気の第2の部分流(2a, 2b)を塔頂凝縮器(14)の蒸発室に導入する際に、前記第2の部分流(2a, 2b)の液体分の比率を80〜100モル%とすることを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1基の高圧塔(11)及び少なくとも1基の低圧塔(12)を有する複塔式蒸留塔設備と、制御手段と、装入空気を前記複塔式蒸留塔設備に供給するための原料空気導入手段とを備えた低温空気分離装置において、
前記複塔式蒸留塔設備は、前記高圧塔(11)の運転圧力よりも高い運転圧力で稼働される前置蒸留塔(10)を有し、
前記低温空気分離装置は、
装入空気の第1の部分流(1, 301)を前置蒸留塔(10)に導入するための手段と、
前置蒸留塔(10)に付設され、凝縮室と蒸発室とを有する凝縮蒸発器で構成された塔頂凝縮器(14)と、
前置蒸留塔(10)の上部領域から導出される気体留分(30, 31)を塔頂凝縮器(14)の前記凝縮室に導入するための手段と、
塔頂凝縮器(14)の前記凝縮室内で生成する液体(6)を還流(7)として前置蒸留塔(10)に供給する手段と、
装入空気の第2の部分流(2a, 2b)を少なくとも部分的に液体の状態で塔頂凝縮器(14)の 前記蒸発室に導入するための手段とを備え、
前記制御手段が、装置の稼働中、装入空気の全量の少なくとも30モル%を液体の状態で前記複塔式蒸留塔設備に導入するように構成されていることを特徴とする低温空気分離装置。 - 前記制御手段が、装置の稼働中、装入空気が塔頂凝縮器(14)の蒸発室に導入される際に前記第2の部分流(2a, 2b)の液体部分の量比を装入空気の全量の30モル%以上とするように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の装置。
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| PCT/EP2009/000431 WO2009095188A2 (de) | 2008-01-28 | 2009-01-23 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur tieftemperatur-luftzerlegung |
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| KR (1) | KR101541742B1 (ja) |
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| EP2312247A1 (de) * | 2009-10-09 | 2011-04-20 | Linde AG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von flüssigem Stickstoff durch Tieftemperatur-Luftzerlegung |
| DE102010052544A1 (de) | 2010-11-25 | 2012-05-31 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zur Gewinnung eines gasförmigen Druckprodukts durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft |
| DE102010052545A1 (de) | 2010-11-25 | 2012-05-31 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung eines gasförmigen Druckprodukts durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft |
| EP2520886A1 (de) | 2011-05-05 | 2012-11-07 | Linde AG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines gasförmigen Sauerstoff-Druckprodukts durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft |
| DE102011112909A1 (de) | 2011-09-08 | 2013-03-14 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Stahl |
| PL2758734T3 (pl) * | 2011-09-20 | 2018-12-31 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Sposób i urządzenie do niskotemperaturowego rozkładu powietrza |
| EP2600090B1 (de) | 2011-12-01 | 2014-07-16 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Drucksauerstoff durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft |
| DE102011121314A1 (de) | 2011-12-16 | 2013-06-20 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines gasförmigen Sauerstoff-Druckprodukts durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft |
| DE102012006746A1 (de) | 2012-04-03 | 2013-10-10 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie |
| US8647409B2 (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2014-02-11 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Air compression system and method |
| US20150316317A1 (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2015-11-05 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for low-temperature air separation |
| EP2770286B1 (de) * | 2013-02-21 | 2017-05-24 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Hochdruck-Sauerstoff und Hochdruck-Stickstoff |
| US11118834B2 (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2021-09-14 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for generating gaseous compressed nitrogen |
| WO2014154339A2 (de) | 2013-03-26 | 2014-10-02 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur luftzerlegung und luftzerlegungsanlage |
| EP2784420A1 (de) | 2013-03-26 | 2014-10-01 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Luftzerlegung und Luftzerlegungsanlage |
| EP2801777A1 (de) | 2013-05-08 | 2014-11-12 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Luftzerlegungsanlage mit Hauptverdichterantrieb |
| EP2963369B1 (de) | 2014-07-05 | 2018-05-02 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft |
| EP2963370B1 (de) | 2014-07-05 | 2018-06-13 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft |
| EP2963371B1 (de) | 2014-07-05 | 2018-05-02 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur gewinnung eines druckgasprodukts durch tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft |
| EP2963367A1 (de) | 2014-07-05 | 2016-01-06 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft mit variablem Energieverbrauch |
| US10066871B2 (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2018-09-04 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for argon rejection and recovery |
| EP3696486A1 (de) * | 2019-02-13 | 2020-08-19 | Linde GmbH | Verfahren und anlage zur bereitstellung eines oder mehrerer sauerstoffreicher, gasförmiger luftprodukte |
| EP3771873A1 (de) * | 2019-08-01 | 2021-02-03 | Linde GmbH | Verfahren und anlage zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft |
| WO2023110142A1 (de) | 2021-12-13 | 2023-06-22 | Linde Gmbh | Verfahren zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft und luftzerlegungsanlage |
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| DE19537913A1 (de) * | 1995-10-11 | 1997-04-17 | Linde Ag | Dreifachsäulenverfahren zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft |
| EP1169609B1 (en) * | 1999-04-05 | 2006-10-11 | L'air Liquide, S.A. à Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Variable capacity fluid mixture separation apparatus and process |
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| FR2831250A1 (fr) * | 2002-02-25 | 2003-04-25 | Air Liquide | Procede et appareil de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique |
| GB0422635D0 (en) * | 2004-10-12 | 2004-11-10 | Air Prod & Chem | Process for the cryogenic distillation of air |
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| US8826692B2 (en) | 2014-09-09 |
| CN101925790A (zh) | 2010-12-22 |
| US20110023540A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
| WO2009095188A3 (de) | 2010-06-10 |
| CN101925790B (zh) | 2015-10-21 |
| PL2235460T3 (pl) | 2018-12-31 |
| JP2011511246A (ja) | 2011-04-07 |
| WO2009095188A2 (de) | 2009-08-06 |
| EP2235460B1 (de) | 2018-06-20 |
| KR20100107042A (ko) | 2010-10-04 |
| EP2235460A2 (de) | 2010-10-06 |
| KR101541742B1 (ko) | 2015-08-04 |
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