JP7262425B2 - 通電焼結方法及び通電焼結装置 - Google Patents
通電焼結方法及び通電焼結装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
実施形態1に係る通電焼結方法及び通電焼結装置を説明する前に、まず、比較例1及び比較例2に係る焼結方法を説明する。そして、比較例1及び比較例2の焼結方法と対比させて、本実施形態の通電焼結方法を説明する。これにより、本実施形態の通電焼結方法の特徴をより明確にする。その後、本実施形態の通電焼結装置を説明する。
比較例1に係る焼結方法として、粉末冶金法を説明する。粉末冶金法は、粉末をプレス機で押し固めて形成させた圧粉体を、高温で加熱することで焼結させ、高強度の素材や部品を製造する方法である。図1は、比較例1に係る粉末冶金法を例示した工程図である。図1に示すように、粉末冶金法は、粉末充填ステップ、加圧成形ステップ、離型ステップ、加熱焼結ステップ、排出ステップを備えている。用いる粉末10が複数の種類を含む場合には、粉末充填ステップの前に、粉末混合ステップを有してもよい。
比較例2に係る焼結方法として、SPS法を説明する。SPS法は、カーボン型に粉末10を充填し、加圧しながら通電することで、短時間に焼結を行う。図2は、比較例2に係るSPS法を例示した工程図である。図2に示すように、SPS法は、粉末充填ステップ、加圧通電焼結ステップ、離型排出ステップを備えている。なお、SPS法も、比較例1の粉末冶金法と同様に、用いる粉末10が複数の種類の材料を含む場合には、粉末充填ステップの前に、粉末混合ステップを有してもよい。
次に、本実施形態に係る通電焼結方法を説明する。本実施形態の通電焼結方法は、金型に粉末充填後、低温かつ高圧で加圧することで、高密度の圧粉体を形成する。そして、形成した圧粉体を離型・通電して焼結体を形成する。図3は、実施形態1に係る通電焼結方法を例示した工程図である。図4は、実施形態1に係る通電焼結方法を例示したフローチャート図である。図3及び図4に示すように、実施形態1に係る通電焼結方法は、粉末充填ステップ、加圧成形ステップ、離型ステップ、通電焼結ステップ、排出ステップを備えている。なお、本実施形態の通電焼結法も、用いる粉末10が複数の種類の材料を含む場合には、粉末充填ステップの前に、粉末混合ステップを有してもよい。
次に、本実施形態の通電焼結装置を説明する。図5は、実施形態1に係る通電焼結装置を例示した構成図である。図6は、実施形態1の別の例に係る通電焼結装置を例示した構成図である。図5及び図6に示すように、通電焼結装置1及び1aは、金型11、上パンチ13、下パンチ12、加圧成形手段18、離型手段19、通電焼結手段20を備えている。また、通電焼結装置1は、チャンバー21及び粉末充填手段22を備えてもよいし、図示しない圧力計、温度計、電流計を有してもよい。さらに、図6に示すように、通電焼結装置1aは、自動化による焼結体17の形成のために、制御手段23を備えてもよい。
次に、実施形態2に係る通電焼結装置2を説明する。本実施形態の通電焼結装置は、加圧成形を行う部分と、通電焼結を行う部分と、を分けている。これにより、加圧成形及び通電焼結を並行して行うことができる。
10 粉末
11 金型
12 下パンチ
13 上パンチ
15、15a、15b 圧粉体
17 焼結体
18 加圧成形手段
19 離型手段
20 通電焼結手段
21 チャンバー
22 粉末充填手段
23 制御手段
24、25電極
26、27 端子
31 粉末充填部
32 加圧成形部
33 通電焼結部
34 排出部
35 搬送手段
103 SPS装置
111 金型
112 下パンチ
113 上パンチ
115 圧粉体
116 焼結炉
117 焼結体
212 下パンチ
213 上パンチ
214 カーボン型
217 焼結体
310 型セット
322 粉末充填手段
331 粉末充填部
332 予熱部
333 通電焼結部
334 冷却部
Claims (20)
- 金型に充填させた粉末を加圧することにより、圧粉体を成形する加圧成形ステップと、
前記金型から前記圧粉体を離型させる離型ステップと、
前記金型から離型させた前記圧粉体に通電することにより、焼結体を形成する通電焼結ステップと、
を備えた通電焼結方法。 - 前記加圧成形ステップにおいて、
金属を含む材料から構成され、一方及び他方が開口した筒状の前記金型を用い、
前記一方の開口部に挿入した第1パンチ及び前記他方の開口部に挿入した第2パンチにより、前記粉末を加圧する、
請求項1に記載の通電焼結方法。 - 前記離型ステップにおいて、
前記第1パンチで前記圧粉体を前記金型から押し出すことにより、前記圧粉体を前記金型から離型させ、
前記通電焼結ステップにおいて、
前記第1パンチ及び前記第2パンチを介して、前記圧粉体に通電する、
請求項2に記載の通電焼結方法。 - 前記離型ステップにおいて、
前記圧粉体を前記金型、前記第1パンチ及び前記第2パンチから外すことにより、前記圧粉体を前記金型から離型させ、
前記通電焼結ステップにおいて、
第1端子及び第2端子を介して、前記圧粉体に通電する、
請求項2に記載の通電焼結方法。 - 前記通電焼結ステップにおいて、
前記圧粉体における前記粉末の各粒子は、各粒子間から発生する熱、各粒子の内部から発生する熱、及び、粒子の外部から伝熱により伝わる熱の少なくともいずれかにより焼結若しくは拡散接合される、
請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の通電焼結方法。 - 前記加圧成形ステップにおいて、第1圧粉体を成形する際に、並行して、
前記通電焼結ステップにおいて、前記第1圧粉体と異なる第2圧粉体に通電することにより、前記焼結体を形成する、
請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の通電焼結方法。 - 前記加圧成形ステップにおいて、
前記粉末の温度は、500[℃]未満であり、
前記粉末を加圧する圧力は、100~700[MPa]であり、
前記通電焼結ステップにおいて、
前記圧粉体の温度は、500[℃]以上であり、
前記圧粉体を加圧する圧力は、不可避な圧力以外において0[MPa]である、
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の通電焼結方法。 - 前記加圧成形ステップにおいて、
前記粉末の充填密度を、60[%]未満から60[%]以上に変化させ、
前記通電焼結ステップにおいて、
前記粉末の前記充填密度を、60[%]以上に保つ、
請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の通電焼結方法。 - 金型に充填させた粉末を加圧することにより、圧粉体を成形する加圧成形手段と、
前記金型から前記圧粉体を離型させる離型手段と、
前記金型から離型させた前記圧粉体に通電することにより、焼結体を形成する通電焼結手段と、
を備えた通電焼結装置。 - 前記金型は、金属を含む材料から構成され、一方及び他方が開口した筒状であり、
前記加圧成形手段は、前記一方の開口部に挿入した第1パンチ及び前記他方の開口部に挿入した第2パンチにより、前記粉末を加圧する、
請求項9に記載の通電焼結装置。 - 前記離型手段は、前記第1パンチで前記圧粉体を前記金型から押し出すことにより、前記圧粉体を前記金型から離型させ、
前記通電焼結手段は、前記第1パンチ及び前記第2パンチを介して、前記圧粉体に通電する、
請求項10に記載の通電焼結装置。 - 前記離型手段は、前記圧粉体を前記金型、前記第1パンチ及び前記第2パンチから外すことにより、前記圧粉体を前記金型から離型させ、
前記通電焼結手段は、第1端子及び第2端子を介して、前記圧粉体に通電する、
請求項10に記載の通電焼結装置。 - 金型に充填させた粉末を加圧することにより、圧粉体を成形する加圧成形手段と、
前記金型から前記圧粉体を離型させる離型手段と、
前記金型から離型させた前記圧粉体に通電することにより、焼結体を形成する通電焼結手段と、
前記加圧成形手段及び前記離型手段を含む加圧成形部と、
前記加圧成形部に並んで配置され、前記通電焼結手段を含む通電焼結部と、
前記加圧成形部から前記通電焼結部に前記圧粉体を搬送させる搬送手段と、
を備えた通電焼結装置。 - 前記金型は、金属を含む材料から構成され、一方及び他方が開口した筒状であり、
前記加圧成形手段は、前記一方の開口部に挿入した第1パンチ及び前記他方の開口部に挿入した第2パンチにより、前記粉末を加圧する、
請求項13に記載の通電焼結装置。 - 前記離型手段は、前記圧粉体を前記金型、前記第1パンチ及び前記第2パンチから外すことにより、前記圧粉体を前記金型から離型させ、
前記通電焼結手段は、第1端子及び第2端子を介して、前記圧粉体に通電する、
請求項14に記載の通電焼結装置。 - 前記加圧成形手段が第1圧粉体を成形する際に、並行して、前記通電焼結手段は、前記第1圧粉体と異なる第2圧粉体に通電することにより、前記焼結体を形成する、
請求項13~15のいずれか1項に記載の通電焼結装置。 - 前記加圧成形手段、前記離型手段及び前記通電焼結手段を制御する制御手段をさらに備えた、
請求項9~16のいずれか1項に記載の通電焼結装置。 - 前記通電焼結手段は、前記圧粉体における前記粉末の各粒子を、各粒子間から発生する熱、前記各粒子の内部から発生する熱、及び、前記粒子の外部から伝熱により伝わる熱の少なくともいずれかにより焼結若しくは拡散接合させる、
請求項9~17のいずれか1項に記載の通電焼結装置。 - 前記加圧成形手段は、
前記粉末の温度が、500[℃]未満の状態で、
前記粉末を加圧する圧力を、100~700[MPa]にし、
前記通電焼結手段は、
前記粉末を加圧する圧力が、不可避な圧力以外において0[MPa]の状態で、
前記粉末の温度を、500[℃]以上にする、
請求項9~18のいずれか1項に記載の通電焼結装置。 - 前記加圧成形手段は、
前記粉末の充填密度を、60[%]未満から60[%]以上に変化させ、
前記通電焼結手段は、
前記粉末の前記充填密度を、60[%]以上に保つ、
請求項9~19のいずれか1項に記載の通電焼結装置。
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