JP7081925B2 - ナノ構造化層の製造方法 - Google Patents
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Description
ナノ構造化材料のための本発明による製造方法はその非常に幅広い適用可能性において、マグネトロンスパッタリング法を用い、少なくとも1種のコーティング材料で支持体(基板)をコーティングする。
- グラファイト
- 無定形炭素(例えばハードカーボン、ソフトカーボン)
- リチウム貯蔵金属、リチウム貯蔵半金属、およびリチウム貯蔵合金(半導体を含む)(例えば、ナノ結晶ケイ素またはアモルファスケイ素およびケイ素-炭素複合体、Sn、Al、Sb)
- Li4Ti5O12、またはこれらの材料と、さらなる活性材料またはLiイオン伝導体もしくは電子伝導体との混合物
- LiMxO2型(式中、M=Co、Ni、Mn、Al)のリチウム金属酸化物
(例えば、LiCoO2、LiMnO2、LiNiO2、LiNi1-xCoxO2、LiNi0.85Co0.1Al0.05O2、Li1+x(NiyCo1-2yMny)1-xO2(式中、とりわけ0≦x≦0.17および0≦y≦0.5))
- スピネル型LiMn2O4および別のイオンで部分置換されたもの
- 場合によっては炭素も添加されたLiMPO4型(式中、M=Fe、Mn、Co、V)のリチウム金属リン酸塩(例えば、LiFePO4、LiMnPO4、LiCoPO4、LiVPO4)および別のイオンで部分置換されたもの、ならびに
- 変換材料、例えばフッ化鉄(III)(FeF3)、または
- V2O5
プロセス圧力範囲: 1・10-3mbar~5・10-2mbar
プロセス電力: 0.5~4W/cm2、とりわけ1.0~3W/cm2
プロセスガス: とりわけアルゴン、しかしさらにアルゴン/酸素、アルゴン/窒素、アルゴン/水素、またはアルゴン/炭化水素
ガス流量: 5~140sccm、とりわけ10~50sccm
堆積率: 0.05~10mg・h/cm2、とりわけ0.2~0.5mg h/cm2
層厚範囲: 50nm~100μm
基板の温度範囲: 400℃、好ましくは500℃~1200℃
ターゲットの炭素含有率: 0.1~25重量%、とりわけ2~7重量%
P=(1-ρ層/ρ理論密度)×100
本発明の基礎になっている方法により、リチウムイオン電池内のカソード材料として使用可能なナノ構造化リン酸鉄リチウム(LiFePO4)電極を、付加的な炭素を用いて製造することができる。出発材料として、追加的にグラファイト炭素7重量%を含有するLiFePO4ターゲットを使用した。ターゲットの直径は250mmであり、基板に対する間隔は55mmである。ナノ構造化電極を製造するため、600Wのプロセス電力を印加した。これは1.2W/cm2の電力密度に相当する。プロセスガスとしてアルゴンを用いた。ガラス流量は20sccm、プロセス圧力は5×10-3mbarであった。基板温度は600℃に調整した。これらの条件下で、0.3mg/(cm2・h)の堆積率が達成される。
なお、本願は、特許請求の範囲に記載の発明に関するものであるが、他の態様として以下も包含し得る。
1.活性材料を導電性基板上に施す、電気化学セル用ナノ構造化電極の製造方法において、 - 活性材料がマグネトロンスパッタリングを用いた1つのプロセスステップにおいて導電性基板上に堆積されること、
- 電極材料と0.1~25重量%の間の追加的な割合の炭素とを含むセラミックターゲットが用いられること、
- その際、堆積中の基板が400℃~1200℃の間の温度に保たれ、
- これにより繊維状で多孔質の網状組織が形成されること
を特徴とする、方法。
2.活性材料として、LiFePO 4 、Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 、LiM x O 2 型(式中、M=Co、Ni、Mn、Al)のリチウム金属酸化物、スピネル型LiMn 2 O 4 および部分置換されたもの、LiMPO 4 型(式中、Fe、Mn、Co、V)のリチウム金属リン酸塩および部分置換されたもの、V 2 O 5 、または変換材料、例えばFeF 3 が用いられる、上記1に記載の方法。
3.ターゲット中の炭素の追加的な割合が、0.1~25重量%の間、とりわけ2~7重量%の間である、上記1または2に記載の方法。
4.動作ガスとして、アルゴン、アルゴン/酸素、アルゴン/窒素、アルゴン/水素、またはアルゴン/炭化水素が用いられる、上記1~3のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
5.プロセスチャンバー内で、0.5~2W/cm 2 の電力密度、とりわけ1.0~1.5W/cm 2 の電力密度が調整された、上記1~4のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
6.プロセスチャンバー内で、5~50sccmのガス流量、とりわけ10~25sccmのガス流量が調整された、上記1~5のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
7.プロセスチャンバー内で、0.1~1mg・h/cm 2 の堆積率、とりわけ0.2~0.5mg・h/cm 2 の堆積率が調整された、上記1~6のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
8.10分~10時間の間、とりわけ1~5時間の間の堆積時間が行われた、上記1~7のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
9.導電性基板上の活性材料から成るコーティングを含む、電気化学セル用ナノ構造化電極において、
ナノ構造化活性材料が、基板表面に対して垂直な優先方向をもたない多孔質の構造を有することを特徴とする、ナノ構造化電極。
10.ナノ構造化活性材料が、繊維状の構造を有し、繊維の直径が、10~500nmの範囲内、とりわけ10~200nmの間の範囲内である、上記9に記載のナノ構造化電極。
11.活性材料LiFePO 4 、Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 、LiM x O 2 型(式中、M=Co、Ni、Mn、Al)のリチウム金属酸化物、スピネル型LiMn 2 O 4 および部分置換されたもの、LiMPO 4 型(式中、Fe、Mn、Co、V)のリチウム金属リン酸塩および部分置換されたもの、V 2 O 5 、または変換材料、例えばFeF 3 を活性材料として含む、上記9または10に記載のナノ構造化電極。
12.活性材料が20~90%の間の多孔度を有する、上記9~11のいずれか一つに記載のナノ構造化電極。
13.上記1~8のいずれか一つに記載の方法に基づいて製造された、上記9~12のいずれか一つに記載のナノ構造化電極。
Claims (8)
- - 電極材料と0.1~25重量%の間の追加的な割合の炭素とを含むセラミックターゲットを用いたマグネトロンスパッタリングにより、活性材料が導電性基板上に施され、かつ
- 上記活性材料が1つのプロセスステップである上記マグネトロンスパッタリングによって上記導電性基板上に堆積される、電気化学セル用ナノ構造化電極の製造方法において、
- 堆積中の基板が400℃~1200℃の間の温度に保たれること、および堆積中に繊維状で多孔質の網状組織が形成されること、
を特徴とする、方法。 - 活性材料として、LiFePO4、Li4Ti5O12、LiMxO2型(式中、M=Co、Ni、Mn、Al)のリチウム金属酸化物、スピネル型LiMn2O4および部分置換されたもの、LiMPO4型(式中、M=Fe、Mn、Co、V)のリチウム金属リン酸塩および部分置換されたもの、V2O5、またはFeF3が用いられる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ターゲット中の炭素の追加的な割合が2~7重量%の間である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 動作ガスとして、アルゴン、アルゴン/酸素、アルゴン/窒素、アルゴン/水素、またはアルゴン/炭化水素が用いられる、請求項1~3のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- プロセスチャンバー内で、0.5~2W/cm2の電力密度、とりわけ1.0~1.5W/cm2の電力密度が調整される、請求項1~4のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- プロセスチャンバー内で、5~50sccmのガス流量、とりわけ10~25sccmのガス流量が調整される、請求項1~5のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- プロセスチャンバー内で、0.1~1mg・h/cm2の堆積率、とりわけ0.2~0.5mg・h/cm2の堆積率が調整される、請求項1~6のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 10分~10時間の間、とりわけ1~5時間の間の堆積時間が調整される、請求項1~7のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015007291.9A DE102015007291A1 (de) | 2015-06-10 | 2015-06-10 | Verfahren zur Herstellung nanostrukturierter Schichten |
| DE102015007291.9 | 2015-06-10 | ||
| PCT/DE2016/000176 WO2016198033A1 (de) | 2015-06-10 | 2016-04-27 | Verfahren zur herstellung nanostrukturierter schichten |
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| JP2018527693A JP2018527693A (ja) | 2018-09-20 |
| JP7081925B2 true JP7081925B2 (ja) | 2022-06-07 |
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| US (1) | US11111576B2 (ja) |
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| WO2018005365A1 (en) | 2016-06-27 | 2018-01-04 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Softening nerve cuff electrodes |
| CN108281613A (zh) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-07-13 | 成都亦道科技合伙企业(有限合伙) | 一种制备锂电池正极薄膜的方法及装置 |
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| CN117352854B (zh) * | 2023-10-31 | 2025-06-06 | 深圳先进储能材料国家工程研究中心有限公司 | 一种全固态锂电池及其制备方法 |
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| KR101042864B1 (ko) * | 2006-07-27 | 2011-06-20 | 제이엑스 닛코 닛세키 킨조쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 리튬 함유 전이금속 산화물 타겟 및 그 제조 방법 그리고 리튬 이온 박막 2차 전지 |
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| CN108064422B (zh) | 2021-04-06 |
| DE102015007291A1 (de) | 2016-12-15 |
| EP3308417A1 (de) | 2018-04-18 |
| US11111576B2 (en) | 2021-09-07 |
| HUE045491T2 (hu) | 2019-12-30 |
| KR20180017033A (ko) | 2018-02-20 |
| EP3308417B1 (de) | 2019-07-03 |
| HRP20191703T1 (hr) | 2019-12-13 |
| DK3308417T3 (da) | 2019-10-07 |
| ES2747773T3 (es) | 2020-03-11 |
| JP2018527693A (ja) | 2018-09-20 |
| US20180163293A1 (en) | 2018-06-14 |
| PL3308417T3 (pl) | 2019-12-31 |
| PT3308417T (pt) | 2019-09-30 |
| WO2016198033A1 (de) | 2016-12-15 |
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