JPH01225183A - Magnetoresistance element - Google Patents
Magnetoresistance elementInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01225183A JPH01225183A JP63049701A JP4970188A JPH01225183A JP H01225183 A JPH01225183 A JP H01225183A JP 63049701 A JP63049701 A JP 63049701A JP 4970188 A JP4970188 A JP 4970188A JP H01225183 A JPH01225183 A JP H01225183A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic field
- pattern
- parallel
- bias
- external magnetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002747 voluntary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
- H10N50/10—Magnetoresistive devices
Landscapes
- Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
- Hall/Mr Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〈産業上の利用分野〉
本発明は、近接スイッチ等に使用される磁気ヒステリシ
スの少ない磁気抵抗素子に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a magnetoresistive element with little magnetic hysteresis used in proximity switches and the like.
〈従来例および問題点〉
この種の強磁性体薄膜パターンを用いた磁気抵抗素子は
、その素子のパターン要素を構成する磁性薄膜における
結晶格子が消失した後の空孔、不純物による誘導磁気異
方性、粒界応力、等の素材欠陥により生じるとされるエ
ネルギー・障壁、すなわち外部磁界の作用時において磁
壁移動の障害となるエネルギー障壁を越える外部磁界の
大きさに応じて磁化され、この磁化による磁性パターン
の抵抗変化を出力電圧の変化として検出するものである
。<Conventional Examples and Problems> Magnetoresistive elements using this type of ferromagnetic thin film pattern suffer from induced magnetic anisotropy due to vacancies and impurities after the crystal lattice in the magnetic thin film that constitutes the pattern element of the element disappears. It is magnetized according to the magnitude of the external magnetic field that exceeds the energy barrier that is said to be caused by material defects such as grain boundary stress, grain boundary stress, etc., which is an obstacle to domain wall movement when an external magnetic field is applied. The change in resistance of the magnetic pattern is detected as a change in output voltage.
而して、その磁気ヒステリシスを小さくする従来の方法
としては、第7.8図に示すように、パターン基板(l
a)に形成した4個のパターン要素(101) (10
2) (103) (104)の全てについて、それぞ
れの長手直線方向に対して45゜の交差角でバイアス磁
界(81)を生じるように着磁したバイアス磁石(2a
)を積層固定したものが用いられている。ここで、パタ
ーン基板(Ia)の対角隅部(1:10) (140)
とバイアス磁石の対角隅部(150) (160)がそ
れぞれ対応一致するように重層される。(120) (
121) (122) (123)はパターン基板(l
a)の隅部に形成された電極部であり、そのうち(12
0) (122)は人力用、(121) (123)は
出力用である。As a conventional method for reducing the magnetic hysteresis, as shown in Fig. 7.8, a patterned substrate (l
The four pattern elements (101) (10
2) For all of (103) and (104), bias magnets (2a
) are used. Here, the diagonal corner (1:10) of the patterned substrate (Ia) (140)
and the diagonal corners (150) and (160) of the bias magnet are layered so that they correspond to each other. (120) (
121) (122) (123) are patterned substrates (l
This is the electrode part formed at the corner of a), of which (12
0) (122) is for human power, (121) and (123) are for output.
而して、このパターン面に外部磁界((:1)又は(C
2)が作用すると、バイアス磁界(81)との合成磁界
(図示せず)が生じて各パターン要素(101) (1
02) (103) (104)における抵抗が変化し
、その変化は出力用電極部(121) (123)から
の電圧変化として取り出されるものである。Then, an external magnetic field ((:1) or (C
2), a composite magnetic field (not shown) with the bias magnetic field (81) is generated, and each pattern element (101) (1
02) (103) The resistance at (104) changes, and the change is taken out as a voltage change from the output electrode parts (121) (123).
逆に、外部磁界(C1)又は(C2)を消去すると、バ
イアス磁石(2a)による内部磁界が各パターン要素(
101) (102) (103) (104)の全て
に対して平等に45°の角度で略凹−の磁力で作用する
。このとき、各パターン要素(101)〜(104)は
その特質として長子直線部の方向に磁化容易軸を持って
いるので、−律に長手方向に磁化され、磁気的に安定状
態に戻りヒステリシスは生じない。Conversely, when the external magnetic field (C1) or (C2) is erased, the internal magnetic field by the bias magnet (2a)
101) (102) (103) (104) It acts equally on all of (101), (102), (103), and (104) with a substantially concave magnetic force at an angle of 45°. At this time, since each pattern element (101) to (104) has an axis of easy magnetization in the direction of the first straight part, it is normally magnetized in the longitudinal direction, returns to a magnetically stable state, and has no hysteresis. Does not occur.
この場合の磁気抵抗特性が第6図に示されており、かか
る構成の磁気抵抗素子によると、外部磁界の極性の相違
によりその磁界の方向が((:1)又は(C2)のいず
れかに変化するが、その場合の合成磁界の方向が第8図
のパターン要素(101) (103)の長手方向であ
るか、(102) (104)の長手方向であるかによ
って、出力電圧の極性が正、負のいずれかに決定される
ものである。The magnetoresistive characteristics in this case are shown in FIG. 6, and according to the magnetoresistive element with such a configuration, the direction of the magnetic field is either ((:1) or (C2)) due to the difference in the polarity of the external magnetic field. However, the polarity of the output voltage depends on whether the direction of the combined magnetic field is the longitudinal direction of pattern elements (101) (103) or (102) (104) in Fig. 8. It is determined to be either positive or negative.
従って、外部磁界の極性N、Sの相違に関係なくいずれ
かの極性の外部磁界が印加されたときに、常に正、負い
ずれかの同一極性の出力電圧を得たい場合には、適応で
きないものであった。例えば、マグネットエンコーダ等
のように多数の磁石を配設した回転体の回転角検出セン
サとして使用する場合には、外部磁界の極性が交互に作
用するので、素子からは正負の電圧が交互に出力される
こととなるが、外部磁界の作用回数に対する有効検出パ
ルスは弼であり、検出効率の悪いものである。Therefore, if you want to always obtain an output voltage of the same polarity, either positive or negative, when an external magnetic field of either polarity is applied, regardless of the difference in polarity N or S of the external magnetic field, this method cannot be applied. Met. For example, when used as a rotation angle detection sensor for a rotating body equipped with many magnets, such as a magnetic encoder, the polarity of the external magnetic field acts alternately, so positive and negative voltages are output alternately from the element. However, the effective detection pulse for the number of times the external magnetic field acts is small, and the detection efficiency is poor.
そこで、バイアス磁石(2a)を設けずに、パターン面
に対して第8図矢印(DI) (D2)の方向から外部
磁界を作用させると、その磁気抵抗素子の出力電圧特性
は第5(a)、(b)図のようになる。すなわち、この
場合には外部磁界のN、S極性が変化しても、素子から
の電圧は正、負のいずれか一方の極性であり、外部磁界
の作用回数に応じたパルスを全部検出することができる
。Therefore, if an external magnetic field is applied to the pattern surface from the direction of the arrow (DI) (D2) in FIG. ), (b) as shown in the figure. In other words, in this case, even if the N or S polarity of the external magnetic field changes, the voltage from the element has either positive or negative polarity, and all pulses corresponding to the number of times the external magnetic field acts can be detected. Can be done.
しかしながら、このものはバイアス磁界が存在しないの
で、外部磁界の消去時に残留磁束が発生して第5(a)
、(b)図の履歴■■■■のようにヒステリシス曲線を
描くものである。従って、同一外部磁界であっても弱磁
界領域では増加時と減少時とで 検出値に差異が生じて
安定した出力電圧を得られないとともに、外部磁界が弱
小な範囲(P)では逆電圧の出力となるので、パルス検
出のできない不感領域を生じてしまうものである。However, since there is no bias magnetic field in this device, residual magnetic flux is generated when the external magnetic field is erased, resulting in the fifth (a)
, (b) A hysteresis curve is drawn as shown in the history ■■■■ in the figure. Therefore, even if the external magnetic field is the same, in the weak magnetic field region there will be a difference in the detected value when increasing and decreasing, making it impossible to obtain a stable output voltage, and in the range (P) where the external magnetic field is weak, the reverse voltage will change. Since this is an output, a dead area is created where pulse detection is not possible.
く問題点を解決するための手段〉
本発明は、上記の欠点を除去するために提案されたもの
であり、
その目的は、磁気抵抗素子に作用する外部磁界の極性が
N、Sのいずれであっても、正負いずれかの同一・極性
で且つヒステリシスのない出力電圧を発生し、外部磁界
の大小に拘らず漏れなくその変化を検出することのでき
る磁気抵抗素子を提供することにある。Means for Solving the Problems> The present invention has been proposed to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, and its purpose is to solve the above problems regardless of whether the polarity of the external magnetic field acting on the magnetoresistive element is N or S. To provide a magnetoresistive element that can generate an output voltage of the same polarity, either positive or negative, and without hysteresis, and can detect changes in the external magnetic field without omission, regardless of the magnitude of the external magnetic field.
而して、上記の目的は「略四辺形のパターン基板の隅部
に電極部を有し、且つパターン要素がブリッジ接続され
る強磁性薄膜パターンを用いた磁気抵抗素子に右いて、
各辺ごとにパターン面の辺に対して平行な長手直線部を
複数本づつパターン面の中心に向ってジグザグに配設し
た4個のパターン要素と、各パターン要素の長手直線部
の全てに対して平行又は略平行なバイアス磁界を付与す
る位置に配設したバイアス磁石と、からなる磁気抵抗素
子」によって達成される。Therefore, the above purpose is to provide a magnetoresistive element using a ferromagnetic thin film pattern that has electrode portions at the corners of a substantially quadrilateral patterned substrate and in which pattern elements are bridge-connected.
For each side, four pattern elements are arranged in a zigzag manner toward the center of the pattern surface, with multiple longitudinal straight sections parallel to the sides of the pattern surface, and for all of the longitudinal straight sections of each pattern element. and a bias magnet disposed at a position to apply a parallel or substantially parallel bias magnetic field.
〈実施例〉
次に、本発明を第1〜3図に示された一実施例に従って
、更に詳しく説明することとする。<Example> Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail according to an example shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
第1図には本発明に係る磁気抵抗素子
の主要部が分解して示されており、(1)は例えばガラ
ス、セラミック製等の非磁性体材料からなる正方形のパ
ターン基板、(11)(12) (13) (14)は
該パターン基板(1)の各辺に対して平行な長手直線部
を複数本づつパターン面中心に向ってジグザグに配設し
た4個のパターン要素。(15) (16) (17)
(1B)はパターン基板の隅部に配設した電極部であ
り、そのうち(16) (18)は人力用電極、(15
) (17)は出力用電極となフて、上記パターン要素
(11) (12)(13) (14)をブリッジ接続
している。(2)はバイアス磁石であり、対角隅部に同
極が対峙しかつ隣接隅部が異極となる組み合わせで磁石
用プレートの四隅にのみ着磁部(21) (22) (
23)(24)ボ設けられている。FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of the main parts of the magnetoresistive element according to the present invention, in which (1) is a square patterned substrate made of a non-magnetic material such as glass or ceramic, (11) ( 12) (13) (14) are four pattern elements in which a plurality of longitudinal straight portions parallel to each side of the pattern substrate (1) are arranged in a zigzag pattern toward the center of the pattern surface. (15) (16) (17)
(1B) is the electrode part arranged at the corner of the pattern board, of which (16) and (18) are electrodes for human power, and (15)
) (17) serves as an output electrode and bridge-connects the pattern elements (11), (12), (13), and (14). (2) is a bias magnet, which has magnetized parts (21) (22) (21) (22) (
23) (24) Bo is provided.
而して第2図のように、パターン基板(1)とバイアス
磁石(2)を重合して組み立てることにより、各パター
ン要素(11)〜(14)の長手直線部の全てに対して
平行又は略平行なバイアス磁界を付与し得るように設け
ている。As shown in FIG. 2, by assembling the patterned substrate (1) and the bias magnet (2), the pattern elements (11) to (14) are parallel to or parallel to all of the longitudinal straight portions (14). It is provided so that a substantially parallel bias magnetic field can be applied.
従って、パターン要素(11)〜(14)には、その磁
化容易軸である長手直線部に沿った方向にバイアス磁界
が作用して磁化されているため、磁気的に安定な状態に
置かれることとなり、第3図に示すようにパターン要素
(11)〜(14)に対してX軸方向の外部磁界(AI
)またはY軸方向の外部磁界(A2)が印加・消去され
たとき、第4(a)、(b)図に示すように正負いずれ
か一方の極性であって且つヒステリシスのない出力電圧
を発生する。Therefore, the pattern elements (11) to (14) are magnetized by a bias magnetic field acting in the direction along the longitudinal straight portion, which is the axis of easy magnetization, so that the pattern elements (11) to (14) are placed in a magnetically stable state. As shown in FIG. 3, an external magnetic field (AI
) or when an external magnetic field (A2) in the Y-axis direction is applied or removed, an output voltage with either positive or negative polarity and no hysteresis is generated as shown in Figures 4 (a) and (b). do.
なお、本実施例ではパターン基板(1)にバイアス磁石
(2)を重合して組み立てる構成としたが、パターン基
板(1)の素材として非導電性の硬磁性材料を用い、こ
れに上記と同様のバイアス着磁を施すものとしてもよい
、。この場合には、バイアス磁界を持つパターン基板だ
けの−・層構成とすることができので、別部材によるバ
イアス磁石(2)を用いる必要がなく、素子全体の小型
化・薄型化を図ることができるものである。In this example, the bias magnet (2) was assembled onto the patterned substrate (1) by polymerizing it, but a non-conductive hard magnetic material was used as the material for the patterned substrate (1), and the same as above was used. It is also possible to apply bias magnetization. In this case, it is possible to have a layered structure consisting only of a patterned substrate with a bias magnetic field, so there is no need to use a separate bias magnet (2), and the overall device can be made smaller and thinner. It is possible.
く効 果〉
上記の本発明によれば、パターン要素の全ての長手直線
部に沿って平行又は略乎行方向にバイアス磁界が常に作
用しているので、該長手直線部に対して直交方向の外部
磁界が作用するときは、磁壁移動の障害となるエネルギ
ー障壁を越える磁界の大きさに応じて磁化される一方、
上記磁界が消失した時はバイアス磁界が作用しているた
めにエネルギー障壁を乗り越えて磁化は元に戻る。従っ
て、外部磁界の変化に伴なうヒステリシスは生じないの
で、微剥な外部磁界の作用にもよく感応することができ
る。Effect> According to the present invention, since the bias magnetic field always acts in the parallel or substantially longitudinal direction along all the longitudinal straight parts of the pattern element, the bias magnetic field always acts in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal straight parts. When an external magnetic field acts, it becomes magnetized depending on the magnitude of the magnetic field that overcomes the energy barrier that impedes domain wall movement.
When the magnetic field disappears, the bias magnetic field is acting, so the energy barrier is overcome and the magnetization returns to its original state. Therefore, since hysteresis due to changes in the external magnetic field does not occur, it is possible to respond well to the effect of a slight external magnetic field.
更に、素子からの出力電圧の極性は、外部磁界の作用方
向によっては正負の変化が生じるが、磁界の作用方向が
同じであるときは外部磁界のN、S磁極の相違に拘らず
、出力電圧の極性は正負いずれか一方の極性で出力され
るので一定である。従って、この磁気抵抗素子を近接セ
ンサに適用した場合に、検出対象たる外部磁界の着磁ピ
ッチのN、Sごとにパルスを検出できるので、従来のも
のに比べて検出粒度を2倍に高めることができる。Furthermore, the polarity of the output voltage from the element changes between positive and negative depending on the direction of action of the external magnetic field, but when the direction of action of the magnetic field is the same, the output voltage remains unchanged regardless of the difference between the N and S magnetic poles of the external magnetic field. The polarity of is constant because it is output as either positive or negative polarity. Therefore, when this magnetoresistive element is applied to a proximity sensor, pulses can be detected at every N and S of the magnetization pitch of the external magnetic field to be detected, so the detection particle size can be doubled compared to conventional ones. Can be done.
第1図は本発明に係る磁気抵抗素子抵抗素子の主要部の
概略分解斜視図、第2図はその組立てた状態の斜視図、
第3図はその平面図、第4(a)、(b)図はその磁気
抵抗特性グラフ、第5(a)、(b)は従来の磁気抵抗
素子においてバイアス磁石を設けない場合の磁気抵抗特
性グラフ、第6図はバイアス磁石を設けた従来の磁気抵
抗特性グラフ、第7図はバイアス磁石を設けた従来の磁
気抵抗素子の主要部の概略分解斜視図、第8図はその平
面図、である。
(1)−−−−パターン基板、
(11)〜(14)−−−−パターン要素、(2)−−
−−バイアス磁石、
(21)〜(24)−−−一 着磁部、特許出願人
株式会社 日本オートメーショご代理人・弁理士 千
1) 稔第1図
第2図
第3図
第7図
第8図
手続補正書
(自発)
昭和63年 3月 7日FIG. 1 is a schematic exploded perspective view of the main parts of the magnetoresistive resistance element according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the assembled state.
Figure 3 is a plan view of the same, Figures 4 (a) and (b) are graphs of its magnetoresistance characteristics, and Figures 5 (a) and (b) are magnetoresistance when no bias magnet is provided in a conventional magnetoresistive element. Characteristics graph, FIG. 6 is a conventional magnetoresistive characteristic graph provided with a bias magnet, FIG. 7 is a schematic exploded perspective view of the main parts of a conventional magnetoresistive element provided with a bias magnet, and FIG. 8 is a plan view thereof. It is. (1)----Patterned substrate, (11)-(14)---Pattern element, (2)--
--Bias magnet, (21) to (24) ---1 Magnetized part, patent applicant
Japan Automation Co., Ltd. Agent/Patent Attorney 1) Minoru Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 7 Figure 8 Procedural Amendment (Voluntary) March 7, 1988
Claims (1)
つパターン要素がブリッジ接続される強磁性薄膜パター
ンを用いた磁気抵抗素子において、各辺ごとにパターン
面の辺に対して平行な長手直線部を複数本づつパターン
面の中心に向ってジグザグに配設した4個のパターン要
素と、各パターン要素の長手直線部の全てに対して平行
又は略平行なバイアス磁界を付与する位置に配設したバ
イアス磁石と、からなる磁気抵抗素子。 2、バイアス磁石が、パターン基板の四隅に配設され、
かつ対角隅部が同極であって隣接隅部が異極となるよう
に組み合わされてなる前記特許請求の範囲第1項記載の
磁気抵抗素子。[Claims] 1. In a magnetoresistive element using a ferromagnetic thin film pattern that has electrode portions at the corners of a substantially quadrilateral pattern substrate and pattern elements are bridge-connected, the pattern surface is Four pattern elements each having a plurality of longitudinal straight portions parallel to the sides arranged in a zigzag manner toward the center of the pattern surface, and four pattern elements parallel to or approximately parallel to all of the longitudinal straight portions of each pattern element. A magnetoresistive element consisting of a bias magnet placed at a position to apply a bias magnetic field. 2. Bias magnets are arranged at the four corners of the patterned board,
The magnetoresistive element according to claim 1, wherein the diagonal corners are of the same polarity and the adjacent corners are of different polarity.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63049701A JPH07112080B2 (en) | 1988-03-04 | 1988-03-04 | Magnetoresistive element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63049701A JPH07112080B2 (en) | 1988-03-04 | 1988-03-04 | Magnetoresistive element |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01225183A true JPH01225183A (en) | 1989-09-08 |
| JPH07112080B2 JPH07112080B2 (en) | 1995-11-29 |
Family
ID=12838489
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63049701A Expired - Lifetime JPH07112080B2 (en) | 1988-03-04 | 1988-03-04 | Magnetoresistive element |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH07112080B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6356074B1 (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 2002-03-12 | Kabushiki Kaisha Yaskawa Denki | Magnetoresistive detector with multiple bias magnets for biasing its magnetoresistive elements |
| JP2012073034A (en) * | 2010-09-27 | 2012-04-12 | Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd | Power measuring device and power measuring method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4828598A (en) * | 1971-08-16 | 1973-04-16 | ||
| JPS59139689A (en) * | 1983-01-31 | 1984-08-10 | Hitachi Ltd | magnetoresistive element |
-
1988
- 1988-03-04 JP JP63049701A patent/JPH07112080B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4828598A (en) * | 1971-08-16 | 1973-04-16 | ||
| JPS59139689A (en) * | 1983-01-31 | 1984-08-10 | Hitachi Ltd | magnetoresistive element |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6356074B1 (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 2002-03-12 | Kabushiki Kaisha Yaskawa Denki | Magnetoresistive detector with multiple bias magnets for biasing its magnetoresistive elements |
| JP2012073034A (en) * | 2010-09-27 | 2012-04-12 | Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd | Power measuring device and power measuring method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH07112080B2 (en) | 1995-11-29 |
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