JPH01319261A - Alkaline-zinc storage battery - Google Patents

Alkaline-zinc storage battery

Info

Publication number
JPH01319261A
JPH01319261A JP63150551A JP15055188A JPH01319261A JP H01319261 A JPH01319261 A JP H01319261A JP 63150551 A JP63150551 A JP 63150551A JP 15055188 A JP15055188 A JP 15055188A JP H01319261 A JPH01319261 A JP H01319261A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
zinc
plated
current collector
hydrogen
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP63150551A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2589150B2 (en
Inventor
Sanehiro Furukawa
古川 修弘
Kenji Inoue
健次 井上
Mitsuzo Nogami
光造 野上
Mikiaki Tadokoro
田所 幹朗
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sanyo Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP63150551A priority Critical patent/JP2589150B2/en
Publication of JPH01319261A publication Critical patent/JPH01319261A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2589150B2 publication Critical patent/JP2589150B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/24Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
    • H01M4/244Zinc electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To restrict generation of hydrogen and prevent capacity of an alkaline- zinc storage battery from being lowered by plating a metal core with zinc and employing a current collector, which is composed by treating a portion of the plated zinc with ion displacement by the metal having oxidation-reduction potential and larger hydrogen overvoltage than those of zinc, as a zinc electrode. CONSTITUTION:A metal core is plated with zinc. A current collector which is composed by treating a portion of the plated zinc with ion displacement by the metal having oxidation-reduction potential which is more noble than that of zinc and hydrogen overvoltage which is larger than that of zinc is employed as a zinc electrode. Such as indium, thallium, cadmium, tin or lead may be employed as the metal having oxidation-reduction potential larger hydrogen overvoltage than those of zinc. The plated zinc is pure zinc, so that it is self-discharged and hydrogen is generated. Accordingly, when the portion of the plated zinc is treated with ion displacement by the metal having larger hydrogen overvoltage, the generation of hydrogen from the portion of the zinc where is plated is completely restricted.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 イ)産業上の利用分野 本発明は銀−亜鉛蓄電池、ニッケルー亜鉛蓄電池等のよ
うに負極に亜鉛極を用い、電解液にアルカリ水溶液を用
いるアルカリ亜鉛蓄電池に関し、特に亜鉛極に使用する
集電体の改良に関するものである。
Detailed Description of the Invention A) Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to alkaline zinc storage batteries, such as silver-zinc storage batteries and nickel-zinc storage batteries, which use a zinc electrode as a negative electrode and use an alkaline aqueous solution as an electrolyte. This invention relates to improvements in current collectors used in electrodes.

(口1 従来の技術 アルカリ亜鉛蓄電池において、負極活物質としての亜鉛
は、単位重量あたりのエネルギー密度が大きくかつ安価
であるという利点を有する。ところが亜鉛は放電時にア
ルカリ電解液に溶出して亜鉛酸イオンとなり、充電時に
この亜鉛酸イオンが亜鉛極表面に電析すふという充放電
反応を行なう。
(1) In conventional alkaline zinc storage batteries, zinc as a negative electrode active material has the advantages of high energy density per unit weight and low cost. However, zinc is eluted into the alkaline electrolyte during discharge and During charging, the zincate ions undergo a charging/discharging reaction in which they are deposited on the surface of the zinc electrode.

その結果、この亜鉛極の電析電位が水素発生電位より電
気化学的に卑なため、充電時や放置時に負極から水素が
発生し、電池内部圧力を高める欠点がある。
As a result, since the electrodeposition potential of this zinc electrode is electrochemically less noble than the hydrogen generation potential, hydrogen is generated from the negative electrode during charging or when the battery is left unused, which has the disadvantage of increasing the internal pressure of the battery.

ここで活物質上からの水素発生を抑制する方法としては
、従来より亜鉛活物質に水銀やカドミウム等の水素過電
圧を高める物質を添加する方法が提案されている。これ
により、活物質上からの水素発生はかなり抑制されるが
活物質を支持する集電体上からの水素発生を抑えること
はできない。
Here, as a method of suppressing hydrogen generation from the active material, a method of adding a substance that increases hydrogen overvoltage, such as mercury or cadmium, to the zinc active material has been proposed. Although this considerably suppresses hydrogen generation from above the active material, hydrogen generation from above the current collector supporting the active material cannot be suppressed.

集電体面から水素が発生すると、電池内圧が上昇し、液
モレの原因となるばかりか、集電体と活物質が剥離し、
電池の容量低下を招く原因となる。
When hydrogen is generated from the current collector surface, the internal pressure of the battery increases, which not only causes liquid leakage, but also causes the current collector and active material to separate.
This causes a decrease in battery capacity.

この対策としてたとえば特開昭48−13830号公報
では、水素過電圧が低い集電体を用いることによる自己
放電を防止するために、水素過電圧が比較的高いカドミ
ウム、水銀、鉛、スズ等をメッキした集電体に、亜鉛活
物質を塗着した亜鉛極が提案されており、これにより集
電体上からの水素発生が抑制される。
As a countermeasure against this problem, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 13830/1983, in order to prevent self-discharge due to the use of a current collector with a low hydrogen overvoltage, cadmium, mercury, lead, tin, etc., which have a relatively high hydrogen overvoltage, are plated. A zinc electrode in which a zinc active material is coated on the current collector has been proposed, and this suppresses hydrogen generation from the current collector.

t/i  発明が解決しようとする課題水素過電圧が高
い金属を、集電体にメッキすることにより、集電体上か
らの水素発生抑制の効果は認められるが、水素過電圧が
高いこれらの金属は亜鉛と固溶しやすいという性質があ
る。このため充電時に亜鉛が集電体に電着すると、メッ
キされた金属が亜鉛と固溶し、前記メッキがはがれ、そ
の結果活物質と集電体との密着性が低下するという問題
点があった。
t/i Problems to be Solved by the Invention Although the effect of suppressing hydrogen generation from the current collector is recognized by plating metals with high hydrogen overvoltage on the current collector, these metals with high hydrogen overvoltage It has the property of easily forming a solid solution with zinc. Therefore, when zinc is electrodeposited on the current collector during charging, the plated metal forms a solid solution with the zinc, causing the plating to peel off, resulting in a problem in that the adhesion between the active material and the current collector decreases. Ta.

本発明はかかる問題点に鑑みてなされたものであって、
集電体上からの水素発生を抑制し、集電体と活物質との
密着性の向上を計ることを課題とする。
The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and includes:
The goal is to suppress hydrogen generation from above the current collector and improve the adhesion between the current collector and the active material.

に)課題を解決するための手段 本発明のアルカリ亜鉛蓄電池は、金属芯体に亜鉛メッキ
を施し、メッキされた亜鉛の一部を、亜鉛より酸化還元
電位が貴であり、かつ水素過電圧の大きな金属で一部イ
オン置換した集電体を亜鉛極に用いることを特徴とする
ものである。ここで前記亜鉛より酸化還元電位が貴であ
り、かつ水素(ホ)作 用 メッキされた亜鉛は純亜鉛であるので、アルカリ水溶液
中に浸すと水素発生をともなう自己放電がおきbが、水
素過電圧の大きな金属でその一部をイオン置換させると
、メッキされた亜鉛部分からの水素発生は完全に抑えら
れる。
2) Means for Solving the Problems The alkaline zinc storage battery of the present invention has a metal core plated with zinc, and a part of the plated zinc is used as a metal core having a nobler oxidation-reduction potential than zinc and a large hydrogen overvoltage. It is characterized by using a current collector partially substituted with metal ions for the zinc electrode. Here, since the oxidation-reduction potential is nobler than that of the zinc mentioned above, and the hydrogen (e)-plated zinc is pure zinc, self-discharge accompanied by hydrogen generation occurs when immersed in an alkaline aqueous solution, and the hydrogen overvoltage If part of the zinc is ion-replaced with a large metal, hydrogen generation from the plated zinc part can be completely suppressed.

また充電反応により、電着する亜鉛と一部をイオン置換
され九亜鉛メッキ部分との密着性は良く活物質と集電体
との剥離は生じない。
In addition, due to the charging reaction, some of the electrodeposited zinc is ion-replaced, and the adhesion between the nine zinc plated parts is good and no peeling occurs between the active material and the current collector.

これらの理由により、長期充電放置を行なっても、特性
低下のない亜鉛極が得られる。
For these reasons, a zinc electrode with no deterioration in characteristics can be obtained even after being left uncharged for a long period of time.

集電体からの水素発生を抑えるという観点からは、亜鉛
と水素過電圧の大きい金属の共析メッキを施こすという
方法においても、同様の効果は得られるが、水素過電圧
の大きな金属、たとえばインジウムやタリウムと亜鉛と
の共析メッキで得られる表面は、きわめて平滑であり、
このために活物質と11電体との密着性が低下するとい
う問題点がある。これに対し、亜鉛メッキを施こした後
に水素過電圧の大きな金属でイオン置換した集電体表面
はポーラスであり、活物質と集電体との機械的密着性も
優れているという特徴がある。
From the perspective of suppressing hydrogen generation from the current collector, the same effect can be obtained by applying eutectoid plating of zinc and a metal with a large hydrogen overvoltage, but if metals with a large hydrogen overvoltage, such as indium or The surface obtained by eutectoid plating of thallium and zinc is extremely smooth.
For this reason, there is a problem in that the adhesion between the active material and the 11-electrode body decreases. On the other hand, the surface of the current collector, which is ion-substituted with a metal having a large hydrogen overvoltage after galvanizing, is porous and has excellent mechanical adhesion between the active material and the current collector.

(へ)実施例 以下に本発明の詳細な説明すふ。(f) Example Below is a detailed description of the invention.

まず最初に金属芯体としてのパンチングニッケル板の表
面に、厚さ3μmの亜鉛メッキを施した。
First, the surface of a punched nickel plate serving as a metal core was galvanized to a thickness of 3 μm.

次にこの亜鉛メッキを施したパンチングニッケル板を、
それぞれ0.01モルの塩化第二タリウム水溶液、O,
OSモルの塩化インジウム水溶液、0゜05モルのスズ
酸ナトリウム水溶液に浸漬させてした集電体、C:亜鉛
メッキの一部をスズで置換した集電体を得た。
Next, this galvanized punched nickel plate is
0.01 mol thallium chloride aqueous solution, O,
A current collector was obtained by immersing it in an OS mole indium chloride aqueous solution and a 0.05 mole sodium stannate aqueous solution.C: A current collector in which a part of the zinc plating was replaced with tin.

次いで酸化亜鉛粉末80重量部、金属亜鉛粉末10重1
1品、添加剤としての酸化カドミウム10重量部及び結
着剤としての耐アルカリ性撲水性のフッ素樹脂粉末5重
量部からなる混合粉末に、水を加えて混練し、フッ素樹
脂を繊維化した後圧延してシートを得、このシートを前
記集電体の両面に圧着させた、本発明に係る亜鉛極a%
b%Cを得た。
Next, 80 parts by weight of zinc oxide powder, 10 parts by weight of metal zinc powder
1 product: Water is added to a mixed powder consisting of 10 parts by weight of cadmium oxide as an additive and 5 parts by weight of alkali-resistant fluororesin powder as a binder, the fluororesin is made into fibers, and then rolled. A zinc electrode a% according to the present invention was obtained by pressing the sheet onto both sides of the current collector.
b%C was obtained.

また比較例としてメッキを施していない集電体、インジ
ウムメッキを施した集電体、亜鉛メッキを施してイオン
置換を行なっていない集電体、亜鉛インジウム共析メッ
キを行なった集電体を用いて同様に亜鉛極を作成し、比
較亜鉛極d、θ、f、gとした。
In addition, as comparative examples, a current collector without plating, a current collector with indium plating, a current collector with zinc plating without ion replacement, and a current collector with zinc-indium eutectoid plating were used. Zinc electrodes were prepared in the same manner as comparative zinc electrodes d, θ, f, and g.

これらの亜鉛極a−g、周知の焼結式ニッケル極を組み
合わせ、円筒形のニッケル4蛇電池を、−条件につき1
0セWずつ作成した。そしてそれぞれ本発明電池A、B
%C1比較電池り、E、F、Gとした。次にこれらの電
池すべてについて、深[100%の充放電サイクルを1
0サイクル行なった後、電池容量の測定を行なった。こ
の時の電池容量については、どの条件の電池もほとんど
同じてあった。
Combining these zinc electrodes a-g with well-known sintered nickel electrodes, a cylindrical nickel 4-segment battery is formed, one for each condition.
I created 0 SEW each. and batteries A and B of the present invention, respectively.
%C1 comparison batteries were designated as E, F, and G. All of these batteries were then subjected to deep [100% charge/discharge cycles for one
After 0 cycles, the battery capacity was measured. The battery capacity at this time was almost the same for all batteries under all conditions.

更にこの後電池を満充電の状態にして40℃の温度下に
1カ月間保存し、容量残存率と漏液のセル数を調べた。
Further, the batteries were then fully charged and stored at a temperature of 40° C. for one month, and the remaining capacity and the number of leaking cells were examined.

尚、サンプル数は1oセルずつで行った。その結果を第
1表に示す。
Note that the number of samples was 10 cells each. The results are shown in Table 1.

以下余白 本発明電池A、B、0の容量残存率はいずれも約60%
で、この値は主にニッケル正極の自己放電による値と一
致する。一方、比較電池り、E、F、Gの容量残存率は
、この値より小さく、電池の自己放電量は亜鉛極に支配
されていることが理解される。また本発明電池A、 B
%Cについては漏液はみられなかったが、比較電池D%
E%Fについては、それぞれ5セル、2セル、5セルの
漏液が観察された。これは比較電池り、E、Fは、自己
放電による集電体からの水素発生量が多いために、内圧
が上昇し、漏液したものと考えられる。
The remaining capacity of Batteries A, B, and 0 of the present invention is approximately 60%.
This value is mainly consistent with the value due to self-discharge of the nickel positive electrode. On the other hand, the remaining capacity rates of comparative batteries E, F, and G are smaller than this value, and it is understood that the self-discharge amount of the batteries is controlled by the zinc electrode. In addition, the batteries A and B of the present invention
No leakage was observed for %C, but for comparison battery D%
Regarding E%F, leakage was observed in 5 cells, 2 cells, and 5 cells, respectively. This is considered to be because the comparative batteries E and F produced a large amount of hydrogen from the current collector due to self-discharge, which caused the internal pressure to rise and cause leakage.

次に、40℃で1力月間の放置を行なった電池A−Gに
ついて、更に10サイクルの充放電を行ない、再度容量
を測定して、初期時の値を100として比較した。その
結果を第2表に示す。
Next, batteries A to G that had been left at 40° C. for one month were further charged and discharged for 10 cycles, and the capacities were measured again and compared with the initial value as 100. The results are shown in Table 2.

以下余白 第2表 第2表の結果より、本発明電池A、−,Cは、はとんど
初期時の電池容量と変わらないのに対し、比較電池D−
Gの容量は、初期時の値より低下しているのが認められ
る。これは比較電池り、Gの比較亜鉛極d−Gが、高温
放置時に集電体表面から水素を発生し、これが原因とな
って集電体と活物質が一部剥離したことに起因すると考
えられる。
From the results in Table 2 in Table 2 below, it can be seen that the battery capacity of the batteries A, -, and C of the present invention is almost the same as the initial battery capacity, while the capacity of the comparative battery D-
It is observed that the capacity of G is lower than the initial value. This is thought to be due to the comparison zinc electrode d-G of the comparison battery G generating hydrogen from the surface of the current collector when left at high temperatures, which caused the current collector and active material to partially peel off. It will be done.

尚、金属芯体に施された亜鉛メッキの厚みとしては3μ
m以上が必要であり、これより薄いと亜鉛メッキの効果
が十分に得られなくなる。
The thickness of the galvanized metal core is 3μ.
m or more, and if it is thinner than this, the effect of galvanizing will not be sufficiently obtained.

(ト1 発明の効果 本発明のアルカリ亜鉛蓄電池は、高温下に長期間放置し
ても水素発生が抑制され、電池容量の低下がなく、安定
した特性を有するものであり、その工業的価値はきわめ
て大きい。
(G1. Effects of the Invention The alkaline zinc storage battery of the present invention suppresses hydrogen generation even if it is left at high temperatures for a long period of time, does not reduce battery capacity, and has stable characteristics. Its industrial value is Extremely large.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)金属芯体に亜鉛メッキを施し、メッキされた亜鉛
の一部を、亜鉛より酸化還元電位が貴であり、かつ水素
過電圧の大きな金属で一部イオン置換した集電体を亜鉛
極に用いることを特徴とするアルカリ亜鉛蓄電池。
(1) A current collector whose metal core is galvanized and a portion of the plated zinc is ion-replaced with a metal whose oxidation-reduction potential is nobler than that of zinc and whose hydrogen overvoltage is large is used as a zinc electrode. An alkaline zinc storage battery characterized in that it is used.
JP63150551A 1988-06-17 1988-06-17 Alkaline zinc storage battery Expired - Fee Related JP2589150B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63150551A JP2589150B2 (en) 1988-06-17 1988-06-17 Alkaline zinc storage battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63150551A JP2589150B2 (en) 1988-06-17 1988-06-17 Alkaline zinc storage battery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH01319261A true JPH01319261A (en) 1989-12-25
JP2589150B2 JP2589150B2 (en) 1997-03-12

Family

ID=15499349

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP63150551A Expired - Fee Related JP2589150B2 (en) 1988-06-17 1988-06-17 Alkaline zinc storage battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2589150B2 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998028805A1 (en) * 1996-12-23 1998-07-02 Aer Energy Resources, Inc. Mercury-free zinc anode for electrochemical cell and method for making same
KR20090109550A (en) * 2007-02-12 2009-10-20 파워지닉스 시스템즈, 인코포레이티드 Metallic zinc-based current collector
JP2015525832A (en) * 2012-07-19 2015-09-07 ベクター コロージョン テクノロジーズ エルティーディー. Corrosion prevention using sacrificial anode
CN114864950A (en) * 2022-05-24 2022-08-05 山东合泰新能源有限公司 Electrode current collector, preparation method thereof and zinc-nickel battery

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998028805A1 (en) * 1996-12-23 1998-07-02 Aer Energy Resources, Inc. Mercury-free zinc anode for electrochemical cell and method for making same
US6221530B1 (en) 1996-12-23 2001-04-24 Aer Energy Resources, Inc. Mercury-free zinc anode for electromechanical cell and method for making same
KR20090109550A (en) * 2007-02-12 2009-10-20 파워지닉스 시스템즈, 인코포레이티드 Metallic zinc-based current collector
JP2010518585A (en) * 2007-02-12 2010-05-27 パワージェニックス システムズ, インコーポレーテッド Zinc metal current collector
US8940430B2 (en) 2007-02-12 2015-01-27 Powergenix Systems, Inc. Metallic zinc-based current collector
JP2015525832A (en) * 2012-07-19 2015-09-07 ベクター コロージョン テクノロジーズ エルティーディー. Corrosion prevention using sacrificial anode
CN114864950A (en) * 2022-05-24 2022-08-05 山东合泰新能源有限公司 Electrode current collector, preparation method thereof and zinc-nickel battery

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