JP6587607B2 - 繊維強化複合材料 - Google Patents
繊維強化複合材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6587607B2 JP6587607B2 JP2016511559A JP2016511559A JP6587607B2 JP 6587607 B2 JP6587607 B2 JP 6587607B2 JP 2016511559 A JP2016511559 A JP 2016511559A JP 2016511559 A JP2016511559 A JP 2016511559A JP 6587607 B2 JP6587607 B2 JP 6587607B2
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- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- aromatic polyester
- reinforced composite
- composite material
- wholly aromatic
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
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Description
しかしながら、夫々の効果を十分に発現し得る繊維強化複合材料は未だ見出されていない。
本発明の目的は、剛性を損なうことなく、軽量で、耐衝撃性、制振性及び飛散防止性に優れた繊維強化複合材料を提供せんとするものである。
また、本発明は、全芳香族ポリエステル繊維を含有する繊維構造体(2)が、全芳香族ポリエステル繊維のみからなる繊維構造体であり、かつ、該繊維構造体(2)が、繊維構造体(1)及び(2)全体中、5質量%以上であることが好ましい。
また、上記プリプレグにおいて、全芳香族ポリエステル繊維の総繊度が15〜1100dtex、単糸繊度が5dtex以下であり、繊維構造体が目付50〜100g/m2の織物であることが好ましい。
また、全芳香族ポリエステル繊維を用いることで、芳香族ポリアミド繊維を用いる場合よりも、かかる特性全てが、より効果的に発現する。
無機繊維の繊度は、本発明の目的を達成することができればよく、特に限定されるものではない。
前記全芳香族ポリエステル系ポリマーは、芳香族ジカルボン酸、芳香族ジオール及び/又は芳香族ヒドロキシカルボン酸やこれらの誘導体からなる重合体で、場合により、これらと、脂環族ジカルボン酸、脂環族ジオール、脂肪族ジオールやこれらの誘導体との共重合体も含まれる。
ここで芳香族ジカルボン酸としては、テレフタル酸、イソフタル酸、4,4’−ジカルボキシジフェニル、2,6−ジカルボキシナフタレン、1,2−ビス(4−カルボキシフェノキシ)エタン等や、これらのアルキル、アリール、アルコキシ、ハロゲン基の核置換体が挙げられる。
芳香族ジオールとしては、ヒドロキノン、レゾルシン、4,4’−ジヒドロキシジフェニル、4,4’−ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、4,4’−ジヒドロキシジフェニルメタン、4,4’−ジヒドロキシジフェニルエタン、2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、4,4’−ジヒドロキシジフェニルエーテル、4,4’−ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルホン、4,4’−ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルフィド、2,6−ジヒドロキシナフタレン、1,5−ジヒドロキシナフタレン等やこれらのアルキル、アリール、アルコキシ、ハロゲン基の核置換体が挙げられる。
芳香族ヒドロキシカルボン酸としては、p−ヒドロキシ安息香酸、m−ヒドロキシ安息香酸、2−ヒドロキシナフタレン−6−カルボン酸、1−ヒドロキシナフタレン−5−カルボン酸等やこれらのアルキル、アリール、アルコキシ、ハロゲン基の核置換体が挙げられる。
脂環族ジカルボン酸としては、トランス−1,4−ジカルボキシシクロヘキサン、シス−1,4−ジカルボキシシクロヘキサン等やこれらのアルキル、アリール、ハロゲン基の核置換体が挙げられる。
脂環族及び脂肪族ジオールとしては、トランス−1,4−ジヒドロキシシクロヘキサン、シス−1,4−ジヒドロキシシクロヘキサン、エチレングリコール、1,4−ブタンジオール、キシリレンジオール等が挙げられる。
本発明において、溶融紡糸に適した全芳香族ポリエステル系ポリマーの「流動開始温度」は、305〜325℃が好適である。
細繊度の繊維を用いることで、他繊維を含む層との間隙を埋め、剛性を損なうことを抑制できる。尚、細繊度すぎると剛性を損ない、高い剛性、耐震性及び飛散防止性を同時に備えることが困難になる傾向にある。
また、伸度は、5.0%以下が好ましく、3.0%以下がより好ましい。
更に、弾性率は、400cN/dtex以上が好ましく、500cN/dtex以上がより好ましい。
図4において、1は紡糸ヘッド、2は紡糸パック、3は紡糸口金、4はヒーター、5は保温筒である。
γ=4Q/πr3
(但し、rは紡糸口金孔の半径(cm)、Qは単孔当たりのポリマー吐出量(cm3/sec))
上記範囲であると、繊維の配向が十分となり、細繊度の繊維が得られやすく、目的の物性が得られやすい傾向にある。
なお、溶融粘度はキャピログラフ(東洋精機製作所製 型式1B)を用い、径0.5mm、長さ5mmのノズルで、試料を融点+30℃で昇温し、試料がノズルを通る際、1000sec−1の剪断速度がかかった時の粘度で定義される。
なお、本発明において紡糸巻取り張力は、巻取りボビン9で巻き取られる際にかかる張力について測定したものを示したものである。
このとき、単糸繊度4.0dtex以下の全芳香族ポリエステル繊維を製造するにあたっては、紡糸工程での紡糸巻取り張力を5cN以上、60cN以下にすることで、巻き返しでの繊維の解舒性が良好になり、単糸切れや糸切れが無い、高品位な糸を得ることが出来る。
ここで嵩密度とは、パッケージの外寸法と芯材となる熱処理用ボビンの外寸法とから求められる繊維の占有体積Vf(cc)、及び、繊維の質量Wf(g)から、Wf/Vfにより計算される値である。なお、占有体積Vfはパッケージの外形寸法を実測し、巻き返されたボビンが回転対称であることを仮定して計算することで求められる値であり、Wfは繊度と巻取長から計算される値、もしくは巻取前後での質量差により実測される値である。嵩密度を低くするためには巻き返し速度を500m/分以下とすることが好ましく、400m/分以下とすることがより好ましい。
本発明においては、全芳香族ポリエステル繊維のみで構成する繊維構造体を用いる方が飛散をより効果的に抑制することができ、好適である。
また、全芳香族ポリエステル繊維と無機繊維とからなる繊維構造体とする場合、全芳香族ポリエステル繊維は、繊維構造体(2)中、50質量%以上とすることが好ましい。
また、補強形態によっては短繊維として用いてもよい。
また、全芳香族ポリエステル繊維と無機繊維の形態は、同じであっても異なっていても良い。
高目付であれば繊維による強化効果を望めるが、含有樹脂を均一に充満させることが難しくなり、繊維強化複合材料にした際に、剛性を損なう恐れがある。一方、低目付であれば、強化繊維が不足するため、同じく剛性を損なう恐れがある。
本発明において、「中心層以外の層に存在する」とは、繊維強化複合材料の厚み方向の中心部分を形成する層以外の層に、全芳香族ポリエステル繊維を含有する繊維構造体(2)が存在することを意味する。
また、全芳香族ポリエステル繊維を含む繊維構造体(2)を、外層に近接配置するほど、高い制振性の付与が可能となる。
また、繊維強化複合材料の厚み方向の中心部分に、全芳香族ポリエステル繊維を含有する繊維構造体(2)の層が存在し、この中心層以外の層に、全芳香族ポリエステル繊維を含有する繊維構造体(2)が存在するようにしてもよい。
全芳香族ポリエステル繊維の比率が低いと、制振性及び飛散防止性の効果が得られにくくなり、反対に、無機繊維の比率が低いと、剛性が低下する傾向にある。
実施例中の各評価は以下のようにして行った。
JIS L1013(2010)の標準時試験に準じ、引張り試験機(島津製作所製、AGS−500NX)を用い、試料長200mm、引張り速度200mm/分にて破断強伸度及び弾性率(初期引張抵抗度)を求めた。
2)繊維強化複合材料の曲げ強度
JIS K7017に準じ、3点曲げにて測定した。
3)繊維強化複合材料の衝撃値
JIS K7111に準じ、測定した。
4)繊維強化複合材料の振動減衰性
JIS G0602に準じ、対数減衰率の算出を行った。
5)繊維強化複合材料の破断エネルギー
シャルピー衝撃試験機を用い、完全破断に必要なエネルギー量の算出を行った。
金井工機社製の電子式張力計CM−100Rを用い、紡糸巻取り中、図4の第二ゴデットロール8と巻取りボビン9間の走行張力を3回測定し、その平均値で表した。
強度25cN/dtex、伸度2%及び弾性率600cN/dtexの全芳香族ポリエステル繊維(KBセーレン株式会社製「Zxion(ゼクシオン)」(登録商標)、総繊度220dT、単糸繊度4.6dtex)を使用した平織物(目付64g/m2、織密度経緯ともに35本/inch(2.54cm))に、エポキシ樹脂(樹脂目付40g/m2)を塗付したプリプレグシートBを作製した。
炭素繊維3K平織クロス(目付340g/m2)にエポキシ樹脂(樹脂目付40g/m2)を塗布したものをプリプレグAとして用い、図1に示すように、A×1層/B×5層/A×16層/B×5層/A×1層の構成にて積層し、オートクレーブ成形法(温度130℃、時間120分、圧力5MPa)にて繊維強化複合材料10を得た。
得られた繊維強化複合材料10について、各評価を行った。その結果を、表1に併せて示す。
実施例1で用いたプリプレグAを、実施例1の繊維強化複合材料と同じ厚みとなるよう、22枚積層したものを用意し、同条件にてオートクレーブ成形を行った。
得られた繊維強化複合材料について、各評価を行った。その結果を、表1に併せて示す。
実施例1で用いたプリプレグAとプリプレグBを、図2に示すように、A×9層/B×10層/A×9層の構成にて積層し、実施例1と同様にして、繊維強化複合材料20を調製した。
得られた繊維強化複合材料20について、各評価を行った。その結果を、表1に併せて示す。
実施例1で用いたプリプレグAとプリプレグBを、図3に示すように、A×17層/B×10層/A×1層の構成にて積層し、実施例1と同様にして、繊維強化複合材料10を調製した。
得られた繊維強化複合材料10について、各評価を行った。その結果を、表1に併せて示す。
炭素繊維15Kを使用した一方向材(目付60g/m2)にエポキシ樹脂(目付40g/m2)を塗布したものをプリプレグC(目付100g/m2)として用い、45°ずらしにて48層に積層し、実施例1と同条件にてオートクレーブ成形を行った。
得られた繊維強化複合材料について、各評価を行った。その結果を、表1に併せて示す。
強度25cN/dtex、伸度2%及び弾性率600cN/dtexの全芳香族ポリエステル繊維(KBセーレン株式会社製「Zxion(ゼクシオン)」(登録商標)、単糸繊度2.3dtex)を使用した一方向材(目付60g/m2)に、エポキシ樹脂(目付40g/m2)となるよう塗付したプリプレグシートD(目付100g/m2)を作製した。
すなわち、溶融異方性を示す全芳香族ポリエステル樹脂(融点340℃、融点+30℃、剪断速度1000sec−1における溶融粘度30Poise)を、140℃の真空乾燥機中で24時間乾燥し、水分率5ppmとした後、単軸押出機にて溶融押出し、ギアポンプで計量して、紡糸パックに樹脂を供給した。このときの押出機出口から紡糸パックまでの紡糸温度は360℃とした。孔径0.09mmの孔を48個有する紡糸口金より吐出量11.6cc/分で樹脂を吐出した。吐出した樹脂に油剤を付与し、第一ゴデットロール、次いで第二ゴデットロールに導き、48フィラメント共に867m/分にて巻取りボビンに巻き取り、全芳香族ポリエステル繊維を得た。このときの巻取り張力(紡糸巻取り張力)は20cNであった。約120分間の巻き取り中、糸切れは発生せず、紡糸操業性は良好であった。次いで、紡糸巻取りボビンから熱処理ボビンへ300m/分で巻き返しを行った。50000mの巻き返し中、単糸切れや糸切れは発生せず、巻き返しは良好に実施でき、操業性も良好であった。この繊維を、310℃で10時間、窒素中で処理した後、熱処理ボビンから紙管へ巻き返しを行った。50000mの巻き返し中、単糸切れや糸切れは発生せず、巻き返しは良好に実施でき、操業性も良好であった。
得られた繊維強化複合材料について、各評価を行った。その結果を、表1に併せて示す。
参考例3で用いたプリプレグCとプリプレグDを、C×16層/D×8層/C×16層の構成にて45°ずらしにて積層し、実施例1と同様にして、繊維強化複合材料20を調製した。
得られた繊維強化複合材料20について、各評価を行った。その結果を、表1に併せて示す。
2 紡糸パック
3 紡糸口金
4 ヒーター
5 保温筒
6 油剤付与装置
7 第一ゴデットロール
8 第二ゴデットロール
9 巻取りボビン
10 実施例の繊維強化複合材料
20 比較例の繊維強化複合材料
A プリプレグA
B プリプレグB
Claims (6)
- 無機繊維のみからなる繊維構造体(1)と全芳香族ポリエステル繊維を含有する繊維構造体(2)とが積層され、これらに樹脂が含浸されてなる繊維強化複合材料であって、繊維強化複合材料の最外層が、無機繊維のみからなる繊維構造体(1)であり、かつ、全芳香族ポリエステル繊維を含有する繊維構造体(2)が少なくとも一層、前記繊維強化複合材料の厚み方向の中心部分以外に存在し、
前記全芳香族ポリエステル繊維は、総繊度が15〜1100dtex、単糸繊度が5dtex以下であり、
前記全芳香族ポリエステル繊維を含有する繊維構造体(2)は、織物である、
ことを特徴とする繊維強化複合材料。 - 全芳香族ポリエステル繊維を含有する繊維構造体(2)が、繊維構造体(1)及び(2)全体中、5〜40質量%であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の繊維強化複合材料。
- 全芳香族ポリエステル繊維を含有する繊維構造体(2)が、全芳香族ポリエステル繊維のみからなる繊維構造体であり、かつ、該繊維構造体(2)が、繊維構造体(1)及び(2)全体中、5質量%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の繊維強化複合材料。
- 前記織物の目付けが50〜100g/m2であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の繊維強化複合材料。
- 前記全芳香族ポリエステル繊維の強度が10.0cN/dtex以上であり、伸度が5.0%以下である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の繊維強化複合材料。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の繊維強化複合材料に用いる、全芳香族ポリエステル繊維を含有する繊維構造体に、樹脂を含浸、塗布またはラミネートしてなるプリプレグ。
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| CN107187138B (zh) * | 2016-03-15 | 2021-04-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种井下工具用高强度复合材料及其制备方法 |
| US20180345604A1 (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2018-12-06 | Arris Composites Llc | Aligned fiber reinforced molding |
| US12226961B2 (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2025-02-18 | Arris Composites Inc. | Preform charges and fixtures therefor |
| RU2687938C1 (ru) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-05-16 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" (ФГУП "ВИАМ") | Полимерный композиционный материал с интегрированным вибропоглощающим слоем |
| EP4173815A1 (de) | 2021-10-28 | 2023-05-03 | Bond Laminates GmbH | Asymmetrische verbundwerkstoffanordnung |
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| TW201604007A (zh) | 2016-02-01 |
| EP3127694A1 (en) | 2017-02-08 |
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| EP3127694A4 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
| US20160355651A1 (en) | 2016-12-08 |
| TWI606924B (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
| CN105555521B (zh) | 2018-05-18 |
| US10494494B2 (en) | 2019-12-03 |
| WO2015151919A1 (ja) | 2015-10-08 |
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