JP7640824B2 - イオン伝導性電解質 - Google Patents
イオン伝導性電解質 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2019年9月30日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/908515号、2019年10月7日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/911505号、および2019年10月7日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/911508号に対する優先権を主張するものであり、これらの出願のそれぞれは、参照によりその全体が組み込まれる。
政府支援本発明は、全米科学財団(NSF)によって授与されたグラント1831087の下で政府支援を受けてなされたものであり、政府は本発明に一定の権利を有する。
リチウム金属アノードおよびリチウムニッケル-マンガン-コバルト酸化物(NMC622)カソードからなる電池コインセルを組み立てた。電解液は、9対1のモル比のフルオロメタン(CH3F)および二酸化炭素(CO2)の混合物中の1.0MのLiTFSIおよび1.0Mのトリエチルホスフェート(TEP)を使用した。セルを、4.2、4.3、4.4、4.5Vの様々な充電電圧まで1cレートでサイクルさせた。セル性能を図1に示す。
リチウム金属アノードおよびリチウムニッケル-マンガン-コバルト酸化物(NMC622)カソードから構成される電池コインセルを組み立てた。電解液は、9対1のモル比のCH3FおよびCO2の混合物中の1.0M LiFSIおよび1.2Mリン酸トリエチル(TEP)を使用した。セルを、4.2、4.3、4.4、4.5Vの様々な充電電圧まで1cレートでサイクルした。セル性能を図2に示す。
リチウム金属アノードおよびリチウムニッケル-マンガン-コバルト酸化物(NMC622)カソードからなる電池コインセルを組み立てた。電解液は、9対1のモル比のフルオロメタン(CH3f)および二酸化炭素(CO2)の混合物中の1.0MのLiTFSIおよび1.0Mのトリメチルホスフェート(TMP)を使用した。セルを、4.2、4.3、4.4、4.5Vの様々な充電電圧まで1cレートでサイクルさせた。セル性能を図3に示す。
電解伝導度の測定は、3種類の電解質溶液で行った。電解液1は、フルオロメタン(CH3F、FM)中に1.0MのLiTFSIおよび1.0Mのトリエチルホスフェート(TEP)を含有し、電解液2は、フルオロメタン(CH3F、FM)中に1.0MのLiTFSIおよび1.0Mのトリメチルホスフェート(TMP)を含有した。電解液1は、フルオロメタン(CH3F、FM)中に1.0MのLiTFSIおよび1.0Mのトリメチルホスフェート(TMP)を含有し、電解液2は、フルオロメタン(CH3F、FM)中に1.0MのLiTFSIおよび1.0Mの2-メチルテトラヒドロフラン(2MeTHF)を含有した。図4に示すように、有機リン酸塩添加剤を含有する溶液は、2MeTHF添加剤よりも導電性が優れていた。
電解質圧の測定は、3種類の電解質溶液で行った。電解液1は、フルオロメタン(CH3F、FM)中に1.0MのLiTFSIおよび1.0Mのリン酸トリエチル(TEP)を含有し、電解液2は、フルオロメタン(CH3F、FM)中に1.0MのLiTFSIおよび1.0Mのリン酸トリメチル(TMP)を含有し、電解液3は、フルオロメタン(CH3F、FM)中に1.0MのLiTFSIおよび1.0Mのリン酸トリメチル(TMP)を含有した。塩と添加剤との混合物は、異なる電解質間の液化ガス電解液または純粋なフルオロメタン溶媒の全圧にほとんど影響を及ぼさなかったことが分かる。圧力データを図5に示す。
リチウム金属アノードおよびリチウムニッケル-マンガン-コバルト酸化物(NMC622)カソードから構成される2つの電池コインセルを組み立てた。第1のセルは、9:1のモル比でCH3F:CO2中に1.0MのLiTFSIおよび1.0Mの2-メチルテトラヒドロフランを有する電解液1を使用した。第2のセルは、9:1のモル比でCH3F:CO2中に1.0MのLiTFSIおよび1.0Mのトリエチルホスフェートを有する電解液2を使用した。セルを、4.2、4.3、4.4、4.5Vの様々な充電電圧まで1-Cレートでサイクルさせた。この添加剤の安定性が低いため、電解液1の容量が明らかに低下する。電解液2は、高い充電電圧でも安定性を維持している。セル性能データを図6に示す。
異なる電解質を使用した4つのコインセルを組み立て、室温で電圧の関数として漏れ電流を測定した。漏れ電流が高いほど、電解液添加剤の分解が速いこと、または電圧安定性が低いことを示す。コイン電池は、リチウム金属負極とリチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト酸化物(NMC622)正極で構成されていた。4つの電解質は、9対1のモル比のCH3FおよびCO2の混合物中に1.0MのLiTFSI塩および1.0Mの添加剤を有していた。試験した4つの添加剤は、2Me-テトラヒドロフラン、ジメチルエーテル、トリメチルホスフェート、およびトリエチルホスフェートであった。これらの電池の性能を図7に示す。トリメチルホスフェートおよびトリエチルホスフェートは、4.4Vおよび4.5Vの増加した電圧で優れた安定性を有するが、エーテル系添加剤は、これらの電圧で劣った安定性を有することが予想外に見出された。この驚くべき結果は、液化ガス溶媒と添加剤との組み合わせを通して、カソード表面上に表面-電解液-界面相(SEI)を生成する独特の化学が形成され、これにより、高電圧であっても非常に優れた安定性が可能になることが、実験からのみ決定され得る。液化ガス溶媒と添加剤の組み合わせにより、正極表面に表面電解質間化合物(SEI)が形成され、高電圧下でも非常に優れた安定性が得られるというユニークな化学的性質が形成された。低い漏れ電流は、この事実をさらに補強する。図6と図7は、これらの発見を補強するものである。リン酸塩化合物添加剤によるこれらの予想外の結果は、以前に開示されたエーテル型添加剤よりもはるかに優れている。
様々な電解液を含有するガラス窓を有するステンレス鋼セルを組み立てた。この窓から、様々な電解質の配合における塩の溶解度を見ることができる。以下の表1は、様々な電解液について観察された溶解性を示す。リン酸トリメチル及びリン酸トリエチルは、フルオロメタン中の様々な塩に対して優れた溶解性を有することが予想外に見出された。液化ガス溶媒、添加剤、及び塩の様々な組み合わせにおいて頻繁な相分離が存在することに留意することが重要である。理想的な添加剤は、塩に対して良好な親和性または結合性を示し、溶媒系との高い相溶性を示す。これらの組み合わせにより、一般に塩に対する溶解度が高く、広い温度範囲で相分離のない混合物が得られる。一方、様々な塩でテストされたエーテルやカーボネートは、このようなユニークな特性の組み合わせを示さない。リン酸化合物の予想外の性能は、実験によってのみ決定することができ、これらの驚くべき発見につながった。
Claims (3)
- 293.15Kの室温で100kPa超の蒸気圧を有し、フルオロメタン、或いはジフルオロメタンからなる圧縮ガス溶媒と、
リチウム塩と、
リン酸トリメチルおよび/またはリン酸トリエチルからなる添加剤と、
を含むことを特徴とするイオン伝導性電解質。 - 前記リチウム塩に対する前記添加剤のモル比が、0.01~10の範囲である、請求項1に記載のイオン伝導性電解質。
- 前記リチウム塩は、リチウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド(LiTFSI)、リチウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート(LiPF6)、リチウムパークロレート(LiClO4)、リチウムヘキサフルオロアルセネート(LiAsF6)、リチウムテトラクロロアルミネート(LiAlCl4)、リチウムテトラガリウムアルミネート、リチウムビス(オキサラト)ボラート(LiBOB)、リチウムヘキサフルオロスタネート、リチウムジフルオロ(オキサラト)ボレート(LiDFOB)、リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド(LiFSI)、リチウムアルミニウムフッ化物(LiAlF3)、リチウムニトレート(LiNO3)、リチウムクロロアルミネート、リチウムテトラフルオロボレート(LiBF4)、リチウムテトラクロロアルミネート、ジフルオロリン酸リチウム、リチウムテトラフルオロ(オキサラト)ホスフェート、リチウムジフルオロビス(オキサラト)ホスフェート、ホウ酸リチウム、オキソ酸リチウム、チオシアン酸リチウム、テトラクロロガレートリチウム、塩化リチウム、臭化リチウム、ヨウ化リチウム、炭酸リチウム、フッ化リチウム、酸化リチウム、水酸化リチウム、窒化リチウム、リチウムスーパーオキシド、アジ化リチウム、デルタテルリチウム、スクアリン酸二リチウム、クロコン酸リチウム二水和物、ロジゾン酸二リチウム、シュウ酸リチウム、ケトマロン酸二リチウム、またはジケトスクシン酸リチウムを含む、請求項1に記載のイオン伝導性電解質。
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201962908515P | 2019-09-30 | 2019-09-30 | |
| US62/908,515 | 2019-09-30 | ||
| US201962911505P | 2019-10-07 | 2019-10-07 | |
| US201962911508P | 2019-10-07 | 2019-10-07 | |
| US62/911,505 | 2019-10-07 | ||
| US62/911,508 | 2019-10-07 | ||
| JP2022520337A JP7253861B2 (ja) | 2019-09-30 | 2020-08-30 | 電気化学デバイス用電解質配合物 |
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| JP2022520337A Division JP7253861B2 (ja) | 2019-09-30 | 2020-08-30 | 電気化学デバイス用電解質配合物 |
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| CA3220578A1 (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2022-12-08 | Cyrus S. Rustomji | Chemically inert additives for electrochemical cells |
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| EP4283745A4 (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2024-05-01 | Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited | ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION, SECONDARY BATTERY, BATTERY MODULE, BATTERY PACK AND ELECTRICAL DEVICE |
| KR20250036228A (ko) * | 2022-07-21 | 2025-03-13 | 사우스 8 테크놀로지스, 인코포레이티드 | 액화 가스 전해질 용기 장치 및 분배 방법 |
| WO2024050635A1 (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2024-03-14 | 10644137 Canada Inc. | Spiro-based ionic liquid electrolyte for low temperature supercapacitors and methods of fabricating same |
| KR102714946B1 (ko) * | 2022-11-14 | 2024-10-07 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | 전기이중층 캐패시터용 전해액 및 이를 이용한 전기이중층 캐패시터 |
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| CN117727939B (zh) * | 2024-02-09 | 2024-04-26 | 深圳好电科技有限公司 | 一种负极厚涂浆料、负极及锂离子电池 |
| WO2025230294A1 (ko) * | 2024-04-29 | 2025-11-06 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 비수 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
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| US12592418B1 (en) * | 2024-09-29 | 2026-03-31 | South 8 Technologies, Inc. | Structure and materials of tapes for electrochemical cells utilizing liquefied gas electrolytes |
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