JPH0118976B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0118976B2
JPH0118976B2 JP57069159A JP6915982A JPH0118976B2 JP H0118976 B2 JPH0118976 B2 JP H0118976B2 JP 57069159 A JP57069159 A JP 57069159A JP 6915982 A JP6915982 A JP 6915982A JP H0118976 B2 JPH0118976 B2 JP H0118976B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
weight
contact
silver
cadmium
sample
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP57069159A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS58185736A (en
Inventor
Akira Shibata
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chugai Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Chugai Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chugai Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Chugai Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority to JP57069159A priority Critical patent/JPS58185736A/en
Publication of JPS58185736A publication Critical patent/JPS58185736A/en
Publication of JPH0118976B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0118976B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Contacts (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

銀−カドミウム(1〜18重量%)合金を内部酸
化した銀複合電気接点材は知られるところである
が、この銀−カドミウム酸化物複合電気接点材料
の耐火性能を高めるために、種々の耐火性金属酸
化物を該材料に添加することがなされてきた。か
かる耐火性金属酸化物としては酸化錫が代表的な
ものであり、錫を0.2〜2.0重量%で前記した銀−
カドミウム(1〜18重量%)に加え合金とし、こ
れを内部酸化してきた。 かかる耐火性金属酸化物の添加により、その目
的とするところは相当満たしてきたが、近年に至
つてさらに接点の容積を小さくして材料を節約し
ながら、しかも接触抵抗の安定性を欠くことなし
に大電流密度の開閉に耐え、かつ寿命の長い接点
材料が求められて来た。 そこで、前記した銀−カドミウム合金中に2.0
重量%以上の錫を添加して安定した内部酸化がで
きるならば、上記の要求に応じられるものと一応
推測される。 即ち、錫を大量に添加することによつて耐熱性
と耐溶着性が改善され、カドミウム酸化物によつ
て接点表面はドライに保たれて小容積でありなが
ら安定した接触抵抗を有し、しかも開閉、遮断の
電流密度が高められかつ長寿命の接点材が提供で
きることになるからである。 しかし、現実には銀−カドミウム合金、例えば
Ag−Cd(10重量%)合金に錫を重量比で2〜8
重量%添加して内部酸化すると、酸化表面に酸化
物の滞積層皮膜又はAg抽出皮膜が形成され、か
つ合金の中心部は偏析した荒れた組織となつて、
酸化の進行が止まつてしまう。 表面に認められる異常な組織は接点の接触時の
信頼性をなくし、ときには接触不良又は接触面の
異常な温度上昇を誘発して、開閉器の重大な事故
原因となるので、かような接点材は使用しえない
ことになる。 本発明は、従来知られる銀−カドミウム(3〜
10重量%)に従来では内部酸化後に実用に供し得
る安定した組織を得られない筈の量である錫2〜
8重量%を加え、更にこれにビスマスを0.01重量
%以上添加し、これを内部酸化した銀複合接点材
料を提供するものである。 カドミウムの量を3〜10重量%としたのは、3
重量%以下では酸化カドミウムによる耐火性が乏
しく、10重量%以上では得られる接点材がブリス
トルになつてしまうためである。 また、錫の含有量を2〜8重量%としたのは、
2重量%以下では得られる接点材の耐熱性と耐溶
着性の改善があまり見られず、8重量%以上では
得られる接点材が脆くなつてしまうためである。 ビスマスを0.01重量%以上1.5まで添加するこ
とによる効果は後述(1)〜(4)に列記する通りである
が、その結果得られる内部酸化組織はこれまでの
Ag−Cd−Sn系合金を内部酸化したものとは全く
異なり、銀結晶粒界や酸化表面等に現れた酸化粒
の濃度の密な析出は全く姿を消し、しかも非常に
高度な技術を駆使して粉末配合法により製作され
たかの如き微細で表面から中心部まで均一な分散
組織を保ち、かつその粒子は球状に近く、今まで
のAg−Cd−Sn系合金の酸化析出粒子に比して微
細である。 本発明にあつては、上記した効果を得るために
はビスマスの添加量の下限値は0.01重量%であ
り、合金の圧延加工或いは塑性変形による加工が
1.5重量%を越えると困難になるので、その上限
値は好適には1.5重量%である。 ビスマスをAg−Cd(3〜10重量%)−Sn(2〜
8重量%)合金に添加して内部酸化して得られる
効果は、Bi酸化物自体の物理的・電気的な性質
が電気接点材料の組成分として適しているという
ことだけでなく、酸化される合金の組織を以下の
理由によつて内部酸化の進行に適したものに調質
することにある。即ち、 (1) 過飽和なBiは溶質金属の酸化析出の中心核
となり、この中心核が無数、均一に合金中に点
在する。 (2) 銀合金の結晶成長を阻止し、粒界欠陥をなく
す。 (3) 内部酸化にあたり、析出核を通過して次なる
析出核に溶質金属が拡散流入して、析出粒子が
粗大化するのを防止する。 (4) 表面から中心部に至るまで酸化析出する核の
数的密度の変化が少ないので、一般のAg−Cd
−Sn合金の内部酸化組織のように表面から中
心に向つて粒子が成長して粗大化したり、異方
性をもつ針状結晶になることがなく、球状であ
る。これは接点材の寿命の上で連続した一貫性
のある電気特性を約束することになる。 ビスマスを添加すると、得られる材料は一般に
脆くなる点が不利であるが、内部酸化して得られ
た素材料を繰返して熱間押出、鍛造することによ
りその展性を増すことができるので、この点は余
り問題とする必要はない。 反対に、上記の不利は接点の作用上において返
つて有利に働くことにもなる。即ち、接点面で電
気開閉中に発生する表面溶着は、本発明品にあつ
ては本来微小、微弱なものであるので、軽い開離
力でも開離できるが、脆さのために溶着による転
移量も極小となつて、大きな溶着と溶損を招くこ
とがなくなるのである。 以下に本発明を実施例により更に詳述する。 実施例 試料1 Ag−Cd(10重量%)−Sn(2重量%)−Ni
(0.2重量%) 試料2 Ag−Cd(8%)−Sn(5%) 試料3 Ag−Cd(10%)−Sn(8%)−Bi(1.0%) 試料4 Ag−Cd(6%)−Sn(6%)−Bi(1.5%) 試料5 Ag−Cd(8%)−Sn(4%)−Bi(0.5%) 試料6 Ag−Cd(6%)−Sn(6%)−Bi(0.01%) 試料7 Ag−Cd(3%)−Sn(2%)−Bi(0.5%) 上記の試料1〜7の成分の合金をそれぞれ溶
解、鋳造して3Kgのビレツトとし、これを温度
700℃で余熱して熱間にて押出し、5mm径のロツ
ド線にした。これを長さ5mmに切断し、機械加工
で研削して頭部(厚さ2mmで径が5mm)と基部
(長さ3mmで径が3mm)を有するリベツト状の接
点とした。これを温度700℃の10atmO2中に約50
時間保持して内部酸化した。 試料2は表面に黒色スケールが生じ、中心部に
酸化物の偏析層ができて内部酸化できなかつた。 試料2を除く内部酸化した上記試料の酸化組織
と表面硬度は第1表の通りであつた。
A silver composite electrical contact material made by internally oxidizing a silver-cadmium oxide (1 to 18% by weight) alloy is known, but in order to improve the fire resistance of this silver-cadmium oxide composite electrical contact material, various refractory metals were used. Additions of oxides to the materials have been made. Tin oxide is a typical example of such refractory metal oxides, and the above-mentioned silver
Cadmium (1 to 18% by weight) was added to form an alloy, which was then internally oxidized. By adding such refractory metal oxides, the intended purpose has been met to a large extent, but in recent years, the volume of the contact point has been further reduced to save material while still maintaining the stability of contact resistance. There has been a demand for contact materials that can withstand switching at high current densities and have a long life. Therefore, in the silver-cadmium alloy mentioned above, 2.0
If stable internal oxidation can be achieved by adding at least % by weight of tin, it is assumed that the above requirements can be met. That is, heat resistance and welding resistance are improved by adding a large amount of tin, and the contact surface is kept dry by cadmium oxide, resulting in stable contact resistance despite the small volume. This is because it is possible to provide a contact material with increased current density for switching and breaking, and a long life. However, in reality, silver-cadmium alloys, e.g.
Ag-Cd (10% by weight) alloy with tin weight ratio of 2 to 8
When internally oxidized by adding % by weight, an oxide accumulation layer film or Ag extraction film is formed on the oxidized surface, and the center of the alloy becomes a segregated and rough structure.
The progress of oxidation is stopped. Abnormal structures found on the surface of the contacts can make the contacts unreliable, and can sometimes cause poor contact or abnormal temperature rises on the contact surfaces, which can lead to serious accidents in switchgear. becomes unusable. The present invention is based on the conventionally known silver-cadmium (3-cadmium
10% by weight) and 2~2~2% of tin, which is an amount that would conventionally make it impossible to obtain a stable structure that can be used for practical purposes after internal oxidation.
A silver composite contact material is provided by adding 8% by weight of bismuth, further adding 0.01% by weight or more of bismuth, and internally oxidizing this. The reason why the amount of cadmium is 3 to 10% by weight is 3.
This is because if it is less than 10% by weight, the fire resistance due to cadmium oxide is poor, and if it is more than 10% by weight, the resulting contact material will become bristles. In addition, the tin content was set to 2 to 8% by weight because
This is because if it is less than 2% by weight, the heat resistance and welding resistance of the contact material obtained will not be improved much, and if it is more than 8% by weight, the contact material obtained will become brittle. The effects of adding bismuth from 0.01% by weight to 1.5% are listed in (1) to (4) below, but the resulting internal oxidation structure is different from that of the previous one.
Completely different from internally oxidized Ag-Cd-Sn alloys, the dense precipitation of oxidized grains that appeared on silver grain boundaries and oxidized surfaces completely disappeared, and moreover, using extremely advanced technology, It maintains a fine and uniformly dispersed structure from the surface to the center, as if it were manufactured using a powder blending method, and its particles are nearly spherical, compared to the oxidized precipitate particles of conventional Ag-Cd-Sn alloys. It's minute. In the present invention, in order to obtain the above effects, the lower limit of the amount of bismuth added is 0.01% by weight, and the alloy must not be processed by rolling or plastic deformation.
If it exceeds 1.5% by weight, it becomes difficult, so the upper limit is preferably 1.5% by weight. Bismuth is mixed with Ag-Cd (3~10% by weight)-Sn (2~
The effect obtained by internally oxidizing Bi oxide by adding it to the alloy (8% by weight) is not only that the physical and electrical properties of Bi oxide itself are suitable as a component of electrical contact materials, but also that it is oxidized. The aim is to refine the structure of the alloy to one suitable for the progress of internal oxidation for the following reasons. That is, (1) Supersaturated Bi becomes the central nucleus of oxidation precipitation of the solute metal, and these central nuclei are uniformly scattered throughout the alloy. (2) Prevent crystal growth in silver alloys and eliminate grain boundary defects. (3) During internal oxidation, solute metal is prevented from diffusing into the next precipitation nucleus through a precipitation nucleus and from coarsening the precipitation particles. (4) There is little change in the numerical density of oxidized and precipitated nuclei from the surface to the center, so
- Unlike the internal oxidation structure of Sn alloys, the particles do not grow from the surface to the center and become coarse, or become anisotropic needle-shaped crystals, and are spherical. This ensures continuous and consistent electrical properties over the life of the contact material. The disadvantage of adding bismuth is that the resulting material generally becomes brittle; however, by repeatedly hot extruding and forging the material obtained through internal oxidation, its malleability can be increased. There is no need to worry about this point too much. On the contrary, the above-mentioned disadvantages can be turned into an advantage in terms of the operation of the contacts. In other words, the surface welding that occurs on the contact surface during electrical switching is essentially minute and weak in the case of the product of the present invention, so it can be opened with a light separating force, but due to its brittleness, transfer due to welding The amount is also minimized, which prevents large welding and melting loss. The present invention will be explained in more detail below using examples. Example sample 1 Ag-Cd (10% by weight)-Sn (2% by weight)-Ni
(0.2% by weight) Sample 2 Ag-Cd (8%) - Sn (5%) Sample 3 Ag-Cd (10%) - Sn (8%) - Bi (1.0%) Sample 4 Ag-Cd (6%) -Sn (6%) -Bi (1.5%) Sample 5 Ag-Cd (8%) -Sn (4%) -Bi (0.5%) Sample 6 Ag-Cd (6%) -Sn (6%) -Bi (0.01%) Sample 7 Ag-Cd (3%)-Sn (2%)-Bi (0.5%) Each of the alloys of the components of Samples 1 to 7 above was melted and cast to form a 3 kg billet, which was heated at
It was preheated to 700°C and hot extruded to form a rod wire with a diameter of 5 mm. This was cut to a length of 5 mm and machined and ground to form a rivet-like contact having a head (2 mm thick and 5 mm in diameter) and a base (3 mm in length and 3 mm in diameter). This is about 50% in 10atmO2 at a temperature of 700℃
Internal oxidation was carried out by holding for a period of time. Sample 2 had black scale on its surface, and a segregated layer of oxide was formed in the center, making internal oxidation impossible. The oxidation structures and surface hardness of the internally oxidized samples except sample 2 were as shown in Table 1.

【表】 試料2を除く内部酸化した上記試料の接点の切
期の抵抗範囲と電磁開閉器を用いたAC−4実器
テスト(3phase AC200V、pf0.5、通電時間0.1
秒、毎分20回開閉)による1万回開閉後の接触抵
抗の範囲と10万回開閉後の消耗量は第2表の通り
であつた。
[Table] AC-4 actual device test using electromagnetic switch and internally oxidized contact resistance range of the above samples with internal oxidation except sample 2 (3 phase AC200V, pf 0.5, energizing time 0.1)
Table 2 shows the range of contact resistance after 10,000 openings and closings (20 openings and closings per minute) and the amount of wear after 100,000 openings and closings.

【表】 第1〜2表から、従来品である試料1と比べて
(同じく従来品である試料2は論外として)本発
明による試料3〜7は酸化組織において優れ、表
面硬度も従来品を上回るか又は同等であり、接触
抵抗が終始安定であり、消耗量が少なくて長い寿
命を有することが分る。
[Table] From Tables 1 and 2, compared to Sample 1, which is a conventional product (Sample 2, which is also a conventional product, is out of the question), Samples 3 to 7 according to the present invention are superior in oxidation structure, and the surface hardness is also better than that of the conventional product. It can be seen that the contact resistance is stable from beginning to end, the amount of wear is small, and the life is long.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 重量比でカドミウム3〜10%、錫2〜8%、
ビスマス0.01〜1.5%、及び残部銀からなる溶解
合金を内部酸化した銀−カドミウム−錫−ビスマ
ス系内部酸化接点材。
1 Cadmium 3-10%, tin 2-8% by weight,
A silver-cadmium-tin-bismuth-based internally oxidized contact material made by internally oxidizing a molten alloy consisting of 0.01 to 1.5% bismuth and the balance silver.
JP57069159A 1982-04-24 1982-04-24 Silver-cadmium-tin-bismuth type internally oxidized composite contact material Granted JPS58185736A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP57069159A JPS58185736A (en) 1982-04-24 1982-04-24 Silver-cadmium-tin-bismuth type internally oxidized composite contact material

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP57069159A JPS58185736A (en) 1982-04-24 1982-04-24 Silver-cadmium-tin-bismuth type internally oxidized composite contact material

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS58185736A JPS58185736A (en) 1983-10-29
JPH0118976B2 true JPH0118976B2 (en) 1989-04-10

Family

ID=13394630

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP57069159A Granted JPS58185736A (en) 1982-04-24 1982-04-24 Silver-cadmium-tin-bismuth type internally oxidized composite contact material

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS58185736A (en)

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4150982A (en) * 1978-03-13 1979-04-24 Chugai Denki Kogyo Kabushiki-Kaisha AG-Metal oxides electrical contact materials containing internally oxidized indium oxides and/or tin oxides

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS58185736A (en) 1983-10-29

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