JP6800977B2 - 高圧圧縮及び膨張による天然ガスの予冷 - Google Patents
高圧圧縮及び膨張による天然ガスの予冷 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6800977B2 JP6800977B2 JP2018530577A JP2018530577A JP6800977B2 JP 6800977 B2 JP6800977 B2 JP 6800977B2 JP 2018530577 A JP2018530577 A JP 2018530577A JP 2018530577 A JP2018530577 A JP 2018530577A JP 6800977 B2 JP6800977 B2 JP 6800977B2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being hydrocarbons or a mixture of hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
- F25J2240/04—Multiple expansion turbines in parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/80—Hot exhaust gas turbine combustion engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
- F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/08—Internal refrigeration by flash gas recovery loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/12—Particular process parameters like pressure, temperature, ratios
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/72—Processing device is used off-shore, e.g. on a platform or floating on a ship or barge
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Description
この出願は、引用によって本明細書にその全体が組み込まれる「高圧圧縮及び膨張による天然ガスの予冷」というタイトルの2015年12月14日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/266,985号の利益を主張するものである。
Claims (21)
- 液化天然ガス(LNG)を生産する方法であって、
天然ガスの供給から天然ガスストリームを提供する段階と、
直列に配置された少なくとも2つの圧縮器内で、前記天然ガスストリームを少なくとも2,000psiaの第1の圧力まで圧縮して圧縮天然ガスストリームを形成する段階と、
前記圧縮天然ガスストリームを冷却して冷却圧縮天然ガスストリームを形成する段階と、
3,000psia未満であり、かつ前記少なくとも2つの直列に配置された圧縮器が前記天然ガスストリームを圧縮する前記第1の圧力よりも大きくない第2の圧力まで、前記冷却圧縮天然ガスストリームを少なくとも1つの仕事生成天然ガス膨張器内で膨張させ、それによって第1の冷えた天然ガスストリームを形成する段階と、
前記第1の冷えた天然ガスストリームを第2の冷えた天然ガスストリーム、第1の冷媒ストリーム、及び第2の冷媒ストリームに分離する段階と、
開ループ供給ガス膨張器ベースの液化モジュールの一部を形成する暖端膨張器内で前記第1の冷媒ストリームを膨張させて第1の冷却ストリームを生成する段階と、
前記開ループ供給ガス膨張器ベースの液化モジュールの一部を形成する冷端膨張器内で前記第2の冷媒ストリームを膨張させて第2の冷却ストリームを生成する段階と、
第1の温度を有する前記第1の冷却ストリームを前記暖端膨張器から放出する段階と、
第2の温度を有する前記第2の冷却ストリームを前記冷端膨張器から放出する段階であって、前記第1の温度は、前記第2の温度よりも高い段階と、
前記開ループ供給ガス膨張器ベースの液化モジュール内で、前記第1の冷却ストリーム及び前記第2の冷却ストリームとの熱交換により前記第2の冷えた天然ガスストリームを液化する段階と、を含み、
熱交換後の前記第1の冷却ストリーム及び前記第2の冷却ストリームを含む再循環冷媒ストリームが、前記圧縮する段階の前に前記天然ガスストリームと組み合わされる、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 液化天然ガス(LNG)を生産する方法であって、
天然ガスの供給から天然ガスストリームを提供する段階と、
直列に配置された少なくとも2つの圧縮器内で、前記天然ガスストリームを少なくとも2,000psiaの第1の圧力まで圧縮して圧縮天然ガスストリームを形成する段階と、
前記圧縮天然ガスストリームを冷却して冷却圧縮天然ガスストリームを形成する段階と、
3,000psia未満であり、かつ前記少なくとも2つの直列に配置された圧縮器が前記天然ガスストリームを圧縮する前記第1の圧力よりも大きくない第2の圧力まで、前記冷却圧縮天然ガスストリームを少なくとも1つの仕事生成天然ガス膨張器内で膨張させ、それによって第1の冷えた天然ガスストリームを形成する段階と、
前記第1の冷えた天然ガスストリームを第2の冷えた天然ガスストリーム、第1の冷媒ストリーム、及び第2の冷媒ストリームに分離する段階と、
開ループ供給ガス膨張器ベースの液化モジュールの一部を形成する暖端膨張器内で前記第1の冷媒ストリームを膨張させて第1の冷却ストリームを生成する段階と、
前記開ループ供給ガス膨張器ベースの液化モジュールの一部を形成する前記冷端膨張器内で前記第2の冷媒ストリームを膨張させて2相ストリームを生成する段階と、
第1の温度を有する前記第1の冷却ストリームを前記暖端膨張器から放出する段階と、
前記2相ストリームを第2の冷却ストリーム及び第1の加圧LNGストリームに分離する段階と、
第2の温度を有する前記第2の冷却ストリームを前記冷端膨張器から放出する段階であって、前記第1の温度は、前記第2の温度よりも高い段階と、
前記開ループ供給ガス膨張器ベースの液化モジュール内で、前記第1の冷却ストリーム及び前記第2の冷却ストリームとの熱交換により前記第2の冷えた天然ガスストリームを液化する段階と、を含み、
熱交換後の前記第1の冷却ストリーム及び前記第2の冷却ストリームを含む再循環冷媒ストリームが、前記圧縮する段階の前に前記天然ガスストリームと組み合わされる、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記第1の冷却ストリームの圧力が、
前記第2の冷却ストリームの圧力と同じか又は類似であり、又は
前記第2の冷却ストリームの圧力よりも高い、
のうちの一方である、
請求項1又は2に記載の方法。 - 前記液化する段階は、前記第1の冷却ストリーム及び前記第2の冷却ストリームと熱を交換することにより、前記第2の冷えた天然ガスストリームを冷却して第2の加圧LNGストリームを形成する段階を含む、
請求項2に記載の方法。 - 前記第2の加圧LNGストリームは、該第2の加圧LNGストリームを膨張させる前に前記第1の加圧LNGストリームと混合される、
請求項4に記載の方法。 - 前記第2の加圧LNGストリームの圧力を該第2の加圧LNGストリームが少なくとも1つの段の圧力低下を受けるように低減する段階と、
前記減圧された第2の加圧LNGストリームをエンドフラッシュガスストリーム及びLNGストリームに分離する段階と、
前記エンドフラッシュガスストリームを使用して前記第2の加圧LNGストリーム及び前記第2の冷えた天然ガスストリームを冷却する段階と、を更に含む、
請求項4に記載の方法。 - 前記エンドフラッシュガスストリームを使用して前記第2の加圧LNGストリーム及び前記第2の冷えた天然ガスストリームを冷却した後に、該エンドフラッシュガスストリームを圧縮し、圧縮エンドフラッシュガスストリームを前記再循環冷媒ストリームと混合する段階を更に含む、
請求項6に記載の方法。 - 前記エンドフラッシュガスストリームを使用して前記第2の加圧LNGストリーム及び前記第2の冷えた天然ガスストリームを冷却した後に、該エンドフラッシュガスストリームを圧縮して該圧縮エンドフラッシュガスストリームを燃料として使用する段階を更に含む、
請求項6に記載の方法。 - 前記少なくとも2つの圧縮器は、前記天然ガスストリームを3,000psiaよりも大きい圧力まで圧縮する、
請求項1ないし8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記仕事生成天然ガス膨張器は、前記冷却圧縮天然ガスストリームを2,000psia未満の圧力まで膨張させるように構成されている、
請求項1ないし9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記仕事生成天然ガス膨張器は、少なくとも1つの圧縮器に機械的に結合される、
請求項1ないし9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記圧縮天然ガスストリームを冷却する段階は、環境と熱を交換する少なくとも1つの熱交換器内で該圧縮天然ガスストリームを冷却する段階を含む、
請求項1ないし11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記少なくとも2つの直列に配置された圧縮器のうちの1つが、前記仕事生成天然ガス膨張器によって駆動される、
請求項1ないし12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 浮遊式LNG構造体の上甲板上で前記圧縮する段階、冷却する段階、膨張させる段階、及び液化する段階を行う段階を更に含む、
請求項1ないし13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記圧縮する段階、冷却する段階、及び膨張させる段階は、前記浮遊式LNG構造体の前記上甲板上の単一モジュール内で行われる、
請求項14に記載の方法。 - 天然ガスの液化のための装置であって、
天然ガスストリームを2,000psiaよりも大きい第1の圧力まで圧縮し、それによって圧縮天然ガスストリームを形成するように構成された少なくとも2つの直列に配置された圧縮器と、
前記圧縮天然ガスストリームを冷却し、それによって冷却圧縮天然ガスストリーム形成するように構成された冷却要素と、
3,000psia未満及び前記少なくとも2つの直列に配置された圧縮器が前記天然ガスストリームを圧縮する前記第1の圧力よりも大きくない第2の圧力まで前記冷却圧縮天然ガスストリームを膨張させ、それによって冷えた天然ガスストリームを形成するように構成された少なくとも1つの仕事生成天然ガス膨張器と、を備え、
前記冷えた天然ガスストリームは、第1の冷えた天然ガスストリームであり、
前記装置は、さらに、
前記第1の冷えた天然ガスストリームを、第2の冷えた天然ガスストリームと、第1の冷媒ストリームと、第2の冷媒ストリームとに分離するための手段と、
前記冷えた天然ガスストリームを液化するように構成された液化のための設備と、を備え、
前記液化のための設備は、開ループ供給ガス膨張器ベースの液化モジュールを備え、
前記装置が、
前記天然ガスストリームが前記2又は3以上の直列に配置された圧縮器によって圧縮される前に該天然ガスストリームと組み合わされる前記開ループ供給ガス膨張器ベースの工程の再循環冷媒ストリームを更に備え、
前記開ループ供給ガス膨張器ベースの液化モジュールは、
前記第1の冷媒ストリームを膨張させて膨張器から放出される第1の温度を有する第1の冷却ストリームを形成するように構成された暖端膨張器と、
前記第2の冷媒ストリームを膨張させて膨張器から放出される第2の温度を有する第2の冷却ストリームを形成するように構成された冷端膨張器と、
前記第2の冷えた天然ガスストリームを、前記第1の冷却ストリーム及び前記第2の冷却ストリームとの熱交換により液化するように構成された第1の熱交換器と、を備え、
前記第1の温度は、前記第2の温度よりも高く、
前記再循環冷媒ストリームは、熱交換した前記第1の冷却ストリーム及び前記第2の冷却ストリームを含む、
ことを特徴とする装置。 - 天然ガスの液化のための装置であって、
天然ガスストリームを2,000psiaよりも大きい第1の圧力まで圧縮し、それによって圧縮天然ガスストリームを形成するように構成された少なくとも2つの直列に配置された圧縮器と、
前記圧縮天然ガスストリームを冷却し、それによって冷却圧縮天然ガスストリーム形成するように構成された冷却要素と、
3,000psia未満及び前記少なくとも2つの直列に配置された圧縮器が前記天然ガスストリームを圧縮する前記第1の圧力よりも大きくない第2の圧力まで前記冷却圧縮天然ガスストリームを膨張させ、それによって冷えた天然ガスストリームを形成するように構成された少なくとも1つの仕事生成天然ガス膨張器と、を備え、
前記冷えた天然ガスストリームは、第1の冷えた天然ガスストリームであり、
前記装置は、さらに、
前記第1の冷えた天然ガスストリームを、第2の冷えた天然ガスストリームと、第1の冷媒ストリームと、第2の冷媒ストリームとに分離するための手段と、
前記冷えた天然ガスストリームを液化するように構成された液化のための設備と、を備え、
前記液化のための設備は、開ループ供給ガス膨張器ベースの液化モジュールを備え、
前記装置が、
前記天然ガスストリームが前記2又は3以上の直列に配置された圧縮器によって圧縮される前に該天然ガスストリームと組み合わされる前記開ループ供給ガス膨張器ベースの工程の再循環冷媒ストリームを更に備え、
前記開ループ供給ガス膨張器ベースの液化モジュールは、
前記第1の冷媒ストリームを膨張させて膨張器から放出される第1の温度を有する第1の冷却ストリームを形成するように構成された暖端膨張器と、
前記第2の冷媒ストリームを膨張させて膨張器から放出される第2の温度を有する2相ストリームを形成するように構成された冷端膨張器と、
前記2相ストリームを第2の冷却ストリーム及び第1の加圧LNGストリームに分離するように構成された分離器と、
前記第2の冷えた天然ガスストリームを、前記第1の冷却ストリーム及び前記第2の冷却ストリームとの熱交換により液化するように構成された第1の熱交換器と、
を備え、
前記第1の温度は、前記第2の温度よりも高い、
前記再循環冷媒ストリームは、熱交換した前記第1の冷却ストリーム及び前記第2の冷却ストリームを含む、
ことを特徴とする装置。 - 前記仕事生成天然ガス膨張器は、前記冷却圧縮天然ガスストリームを2,000psia未満の圧力まで膨張させるように構成されている、
請求項16又は17に記載の装置。 - 前記冷却要素は、環境と熱を交換することによって前記圧縮天然ガスストリームを冷却するように構成された第2の熱交換器を備えている、
請求項16ないし18のいずれか1項に記載の装置。 - 前記少なくとも2つの直列に配置された圧縮器、前記冷却要素、前記少なくとも1つの仕事生成天然ガス膨張器、及び前記液化のための設備は、浮遊式LNG構造体上に配置されている、
請求項16ないし19のいずれか1項に記載の装置。 - 前記少なくとも2つの直列に配置された圧縮器、前記冷却要素、及び前記少なくとも1つの仕事生成天然ガス膨張器は、前記浮遊式LNG構造体の上甲板上の単一モジュール内に配置されている、
請求項20に記載の装置。
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| US201562266985P | 2015-12-14 | 2015-12-14 | |
| US62/266,985 | 2015-12-14 | ||
| PCT/US2016/061335 WO2017105687A1 (en) | 2015-12-14 | 2016-11-10 | Pre-cooling of natural gas by high pressure compression and expansion |
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