JP7042017B2 - 心臓幹細胞、ならびに該細胞を同定し、そして用いる方法 - Google Patents
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Description
[0001]本出願は、本明細書にその全体が援用される、2012年11月30日出願の米国仮出願第61/731,835号の優先権を主張する。
[0002]本明細書に開示する態様は、P20 HL101443の下で、米国国立衛生研究所によって授与される政府支援を用いて作成され、したがって、米国政府は特定の権利を有しうる。
本概要は、請求項の範囲または意味を解釈するかまたは限定するために用いられないとい
う理解とともに提出される。
本明細書は以下の発明の開示を包含する。
[1]心臓細胞集団から心臓前駆細胞を単離する方法であって:
リン酸化網膜芽細胞腫タンパク質を含む細胞として、集団中の心臓前駆細胞を同定し;
そして
同定された心臓前駆細胞を単離する
ことを含む、前記方法。
[2]前記同定が、リン酸化Rbを検出する剤と、心臓細胞集団を接触させることを含む、[1]の方法。
[3]前記剤が過剰リン酸化Rbを検出する、[2]の方法。
[4]前記リン酸化Rbを検出する剤が抗体である、[2]の方法。
[5]前記抗体が、RbのSer608位でリン酸化されたRbに結合する、[4]の方法。
[6]前記剤または抗体が検出可能標識を含む、[2]~[5]のいずれか一項の方法。
[7]こうした投与が必要な被験体に、単離された心臓前駆細胞を投与することをさらに含む、[1]の方法。
[8]前記被験体が心臓疾患を有する、[7]の方法。
[9]心臓疾患が、心臓血管疾患、心筋症、心筋気絶、末梢血管疾患、間欠性跛行、頻脈、虚血-再灌流、心筋梗塞、急性腎不全、脳卒中、低血圧、塞栓症、血栓塞栓症(血餅)、鎌状赤血球病、体に向かう四肢への限局性の圧力、腫瘍、およびその任意の組み合わせである、[8]の方法。
[10]前記単離された心臓前駆細胞がGata4に関して陽性である(Gata4+)、[1]の方法。
[11]前記単離された心臓前駆細胞がARFに関して陰性である(ARF-)、[1]の方法。
[12]前記単離された心臓前駆細胞がGata4に関して陽性であり(Gata4+)、そしてARFに関して陰性である(ARF-)、[1]の方法。
[13]前記単離が、細胞集団から同定された細胞をソーティングすることを含む、[1]の方法。
[14]同定が、蛍光補助細胞ソーター(FACS)、レーザー走査型サイトメトリー、蛍光顕微鏡検査、RT-PCR、DNAハイブリダイゼーション、蛍光in situハイブリダイゼーション、質量分析、マイクロアレイ分析、免疫組織化学分析、または任意のその組み合わせを用いて心臓前駆細胞を同定することを含む、[1]の方法。
[15]治療が必要な被験体において、心臓疾患を治療する方法であって、療法的有効量の単離された心臓前駆細胞を投与することを含み、該心臓前駆細胞が:
リン酸化網膜芽細胞腫タンパク質を含む細胞として、集団中の心臓前駆細胞を同定し;
そして
同定された心臓前駆細胞を単離することを含む方法にしたがって単離される、前記方法。
[16]単離された細胞がGata4に関して陽性であり(Gata4+)、そして/またはARFに関して陰性である(ARF-)、[15]の方法。
[17]心臓疾患が、心臓血管疾患、心筋症、心筋気絶、末梢血管疾患、間欠性跛行、頻脈、虚血-再灌流、心筋梗塞、急性腎不全、脳卒中、低血圧、塞栓症、血栓塞栓症(血餅)、鎌状赤血球病、体に向かう四肢への限局性の圧力、腫瘍、およびその任意の組み合わせである、[15]の方法。
[18]心臓細胞集団から心臓前駆細胞を単離する方法であって:
ホスホ-Rb陽性またはGata4に関して陽性であり、そして/またはARFに関して陰性であるか、またはその任意の組み合わせである細胞として、集団中の心臓前駆細胞
を同定し;そして
同定された心臓前駆細胞を単離する
ことを含む、前記方法。
[19]ホスホ-Rb陽性およびGata4に関して陽性である細胞を、心臓前駆細胞として同
定する、[18]の方法。
[20]ホスホ-Rb陽性に関して陽性であり、そしてARFに関して陰性である細胞を、心臓前駆細胞として同定する、[18]の方法。
[21]Gata4に関して陽性であり、そしてARFに関して陰性である細胞を、心臓前駆細胞として同定する、[18]の方法。
[22]ホスホ-Rb陽性およびGata4に関して陽性であり、そしてARFに関して陰性である細胞を、心臓前駆細胞として同定する、[18]の方法。
[23]前記同定が、蛍光補助細胞ソーター(FACS)、レーザー走査型サイトメトリー、蛍光顕微鏡検査、RT-PCR、DNAハイブリダイゼーション、蛍光in situハイブリダイゼーション、質量分析、マイクロアレイ分析、免疫組織化学分析、または任意のその組み合わせを用いて心臓前駆細胞を同定することを含む、[18]の方法。
[24]前記同定される心臓前駆細胞が、N-カドヘリン陽性、コネキシン-43陽性、Isl1陽性、Wt1陽性、CDK2陽性、CDK4陽性、CDK6陽性、E2F陽性、ホスホ-p107陽性、ホスホ-p130陽性、CCNA陽性、CCND1陽性、CCND2陽性、CCND3陽性、CCNE陽性、c-kit陽性、CD3陰性、CD14陰性、CD68陰性、Nkx2.5陽性、MITF陽性、MEF2c陽性、またはその任意の組み合わせである、[18]の方法。
[25]前記同定された心臓前駆細胞を単離する前に、N-カドヘリン陽性、コネキシン-43陽性、Isl1陽性、Wt1陽性、CDK2陽性、CDK4陽性、CDK6陽性、E2F陽性、ホスホ-p107陽性、ホスホ-p130陽性、CCNA陽性、CCND1陽性、CCND2陽性、CCND3陽性、CCNE陽性、c-kit陽性、CD3陰性、CD14陰性、CD68陰性、Nkx2.5陽性、MITF陽性、MEF2c陽性、またはその任意の組み合わせである細胞を同定することをさらに含む、[18]の方法。
[26][18]~[25]のいずれか一項の方法にしたがって得られる心臓前駆細胞の単離された集団を含む組成物。
[27]心筋細胞集団から、再生心筋細胞を単離する方法であって:
ホスホ-Rb陽性、Gata4陽性、ARF陰性、N-カドヘリン陽性、コネキシン-43陽性、Isl1陽性、Wt1陽性、CDK2陽性、CDK4陽性、CDK6陽性、E2F陽性、ホスホ-p107陽性、ホスホ-p130陽性、CCNA陽性、CCND1陽性、CCND2陽性、CCND3陽性、CCNE陽性、CDKN1a陰性、CDKN1b陰性、CDKN1c陰性、CDKN2a陰性、CDKN2b陰性、CDKN2c陰性、CDKN3陰性、c-kit陽性、CD3陰性、CD14陰性、CD68陰性、Nkx2.5陽性、MITF陽性、MEF2c陽性、およびその任意の組み合わせより選択される少なくとも1つのマーカーに関して陽性である細胞として、集団中の再生心筋細胞を同定し;そして
同定された再生心筋細胞を単離する
ことを含む、前記方法。
[28]ホスホ-Rb陽性である心筋細胞を再生心筋細胞と同定する、[28]の方法。
[29]ホスホ-Rb陽性およびGata4陽性である心筋細胞を再生心筋細胞と同定する、[28]の方法。
[30]ホスホ-Rb陽性およびARF陰性である心筋細胞を再生心筋細胞と同定する、[28]の方法。
[31]ホスホ-Rb陽性、Gata4陽性、およびARF陰性である心筋細胞を再生心筋細胞と同定する、[28]の方法。
[32]N-カドヘリン陽性、コネキシン-43陽性、Isl1陽性、Wt1陽性、CDK2陽性、CDK4陽性、CDK6陽性、E2F陽性、ホスホ-p107陽性、ホスホ-p130陽性、CCNA陽性、CCND1陽性、CCND2陽性、CCND3陽性、CCNE陽性、CDKN1a陰性、CDKN1b陰性、CDKN1c陰性、CDKN2a陰性、CDKN2b陰性、CDKN2c陰性、CDKN3陰性、c-kit陽性、CD3陰性、CD14陰性、CD68陰性、Nkx2.5陽性、MITF陽性、MEF2c陽性からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つのさらなるマーカーを有する心筋細胞を、再生心筋細胞と同定する、[28]~[32]のいずれか一項の方法。
[33]前記同定が、蛍光補助細胞ソーター(FACS)、レーザー走査型サイトメトリー、蛍光顕微鏡検査、RT-PCR、DNAハイブリダイゼーション、蛍光in situハイブリダイゼーション、質量分析、マイクロアレイ分析、免疫組織化学分析、または任意のその組み合わせを用いて心臓前駆細胞を同定することを含む、[28]の方法。
[34]心臓疾患に関して治療される被験体において、心臓の再生を予測する方法であって:
被験体から心臓細胞を含む生物学的試料を得て;
生物学的試料におけるリン酸化網膜芽細胞腫(pRb)レベルを測定し;そして
生物学的試料におけるリン酸化網膜芽細胞腫(pRb)レベルを、ベースライン対照と比較する、ここでベースライン対照と比較した際、被験体の生物学的試料におけるpRbレベルが増加していると、被験体における心臓細胞の再生が予測される
ことを含む、前記方法。
[35]測定が、網膜芽細胞腫タンパク質のSer608でのリン酸化を測定することを含む、[35]の方法。
[36]リン酸化網膜芽細胞腫(pRb)レベルを測定することが、免疫組織化学アッセイ、ウェスタンブロットアッセイ、ELISA、生化学的酵素アッセイ、またはその任意の組み合わせで、pRbを定量化することを含む、[35]の方法。
[37]前記心臓細胞が成熟心筋細胞である、[35]の方法。
[38]前記心臓細胞がGata4陽性(Gata4+)心臓前駆細胞(CPC)である、[35]の方法。
[39]心臓疾患に関して治療される被験体を、優れた予後を持つ被験体として同定する方法であって:
被験体から心臓細胞を含む生物学的試料を得て;
生物学的試料におけるリン酸化網膜芽細胞腫(pRb)レベルを測定し;そして
生物学的試料におけるリン酸化網膜芽細胞腫(pRb)レベルを、ベースライン対照と
比較する
ここでベースライン対照と比較した際、被験体の生物学的試料におけるpRbレベルが
増加していると、被験体が優れた予後を有すると同定される
ことを含む、前記方法。
[40]前記測定が、網膜芽細胞腫タンパク質のSer608でのリン酸化を測定することを含む、[40]の方法。
[41]リン酸化網膜芽細胞腫(pRb)レベルを測定することが、免疫組織化学アッセイ、ウェスタンブロットアッセイ、ELISA、生化学的酵素アッセイ、またはその任意の組み合わせで、pRbを定量化することを含む、[40]の方法。
[42]心臓細胞が成熟心筋細胞である、[40]の方法。
[43]心臓細胞がGata4陽性(Gata4+)心臓前駆細胞(CPC)である、[40]の方法。
[44]成体骨髄由来間葉系細胞(MSC)、成体心臓幹細胞(CSC)、またはその任意の組み合わせで被験体を治療する、[40]の方法。
[45]心臓前駆細胞においてRb経路を調節する候補剤を同定する方法であって:
候補剤を心臓前駆細胞(CPC)集団と接触させ;そして
候補剤と接触させた心臓前駆細胞集団におけるリン酸化Rbレベルを、候補剤と接触させていないCPC集団におけるリン酸化Rbレベルに比較する、ここで、リン酸化Rbレベルの相違は、候補剤を、心臓前駆細胞においてRb経路を調節する剤と同定する
ことを含む、前記方法。
[46]心臓前駆細胞(CPC)が、リン酸化Rbser608(pRbser608)および/またはGata4に関して陽性である、[46]の方法。
[47]CPCが、リン酸化Rbser608(pRbser608)およびGata4に関して陽性である、[46]の方法。
[48]リン酸化Rbレベルの相違が少なくとも10%である、[46]の方法。
[49]in vitroまたはin vivoで、心臓細胞を再生する方法であって、心臓細胞を、網膜芽細胞腫(Rb)、INK4aの代替読み枠(ARF)タンパク質、またはその任意の組み合わせの機能を阻害する少なくとも1つの剤と接触させることを含む、前記方法。
[50]心臓細胞が、心臓幹細胞(CSC)、心臓前駆細胞(CPC)、心筋細胞、またはその任意の組み合わせを含む、[50]の方法。
[51]少なくとも1つの剤が、siRNA阻害剤、shRNA阻害剤、アンチセンスヌクレオチド阻害剤、ペプチド擬似体阻害剤、小分子、抗体、Rbをリン酸化するキナーゼ、ARFの転写リプレッサー、またはその任意の組み合わせを含む、[50]の方法。
[52]少なくとも1つの剤が、cdk4の活性化因子、cdk6の活性化因子、E2Fの活性化因子、非定型プロテインキナーゼCの活性化因子、Skp2の活性化因子、mdm2の活性化因子、MAPキナーゼの活性化因子、またはその任意の組み合わせを含む、[50]の方法。
[53]少なくとも1つの剤が、心臓細胞におけるRbのリン酸化を増加させ、そして/または心臓細胞におけるARFの発現を減少させる、[50]の方法。
[54]治療が必要な被験体において、虚血性障害を治療する方法であって、心臓細胞における網膜芽細胞腫(Rb)および/またはInk4aの代替読み枠(ARF)の機能を阻害する剤の療法的有効量を投与することを含む、前記方法。
[55]前記虚血性障害が、心臓手術、臓器移植、血管形成術、ステント留置、またはその任意の組み合わせによって引き起こされる、[54]の方法。
[56]虚血性障害が、心臓血管疾患、心筋症、心筋気絶、末梢血管疾患、間欠性跛行、頻脈、虚血-再灌流、心筋梗塞、急性腎不全、脳卒中、低血圧、塞栓症、血栓塞栓症(血餅)、鎌状赤血球病、体に向かう四肢への限局性の圧力、腫瘍、およびその任意の組み合わせより選択される、[54]の方法。
[57]剤が、siRNA阻害剤、shRNA阻害剤、アンチセンスヌクレオチド阻害剤、ペプチド擬似体阻害剤、小分子、抗体、Rbをリン酸化するキナーゼ、ARFの転写リプレッサー、またはその任意の組み合わせを含む、[54]の方法。
[58]剤が、心臓細胞におけるRbのリン酸化を増加させるか、心臓細胞におけるARF発現を減少させるか、またはその任意の組み合わせである、[54]の方法。
[59]in vitroまたはin vivoで、間葉系幹細胞(MSC)および心臓幹細胞(CSC)を共培養するプロセスによって形成される前駆細胞であって、リン酸化網膜芽細胞腫、セリン608(pRbser608)、およびGata4(Gata4+)に関して陽性であるマーカーによって同定される表現型を含む、前記前駆細胞。
[60]前記前駆細胞が、心臓前駆細胞(CPC)である、[59]の前駆細胞。
[61]前記前駆細胞が、ARF陰性である、[59]の前駆細胞。
[0038]用語「同種細胞」は、「レシピエント宿主」になる動物と同じ動物種であるが、1またはそれより多い遺伝子座で遺伝的に異なる細胞を指す。これは通常、1つの動物から、同じ種の別の非同一動物に移植される細胞にあてはまる。しかし、いくつかの態様において、1つの種由来の細胞を異なる種に投与することも可能である。
[0051]本明細書において、用語「療法剤」は、患者の望ましくない状態、疾患または症状を阻止するか、これらと闘うか、これらを寛解するか、防止するかまたは改善するために利用される剤を意味する。
[0060]本明細書に開示するいくつかの態様は、心臓細胞の投与を含んでもよい治療に反応した心臓再生を予測するマーカーに関する。本明細書に記載する態様の前には、患者の心臓細胞が、治療後に再生するかどうかは知られておらず、これは成体哺乳動物心臓における内因性細胞複製の根底にある機構がこれまでは未知であったためである。
[0090]いくつかの態様において、心臓細胞集団から心臓前駆細胞を単離する方法は、心臓細胞内に、レポータータンパク質およびRbの阻害剤をコードする核酸配列を導入し;レポータータンパク質を発現する細胞をスクリーニングし;そしてレポータータンパク質を発現している細胞を単離することを含むことも可能であり、ここで、単離された細胞は、レポータータンパク質を発現しない細胞に比較した際、Rbタンパク質レベルの減少を含む。いくつかの態様において、レポータータンパク質および阻害剤は、異なるDNA分子によってコードされてもよい。いくつかの態様において、レポータータンパク質および阻害剤は、単一のDNA分子によってコードされてもよい。心臓細胞内に導入される核酸は、プラスミド、ベクター、またはDNA断片であってもよい。いくつかの態様において、ベクターは、プラスミド、コスミド、ウイルス、バクテリオファージ、または遺伝子操作において慣用的に用いられる任意の別のベクターであってもよい。
[0115]いくつかの態様において、本明細書記載の態様にしたがった剤を含む薬学的調製物を提供する。
[0119]いくつかの態様において、マーカーは、患者の治療が進行しているかどうかを検証するであろう。例えば、pRbser608の量、活性または発現は、治療の経過中に変化し、そして正常な調節を反映することも可能である。
[0138]吸入による投与のため、使用する組成物は、適切な噴霧剤、例えばジクロロジフルオロメタン、トリクロロフルオロメタン、ジクロロテトラフルオロエタン、二酸化炭素または他の適切な気体の使用を伴い、加圧パックまたは噴霧器から、エアロゾルスプレー提示の形で好適に送達される。加圧エアロゾルの場合、投薬単位は、計測された量を送達するバルブを提供することによって、決定可能である。ペプチド/化合物の粉末混合物、および適切な粉末基剤、例えばラクトースまたはデンプンを含有する、例えば、吸入装置または吸入器で使用するためのゼラチンのカプセルおよびカートリッジを配合することも可能である。
[0143]組成物はまた、他の活性成分、例えばアジュバント、プロテアーゼ阻害剤、あるいは他の適合可能な薬剤または化合物と組み合わせて投与されてもよく、この場合、こうした組み合わせは、本明細書記載の方法の望ましい効果を達成する際に望ましいかまたは好都合であるように見えるものである。
方法
[0167]簡潔には、hCSCおよびhMSCを、組み合わせてまたは単独で、心筋梗塞(MI)後のブタ心臓に投与し、そして心臓pRb活性を評価した。記載されるように、MIの2週間後、幹細胞移植を行った(Williams AR, Hatzistergos KEら 心筋梗塞後の梗塞サイズを減少させ、そして心臓機能を回復させるヒト心臓幹細胞および骨髄間葉系幹細胞の効果増進。 Circulation. 2013 Jan 15;127(2):213-23(Epub 2012 Dec 5))。以下の群を研究した: 200M hMSC、1M hCSC、200M hMSCに加えて、1M hCSC、またはプラセボ(n=各3)。すべてのヒト細胞は、先に記載される方法を用いて、関連しないコード化されたドナーから得られた(Hare JMら JAMA 2012 November 6;1-11; Bolli Rら Lancet 2011 November 26;378(9806):1847-57)。
心筋梗塞
[0169]MIのブタモデルを最近記載されるように実行した(Hatzistergos KEら 骨髄間葉系幹細胞は、心臓幹細胞増殖および分化を刺激する。 Circ Res 2010 July 29; Williams ARら 心筋梗塞後の梗塞サイズを減少させ、そして心臓機能を回復させるヒト心臓幹細胞および骨髄間葉系幹細胞の効果増進。 Circulation. 印刷中 2012)。簡潔には、ヨークシャーブタ(35~40kg、n=22)に閉胸虚血-再灌流プロトコルを行って、前壁MIモデルを生成した。血管形成技術を用いて、第一対角枝のすぐ上で、左冠動脈前下降枝のバルーン閉塞を90分間実行してMIを誘導し、そしてバルーンをしぼませた後、血管造影によって、完全再灌流を確認した。
[0170]IRB認可およびインフォームドコンセントの後、単一のヒト男性ドナーにおいて、左心室補助デバイス(LVAD)の移植中に、頂端組織の中心から除去して、外植心臓組織を採取した。先に記載されるように、c-kitを発現するCSCを、酵素で解離させた心筋試料から、抗ヒトCD117抗体にカップリングさせた磁気マイクロビーズを用いて単離した(Bolli Rら Lancet 2011 November 26;378(9806):1847-57)。解離後、細胞を高密度でプレーティングし、増幅し、採取し、そして凍結保存した。
[0172]ECG同期および短時間の息止め獲得を伴う16チャネル体表面コイルを用いたSyngo MRソフトウェアを含むSiemens Trio 3T Tim(ドイツ・エアランゲン)スキャナー上でCMR研究を行った。QMassソフトウェア(Medis、オランダ・ライデン)を使用して、瘢痕サイズを計算した。
[0173]先に記載されるように、細胞療法の異種移植モデルを行った(Williams ARら Circulation. 印刷中 2012)。MIの14日後、動物に胸腔鏡誘導直接経心外膜幹細胞(n=9)またはプラセボ注射(n=3)を行った。MI誘導由来の冠動脈血管造影および遅延増進CMR画像法を再検討して、冠動脈解剖所見および梗塞の度合いを定義した。左小規模開胸術で、第五前方/側方肋間腔中に、小さい4~5cmの切開を生成し、そして左胸膜腔(plural cavity)に進入して、直接視覚下に置いた。5mmポートを第六または第七肋間腔に配置し、そして5mm内視鏡(Karl Storz、ドイツ・チューリンゲン)を左胸腔に挿入した。心膜を開放し、そして壁挙動異常および冠動脈解剖所見との相関によって、梗塞領域を同定した。カーブした27ゲージ針を接線方向で心筋内に挿入し、そして10の別個の注射を梗塞境界領域に投与した。指で穏やかに圧を掛けて、針穿刺部位の適切な止血を達成した。ポート切開を通じて、12フレンチの胸腔チューブを左胸膜腔内に挿入し、そして胸壁をトンネル通過させた。すべての切開を閉鎖し、そして胸腔チューブを-20cmの水中吸引に配置して、気胸の空気を抜いた。蛍光透視法を行って、肺の拡大を確認し、そして抜管前に胸腔チューブを除去した。動物を回復させ、そして3日間、経皮フェンタニルパッチ(75mcg/時間)で、そして処置直後にブプレノルフィン(0.03mg/kg IM)での適切な術後鎮痛剤を提供した。MIの6週後、すべての動物を安楽死させた。
[0174]先に記載されるように、5μm厚ホルマリン固定パラフィン包埋組織切片において、免疫蛍光分析および共焦点顕微鏡検査を行った(Hatzistergos KEら Circ Res 2010; 107(7):913-22)。簡潔には、組織切片を脱パラフィン処理し、そして再水和した後、クエン酸緩衝溶液、pH=6(Dako)中で20分間スライドをマイクロ波処理することによって、抗原アンマスキングを行った。切片を10%正常ロバ血清(Millipore)で1時間ブロッキングした後、一次抗体と4℃で一晩インキュベーションした。以下の抗体を用いた:抗ブタC-kit(マウス・モノクローナル)、抗ヒトc-kit(ウサギ・ポリクローナル; DAKO)、トロポミオシン(マウス・モノクローナル; Abcam)、ser-608 pRb(ヤギ・ポリクローナル; Santa Cruz Biotechnologies)、ARF(ウサギ・ポリクローナル; Novus BiologicalsおよびAbcam)、GATA-4(ウサギおよびヤギ・ポリクローナル; Santa Cruz Biotechnologies)、WT1(ウサギ・ポリクローナル; Santa Cruz Biotechnologies)、心臓ミオシン軽鎖-2v(ウサギ・ポリクローナル; Novus biological)、ラミニン(ヤギ・ポリクローナル; Abcam)およびser-10リン酸化ヒストン-H3(マウス・モノクローナル; Abcam)。翌日、アフィニティ精製二次抗体のFITC、Cy3またはCy5コンジュゲート化F(ab’)2断片(Jackson Immunoresearch)と37℃で1時間、切片をインキュベーションすることによって、抗体を視覚化した。スライドをDAPIで対比染色し、ProLong Antifade Gold試薬(Life Technologies)でマウントし、そしてさらに検査する前に4℃で保存した。Zeiss LSM-710共焦点顕微鏡(Carl Zeiss)で顕微鏡評価および画像獲得を行った。Carl Zeiss ZENソフトウェア(2009、簡易版)を分析に用いた。
[0175]すべての値を平均(+/-SEM)で表す。群間のpRbser608の相違を、クラスカル-ウォリスANOVAで計算した。筋細胞横断面面積の相違を計算するために、対応スチューデントt検定を使用した。線形回帰分析を用いて、cMRIに基づく瘢痕サイズ減少と細胞数の回帰を試験した。GraphPad Prism(バージョン4.03、カリフォルニア州ラホヤ)を用いて、すべてのデータを分析し、そしてグラフをプロットした。0.05未満のp値を統計的に有意と見なした。
[0176]pRbSer608は宿主再生心臓細胞を反映し、そしてMSC/CSC相互作用によって増進される。Ser-608でのpRbの過剰リン酸化は、pRb活性を阻害し、そして傷害を受けた成体イモリ(newt)心臓における再生の特徴であるため、本発明者らは、pRbser608が、細胞に基づく療法後に、哺乳動物心筋再生活性に関与するかどうかを試験した。しかし、イモリ生理学および再生系は非常に異なるため、哺乳動物心筋と同じ方式でpRbが働くかどうかに関して、成功は期待できなかった。例えば、ヒト幹細胞および疾患経路において、他の種における幹細胞および疾患経路と比較すると、Rbは非常に異なる方式で作動する。したがって、マウスまたはイモリにおいて、Rbが細胞周期および細胞運命決定を制御する機構に関するいかなる実験上の情報も、必ずしもこれらの機構がヒトで作動することを意味しない。さらに、ARFは、より低次の脊椎動物、例えば再生能を示すイモリおよびゼブラフィッシュ(zebrafish)において相同体を持たない。例えば、イモリは、切断後、肢を再生させることが可能である一方、このプロセスはヒトでは起こらない。したがって、再生は、多様なシグナル伝達経路を通じて、イモリおよび新生マウスで起こるが、この現象は、成体哺乳動物では明らかではない。したがって、pRbが心筋再生において役割を有するかどうかは確かではなかった。したがって、正常心筋において、心室心筋緻密壁にpRbSer608が存在しないか、そして健康なブタ心筋において、心外膜および心内膜に限定されているかどうかに関して試験を行った(図6)。虚血傷害後、心室心筋緻密壁において、その発現は実質的に増加し、ここで、pRbSer608は、成熟心筋細胞およびGata4+ CPC(Gata4を発現する未成熟細胞)の両方で同定されたが、心臓外細胞系譜の細胞では同定されなかった(図1A、1B)。
[0178]pRbser608が、内因性CPCにおける細胞周期または細胞運命決定に関与しているかどうかを決定するため、成体CPCを同定することが知られる、Wt1+、c-kit+およびGata4+を含むいくつかのマーカーを発現している細胞における相違を定量化した。4週時、4つの群間で、Wt1+、c-kit+またはGata4+ CPCにおける心筋存在量には相違はまったくなかった。さらに、有糸分裂マーカー、セリン-10リン酸化ヒストン-H3(HP3)との共局在は、これらのCPCのかなりの数が細胞分裂を経ていることを明らかにしたが、群間の複製CPCの相違もまた、異なる細胞療法によって影響を受けなかった(梗塞領域および境界領域において、それぞれp=0.08およびp=0.36)(図2)。したがって、胚性幹細胞由来CPCにおけるpRbの役割同様、これらの知見は、pRbSer608が、成体Gata4+ CPCにおいて、増殖活性よりも細胞系譜拘束を決定する証拠を提供する(図2)。
[0179]次に調べたのは、内因性心筋細胞におけるpRbSer608の役割であった。共焦点免疫蛍光は、hCSCまたはhMSCがいずれも、宿主心筋細胞におけるpRbSer608のレベルに単独では影響を及ぼさないことを示した(図1E、1F)。しかし、hMSCおよびhCSCを組み合わせて移植すると、pRbSer608+によって明らかであるように、pRbの大きな不活性化を生じた(梗塞領域および境界領域における心筋細胞の~60%)(図1E、1F)。pRbSer608発現は、成体イモリ心筋細胞において、増殖活性を与えるため、群間で、心筋細胞において、有糸分裂率を分析した。hCSCまたはhMSCを単独で移植すると、療法4週後、心筋細胞増殖率は増加しなかった(図3)。しかし、hMSCおよびhCSCを併せて移植すると、梗塞領域内のHP3+心筋細胞の数は、hMSC処置動物に比較して3倍増加し、そしてhCSCおよびプラセボ処置群と比較して10倍増加した(p<0.0001)(図3)。梗塞境界領域において、この増強の度合いはより大きかった:hMSCおよびhCSC療法単独に比較して、HP3+心筋細胞の数は6倍増加し、そしてプラセボに比較して、46倍増加した(p<0.0001)(図3)。さらに、形態計測分析によって、これらの新規形成心筋細胞の横断面面積は、プラセボ処置群の心筋細胞に比較して、有意により小さいことが示され(p<0.05)、これらが、宿主CPCs19の一過性増幅子孫である証拠を提供した(図7)。pRbSer608の存在量は、有糸分裂中の心筋細胞の数と有意に相関し(図8A)、hMSC/hCSC相互作用が、pRbSer608不活性化を、そして続いて心筋細胞細胞周期活性の制御を誘導するという結論をさらに支持した。
[0180]pRbSer608+心筋細胞に比較して、より少ない有糸分裂心筋細胞しかなく、これは、イモリに比較して、pRbSer608不活性化が大規模な細胞周期再進入を誘発するのに十分ではないことを示した。ARFが、成体pRbSer608心筋細胞の有糸分裂への進行を抑制する可能性に取り組みため、ARF心筋発現を分析した。ARFが、すべての群の、pRbSer608+心筋細胞を含む、大部分の心筋細胞で発現されることが見いだされた(図3、図9A~9H)。しかし、hMSCおよびhCSCの組み合わせで処置したブタにおいて、ARFは、pRbSer608+心筋細胞の~20%で有意に抑制された(図3)。さらに、G期から有糸分裂への進行には、ARFの一過性不活性化が必要であったが、hMSCおよびhCSCの組み合わせで処置した動物は、HP3+/pRbSer608+であるがARF陰性の表現型を持つ有糸分裂心筋細胞を含有し、損傷を受けたブタ心臓内で、増殖潜在能力が広がった成熟心筋細胞が再生している証拠を提供した(図3、図10)。
[0182]最後に、pRbSer608活性が、全臓器レベルで、心筋再生を反映するかどうかを決定するため、pRbSer608+心筋細胞およびCPCのレベルが、瘢痕サイズの心臓MRIに基づく変化と相関するという予測を試験した。実際、梗塞領域内のpRbSer608+ Gata4+ CPCのレベルは、細胞療法に反応した、心筋瘢痕サイズの減少と相関した(図4)。対照的に、pRbSer608+心筋細胞のレベルは、心筋瘢痕減少と相関しなかった(図4)。しかし、梗塞領域および境界領域内のpRbSer608+/ARF陰性筋細胞は、瘢痕サイズ減少%と相関した(図4)。したがって、これらの知見は、哺乳動物心筋細胞が、再生適格性に関する能力を有することを実証した。
[0183]網膜芽細胞腫は、細胞周期活性を制御する、成体哺乳動物組織および幹細胞ニッチにおいて広く発現される腫瘍抑制因子である(Walkley CRら Cell 2007 June 15;129(6):1081-95; Calo Eら Nature 2010 August 26;466(7310):1110-4; Burke JRら Genes Dev 2012 June 1;26(11):1156-66)。無脊椎動物および再生中の組織において、pRbは、単独で、そしてやはり細胞活性を抑制する平行経路、ARFと組み合わせて、不活性化されている(Conkrite K,ら J Clin Invest 2012 May 1;122(5):1726-33; Bettencourt-Dias Mら J Cell Sci 2003 October 1;116(Pt 19):4001-9; Pajcini KVら Cell Stem Cell 2010 August 6;7(2):198-213)。細胞療法に反応した心臓再生の成功には、内因性再生経路が伴うという認識が高まっていることを考慮して、適切な細胞での細胞療法が、宿主前駆体、一過性増幅性、および完全形成心筋細胞において、pRbおよびARFの組み合わされた不活性化を導くという仮説を試験した。総合すると、本明細書に提示するデータは、成体哺乳動物心臓組織におけるこの二重不活性化が重要な役割を果たしていることを支持する。実際、二重不活性化を伴う前駆体の存在は、幹細胞注射後の心筋回復の度合いを予測する。これらの効果は、間質細胞およびc-kit+前駆細胞の協調した作用によって仲介される。これらの知見は、成体哺乳動物において組織再生を支配する経路の解明のため、ならびに最適な細胞に基づく療法戦略の設計および実行のため、重要な暗示を有する。
[0185]in vitroモデルにおいて、心筋生成におけるRbの役割をさらに解明するため、ヒト胚性(hESC)および人工多能性(hIPSC)幹細胞を用いた。自発的に拍動するヒト心筋細胞へのそのin vitro分化を導くプロトコルを確立した。予備的な一連の実験において、遺伝子発現分析によって、心原性プログラムの誘導が、RbおよびARFの両方の発現の鋭い誘導と重複することが明らかになった(図11)。これらの知見は、哺乳動物において、心筋形成の機能の根底にはRb活性があり、そしてRbの心原活性は、サイクリン依存性キナーゼ阻害剤、ARFによって制御されている可能性があることを示す、仮説およびブタにおけるin vivo研究(実施例1に開示する)と完全に一致する。心臓形成におけるRbの役割に関するさらなる見識を得るため、テトラサイクリン誘導性GFP発現レンチウイルスベクター(pSLIK)を用いて、Rbに対するshRNAが安定して形質導入された、hESCのトランスジェニック株を得た。この系によって、ドキシサイクリンを培地に添加することによって、hESCにおいて条件的にRbをノックダウンし、そしてGFPの発現によって、影響を受けた細胞集団の運命を観察することが可能になった。予備的な結果によって、ドキシサイクリンの添加には、蛍光顕微鏡によって測定されるようなGFPの強い発現(図12A、B)、および対照と比較して、Rbの発現レベルの~50%の減少が伴うことが示された。
Claims (8)
- 心筋梗塞後の心筋瘢痕サイズを減少させるための療法組成物の調製における、心臓前駆細胞の使用であって、心臓前駆細胞はセリン608位においてリン酸化されたホスホ-Rbに関して陽性であり、ARFに関して陰性である、前記使用。
- 心臓前駆細胞が:
心臓細胞集団において、リン酸化網膜芽細胞腫タンパク質を含む細胞としてホスホ-Rb陽性心筋前駆細胞の集団を同定すること、および
同定したホスホ-Rb陽性心臓前駆細胞を単離すること
を含む方法により単離されている、請求項1の使用。 - 前記同定が、リン酸化Rbを検出する剤と、心臓細胞集団を接触させることを含む、請求項2の使用。
- 前記剤が過剰リン酸化Rbを検出する、請求項2の使用。
- 前記リン酸化Rbを検出する剤が抗体である、請求項3の使用。
- 前記抗体が、RbのSer608位でリン酸化されたRbに結合する、請求項5の使用。
- 前記剤または抗体が検出可能標識を含む、請求項3~6のいずれか一項の使用。
- 前記単離されたホスホ-Rb陽性心臓前駆細胞がGata4に関して陽性である(Gata4 + )、請求項1~7のいずれか1項の使用。
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| EP3063267A4 (en) | 2013-10-29 | 2017-10-18 | Vestion Inc. | Cardiac neural crest cells and methods of use thereof |
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| IT201700062176A1 (it) * | 2017-06-07 | 2018-12-07 | Univ Degli Studi Milano | Metodo per l’isolamento di sottopopolazioni di progenitori cellulari cardiaci e relativi usi in campo medico |
| EP4041192A4 (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2023-11-08 | Xylocor Therapeutics, Inc. | EPICARDIAL GENE THERAPY DELIVERY |
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| US6821740B2 (en) * | 1998-02-25 | 2004-11-23 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Flow cytometric methods for the concurrent detection of discrete functional conformations of PRB in single cells |
| DE69937888T2 (de) | 1998-07-31 | 2009-01-02 | Genzyme Corp., Cambridge | Verfahren zur Herstellung mesenchymaler Stammzellen |
| US8075881B2 (en) | 1999-08-05 | 2011-12-13 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Use of multipotent adult stem cells in treatment of myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure |
| US7547674B2 (en) | 2001-06-06 | 2009-06-16 | New York Medical College | Methods and compositions for the repair and/or regeneration of damaged myocardium |
| US6930222B2 (en) | 2000-08-22 | 2005-08-16 | The Scripps Research Institute | In vivo animal model of human leukemia |
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| WO2004110270A1 (en) | 2003-06-12 | 2004-12-23 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Directing cells to target tissues or organs |
| US7082573B2 (en) | 2003-07-30 | 2006-07-25 | America Online, Inc. | Method and system for managing digital assets |
| AU2004278634B2 (en) | 2003-10-03 | 2009-10-01 | Keiichi Fukuda | Method of inducing the differentiation of stem cells into cardiomyocytes |
| DE602004024125D1 (de) | 2003-12-25 | 2009-12-24 | Kanazawa University Technology | Induktion einer myokardzelle unter verwendung einer säuger-knochenmarkzelle oder aus nabelschnurblut stammenden zelle und fettgewebe |
| WO2006039630A2 (en) * | 2004-10-02 | 2006-04-13 | Indiana University Research & Technology Corporation | Materials and methods for identifying compounds that modulate the cell cycle |
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| WO2008058216A2 (en) | 2006-11-07 | 2008-05-15 | Keck Graduate Institute | Enriched stem cell and progenitor cell populations, and methods of producing and using such populations |
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| US9746457B2 (en) | 2017-08-29 |
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| EP2925863B1 (en) | 2020-07-15 |
| EP2925863A2 (en) | 2015-10-07 |
| WO2014093051A3 (en) | 2014-08-21 |
| US20200166498A1 (en) | 2020-05-28 |
| US10481147B2 (en) | 2019-11-19 |
| US20180180592A1 (en) | 2018-06-28 |
| JP2016504021A (ja) | 2016-02-12 |
| JP2020096595A (ja) | 2020-06-25 |
| US20150316535A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
| EP2925863A4 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
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