JP6282642B2 - 糖尿病薬を同定する方法 - Google Patents
糖尿病薬を同定する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6282642B2 JP6282642B2 JP2015519093A JP2015519093A JP6282642B2 JP 6282642 B2 JP6282642 B2 JP 6282642B2 JP 2015519093 A JP2015519093 A JP 2015519093A JP 2015519093 A JP2015519093 A JP 2015519093A JP 6282642 B2 JP6282642 B2 JP 6282642B2
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- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
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- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/502—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing non-proliferative effects
- G01N33/5038—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing non-proliferative effects involving detection of metabolites per se
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Description
-FPG <100mg/dl(5.6mmol/l)=正常な空腹時グルコース;
-FPG 100〜125mg/dl(5.6〜6.9mmol/l)=IFG(空腹時グルコース障害);
-FPG >126mg/dl(7.0mmol/l)=糖尿病の暫定診断(診断は、下に記載されているように確認されなければならない)。
-グルコース負荷の2時間後 <140mg/dl(7.8mmol/l)=正常な耐糖能
-グルコース負荷の2時間後 140〜199mg/dl(7.8〜11.1mmol/l)=IGT(耐糖能障害)
-グルコース負荷の2時間後 >200mg/dl(11.1mmol/l)=糖尿病の暫定診断(診断は、下に記載されているように確認されなければならない)。
(a)糖尿病又は糖尿病様状態に罹患している被験体の試験試料におけるグリオキシレートの量を決定する工程であって、前記試験試料は、被験体が、糖尿病に対する薬剤であることが推測される化合物に接触した後に採取される、前記工程と、
(b)工程(a)で決定した量をグリオキシレートの基準量と比較する工程であって、それによって、糖尿病に対する薬剤である化合物が同定される、前記工程と
を含む方法に関する。
(a)試料に存在するグリオキシレートの量の決定を可能にするグリオキシレートの検出剤を含む分析ユニット;並びにこれに作動的に連結している、
(b)記憶された基準、及び分析ユニットにより決定されたグリオキシレートの量と記憶された基準との比較を可能にするデータプロセッサを含む評価ユニットであって、それにより、糖尿病に対する薬剤が同定されうる、前記評価ユニット
を含む。
(a)糖尿病に対する薬剤であることが推測される化合物が、グリオキシレートを生成する試験細胞と相互作用し、グリオキシレート生成に影響を与えることを可能にする時間及び条件下で、その試験細胞を前記化合物と接触させる工程と、
(b)前記細胞において、利用可能なグリオキシレートの量を決定する工程と、
(c)工程(b)で決定した量をグリオキシレートの基準量と比較する工程であって、それによって、糖尿病に対する薬剤である化合物が同定される、前記工程と
を含む方法に関する。
(a)糖尿病に対する薬剤であることが推測される化合物が、グリオキシレートを生成する試験細胞と相互作用し、利用可能なグリオキシレートの量に影響を与えることを可能にする時間及び条件下で、その試験細胞を前記化合物と接触させる工程と、
(b)前記細胞において、利用可能なグリオキシレートの量を決定する工程と、
(c)工程(b)で決定した量をグリオキシレートの基準量と比較する工程であって、それによって、糖尿病に対する薬剤である化合物の1回目の同定が行われる、又はそれによって、工程(d)及び(e)で更に処理されるべき化合物が同定される、前記工程と、
(d)糖尿病又は糖尿病様状態に罹患している被験体の試験試料におけるグリオキシレートの量を決定する工程であって、前記試験試料は、被験体が、糖尿病に対する薬剤であることが推測される化合物に接触した後に採取される、前記工程と、
(e)工程(a)で決定した量をグリオキシレートの基準量と比較する工程であって、それによって、糖尿病に対する薬剤である化合物の2回目の同定が行われる、又は確証される、前記工程と
を含む方法を企図する。
糖尿病薬の薬剤標的としてのグリオキシレート
既知のグリオキサールスカベンジャーであるアミノグアニジン(Thornalley PJ, Yurek-George A, Argirov OK (2000) Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of aminoguanidine with the alpha-oxoaldehydes glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and 3-deoxyglucosone under physiological conditions. Biochem Pharmacol. 60(1): 55-65)は、グリオキシレートを除去し、したがって、オキサレート合成からグリオキシレートをそらし、シュウ酸カルシウム石症に対抗する見込みがあることが実証された(Berman PA, van der Watt GF, Hack DJ, Baumgarten I. (2005) Inhibition of glyoxylate conversion to oxalate in cultured human cells by the carbonyl-scavenging drug, aminoguanidine. South African J of Science 101 (5-6): 249-255)。一般的に、二つのタイプのカルボニル除去薬、すなわち、チオール又はアミン官能基を含有するカルボニル除去薬が知られている。チオール含有薬の例は、ペニシラミン、システイン、及びN-アセチルシステインであり;アミン官能基を有する薬剤は、アミノグアニジン、ピリドキサミン、メトホルミンに代表される。そのような薬剤は、グリオキサール及びメチルグリオキサールを捕らえ、非毒性の付加体を形成することにより、高血糖誘発性のタンパク質損傷を防ぐことにおいて治療的に作用することが示唆されている(Mehta, Lilian Wong, Peter J. O'Brien (2009) Cytoprotective mechanisms of carbonyl scavenging drugs in isolated rat hepatocytes. Chemico-Biological Interactions 178: 317-323.)。チオール含有薬は、ペニシラミン>システイン>N-アセチルシステインという有効性の順番で、グリオキサールを捕らえることができる。アミン含有薬について、グリオキサール捕捉の有効性の順序は、アミノグアニジン>>ピリドキサミン>メトホルミンであった。グリオキシレートを有効に除去するアミノグアニジンの能力は、高度糖化誘発性糖尿病合併症、及び高シュウ酸尿症関連の糖尿病性腎障害の両方に対する二重の薬剤標的としてグリオキシレートを示している。
抗糖尿病薬のメトホルミンで処理したラット
それぞれ5匹の雄及び雌ラットの2群に、指示された化合物を群毎に異なる用量(下記を参照すること)で1日1回、28日間にわたって投与した。
メトホルミン塩酸塩は、0.5%のカルボキシメチルセルロースを含有する飲料水(Tylose CB30000)(投与体積:10ml/kg体重)で胃管栄養法により投与した(高用量群は1g/kg体重、低用量群は0.2g/kg体重)。
C.エレガンスからの抽出物におけるグリオキシレートの検出
線虫を収集し、緩衝液でよく洗浄し、得られたペレットを、機械力と組み合わせてガラスビーズで破砕した。試料を、メチル-tert-ブチルエーテル、メタノール、及び抽出緩衝液で抽出し、15分間超音波処理した。50%の水/メタノール(3:1)混合物を添加し、激しく混合し、遠心分離機にかけた。極性相を蒸発させて乾燥させた。水、及びエタノールとジクロロメタンとの混合物を添加した後、試料を、水性極性相及び有機親油相に分画した。13C-グリオキシレートを内部標準として添加し、抽出物を、以下のようにして誘導体化した:密封容器における、メトキシアミン塩酸塩との反応(ピリジン中20mg/mL、50μLを60℃で1.5時間)により、カルボニル基のメトキシ化(methoximation)を行った。最後に、50μlのN-メチル-N-(トリメチルシリル)-2,2,2-トリフルオロアセトアミド(MSTFA)による誘導体化を、ここでも密封容器において60℃で30分間実施した。GCへの注入前の最終体積は100μLであった。GC-MS系は、Agilent 5973 MSDに結合したAgilent 6890 GCから構成される。オートサンプラーは、CTCのCompiPal又はGCPalであった。
本発明者らは、グリオキシレート及びメトホルミン別々での、及びグリオキシレートとメトホルミンの組み合わせでの処理による、モデル蠕虫カエノラブディティス・エレガンスを用いたインビボ実験で、メトホルミンが、グリオキシレート濃度を抑制するという仮説を試験した。
1)C.エレガンス、野生型(wt)-成長培地(処理なし、対照)
2)C.エレガンス、wt-成長培地+50mMメトホルミン(Onken & Driscoll (Onken B, Driscoll M (2010) Metformin induces a dietary restriction-like state and the oxidative stress response to extend C. elegans healthspan via AMPK, LKB1, and SKN-1. PLoS ONE 5(1): e8758.)に記載されている通りの、メトホルミン適用及び用量の方法論)
3)C.エレガンス、wt-成長培地+20mMグリオキシレート
4)C.エレガンス、wt-成長培地+20mMグリオキシレート及び50mMメトホルミン
処理後、C.エレガンスを洗浄し、試料収集し、代謝産物抽出を行い、実施例3に記載されている通りにグリオキシレートレベルを検出した。GC-MS代謝産物プロファイルから、絶対強度値の指標としての総イオンカウント(TIC)を、各バッチについて算出した。次いで、測定されたグリオキシレートレベルを、TICを使用して、体積について正規化した。
1)WtC.エレガンスは、天然の(native)グリオキシレートを含有していた。
2)メトホルミンでの処理は、C.エレガンスにおける天然のグリオキシレートレベルを優位に低下させた。
3)グリオキシレートでのC.エレガンスの処理は、内因性グリオキシレートの有意な増加をもたらした。
4)グリオキシレートによる処理と同時のメトホルミンによる処理は、内因性グリオキシレートの増加を上書き(overwrite)し、群(1)で観察された天然のグリオキシレートレベルを回復させた。
グリオキシレートは、糖尿病患者の血漿中で増加する
経口グルコース負荷試験(OGTT)評価にボランティアで参加した合計789人の参加者から、前向き研究のために被験体を選択した。選択の前に、参加者を空腹時血漿グルコースに従って(OGTTの前)及びOGTT分類に従って群に分けた。
糖尿病:FPG≧7.0mmol/L又は2HPG≧11.1mmol/L;
IGT:FPG<7.0mmol/L及び2HPG≧7.8及び<11.1mmol/L;
IFG:FPG 6.1〜6.9mmol/L及び2HPG<7.8mmol/L、
健康:FPG≦6.0mmol/L及び2HPG<7.8mmol/L。
2HPG=標準的75g経口グルコース投入の2時間後の血漿
ヒト血漿中のグリオキシレートの検出
タンパク質を血漿から沈殿により分離した。水、及びエタノールとジクロロメタンの混合物を添加した後、残りの試料を水性極性相及び有機親油相に分画した。
糖尿病db/db-/-変異体マウスの血漿におけるグリオキシレートレベルの決定
ヒトの糖尿病及び動物モデルにおける、血漿グリオキシレートのレベルの上昇の潜在的な組織源を更に探るために、ob/ob-/-及びdb/db-/-変異体マウスモデルが調査され、代謝産物レベルが測定される。ob/ob-/-及びdb/db-/-マウスモデルは、それぞれ、肥満及び糖尿病についてよく表している。
Claims (18)
- 糖尿病に対する薬剤を同定する方法であって、
(a)糖尿病又は糖尿病様状態に罹患している被験体の試験試料におけるグリオキシレートの量を決定する工程であって、前記試験試料は、被験体が、糖尿病に対する薬剤であることが推測される化合物に接触した後に採取される、前記工程と、
(b)工程(a)で決定した量をグリオキシレートの基準量と比較する工程であって、それによって、糖尿病に対する薬剤である化合物が同定される、前記工程と
を含む方法。 - グリオキシレートの前記基準量が、糖尿病に対する薬剤であることが推測される化合物と接触していない、糖尿病又は糖尿病様状態に罹患している被験体又は被験体の群から得られる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記基準量が、糖尿病に対する薬剤であることが推測される化合物と被験体を接触させる前に採取された基準試料に存在するグリオキシレートの量である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 基準量と比較して同じ又は増加した量の、試験試料中のグリオキシレートにより、化合物が糖尿病に対する薬剤ではないと同定されるのに対して、基準量と比較して減少した量の、試験試料中のグリオキシレートにより、化合物が糖尿病に対する薬剤であると同定される、請求項2又は3に記載の方法。
- グリオキシレートの前記基準量が、糖尿病又は糖尿病様状態に関して、見かけ上健康な被験体又は被験体の群から得られる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 基準量と比較して増加した量の、試験試料中のグリオキシレートにより、化合物が糖尿病に対する薬剤ではないと同定されるのに対して、基準量と比較して同じ又は減少した量の、試験試料中のグリオキシレートにより、化合物が糖尿病に対する薬剤であると同定される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体が、齧歯類、ブタ、ウサギ、ネコ、イヌ、又は線虫である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記齧歯類が、マウス又はラットである、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記試験試料は、被験体が、糖尿病に対する薬剤であることが推測される化合物に、糖尿病を治療するのに有効であることが推測される濃度で接触した後に採取される、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 以下、
(i)工程a)の前及び試験試料を採取する前に、糖尿病に対する薬剤であることが推測される化合物を被験体に治療有効量で投与する工程と、
(ii)工程a)の前に試験試料を採取する工程と、
(iii)試験試料を採取した後に、被験体を屠殺する工程と
を更に含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記試験試料が、被験体の体液の試料である、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 糖尿病に対する薬剤を同定する方法であって、
(a)糖尿病に対する薬剤であることが推測される化合物が、グリオキシレートを生成する試験細胞と相互作用し、利用可能なグリオキシレートの量に影響を与えることを可能にする時間及び条件下で、試験細胞を前記化合物と接触させる工程と、
(b)前記細胞において、グリオキシレートの量を決定する工程と、
(c)工程(b)で決定した量をグリオキシレートの基準量と比較する工程であって、それによって、糖尿病に対する薬剤である化合物が同定される、前記工程と
を含む方法。 - グリオキシレートの前記基準量が、グリオキシレートを生成し、糖尿病に対する薬剤であることが推測される化合物と接触していない基準試験細胞から得られる、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 基準量と比較して減少したグリオキシレートの量によって、化合物が糖尿病に対する薬剤として同定される、請求項12又は13に記載の方法。
- 前記試験細胞が、以下の細胞の群:肝臓のHepG2細胞、Chang肝細胞、ラット若しくはマウス後根神経節神経細胞、脂肪細胞、及び糸球体間質細胞から選択される、請求項12〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項12〜15のいずれか一項に記載の方法の工程と、それに続く、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法の工程とを含む、糖尿病に対する薬剤を同定する方法。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法の工程が、請求項12〜15のいずれか一項に記載の方法の工程に従って、糖尿病に対する薬剤として同定された化合物についてのみ行われる、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の方法の工程と、糖尿病に対する薬剤として同定された化合物を、製薬上許容される形態で製剤化する更なる工程とを含む、糖尿病に対する薬剤の製造方法。
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- 2013-06-27 US US14/408,755 patent/US20150204851A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2015521744A (ja) | 2015-07-30 |
| WO2014001451A1 (en) | 2014-01-03 |
| US20150204851A1 (en) | 2015-07-23 |
| EP2867669B1 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
| EP2867669A1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
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