JP7227178B2 - ハニカムフィルタ - Google Patents
ハニカムフィルタ Download PDFInfo
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- JP7227178B2 JP7227178B2 JP2020034884A JP2020034884A JP7227178B2 JP 7227178 B2 JP7227178 B2 JP 7227178B2 JP 2020034884 A JP2020034884 A JP 2020034884A JP 2020034884 A JP2020034884 A JP 2020034884A JP 7227178 B2 JP7227178 B2 JP 7227178B2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
- F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
- B01D46/2425—Honeycomb filters characterized by parameters related to the physical properties of the honeycomb structure material
- B01D46/2429—Honeycomb filters characterized by parameters related to the physical properties of the honeycomb structure material of the honeycomb walls or cells
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
- B01D46/2451—Honeycomb filters characterized by the geometrical structure, shape, pattern or configuration or parameters related to the geometry of the structure
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
- C04B35/18—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
- C04B35/195—Alkaline earth aluminosilicates, e.g. cordierite or anorthite
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- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/0006—Honeycomb structures
- C04B38/0009—Honeycomb structures characterised by features relating to the cell walls, e.g. wall thickness or distribution of pores in the walls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2825—Ceramics
- F01N3/2828—Ceramic multi-channel monoliths, e.g. honeycombs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/62—Honeycomb-like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/92—Dimensions
- B01D2255/9205—Porosity
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- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00793—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filters or diaphragms
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- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/0081—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as catalysts or catalyst carriers
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3436—Alkaline earth metal silicates, e.g. barium silicate
- C04B2235/3445—Magnesium silicates, e.g. forsterite
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/349—Clays, e.g. bentonites, smectites such as montmorillonite, vermiculites or kaolines, e.g. illite, talc or sepiolite
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Description
それぞれの前記セルの前記第一端面側又は前記第二端面側の開口部に配設された目封止部と、を備え、
前記隔壁が、コージェライトを主成分として含む材料から構成され、
前記隔壁の表面に存在する円相当径3.0μm超の細孔の単位面積当たりの個数が、1000~3000個/mm 2 である、ハニカムフィルタ。
図1~図3に示すように、本発明のハニカムフィルタの第一実施形態は、ハニカム構造部4と、目封止部5と、を備えた、ハニカムフィルタ100である。ハニカム構造部4は、第一端面11から第二端面12まで延びる流体の流路となる複数のセル2を取り囲むように配置された多孔質の隔壁1を有する柱状のものである。ハニカムフィルタ100において、ハニカム構造部4は、柱状を呈し、その外周側面に、外周壁3を更に有している。即ち、外周壁3は、格子状に配設された隔壁1を囲繞するように配設されている。目封止部5は、それぞれのセル2の第一端面11側又は第二端面12側の開口部に配設されている。
本実施形態のハニカムフィルタの製造方法については、特に制限はなく、例えば、以下のような、坏土調製工程と、成形工程と、焼成工程と、を備えた製造方法を挙げることができる。
坏土調製工程では、まず、坏土の原料となる、コージェライト化原料、有機造孔材及び分散媒を用意する。ここで、「コージェライト化原料」とは、シリカが42~56質量%、アルミナが30~45質量%、マグネシアが12~16質量%の範囲に入る化学組成となるように配合されたセラミック原料であって、焼成されてコージェライトになるものである。
式(2):|log10D(a)50-log10D(b)50|≦0.50
成形工程では、坏土調製工程にて得られた坏土をハニカム形状に成形してハニカム成形体を作製する。坏土をハニカム形状に成形する成形方法については特に制限はないが、押出成形、射出成形、プレス成形等の従来公知の成形方法を挙げることができる。中でも、上述のように調製した坏土を、所望のセル形状、隔壁厚さ、セル密度に対応した口金を用いて押出成形する方法を好適例として挙げることができる。
焼成工程は、成形工程によって得られたハニカム成形体を焼成してハニカムフィルタを得る工程である。ハニカム成形体を焼成する際の焼成雰囲気の温度は、例えば、1300~1450℃が好ましく、1400~1450℃が更に好ましい。また、焼成時間は、最高温度でのキープ時間として2~8時間程度とすることが好ましい。
コージェライト化原料として、タルク、カオリン、アルミナ、水酸化アルミニウム、及び多孔質シリカを用意した。そして、各原料の累積粒度分布を、HORIBA社製のレーザ回折/散乱式粒子径分布測定装置(商品名:LA-960)を用いて測定した。実施例1においては、各原料の配合比率(質量部)が表1に示す値となるように、各原料を配合してコージェライト化原料を調製した。表1において、「粒度D50(μm)」の横方向の行は、各原料の50体積%の粒子径(即ち、メジアン径)を示している。多孔質シリカは、JIS-R1626に準拠して測定されたBET比表面積が、200~400m2/gのものを用いた。
まず、各実施例及び比較例のハニカムフィルタを排ガス浄化用フィルタとした排ガス浄化装置を作製した。次に、作製した排ガス浄化装置を、1.2L直噴ガソリンエンジン車両のエンジン排気マニホルドの出口側に接続して、排ガス浄化装置の流出口から排出されるガスに含まれる煤の個数を、PN測定方法によって測定した。走行モードに関しては、RDE走行のワーストを模擬した走行モード(RTS95)を実施した。モード走行後に排出された煤の個数の累計を、判定対象となる排ガス浄化装置の煤の個数とし、その煤の個数から捕集効率(%)を算出した。算出した捕集効率(%)の値に基づいて、以下の評価基準にて評価を行った。
[評価基準]
評価「優」:捕集効率が90%以上、100%以下。
評価「良」:捕集効率が85%以上、90%未満。
評価「可」:捕集効率が80%以上、85%未満。
評価「不可」:捕集効率が80%未満。
大型風洞試験機を用いて、ハニカムフィルタの圧力損失(kPa)を測定した。圧力損失の測定条件は、ガス温度を25℃とし、ガス流量を10Nm3/分とした。圧力損失の評価においては、圧力損失が8.2kPa以下の場合を「合格」とし、圧力損失が8.2kPaを超える場合を「不合格」とした。
評価「優」:圧力損失の評価結果が「合格」で、捕集効率の評価結果が「優」。
評価「良」:圧力損失の評価結果が「合格」で、捕集効率の評価結果が「良」。
評価「可」:圧力損失の評価結果が「合格」で、捕集効率の評価結果が「可」。
評価「不可」:圧力損失の評価結果が「不合格」又は捕集効率の評価結果が「不可」。
実施例2~3においては、コージェライト化原料に用いる各原料の配合比率(質量部)
を表1に示すように変更した。また、有機造孔材及びその他原料の配合比率(質量部)についても表2に示すように変更した。このような原料を用いて坏土を調製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法でハニカムフィルタを作製した。以下、実施例3の記載を、参考例3と読み替える。
比較例1~3においては、コージェライト化原料に用いる各原料の配合比率(質量部)を表1に示すように変更した。また、有機造孔材及びその他原料の配合比率(質量部)についても表2に示すように変更した。このような原料を用いて坏土を調製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法でハニカムフィルタを作製した。
実施例1~3のハニカムフィルタは、捕集効率の評価結果が、「優」又は「良」のいずれかであり、圧力損失の評価結果についても全て「合格」であった。一方で、比較例1~3のハニカムフィルタは、実施例1~3のハニカムフィルタに比して、捕集効率の評価結果が劣るものであった。
Claims (5)
- 第一端面から第二端面まで延びる流体の流路となる複数のセルを取り囲むように配置された多孔質の隔壁を有する柱状のハニカム構造部と、
それぞれの前記セルの前記第一端面側又は前記第二端面側の開口部に配設された目封止部と、を備え、
前記隔壁が、コージェライトを主成分として含む材料から構成され、
前記隔壁の表面に存在する円相当径3.0μm超の細孔の単位面積当たりの個数が、1000~3000個/mm 2 である、ハニカムフィルタ。 - 前記隔壁の表面に存在する円相当径3.0μm超の細孔の開気孔率が、25%以上である、請求項1に記載のハニカムフィルタ。
- 前記隔壁の気孔率が、60~70%である、請求項1又は2に記載のハニカムフィルタ。
- 前記隔壁の平均細孔径が、10~20μmである、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のハニカムフィルタ。
- 前記隔壁の厚さが、152~305μmである、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のハニカムフィルタ。
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| JP2004360654A (ja) | 2003-06-06 | 2004-12-24 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | セラミックハニカムフィルタ |
| WO2011102487A1 (ja) | 2010-02-22 | 2011-08-25 | 日立金属株式会社 | セラミックハニカム構造体及びその製造方法 |
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| JP4394329B2 (ja) | 2001-03-01 | 2010-01-06 | 日本碍子株式会社 | セラミックス構造体の製造方法 |
| JP4266103B2 (ja) | 2001-12-07 | 2009-05-20 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 多孔質セラミック体の製造方法 |
| JP2007296512A (ja) | 2006-04-05 | 2007-11-15 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | ハニカムフィルタ |
| JP5082342B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-31 | 2012-11-28 | 株式会社デンソー | 排ガス浄化フィルタ及びその製造方法 |
| WO2011027837A1 (ja) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-10 | 日立金属株式会社 | セラミックハニカム構造体及びその製造方法 |
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| WO2011102487A1 (ja) | 2010-02-22 | 2011-08-25 | 日立金属株式会社 | セラミックハニカム構造体及びその製造方法 |
| US20120317947A1 (en) | 2010-02-22 | 2012-12-20 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Ceramic honeycomb structure and its production method |
| JP2017171553A (ja) | 2016-03-25 | 2017-09-28 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ハニカム構造体 |
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