JPH0118352B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to solar energy absorbing panels and roofs using the panels.

[Conventional technology]

Currently, the most common type of solar energy absorbing panel used on a roof to utilize solar heat consists of a housing, a black heat absorbing plate placed inside the housing, and a protection that seals and closes the upper opening of the housing. It consists of a window or glass pane.
A pipe for circulating the liquid to be heated (thermal medium) is disposed in the housing in contact with the heat absorbing plate.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

However, such known solar energy absorbing panels are subject to severe thermal stress due to repeated increases in temperature during the day and decreases in temperature at night, and therefore require frequent maintenance of various types, and repair of damaged parts is not easy. Furthermore, after long-term use, it not only becomes impossible to maintain complete waterproofness, but also poses a problem particularly in terms of aesthetics due to the unique shape. Furthermore, if a large area of the roof is covered in order to recover a large amount of solar energy, the cost becomes significantly high.

[Means for solving problems]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a solar energy absorbing panel in the form of a tile-like member that can be used for roofing, the tile-like member bulging upward to open downward. at least one internally hollow heat collecting section extending over the entire length or width of the tile-like member; and at least one internally hollow air heating section bulging upwardly to open downwardly. , an air flow path that communicates the inside of the heat collecting section and the inside of the air heating section with each other, and a transparent cover that covers the heat collecting section, wherein the heat collected is removed in the heat collecting section. The solar energy absorbing panel is characterized in that the air expanded by heating inside the air heating section flows into the inside of the heat collecting section through the air flow path. It provides:

Further, the present invention provides a sloped roof covered with a plurality of solar energy absorbing panels in the form of tile-like members, each tile-like member being bulged upward to open downwardly, and the tile-like member being bulged upward to open downwardly. at least one internally hollow heat collecting section extending over the entire length or width; and at least one internally hollow air heating section bulging upwardly to open downwardly;
It includes an air flow path that communicates the inside of the heat collecting section and the inside of the air heating section with each other, and a transparent cover that covers the heat collecting section. The heat collecting part is continuous from the top to the bottom of the sloped roof, and the edges of adjacent tile-like members overlap each other, and by connecting these heat collecting parts to a heat recovery unit, each tile-like member The roof is also a solar energy absorbing device characterized in that the air expanded by heating inside the air heating section flows into the inside of the continuously connected heat collecting section through the respective air flow passages. This is what we provide.

[Action and effect]

According to the above configuration, the solar energy absorbing panel itself is in the form of a tile-like member, and can cover a roof like a normal tile. That is, a plurality of tile-like members may be attached to the roof so that their edges overlap. Since the tile-like members installed in this way are not fixed to each other, they can expand and contract individually in response to temperature changes (the extent of this is thought to be extremely small due to the material), and distortion due to thermal stress. It is essentially free of any nuisance, therefore does not require frequent maintenance and is suitable for long-term use. Furthermore, even if a particular tile-like member is damaged, only that tile-like member needs to be repaired or replaced, which is much more advantageous than conventional systems in terms of maintenance effort and cost. Furthermore, since it is a substitute for ordinary tiles, covering the entire roof with the tile-like members (solar energy absorption panels) of the present invention does not require a particularly high cost; You can enjoy the benefits of being able to effectively and economically utilize the infinite amount of solar energy without sacrificing your solar energy.

The heat collecting part of each tile-like member collects heat from the sunlight irradiating the part, and the obtained heat is transferred, for example, by a heat medium flowing in a metal pipe provided in the heat collecting part, or by such a metal If no pipe is provided, the air in the heat collecting section will flow to the heat pump located at a distant location and be taken away. That is, the pressure inside the heat collecting section becomes relatively low due to contraction or escape of air.

However, if only the above-mentioned heat collecting part is used, heat can only be effectively collected from sunlight that is directly irradiated to that part. This is due to material limitations due to the fact that solar energy absorbing panels are also substitutes for roof tiles. That is, tile-like members are generally limited to materials with relatively low thermal conductivity, such as ceramics and specific resins, due to their uses. Therefore, although the tile-like member receives sunlight on its entire surface, unlike metal etc., it is not possible to efficiently transmit the collected heat to distant locations through the constituent material itself (i.e., the wall). Can not.

In the present invention, a part of the tile-like member is expanded to form an air heating section, and this is communicated with the heat collecting section via an air flow passage. As a result, the air heating section irradiated with sunlight heats and expands the air immediately below it with minimal heat loss, and causes the air to flow into the heat collecting section through the air flow path. Therefore, the sunlight irradiating the entire tile-like member can be used as effectively as possible, and the limitations caused by the material can be compensated for. The bulging air heating section also has the advantage of increasing the strength of the tile-like member and providing a foothold when working on the roof. Although the present invention is particularly advantageous when the tile-like member is made of ceramic or the like, it does not exclude the use of metal materials.

The transparent cover protects the heat collection portion, prevents the collected heat from dissipating, and increases the heat collection efficiency of the tile-like member.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the accompanying drawings.

1, 1a and 2 show three aspects of a first embodiment of the solar energy absorbing panel according to the present invention, each panel being in the form of a tile-like member 2; 2 extends along one edge thereof and has a hollow heat collecting part 4 formed by bulging upward to open downward. A groove 3 opening upward is formed in the heat collecting part 4, and a black-painted metal pipe 5 through which a fluid to be heated flows is attached to the groove 3, and is held detachably by an elastic clip 6. has been done. The heat collecting section 4
is covered with a transparent cover 7 together with the pipe 5 held in the groove 3, which protects the heat collecting part 4 and the pipe 5 and prevents the heat collected from sunlight from dissipating. A rising flange-like engagement part 11 is formed on the edge of the tile-like member 2 opposite to the heat collecting part 4, and this engaging part 11 connects to the heat collecting part (first (indicated by broken lines in FIG. 1 and FIG. 1a), thereby preventing relative displacement to some extent. Note that the engaging portion of the adjacent tile-like member on the opposite side is designated by reference numeral 8 and is also indicated by a broken line.

The shape of the elastic clip 6 may be semicircular as shown in FIG. 1, or U-shaped as shown in FIGS. 1a and 2.

In addition to the above structure, the tile-like member 2 has an internal hollow air heating part 9 (in the illustrated example, a hollow air heating part 9 that bulges upward to open downward) at a position between the heat collecting part 4 and the engaging part 11. The air heating units 9 communicate with each other and with the heat collecting unit 4 via air flow passages 10. This air heating section 9 has a pyramidal shape (FIGS. 1 and 2), a truncated cone shape (FIGS. 3 and 3b, described later), or a hemispherical shape (FIG. 1a and FIG. 3a, described later). or take on any other suitable shape,
Preferably, at least one surface thereof is substantially perpendicular to sunlight whose direction changes over time, so that energy can be effectively recovered at all times.
Moreover, this air heating section 9 also acts as a reinforcing section due to its bulging structure, and can function at least as a foothold for people and can support snow accumulation.

As shown in FIG. 2, it is advantageous to engage the airflow passage 10 with a notch formed at the lower edge of the transparent cover 7, since this can prevent the transparent cover 7 from shifting in its longitudinal direction.

When roofing, a plurality of tile-like members 2
will be placed on the insulation board laid on the flat top surface of the roof support structure. At this time, the edges of the adjacent tile-like members 2 overlap each other as shown in FIGS. 1, 1a, and 2, and the heat collecting parts 4 of each are arranged from the top to the bottom of the sloped roof. Long metal pipes 5 are disposed in continuous grooves 3 that are arranged in a continuous manner. The transparent cover 7 that covers the heat collecting part 4 of one tile-like member 2 is overlapped at the end with a similar transparent cover that covers the heat collecting part of the adjacent tile-like member on the upper side (top side of the roof), for example. It's okay to get old.
Furthermore, each tile-like member 2 is provided with a plurality of holes, thereby allowing the tile-like member to be nailed onto the heat insulating board, and by allowing some leeway in the size of the holes, It is possible to prevent any inconvenience from occurring even if the tile-like member expands or contracts. In this way, it is possible to create a roof that is aesthetically no different from a conventional roof covered with ordinary tiles.

At the upper and lower ends of the sloping roof, each metal pipe 5 is connected to one collection pipe (not shown), thus all the pipes of the solar energy absorption device arranged on the entire roof surface are integrated. It is forced to communicate.

The function of the tile-like member 2 as a solar energy absorption panel is as follows.

Thermal energy of the sunlight transmitted through the transparent cover 7 and irradiated onto the heat collecting part 4 is directly collected in the heat collecting part 4, and the heat is carried away by the fluid flowing through the metal pipe 5. On the other hand, the sunlight irradiated on the suitably oriented air heating section 9 heats and expands the air inside it. As a result, the air flow passage 10
The heated air in the air heating section 9 flows into the heat collecting section 4 through the heat collecting section 4 and transfers its heat to the fluid in the metal pipe 5. In this way, almost all of the solar energy absorbed by the tile-like member 2 is effectively utilized.

In order to improve heat absorption efficiency and keep manufacturing costs low, the tile-like member 2 of the present invention is preferably made of glass, ceramic, a mixture of asbestos and cement, or synthetic resin. Furthermore, when the area of each tile-like member 2 is increased, the number of grooves 3 can also be increased.

The transparent cover 7 can be made of synthetic resin. In order to prevent reflection of the transparent cover 7, its surface may be made rough or irregular. On the other hand, if the outer surface of the air heating section 9 is shaped to reflect sunlight in the direction of the heat collecting section 4, that is, the metal pipe 5, a part of the solar energy that cannot be absorbed by the air heating section 9 will be collected. It can be directly absorbed by the heat section 4.

Figures 3, 3a and 3b each show a second embodiment of the panel of the invention. This second embodiment differs only in that the tile-like member 2 constituting the panel does not have the groove 3 and metal pipe 5 of the first embodiment, so the members common to both embodiments are Duplicate explanations are avoided by assigning the same reference numbers.

In the second embodiment, the air heated in the air heating section 9 flows into the heat collecting section 4 through the air flow passage 10, mixes with the heated air in the heat collecting section 4, and then Air not shown in the diagram flows through the hollow space in part 4.
The heat is sent to a liquid heat pump and recovered.

The present invention can be modified as follows in addition to what is shown in the drawings.

(a) The groove 3 of the heat collecting part 4 is formed to be open from below, so that the metal pipe 5 accommodated in the groove 3 cannot be seen from above.

(b) Fix the metal pipe 5 in the groove 3 using cement with good thermal conductivity or a substance with the same effect.

(c) Part or all of the tile-like member 2 has a multilayer structure made of different materials, and the outermost layer is made of a transparent material.

(d) A plurality of tile-like members that cooperate with each other to form the outer covering of the roof are arranged slightly above the supporting surface of the roof. That is, a protrusion that acts as a spacer is provided at an appropriate portion of each tile-like member 2, a gap is formed between the roof support surface and the tile-like member by the protrusion, and the flow is caused to flow between the tile-like member and the gap. heat exchange between the fluids.

(e) Air is used as the fluid flowing through the gap in (d) above, and the heat of this air is recovered by a known air/liquid heat pump.

(f) Several tile-like members 2 are connected to each other to form one block, and this is used as one unit when laying on the roof support surface.

(g) The cross-sectional shape of the metal pipes 5 is a polygon such as a triangle, a quadrangle (including a trapezoid), or a semicircle, and the black painted part of each pipe is directed upward to spread the solar radiant energy as widely as possible. Make sure to cover the surface area. In short, the pipe 5 may have any cross-sectional shape; for example, it may be shaped like a mushroom with a large head so that the head receives solar energy.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a first embodiment of the solar energy absorption panel according to the present invention, FIG. 1a is a schematic sectional view similar to FIG. 1 showing a modification of the first embodiment, and FIG. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing yet another modification of the first embodiment, FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view showing a second embodiment of the panel according to the present invention, and FIG. 3a is a perspective view of the second embodiment of the panel. A similar schematic sectional view showing a modification, and FIG. 3b is a perspective view showing still another modification of the second embodiment. 2... Tile-shaped member, 3... Groove, 4... Heat collecting part, 5... Metal pipe, 6... Elastic clip, 7... Transparent cover,
8... Engaging portion, 9... Air heating portion, 10... Air flow path, 11... Engaging portion.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A solar energy absorbing panel in the form of a tile-like member that can be used for roofing, wherein the tile-like member 2 is bulged upward to open downward and the tile-like member 2 is bulged upward to open downward. at least one internally hollow heat collector 4 extending over the entire length or width of the member 2;
and at least one internally hollow air heating section 9 bulging upward to similarly open downward, and air circulation that allows the inside of the heat collecting section 4 and the inside of the air heating section 9 to communicate with each other. passage 10 and the heat collecting section 4
By configuring the heat collecting section 4 to remove the collected heat, the air expanded by heating inside the air heating section 9 can flow through the air circulation. A solar energy absorption panel characterized in that the heat flows into the inside of the heat collecting section 4 through a passage 10. 2. The heat collecting section 4 is provided with a groove 3 and a metal pipe 5 accommodated in the groove 3 to circulate the fluid to be heated below the transparent cover 7. Panels as described in Scope No. 1. 3. The air heating section 9 is configured in the shape of a pyramid, a truncated cone, or a hemisphere, and a part of its outer surface is approximately perpendicular to the sunlight whose direction of incidence changes over time. A panel according to claim 1 or 2. 4. The invention is characterized in that a part of the sunlight that is not absorbed by the air heating section 9 can be reflected on the outer surface of the air heating section 9 toward the heat collecting section 4. A panel according to any one of Range 1 to 3. 5. Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the outer surface of the transparent cover 7 is a rough or irregular surface so that sunlight is not reflected.
A panel described in any of the paragraphs. 6. Panel according to claim 2, characterized in that said pipe (5) is removably mounted in said groove (3) by means of at least one semicircular or U-shaped elastic clip (6). 7 The groove 3 is formed in an upwardly open shape so that the pipe 5 accommodated in the groove 3 can be seen through the transparent cover 7, and the pipe 5 is
The panel according to claim 2, characterized in that the panel is painted black. 8. The panel according to claim 2, wherein the groove 3 is formed in a downwardly open shape so that the pipe 5 accommodated in the groove 3 cannot be visually seen from above. 9. Claims 2 and 7, characterized in that the pipe 5 is fixed in the groove 3 by pouring cement with good thermal conductivity or a substance having the same effect into the groove 3. or the panel described in paragraph 8. 10 The tile-like member 2 is provided with a rising flange-shaped engagement portion 11 extending along one edge thereof, and the heat collecting portion 4 is located on the opposite side of the tile-like member 2 from the engagement portion 11. 10. A panel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it extends along an edge of the panel. 11 A sloping roof covered with a plurality of solar energy absorbing panels in the form of tile-like members, each tile-like member 2 bulging upward to open downward and extending over the entire length or width of the tile-like member 2. at least one internally hollow heat collector 4 extending over the
and at least one internally hollow air heating section 9 bulging upward to similarly open downward, and air circulation that allows the inside of the heat collecting section 4 and the inside of the air heating section 9 to communicate with each other. passage 10 and the heat collecting section 4
A plurality of tile-like members 2 having such a configuration are provided with a transparent cover 7 that covers a plurality of tile-like members 2 so that each heat collecting section 4 is continuous from the top to the bottom of the sloped roof, and the edges of the adjacent tile-like members 2 are continuous. By arranging the heat collecting parts 4 so as to overlap each other and connecting these heat collecting parts 4 to a heat recovery unit, the air expanded by heating inside the air heating part 9 of each tile-shaped member 2 is transferred to the respective air flow passages 10. A roof that is a solar energy absorbing device characterized in that the heat flows into the inside of the heat collecting section 4 which is continuously connected through the heat collecting section 4. 12 The heat recovery unit is attached to a metal pipe 5 along the continuously connected heat collecting section 4.
12. Roof according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises: a collection pipe connected to the metal pipe 5; 13. The roof according to claim 12, wherein the metal pipe 5 is accommodated in a groove 3 provided in each heat collecting section 4. 14. Claim 11, wherein the heat recovery unit includes a heat pump connected to the inside of the continuously connected heat collecting section 4.
The roof mentioned in section. 15 Each tile-like member 2 is attached with a slight gap from the supporting surface of the roof via a spacer,
15. The roof according to claim 11, wherein heat exchange is further promoted by allowing air to flow through the gaps.