JP7621184B2 - 希土類鉄系リング磁石及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
希土類鉄系リング磁石及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
実施形態に係る希土類鉄系リング磁石の製造方法は、後述する工程(a)~(e)を含む。さらに、工程(f)を含んでいてもよい。図1は、実施形態に係る希土類鉄系リング磁石の製造方法を具体的に説明するための図である。
実施形態に係る希土類鉄系リング磁石は、希土類鉄系磁石粉末を放電プラズマ焼結した希土類鉄系リング磁石であって、上記希土類鉄系磁石粉末は、磁気的に等方性の超急冷粉であり、希土類元素を13at%以上19at%以下の量で含み、保磁力が1500kA/m以上である。また、上記希土類鉄系リング磁石は、圧環強度が100MPa以上であり、初期減磁率が10%未満である。好ましくは、上記希土類鉄系リング磁石は、炭素量が2000ppm以下であり、平均結晶粒径が200nm未満である。ここで、平均結晶粒径は、SEMやTEMで磁石組織を観察しその画像から個々の結晶粒径を求め、その平均値である。
〔実験例1〕
成型したグリーン体を金型に挿入し、脱脂工程及び焼結工程を連続して行うが、その際、脱脂工程の影響について、試料1、2に基づいて評価した。
自由粉砕機(形式M-2、株式会社奈良機械製作所製)を用いて、Nd-Fe-B系磁石粉末(希土類元素の量:13.8at%、保磁力:1500kA/m以上、超急冷粉)を粉砕し、53μm~150μmの範囲に分級した。
分級した上記磁石粉末200gに、予め、メチルエチルケトン(MEK)20gに溶解したポリスチレン4gを加え、ドラフトチャンバー内で排気を行いながら、ラボミルで15分間混錬し混練物を得た。
上記混練物を80℃に加熱したオーブンに投入し、30分間乾燥させ、MEKを揮発させた。MEKを揮発させた粉末を乳鉢で解砕し、乾式ふるいにて20μm~125μm以下に分級し、コンパウンドを得た。
次に外径が13mm、内径が11mmであるリング状の金型に上記コンパウンドを充填し、300MPaの圧力を印加して粉末圧縮成型を行い、リング形状のグリーン体を成型した。
成形したグリーン体をセラミックスと超硬合金とを組み合わせた複合金型に挿入し、放電プラズマ焼結(SPS)装置にて、ロータリーポンプで10-3Torr程度まで真空引きしながら、減圧下で脱脂を行った。具体的には、10MPaの圧力を印加しながら、400A/cm2の電流密度を印加して所定時間保持して脱脂を行った。
引き続き、120MPaの圧力を印加しながら、800A/cm2の電流密度を印加し700℃付近まで昇温して加熱することにより、焼結を連続的に行った。
焼結終了後は、圧力及び電流をすぐに遮断して、チャンバにN2ガスを導入し、大気圧下で冷却を行った(焼結終了後は、すぐに圧力を0MPa、電流密度を0A/cm2として、チャンバにN2ガスを導入し、大気圧下で冷却を行った。)。所定の温度に冷却後、離型し、希土類鉄系リング磁石を得た。
試料1をNo.1~No.4の4個作製した。
試料1と同様にしてリング形状のグリーン体を成型した。
成形したグリーン体をセラミックスと超硬合金とを組み合わせた複合金型に挿入し、放電プラズマ焼結(SPS)装置にて、ロータリーポンプで10-3Torr程度まで真空引きしながら、減圧下でパルス通電焼結を行った。具体的には、120MPaの圧力を印加しながら、800A/cm2の電流密度を印加して、室温から700℃付近まで昇温して加熱することにより、脱脂及び焼結を連続的に行った。
焼結終了後は、電流を遮断して、チャンバにN2ガスを導入し、大気圧下で冷却を行った(焼結終了後は、すぐに圧力を0MPa、電流密度を0A/cm2として、チャンバにN2ガスを導入し、大気圧下で冷却を行った。)。所定の温度に冷却後、離型し、希土類鉄系リング磁石を得た。
試料2をNo.1~No.4の4個作製した。
実験例1の脱脂の効果の結果から、試料1の条件で脱脂を行うことで、圧環強度を向上できることが分かる。このため、試料1の脱脂工程及び焼結工程を行った場合について、焼結後の冷却工程における条件と初期減磁との関係を調べた。
試料1と同様に焼結工程まで行った。
焼結終了後は、チャンバにN2ガスを導入し、大気圧下で、電流をすぐに遮断することなく、約180秒かけて、電流密度を0A/cm2まで段階的に下げると共に、圧力も120MPaから0MPaまで段階的に下げて冷却を行った。
所定の温度に冷却後、離型し、希土類鉄系リング磁石を得た。
試料3をNo.1~No.4の4個作製した。
試料1と同様に焼結工程まで行った。
焼結終了後、複合金型の内側と外側にN2ガスを流しながら、電流をすぐに遮断することなく、約180秒かけて、電流密度を0A/cm2まで段階的に下げると共に、圧力も120MPaから0MPaまで段階的に下げて冷却を行った。
所定の温度に冷却後、離型し、希土類鉄系リング磁石を得た。
試料4をNo.1~No.4の4個作製した。
機械的強度については、JIS Z2507に準じる測定により圧環強度を求めた。また、磁気特性については、初期減磁率を求めた。初期減磁率は、得られた希土類鉄系リング磁石を、高温熱暴露(200℃、1時間)させた後、室温で磁束密度を測定し、熱暴露前後での変化率で評価した。
実施例で得られた希土類鉄系リング磁石(試料1~4)について、炭素量及び平均結晶粒径を測定した。いずれの希土類鉄系リング磁石も、炭素量は2000ppm以下であり、平均結晶粒径は200nm未満であった。なお、炭素量は、CSアナライザーを用いて燃焼法により測定した。
Claims (8)
- 希土類鉄系磁石粉末を放電プラズマ焼結した希土類鉄系リング磁石であって、
前記希土類鉄系磁石粉末は、磁気的に等方性の超急冷粉であり、希土類元素を13at%以上19at%以下の量で含み、保磁力が1500kA/m以上であり、
前記希土類鉄系リング磁石は、圧環強度が100MPa以上であり、初期減磁率が10%未満である、
希土類鉄系リング磁石。 - 前記希土類鉄系リング磁石は、炭素量が2000ppm以下であり、平均結晶粒径が200nm未満である、
請求項1に記載の希土類鉄系リング磁石。 - 前記希土類鉄系磁石粉末は、前記希土類元素として少なくともNdを含む、
請求項1又は2に記載の希土類鉄系リング磁石。 - (a)超急冷法によって作製された磁気的に等方性の希土類鉄系磁石薄帯を粉砕して、希土類鉄系磁石粉末を得る工程と、
(b)前記希土類鉄系磁石粉末と、ポリスチレンとを混合してコンパウンドを作製し、前記コンパウンドを、20μm以上125μm以下の範囲に分級する工程と、
(c)前記コンパウンドを金型に充填し加圧して、グリーン体を成形する工程と、
(d)前記グリーン体を複合金型に挿入し、該複合金型を放電プラズマ焼結(SPS)装置にセットし、次いで、減圧下で、前記グリーン体に対して5MPa以上15MPa以下の圧力を印加しながら、250A/cm2以上550A/cm2未満の電流密度で通電し加熱を行い、前記グリーン体を脱脂して、脱脂体を得る工程と、
(e)減圧下で、前記脱脂体に対して15MPa以上200MPa以下の圧力を印加しながら、550A/cm2以上1050A/cm2以下の電流密度で通電し加熱を行い、前記脱脂体を焼結して、希土類鉄系リング磁石を得る工程と、を含み、
前記希土類鉄系磁石粉末は、希土類元素を13at%以上19at%以下の量で含む、
希土類鉄系リング磁石の製造方法。 - さらに、(f)不活性ガス雰囲気中で、焼結して得られた前記希土類鉄系リング磁石に対して印加している前記圧力及び通電している前記電流密度を徐々に小さくしながら、前記希土類鉄系リング磁石を冷却する工程を含む、
請求項4に記載の希土類鉄系リング磁石の製造方法。 - 前記希土類鉄系磁石粉末は、前記希土類元素として少なくともNdを含む、
請求項4又は5に記載の希土類鉄系リング磁石の製造方法。 - 前記工程(b)において、前記ポリスチレンは、前記希土類鉄系磁石粉末100wt%に対して、2wt%以下の量で混合する、
請求項4~6のいずれか1項に記載の希土類鉄系リング磁石の製造方法。 - 前記工程(b)は、前記希土類鉄系磁石粉末と、前記ポリスチレンと、さらに滑剤とを混合してコンパウンドを作製する工程であり、
前記工程(b)において、前記滑剤は、前記希土類鉄系磁石粉末及び前記ポリスチレンの合計100wt%に対して、0.2wt%以下の量で混合する、
請求項4~7のいずれか1項に記載の希土類鉄系リング磁石の製造方法。
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