JP7103604B2 - コアシェル触媒および酸素還元方法 - Google Patents
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- H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
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Description
触媒活性の評価の前提として、まず、燃料電池のカソード反応である酸素還元反応について説明する。
(2.1.酸素原子の吸着)
まず、酸素還元反応の第1段階である酸素分子の吸着を考える前に、酸素原子が触媒表面に吸着する場合について考える。
次に、酸素分子が触媒表面に吸着する場合を考える。表面にFCC構造の(111)面を有する触媒では、酸素分子が触媒表面に吸着する場合に、吸着サイトとして、Topサイト、Bサイト、NTサイトが考えられる。NTサイトとは、Near Topサイトを意味しており、Topサイトの近傍に存在する吸着サイトである。ここで、例えば、酸素分子がTopサイトに吸着している状態とは、酸素分子の重心がTopサイトに位置する状態であることを意味しており、すなわち、二つの酸素原子のそれぞれの重心の中点がTopサイトに位置する状態であるという事である。
PtMLAg、およびPtMLPdの(111)面において、酸素分子の触媒表面への分子状吸着は、触媒表面から少し離れた位置にて緩やかに吸着する状態であること、また、酸素分子が、活性化障壁を超えて酸素原子に解離して触媒表面に吸着した状態が安定であることが分かった。そのため、以下では、酸素還元反応の反応経路の1つである解離吸着の経路において、解離吸着の次段階の反応であるOHの形成について検討を行う。
PtMLAg、およびPtMLPdの(111)面において、活性化障壁無しで解離吸着した2個の酸素原子から2個のOHが形成されることが分かった。次に、酸素還元反応の反応経路の1つである解離吸着の経路において、OHの形成の次段階の反応であるH2Oの形成について検討を行う。H2Oの形成では、触媒表面のOHと、プロトンとが反応し、H2Oが生成する(OH*+H++e-→H2O)。ここでは、ヒドロニウムイオンから、触媒表面のOHに対してプロトンが受け渡され、H2Oが形成されるものとし(OH*+H3O+→H2O*+H2O)、シミュレーションを行った。
ここで、従来、下記(i)および(ii)の知見が知られている。
上記したことと同様のシミュレーションを、FCC構造における(001)面について行った結果を以下に示す。
このように、本発明の一実施形態におけるコアシェル触媒は、酸素還元反応のうち解離吸着の反応経路が支配的であり、酸素分子の解離吸着工程に活性化障壁が存在するが、その後の工程では活性障壁が存在しないことがわかった。そのため、酸素分子の解離吸着工程が律速段階となっている。
Claims (4)
- 銀をコアに含み、シェル層が白金からなる、酸素還元反応に用いるコアシェル触媒であって、
上記コアと上記シェル層との界面における上記コアの最外層の銀原子が面心立方格子の(111)面を形成しており、
上記コアシェル触媒の表面における白金の状態密度について、密度汎関数理論に基づいた第1原理計算を用いてシミュレーションを行った場合に、5d軌道のうちdxz軌道のピーク位置が、フェルミ準位を0eVとして-1eVから0eVの間に存在する結果となるように、
上記銀原子により形成された(111)面の表面に積層して、上記シェル層を構成する複数の白金原子によって面心立方格子の(111)面が形成されているとともに、
上記シェル層において、最近接白金原子間の距離が2.81Å~2.95Åであることを特徴とするコアシェル触媒。 - 銀をコアに含み、白金をシェル層に含む酸素還元反応に用いるコアシェル触媒であって、
上記コアと上記シェル層との界面における上記コアの最外層の銀原子が面心立方格子の(001)面を形成しており、
上記銀原子により形成された(001)面の表面に積層して、上記シェル層を構成する複数の白金原子によって面心立方格子の(001)面が形成されているとともに、
上記シェル層において、最近接白金原子間の距離が2.81Å~2.95Åであることを特徴とするコアシェル触媒。 - 上記シェル層は1~3原子層であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のコアシェル触媒。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のコアシェル触媒を用いる酸素還元方法であって、
上記(111)面または(001)面に、酸素分子が酸素原子に解離して吸着する工程と、
上記(111)面または(001)面に吸着した酸素原子と、プロトンとを反応させ、水分子を形成する工程と、
上記(111)面または(001)面から水分子を脱離する工程とを含むことを特徴とする酸素還元方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017005449 | 2017-01-16 | ||
| JP2017005449 | 2017-01-16 | ||
| PCT/JP2017/030982 WO2018131206A1 (ja) | 2017-01-16 | 2017-08-29 | コアシェル触媒および酸素還元方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2018131206A1 JPWO2018131206A1 (ja) | 2019-11-07 |
| JP7103604B2 true JP7103604B2 (ja) | 2022-07-20 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| JP2018561798A Active JP7103604B2 (ja) | 2017-01-16 | 2017-08-29 | コアシェル触媒および酸素還元方法 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20200122123A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP7103604B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR102256751B1 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI660777B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2018131206A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114068966B (zh) | 2020-07-31 | 2024-01-09 | 广州市香港科大霍英东研究院 | 一种核壳催化剂后处理方法和系统 |
| JP7063376B1 (ja) | 2020-12-22 | 2022-05-09 | 田中貴金属工業株式会社 | 酸素還元反応用のコアシェル触媒及び触媒の設計方法 |
| CN113270601B (zh) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-04-01 | 燕山大学 | 双元素Pt/PdPt/Pt夹层管壁多孔纳米管的制备方法及多孔纳米管 |
| CN114914459B (zh) * | 2022-06-20 | 2023-03-14 | 燕山大学 | 一种筛选锰基单原子催化剂催化活性的阴离子表面修饰方法 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012041581A (ja) | 2010-08-17 | 2012-03-01 | Sony Corp | コアシェル型微粒子及びこれを用いた機能デバイス |
| JP2015534244A (ja) | 2012-10-22 | 2015-11-26 | アウディ アクチェンゲゼルシャフトAudi Ag | 非白金コアを有する白金合金ナノ触媒 |
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| BRPI0716116A2 (pt) * | 2006-08-30 | 2013-10-01 | Umicore Ag & Co Kg | partÍculas catalÍticas tipo nécleo/casca e mÉtodos para sua preparaÇço |
| JP2010092799A (ja) * | 2008-10-10 | 2010-04-22 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒 |
| KR20140026500A (ko) * | 2011-04-18 | 2014-03-05 | 유나이티드 테크놀로지스 코포레이션 | 형상 제어 코어-외피 촉매 |
| JP2013163137A (ja) | 2012-02-09 | 2013-08-22 | Sony Corp | コア・シェル型触媒、電極及び燃料電池 |
| JP6116000B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-18 | 2017-04-19 | 学校法人同志社 | 白金コアシェル触媒の製造方法及びそれを用いた燃料電池 |
| JP6020506B2 (ja) | 2014-04-11 | 2016-11-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 触媒微粒子及びカーボン担持触媒の各製造方法 |
| JP2016108635A (ja) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-06-20 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 貴金属含有ナノ粒子及びその製造方法 |
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- 2017-08-29 JP JP2018561798A patent/JP7103604B2/ja active Active
- 2017-08-29 TW TW106129316A patent/TWI660777B/zh active
- 2017-08-29 KR KR1020197023868A patent/KR102256751B1/ko active Active
- 2017-08-29 US US16/477,815 patent/US20200122123A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-08-29 WO PCT/JP2017/030982 patent/WO2018131206A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012041581A (ja) | 2010-08-17 | 2012-03-01 | Sony Corp | コアシェル型微粒子及びこれを用いた機能デバイス |
| JP2015534244A (ja) | 2012-10-22 | 2015-11-26 | アウディ アクチェンゲゼルシャフトAudi Ag | 非白金コアを有する白金合金ナノ触媒 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JPWO2018131206A1 (ja) | 2019-11-07 |
| US20200122123A1 (en) | 2020-04-23 |
| TWI660777B (zh) | 2019-06-01 |
| WO2018131206A1 (ja) | 2018-07-19 |
| KR20190103392A (ko) | 2019-09-04 |
| KR102256751B1 (ko) | 2021-05-25 |
| TW201829059A (zh) | 2018-08-16 |
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