JPH0145522B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a hot air generator using wood-based powder and granules as fuel.

As a countermeasure to high oil prices due to the depletion of petroleum resources, a shift to alternative energy is gaining momentum, and unused wood resources are attracting attention as one of these alternative energies. This unused wood resource includes bark, chips, sawdust, sawdust, rice husks,
Waste wood such as wheat straw, thinned wood, scrapped ships, construction waste, and waste wood furniture, etc., has an effective calorific value of 4500~
It has the merits of being 5000 Kcal, abundant in resources, easy to obtain, and inexpensive, and low in sulfur and less likely to cause pollution.
There is growing momentum to turn it into a fuel.

However, this type of wood resource is generally hygroscopic and often contains a large amount of water on its surface and in its structure, and because it is powder-like or small-sized, it is prone to self-extinguishing due to clogging. Therefore, since it is difficult to process by bulk input, and self-extinguishment is likely to occur due to clogging with residual ash, it is possible to easily and efficiently burn this type of wood waste to extract energy. There was a problem of not having the equipment.

As a countermeasure for this, to improve air flow and prevent clogging of ash, bark, sawmill waste,
A method of using thinned wood, etc., as fuel after completely drying it, pulverizing it, and processing it into pellets of a specific shape is also being considered, but this requires complicated processes such as drying and high-pressure, high-temperature molding, and fairly large-scale equipment. This resulted in high costs and poor practicality.

The present invention was devised after repeated research in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its basic purpose is to simply input all types of wood waste containing a large amount of water in one batch without having to process it into pellets. The object of the present invention is to provide a hot air generator with a simple structure that can stably and continuously burn this hot air and supply it as clean energy.

Another object of the present invention is to directly extract the moisture in the raw materials as steam, and use this to increase combustion efficiency, as well as to create a large amount of unburned material that is temporarily generated when the amount of materials input at once is reduced. It is an object of the present invention to provide the above-mentioned hot air generator capable of smoothly and completely burning gas without releasing it to the outside.

In order to achieve this objective, the present invention basically adopts a gasification-gas combustion method using internal heat carbonization, and furthermore, it prevents clogging of equipment due to carbide and ash due to the fuel characteristics of powdery form, and reduces the supply of combustion air. The special structure of the internal combustion section solves the occurrence of unstable phenomena such as black smoke and the odor of unburned gas due to insufficient heat, and the combination of this structure and the special structure inside the storage tank eliminates moisture generated from water-containing materials. This is to ensure effective utilization and to prevent the generation of black smoke due to unburned gas at the end of work.

That is, the present invention provides a cylindrical structure in which a storage tank having a material input port is superimposed on a lower tank having an ash removal port, and swash plates are stretched at intervals over the entire circumference in the boundary area between the storage tank and the lower tank. In addition to rotatably disposing the cylindrical rostol, an air supply section is provided on the side of the cylindrical rostol, and wood powder and granules are deposited through the swash plate of the cylindrical rostol in a stationary state. The carbonized gas is sequentially dried and gasified using radiant heat from the air supply section, and the carbonized gas is flowed through a swash plate into a cylindrical rostrum where heat is stored and heated to a high temperature, resulting in complete gas combustion and thermal decomposition. The present invention is characterized in that the ash content is removed and the unburned content is stirred and transferred by appropriately rotating the cylindrical rooster.

In addition to the above configuration, the present invention also provides a pneumatic pipe in which the opening at the lower end is directed toward the cylindrical rostrum in the storage tank, and a steam suction hole is provided in the upper half of the pneumatic pipe, in a portion corresponding to the drying zone of the storage tank. The steam generated from the material in the drying zone is collected from the steam suction hole into the air supply pipe and raised in temperature during the descent, mixed with residual gas in the cylindrical rostre and burned, and the material source in the storage tank is Another feature is that when the gas is low, the unburned gas is collected and sent into the cylindrical rostre using a ground draft method for complete combustion.

The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 to 5 show an example of a hot air generator using wood-based powder or granules as fuel according to the present invention. Reference numeral 1 denotes a lower tank whose outer surface is surrounded by a water cooling jacket 6, and a base 7. It is designed to be installed on the ground, and there is a hot air outlet pipe 8 on one side.
are installed in series and connected to necessary areas such as cultivation, fish farming, and indoor heating. Also, lower tank 1
An ash outlet 9 is formed on the other side, and an opening/closing door 10 having a viewing window 11 is attached to the ash outlet 9.

Reference numeral 2 denotes a cylindrical storage tank installed over the lower tank 1. A lid body 12 having an input port 13 is attached to the upper part, and an opening 14 formed in the ceiling of the lower tank 1 is attached to the bottom part. It communicates with the inside of the lower tank 15 via. This storage tank 2 is a member for storing, drying, and carbonizing materials.

Reference numeral 3 designates a cylindrical rotor that is a feature of the present invention, and includes a pair of opposing end plates 16, 16, a number of swash plates 17 whose longitudinal ends are connected between the end plates 16, 16, and the end plates 16, 16. It consists of a support shaft 18 passing through the center via a support shaft 16. Each of the swash plates 16
has a predetermined inclination angle α (generally 30 to 50°) with respect to the center line in the vertical or horizontal direction as shown in the figure, and as a whole, it has an impeller shape as shown in Figure 5, when viewed from the vertical direction. The plate width and spacing are set so that the rear swash plate always overlaps the front swash plate.

Such a cylindrical rotor 3 is supported in a hollow shape by inserting a support shaft 18 into bearings 19, 19 installed internally in the boundary area between the storage tank 2 and the lower tank 1 and provided externally in the area. It can be rotated as appropriate by a handle 20 provided at the end of the shaft 18 or by a drive source such as a motor or cylinder (not shown).
A gas component flow path 21 is formed between the swash plates 17, and a heat storage gas combustion chamber 22 is formed in the hollow portion surrounded by the swash plate 17.

Although the support shaft 18 may be solid, it is preferably hollow so that fluids such as air and water can be conducted therethrough, and even more preferably as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. As shown, the end plate 16,1
A nozzle hole 33 is formed in the shaft portion between 6 and one end of the support shaft 18 is connected to an air supply source, and air is jetted from this nozzle hole during operation to promote gas combustion in the combustion chamber. It is something. In this way, air cooling of the support shaft 18 is also achieved.

Reference numeral 4 denotes an air supply section for the internal heating section, which is inserted and fixed in the vicinity of the cylindrical rooster 3, that is, in the storage tank part on the upper half side of the cylindrical rooster 3, so that its axial direction is directed toward the cylindrical rooster 3. The supply port 23 is formed at a required angle .beta. of about 30 degrees with respect to the horizontal, and a movable shutter 25 for adjusting the supply amount is attached to the intake port 24 on the back.

Reference numeral 5 denotes a heat exchange means installed on the upper surface of the lower tank 1 or outside the lower tank 1, which is partially connected to the lower tank 1 or the hot air outlet pipe 8, and water pipes 26 are formed inside at intervals. At the same time, an exhaust pipe 27 is provided on the upper side. A water cooling jacket 6 is connected to a part of the water pipe 26 through a connecting pipe.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show another embodiment of the present invention, in which the cylindrical rostol 3 is rotatably installed in the boundary area between the lower tank 1 and the storage tank 2 as described above, and
A lower end opening 29 is formed in the radial direction of the cylindrical rooster 3, preferably in the center of the storage tank 2.
Several pneumatic pipes 28 are provided oriented toward the outer periphery of the
A steam suction hole 30 is provided in the upper half of the pneumatic pipe 28, particularly in a portion corresponding to the drying zone within the storage tank. The pneumatic pipe 28 may be attached to the storage tank 2 at any time, for example, it may be suspended from the bottom surface of the lid 12 via a support material, or it may be provided with stays formed in the radial direction of the pneumatic pipe as shown in the figure. It may be connected to the inner surface of the storage tank. Other structures are similar to those of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, and therefore are designated by the same reference numerals.

The entire device is preferably hot-dip galvanized, and the cylindrical rostle is preferably made of a heat-resistant alloy. Depending on the case, multiple cylindrical rostles may be installed in parallel or in series. Of course.

Since the present invention has the above-mentioned configuration, in use, any wood-based powder or granules such as chips, bark, wood shavings, sawdust, rice husks, or even those generated from household life can be fed into the storage tank from the inlet 13. General garbage and coal powder are thrown in all at once. At this time, since the cylindrical roaster 3 with the swash plate 17 stretched around its circumferential surface is located at the bottom of the storage, the bridging phenomenon via the swash plate 17 prevents it from falling into the lower tank 1. The materials to be input are stored and deposited using the cylindrical Roster 3 as the bottom. Before starting work, igniting material is charged near the cylindrical rostre 3, and while feeding the required amount of internal combustion air through the air supply section 4, the igniting material is ignited and burned using an ignition burner, etc., and the cylindrical rostol 3 is heated. It is preferable to preheat.

In the above manner, radiant heat is supplied in a distributed manner through the heated swash plate 17 of the cylindrical roaster 3, and as a result, the surrounding materials start to gasify, and the generated organic gases such as CH gas and CO are Together with the air from above, it flows through the flow path 21 between the swash plates 17, 17 into the heat storage hot gas combustion chamber 22 in the cylindrical rooster. When air is supplied to the support shaft 18 at the same time, this air becomes high temperature and is blown into the gas combustion chamber 22 from the nozzle hole 33, mixes with the organic gas and causes vigorous gas combustion, causing the cylinder to burn. The inside of the Roster is a heat-storing, high-temperature atmosphere. Therefore, the material around the cylindrical rotor 3 is rapidly gasified by its radiant heat, and the solid content remaining after gasification is mainly oxidized (internal combustion) in the front zone of the air supply section 4. Since the upper part of the generated organic gas is closed by the moist material layer, it flows into the cylindrical rostre 3 in a swirling manner through the swash plates 17, 17, and some of the air flows diagonally upward into the cylindrical rostrum 3. From swash plate 17, 17
The air is reflected on the front and back sides of the air and flows into the cylindrical rooster in a zigzag pattern, where it mixes with air from the nozzle hole 33. Therefore, the organic gas and air are mixed very well, and the organic gas is thermally decomposed efficiently during the short time it passes through the cylindrical rooster.

Thus, during operation, an internal combustion zone C is formed around the cylindrical rooster 3 as shown in Fig. 8, and since the radiant heat of this internal combustion zone C acts upward in sequence, a gasification zone B is formed in the upper layer, and furthermore, the radiant heat of this internal combustion zone C acts upward. A drying zone A is formed above and gradually descends as the volume decreases due to internal combustion. This means that materials containing 40 to 50% moisture can be processed smoothly, and materials that have become smooth due to dry gasification are prevented from falling by the swash plates 17, 17 of the cylindrical roaster 3, and remain in that position. Oki burns. Incidentally, there is no problem because the material falling through the flow path 21 between the swash plates 17 and 17 is decomposed and burned by radiant heat in the cylindrical rooster or in the lower tank 1.

As described above, the powdery materials with high moisture content are put into the storage tank 2, where they are sequentially dried, gasified, and gas-combusted, resulting in continuous smokeless, odorless, and complete combustion. The draft produces clean, high-temperature hot air that is supplied to heating equipment and other necessary equipment such as culturing, fish farming, and sericulture. In the illustrated case, it is inserted into a heat exchange means 5, where hot water or steam is generated by heat exchange.

However, if the combustion material is powder or granules, if the grate is coarse, the material will fall without being burned, and if the grate is narrow, carbide and ash will easily clog the grate.
This impeded air permeability and caused incomplete combustion, which was a problem, but in the present invention, the cylindrical rostre 3 with the swash plates 17, 17 stretched at a predetermined angle is used, so that the front and rear wraps can be prevented. Swash plate 17, 17
The receiving action effectively prevents the unburned fuel from falling straight down. In addition, the cylindrical rotor 3 can be rotated manually or automatically via a timer or the like at appropriate intervals (for example, every minute or every 10 minutes) depending on the moisture content and particle size of the material. Vibration is applied to the carbide and ash generated in the internal combustion zone C by the rotation, and the charcoal and ash are forcibly removed from between the swash plates 17, 17. Therefore, clogging is completely prevented,
Moreover, at the same time, the materials from which moisture has been removed in the upper drying zone can be sequentially lowered into the gasification zone at a predetermined speed and amount without causing any shelving. Furthermore, each time the cylindrical rooster 3 rotates, the gasification material located on the opposite side of the air supply section 4 is transferred to the swash plate 1.
7 and 17, the material will be burned here in place of the combustible material that has moved toward the air supply section and fallen, and the material will not remain in the same position for a long period of time. Therefore, in the present invention, ash remains, compaction, and failure of sedimentation of the upper material, which cause combustion problems, do not occur, and combustible organic gas is continuously supplied to the combustion chamber 22 in the circular rooster under uniform conditions even though it is a bulk injection method. This allows for extremely good gas combustion and hot air generation to continue. In addition, the rotation of the cylindrical Rostr 3 is 0.25~ per minute.
It may be continuous at a low speed such as 0.5 rotations,
It may be intermittent.

Furthermore, when the pneumatic pipe 28 is inserted into the storage tank 2 as in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 6 and 7,
During operation, not only can secondary air for combustion be effectively supplied from the pneumatic pipe 28 to the combustion chamber 22 in the cylindrical rooster, but also moisture in the material that has been removed in the drying zone A and turned into steam by the internal combustion carbonization method can be effectively supplied. is continuously collected into the pneumatic pipe 28 through the steam suction hole 30, and furthermore, since this pneumatic pipe 28 reaches the gasification zone B, it is heated and becomes high-temperature steam while passing through this zone. Feed pipe 2
8 through the swash plates 17, 17 and into the combustion chamber 22 in the cylindrical rooster, where it is mixed with the carbonized combustible gas. This allows the cylindrical Rostr 3
Because the water gas reaction occurs in the high-temperature atmosphere, combustion efficiency is significantly improved, making it possible to generate and supply high-quality hot air.

Furthermore, when the material put into storage tank 2 is converted into hot air from the lower layer and the amount of material in the tank decreases, a large amount of unburned gas is temporarily generated, which may remain in the storage tank or as black smoke outside. However, in the present invention, since the pneumatic pipe 28 that directs the cylindrical rostol 3 is installed vertically in the storage tank in a hollow shape, the generated unburned gas can be effectively removed by the suction effect using the downdraft system. It is possible to collect air and send it into the combustion chamber 22 in the cylindrical rooster for complete combustion, and therefore all the materials in the storage tank can be hot-aired efficiently without any pollution.

It should be noted that it is possible to use the present invention as a combustor and release combustion gas as it is without extracting hot air, and it is of course possible to use pelletized materials. Furthermore, although the present invention is suitable for wood-based powder and granular materials,
It is not strictly necessary to use powder or granules; flake-like materials such as vegetable scraps and chips can also be used, and even if they contain coal powder, etc., they can be used satisfactorily.

According to the present invention as described above, the storage tank 2 having the input port 13 is installed upright in the lower tank 1 having the ash take-out port 9, and the air supply part 4 is provided almost in the boundary area between the storage tank 2 and the lower tank 1. A cylindrical rostol 3 with a large number of swash plates 17 stretched at intervals in the axial direction is rotatably installed inside the tank, and the wood-based powder and granules put into the storage tank are deposited on the cylindrical rostol 3 and the bottom. The ash is sequentially dried and gasified using radiant heat from the cylindrical rostre, and the carbonized gas is combusted in the cylindrical rostre through the swash plate 17, and the remaining ash is vibrated by the rotation of the cylindrical rostol 3, so that it is sieved into the lower tank. Therefore, the cylindrical rostol 3 prevents material from falling when it is stationary, the radiant heat dispersion and supply function for dry gasification, the high temperature heat storage combustion effect, and the ash removal effect of the cylindrical rostol 3 when it rotates. It can burn things smoothly and generate hot air.

Further, the present invention provides a pneumatic pipe 28 in the storage tank 2, forms a steam suction hole 30 in the upper half of the pipe, and makes the lower end of the pipe face the cylindrical roistle 3. By supplying secondary combustion air to the combustion chamber inside the document, raising the temperature of moisture evaporated from the materials, and supplying the moisture to the combustion chamber, the moisture absorbed in the materials can be effectively utilized for combustion. Not only can the efficiency be significantly improved, but also the unburned gas can be successfully and completely combusted even when the amount of material in the storage tank is decreasing.

Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to successfully convert various wood-based powders and granules that still contain a large amount of moisture into fuel without pre-treatment such as pelletization, and continuously and stably supply the fuel as hot air. Excellent effects such as a simple, compact, and inexpensive device can be obtained.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway side view showing an embodiment of a hot air generator using wood-based powder as fuel according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a rear view thereof, and FIG. 3 is a plan view thereof. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the cylindrical rostre according to the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view thereof.
FIG. 6 is a partially cutaway side view showing another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 7 is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing the operation of the device of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Lower tank, 2... Storage tank, 3... Cylindrical roost, 4... Air supply section, 5... Heat exchange means, 9...
...Ash outlet, 17...Swash plate, 18...Spindle, 28
...Pneumatic pipe, 30...Steam absorption hole, 33...
Nozzle hole.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An inlet 13 on the lower tank 1 having an ash outlet 9
A storage tank 2 having a storage tank 2 and a lower tank 1 are arranged in series, and an air supply section 4 is inserted near the boundary between the storage tank 2 and the lower tank 1, and
In the axial direction of the air supply section 4, a cylindrical rostol 3 having a number of swash plates 17 stretched at intervals around the outer periphery is rotatably attached, and the wood powder and granules introduced are transferred to the swash plate of the cylindrical rostol 3. The carbonized gas produced in the gasification section is passed through the gap between the swash plates and combusted in the combustion chamber 22 in the cylindrical roost.
Further, the residual ash generated in the internal combustion section around the altitude rostle is caused to fall from between the swash plates 17 into the lower tank 1 by the rotation of the cylindrical rostle 3. Wood-based powder and granular materials are used as fuel. Hot air supply device. 2 Above the lower tank 1 having the ash outlet 9, there is an inlet 1
A storage tank 2 having a storage tank 3 is installed in series, and this storage tank 2 is connected to a lower tank 1.
An air supply section 4 is inserted near the boundary of the air supply section 4, and a cylindrical rostol 3 having a large number of swash plates 17 stretched at intervals around the outer periphery is rotatably attached in the axial direction of the air supply section 4. In the storage tank, a pneumatic pipe 28 having a steam suction hole 30 in the upper half portion and a lower end opening 29 facing the cylindrical roistle 3 is provided,
The wood-based powder and granules that have been introduced are transferred to a cylindrical roaster 3.
The carbonization gas generated in the gasification section is supplied into the cylindrical roost through the gap between the swash plates 17, and the drying The water vapor generated from the wood-based powder and granules in the process is supplied into the cylindrical rostre through the pneumatic pipe 28, and is mixed and combusted together with the air from the air supply section 4,
Hot air supply using wood-based powder and granular materials as fuel, characterized in that residual ash generated in the internal combustion section around the rostol is caused to fall from between the swash plates 17 into the lower tank 1 by the rotation of the cylindrical rostol 3. Device. 3 The swash plates 17, 17 are aligned with the center line inside the rostre.
Claim 1 having an inclination of 30 to 50 degrees
A hot air supply device using the wood-based powder and granules as described in item 1 or 2 as fuel. 4 The cylindrical rotor 3 has a support shaft 18 in the center,
A hot air generator using wood powder and granules as fuel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cylindrical roistle 3 is rotated via the support shaft 18. 5. A patent in which the support shaft 18 is hollow and has an ejection hole 33 in a zone located inside the cylindrical rooster, so that air introduced from the outer end of the support shaft 18 is supplied to the combustion chamber 22. A hot air generator using the wood-based powder and granular material according to claim 1 or 2 as fuel.