JP5809558B2 - 荷電粒子ビームからの直接エネルギー抽出のための回路 - Google Patents
荷電粒子ビームからの直接エネルギー抽出のための回路 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC
- H02M5/42—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC
- H02M5/453—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/458—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D7/00—Arrangements for direct production of electric energy from fusion or fission reactions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21H—OBTAINING ENERGY FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES; APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; UTILISING COSMIC RADIATION
- G21H1/00—Arrangements for obtaining electrical energy from radioactive sources, e.g. from radioactive isotopes, nuclear or atomic batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
- H02M1/4241—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a resonant converter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC
- H02M5/42—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC
- H02M5/443—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M5/45—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC
- H02M5/42—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC
- H02M5/453—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/458—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M5/4585—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC
- H02M5/46—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by dynamic converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H15/00—Methods or devices for acceleration of charged particles not otherwise provided for, e.g. wakefield accelerators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Description
本発明は、概して、電気回路に関し、より具体的には、制御された融合反応の結果として、荷電粒子からのエネルギーの抽出を促進し、要求に応じて、統一力率、進み力率、または遅れ力率でネルギーを電力網に送る電気回路に関する。
制御された融合電力生成は、豊富かつクリーンなエネルギー源を可能にする。この主題に、米国および世界で著しい研究努力が注がれた。報告された手法は、一般的に、融合エネルギーを熱エネルギーに変換し、次いで電気エネルギーに変換することに基づく。
本発明はさらに、例えば、以下を提供する。
(項目1)
エネルギー抽出回路であって、
電力網接続型双方向変換器と、
多極逆サイクロトロン変換器、インダクタおよび複数の回路スイッチを備える共振変換器であって、該多極逆サイクロトロン変換器は、細長い環状の円筒形チャンバを形成する円弧状断面を有する2つ以上の細長いプレートを含み、軸方向に延在する細長い間隙が該2つ以上のプレート間に形成され、該2つ以上のプレートは、該インダクタと共振するコンデンサとして機能し、該複数の回路スイッチは、直流電圧をパルス波形に刻むブリッジを形成するように構成される、共振変換器と
を備える、回路。
(項目2)
前記電力網接続型双方向変換器は、電力網交流電圧とインターフェースするように構成される、項目1に記載の回路。
(項目3)
前記電力網接続型双方向変換器は、双方向電力流および無効電力流を達成するように制御される、項目2に記載の回路。
(項目4)
前記共振変換器は、H−ブリッジまたはハーフブリッジ共振変換器によって構成される、項目3に記載の回路。
(項目5)
前記共振変換器は、共振電圧検知回路と、補償器と、変調生成器と、前記共振変換器へのインターフェースとを有するフィードバック制御ループによって調整される、項目3に記載の回路。
(項目6)
前記変調生成器は、パルス幅変調生成器である、項目5に記載の回路。
(項目7)
前記変調生成器は、位相シフト変調生成器である、項目5に記載の回路。
(項目8)
前記変調生成器は、前記共振変換器の共振電圧を調節する、項目5に記載の回路。
(項目9)
電力網接続型双方向変換器と、共振変換器とを備える、エネルギー抽出回路。
(項目10)
前記共振変換器は、四重極逆サイクロトロン変換器を備え、前記四重極プレートは、インダクタと共振するコンデンサとして機能するように構成される、項目9に記載の回路。
(項目11)
前記電力網接続型変換器は、動作の起動モード中に交流/直流整流器として機能し、動作の生成モード中に直流/交流電力網接続型逆変換器として機能するように構成される、項目10に記載の回路。
(項目12)
前記電力網接続型変換器は、統一力率、進み位相、または遅れ位相のうちの少なくとも1つにおいて動作するように構成される、項目11に記載の回路。
(項目13)
共振変換器と、電力網接続型双方向変換器とを備えるシステムにおいて、荷電粒子からエネルギーを抽出するための方法であって、
公共電力網から、共振変換器と電力網接続型双方向変換器とを備える該システムに、エネルギーを受容するステップであって、該共振変換器は、多極逆サイクロトロン変換器と、インダクタと、複数の回路スイッチとを備え、該多極逆サイクロトロン変換器は、細長い環状の円筒形チャンバを形成する円弧状断面を有する2つ以上の細長いプレートを含み、軸方向に延在する細長い間隙は、該2つ以上のプレート間に形成され、該2つ以上のプレートは、該インダクタと共振するコンデンサとして機能し、該複数の回路スイッチは、直流電圧をパルス波形に刻むブリッジを形成するように構成される、ステップと、
該多極逆サイクロトロン変換器の該共振を確立するステップと、
該2つ以上のプレートの該間隙にわたって多極電界を励起するステップと
を含む、方法。
(項目14)
前記共振変換器内で荷電粒子を受容するステップと、
該荷電粒子の運動エネルギーから電気エネルギーを抽出するように、該荷電粒子を減速するステップと、
前記2つ以上の細長いプレートによって、該荷電粒子の減速から損失エネルギーをイメージ電流の形態で収集するステップと
をさらに含む、項目13に記載の方法。
(項目15)
前記共振変換器を通してイメージ電流を流すステップと、
前記電力網接続型変換器を介してイメージ電流を前記公共電力網に戻るように流すステップと
をさらに含む、項目14に記載の方法。
(項目16)
前記抽出された電気エネルギーを前記公共電力網に送り戻すステップをさらに含む、項目14に記載の方法。
Claims (14)
- 荷電粒子ビームからエネルギーを抽出するためのエネルギー抽出回路であって、
電力網に結合可能な双方向変換器と、
多極逆サイクロトロン変換器と、インダクタと、該双方向変換器に電気的に結合された複数の回路スイッチとを備える共振変換器であって、該多極逆サイクロトロン変換器は、細長い環状の円筒形チャンバを形成する円弧状断面を有する2つ以上の細長いプレートを含み、軸方向に延在する細長い間隙が該2つ以上のプレート間に形成され、該2つ以上のプレートは、該インダクタと結合されたコンデンサとして機能し、該インダクタと結合された該コンデンサは、共振タンクを形成し、該複数の回路スイッチは、直流電圧をパルス波形に刻むブリッジを形成するように構成され、該多極逆サイクロトロン変換器は、該2つ以上のプレートを電流が通過すると、該プレート間の該間隙にわたって多極電界を形成し、該多極電界は、該円筒形チャンバを通過する荷電粒子ビームの荷電粒子を減速することにより、該荷電粒子の運動エネルギーから電気エネルギーを抽出する、共振変換器と
を備える、回路。 - 前記双方向変換器は、電力網交流電圧とインターフェースするように構成される、請求項1に記載の回路。
- 前記双方向変換器は、双方向電力流および無効電力流を達成するように制御される、請求項2に記載の回路。
- 前記共振変換器は、H−ブリッジまたはハーフブリッジ共振変換器によって構成される、請求項3に記載の回路。
- 前記共振変換器は、共振電圧検知回路と、補償器と、変調生成器と、前記共振変換器へのインターフェースとを有するフィードバック制御ループによって調整される、請求項3に記載の回路。
- 前記変調生成器は、パルス幅変調生成器である、請求項5に記載の回路。
- 前記変調生成器は、位相シフト変調生成器である、請求項5に記載の回路。
- 前記変調生成器は、前記共振変換器の共振電圧を調節する、請求項5に記載の回路。
- 前記双方向変換器は、動作の起動モード中に交流/直流整流器として機能し、動作の生成モード中に直流/交流電力網接続型逆変換器として機能するように構成される、請求項1に記載の回路。
- 前記双方向変換器は、統一力率、進み位相、または遅れ位相のうちの少なくとも1つにおいて動作するように構成される、請求項1に記載の回路。
- 共振変換器と電力網接続型双方向変換器とを備えるシステムにおいて、該共振変換器を通過する荷電粒子ビームの荷電粒子からエネルギーを抽出するための方法であって、
電力網接続型双方向変換器に電気的に結合された共振変換器を備える該システムの該電力網接続型双方向変換器によって、公共電力網から電気エネルギーを受け取るステップであって、該共振変換器は、多極逆サイクロトロン変換器と、インダクタと、複数の回路スイッチとを備え、該多極逆サイクロトロン変換器は、細長い環状の円筒形チャンバを形成する円弧状断面を有する2つ以上の細長いプレートを含み、軸方向に延在する細長い間隙が該2つ以上のプレート間に形成され、該2つ以上のプレートは、該インダクタと結合されたコンデンサとして機能し、該インダクタと結合された該コンデンサは、共振タンクを形成し、該複数の回路スイッチは、直流電圧をパルス波形に刻むブリッジを形成するように構成され、該多極逆サイクロトロン変換器は、該2つ以上のプレートを電流が通過すると、該プレート間の該間隙にわたって多極電界を形成し、該多極電界は、該円筒形チャンバを通過する荷電粒子ビームの荷電粒子を減速し、該変換された電気エネルギーは、該電力網接続型双方向変換器から受け取られる、ステップと、
該多極逆サイクロトロン変換器の共振を確立するステップと、
該2つ以上のプレートの該間隙にわたって多極電界を励起するステップと
を含む、方法。 - 前記共振変換器内で荷電粒子ビームを受け取るステップと、
荷電粒子の運動エネルギーから電気エネルギーを抽出するように、該荷電粒子ビームの該荷電粒子を減速するステップと、
前記2つ以上の細長いプレートによって、該荷電粒子の減速から損失エネルギーをイメージ電流の形態で収集するステップと
をさらに含む、請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記共振変換器を通してイメージ電流を流すステップと、
前記電力網接続型変換器を介してイメージ電流を前記公共電力網に戻るように流すステップと
をさらに含む、請求項12に記載の方法。 - 前記抽出された電気エネルギーを前記公共電力網に送り戻すステップをさらに含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
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| US61/076,535 | 2008-06-27 | ||
| PCT/US2009/049108 WO2009158720A2 (en) | 2008-06-27 | 2009-06-29 | Circuit for direct energy extraction from a charged-particle beam |
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| WO2013178054A1 (en) | 2012-06-01 | 2013-12-05 | The University Of Hong Kong | Input ac voltage control bi-directional power converters |
| DE102014102000B3 (de) * | 2014-02-18 | 2014-09-11 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines blindleistungsfähigen Wechselrichters mit Polwender und blindleistungsfähiger Wechselrichter mit Polwender |
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| CN113812083B (zh) * | 2019-05-06 | 2024-04-16 | 谷歌有限责任公司 | 带电粒子束电力传输系统 |
| US11049619B1 (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-06-29 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Plasma creation and heating via magnetic reconnection in an encapsulated linear ring cusp |
| RU2757666C1 (ru) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-10-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Научно-производственная компания "Новая энергия" | Электронно-управляемый плазменный электрический генератор |
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| JP2014212129A (ja) | 2014-11-13 |
| KR20110023896A (ko) | 2011-03-08 |
| AU2009261947A1 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
| EP2297841A2 (en) | 2011-03-23 |
| UA101203C2 (ru) | 2013-03-11 |
| MY159421A (en) | 2017-01-13 |
| EA019945B1 (ru) | 2014-07-30 |
| EA201170102A1 (ru) | 2011-08-30 |
| CN102265498A (zh) | 2011-11-30 |
| EP2297841B1 (en) | 2019-03-20 |
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| BRPI0914421B1 (pt) | 2019-05-07 |
| US20170025967A1 (en) | 2017-01-26 |
| NZ590117A (en) | 2013-09-27 |
| EP2297841A4 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
| IL210101A (en) | 2017-06-29 |
| KR101490302B1 (ko) | 2015-02-05 |
| CN102265498B (zh) | 2017-04-12 |
| JP2011527084A (ja) | 2011-10-20 |
| ZA201100619B (en) | 2011-10-26 |
| CA2729118A1 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
| US20110188272A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
| AU2009261947B2 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
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