JPH0155470B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a tempo control device that controls the tempo of automatic performance such as autorhythm by following the tempo of keyboard performance. This allows for tempo corrections related to.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, automatic performance tempo control devices have been known that perform control to follow the tempo of manual performance on an automatic performance tempo keyboard.

However, with this type of conventional device,
Because the system clock signals are counted to form the tempo control data, musically pleasing tempo corrections related to beats have not been possible. That is,
Since the delay (or advance) of the key press timing is a fraction of a beat, it is musically preferable to modify the tempo in relation to the beat, such as advancing (or delaying) it by a tenth of a beat. Detecting the amount of deviation in key press timing by counting the system clock signal can only detect the absolute amount or the amount relative to the note length, regardless of the beat, and tempo correction is also based on this absolute amount or relative amount. I had no choice but to do it.

To address these problems, automatic performance tempo control devices have been proposed that enable beat-related tempo correction by counting tempo clock signals and detecting the amount of deviation in key press timing (for example, (See Publication No. 57-5098). However, in such a tempo control device, the amount of tempo change for the same amount of deviation is the same when the key press timing is earlier or later than the timing at which the key should be pressed. When the tempo slows down, it takes a considerable amount of time to return to the original tempo, creating an inconvenience that hinders smooth performance practice.

An object of the present invention is to facilitate restoring a delayed tempo when making beat-related tempo corrections.

The present invention provides an automatic performance device comprising means for generating a tempo clock signal, and automatic performance means for performing an automatic performance corresponding to the number of beats based on the tempo clock signal, which includes: (a) timing at which each key should be pressed; (b) reading means for sequentially reading out the sequential timing data from the storage device; and (c) a keyboard that generates key press data in response to key press operations. (d) every time the timing data is read from the storage device, the timing at which the key should be pressed indicated by the timing data is compared with the key depression timing indicated by the key depression data from the keyboard means, and the tempo clock signal is By counting the key press timing, the timing before and after the key press timing is detected, and a previous/follow signal indicating either the previous or subsequent timing, and a deviation amount indicating the deviation by the number of clocks of the tempo clock signal. (e) each time the detection means sends out a previous signal and deviation data, the detection means indicates that the key press timing is earlier than the timing when the key should be pressed; If so, convert the deviation data into tempo control data indicating a predetermined tempo increase amount,
If the previous/later signal indicates that the key depression timing is later than the key depression timing, the conversion means converts the deviation data into tempo control data indicating a predetermined tempo reduction amount; (f) the tempo control data from the converting means; control means for controlling the frequency of the tempo clock signal according to the tempo clock signal, and if the tempo control data indicates an amount of tempo increase, controlling the frequency of the tempo clock signal to increase in accordance with the amount of tempo increase; If the tempo control data indicates the amount of tempo decrease, the tempo control device is constructed by providing a control device for lowering the frequency of the tempo clock signal in accordance with the amount of tempo decrease.

According to the configuration of the present invention, when converting deviation data into tempo control data, the amount of tempo decrease is made smaller than the amount of tempo increase for the same deviation, so that the key press timing may change due to, for example, a mistouch. Even if the tempo slows down, the amount of tempo decrease can be kept relatively small, and the tempo can be increased by a relatively large amount of tempo increase by pressing the key quickly thereafter. Therefore, it becomes easy to restore the delayed tempo, and performance practice can be carried out smoothly.

The invention will now be described in detail with reference to embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The musical score sheet 10 has music written on its surface in accordance with musical notation, and a recording medium 10a made of magnetic tape or the like is pasted near the lower end of the surface. Musical score data corresponding to the musical score content on the surface of the sheet is recorded on the recording medium 10a,
This musical score data includes, for example, melody pitch/note length data and reference tempo data.

When the lower part of the musical score sheet 10 is inserted into the receiving opening of the data reading device 12, the reading device 12 reads the musical score data from the recording medium 10a. Among the read data, melody pitch data MP is stored in pitch memory 14 consisting of RAM (random access memory).
written to. Data writing at this time is read/write in response to the write control signal WP from the reading device 12.
Controlled by write control circuit 16. Further, the melody note length data ML is written into note length memory 18 consisting of RAM. At this time, it is controlled by the read/write control circuit 20 which responds to the write control signal WL from the data write/read device 12. Further, the reference tempo data TMP is stored in the tempo data register 22 in response to the initial set signal IS.

The reference tempo data stored in the register 22 is converted into frequency division ratio data by the frequency division ratio memory 24 and supplied to the variable tempo oscillator 26. Therefore, variable tempo oscillator 26 generates a tempo clock signal TCL having a frequency corresponding to the reference tempo.

Here, when the start/stop switch (not shown) is set to the start position, each counter etc. is initially set, and pitch data corresponding to the first melody tone is transferred from the pitch memory 14 to the latch circuit 28. Further, note length data corresponding to the first melody note is read from the note length memory 18 to the latch circuit 30, respectively. The pitch data read by the latch circuit 28 is supplied to the key display circuit 32, and in response, the key display circuit 32 lights up a display lamp corresponding to the key to be pressed first on the keyboard 34.

On the other hand, the tempo clock signal TCL from variable tempo oscillator 26 is supplied to pattern generator 38 via AND gate 36. pattern generator 38
supplies the rhythm pulse signal RP to the rhythm sound source circuit 40 by counting the tempo clock signal TCL and reading pattern data corresponding to the selected rhythm from the internal memory, and in response, the rhythm sound source circuit 40 generates the rhythm sound signal. occurs. This rhythm sound signal is sent to the speaker 4 via the output amplifier 42.
4 and is produced as an autorhythm sound. Note that the pattern generator 38 is an autobase
Accompaniment timing signal AT in chord section (not shown)
It is starting to supply

The player at the keyboard 34 presses the key corresponding to the first melody tone in accordance with the autorhythm generated as described above and, if necessary, refers to the key display by the key display circuit 32. The first key press data from the keyboard 34 is supplied to a musical tone forming circuit 46, and in response to this, the musical tone forming circuit 46 forms a first melody tone signal. This melody sound signal is supplied to the speaker 44 via the output amplifier 42, so that
The first melody sound is generated from the speaker 44.

Further, the first key press data from the keyboard 34 is supplied to a key press comparison circuit 48, and is compared with the first pitch data from the latch circuit 28. Key press comparison circuit 4
8 generates a match signal EQ when the two comparison data match (a key is pressed correctly).

This match signal ER is supplied to the latch circuit 50 as a load signal L, and the latch circuit 5 responds accordingly.
0 latches the first pitch data from the latch circuit 28. At this time, the pronunciation select switch 52
is turned on, the pitch data of the latch circuit 50 is supplied to the musical tone forming circuit 46 via the gate circuit 54, so the melody tone based on the read data is output from the speaker 44, and the melody tone based on the above-mentioned key presses is output from the speaker 44. Generated with sound. The coincidence signal EQ is also supplied to the down counter 56 as a preset signal PS, and in response, the counter 56 is preset with the first code length data from the latch circuit 30. After this preset, the counter 56
Tempo clock signal TCL from AND gate 58
Count.

The coincidence signal EQ is sent to the read/write control circuits 16 and 2.
0, and correspondingly each circuit 16 and 2
0 are pitch memory 14 and note length memory 18, respectively.
The read address signal is supplied to the Therefore, the pitch data corresponding to the second melody tone is read out from the pitch memory 14 and latched in the latch circuit 28 in response to the coincidence signal EQ. Based on the pitch data of the latch circuit 28 at this time, the key display circuit 3
2 displays the key to be pressed second. Further, at the same time as data is read from the pitch memory 14, note length data corresponding to the second melody tone is read from the note length memory 18 and latched into the latch circuit 30 in response to the coincidence signal EQ.

After this, the same operation as described above is repeated every time a key is pressed correctly and a coincidence signal EQ is generated.

By the way, after the first note length data is preset in the down counter 56, a key corresponding to the second melody note is pressed on the keyboard 34. If this key press timing is earlier than the key press timing indicated by the first note length data, the AND gate 5
9 becomes conductive in response to the coincidence signal EQ based on the second key depression. Therefore, the AND gate 59 supplies the output signal "1" of the OR gate 60 which receives the output of the counter 56 to the selector 62 as the signal SA for selecting input A. Therefore, counter 5
6 is supplied to an adder circuit 68 via a limiter 64, a memory 66, and a selector 62.

Here, the counter 56 starts from the value of the preset note length data and calculates the tempo clock signal.
Each time the TCL is counted, the output value decreases as shown in FIG. 2A, and the counted value becomes 0 at the timing _ts when the key is to be pressed. Also, Limituta 6
Reference numeral 4 is provided to determine the upper limit of the count value of the counter 56, and _as shown in FIG.
The count value of is limited to a certain value.
Furthermore, the memory 66 is composed of a ROM (read-only memory) that stores tempo correction data, and converts input data corresponding to the deviation of key press timing from timing _ts to data corresponding to a desired degree of tempo correction. It is now being converted to .
In this case, the relationship between the key pressing timing shift and the degree of tempo correction is as shown in the first quadrant of the graph in Figure 3. For example, if the key pressing timing is 1/4 beat earlier, the tempo will change. Tempo correction data for accelerating the tempo by 1/16 beat is sent from the memory 66.

In the case of the above-mentioned quick key pressing, the selector 62 supplies the adder circuit 68 with tempo correction data indicating the degree of tempo correction corresponding to the timing shift caused by the quick key pressing, and this tempo correction data is combined with the reference tempo data from the register 22. will be added. The added data from the adder circuit 68 is then loaded into the register 22 in response to the match signal EQ.

The data newly loaded into the register 22 indicates a larger value than the previous one, and is converted by the frequency division ratio memory 24 into frequency division ratio data indicating a smaller frequency division ratio than the previous one, and is sent to the variable tempo oscillator 26.
supplied to For this reason, the variable tempo oscillator 26
The frequency of the tempo clock signal TCL generated from the selector 62 is controlled to increase in accordance with the degree of tempo correction indicated by the output data of the selector 62, and as a result, the tempo of the autorhythm etc. corresponds to the frequency increase of the tempo clock signal TCL. It will be faster.

The above is the tempo control operation when the key pressed corresponding to the second melody note was earlier than the timing _ts , but the key pressed corresponding to the second melody note was later than the timing _ts . The tempo control operation in this case is as follows. That is, counter 5
6 becomes the count value 0 at timing _ts , and accordingly, the output signal “0” of the OR gate 60 becomes AND.
The supply of the tempo clock signal TCL from the gate 58 to the counter 56 is prohibited. The output signal "0" of OR gate 60 also makes AND gate 36 non-conductive. For this reason, supply of the tempo clock signal TCL to the pattern generator 38 is prohibited, and autorhythm etc. are temporarily stopped.

The output signal "0" of the OR gate 60 is also supplied to the up counter 70 and releases the reset of the counter 70. After the reset is released, the counter 70 counts the tempo clock signal TCL from the AND gate 72, so that its count value gradually increases after the timing _ts as shown in FIG. 2C. Then, when a certain period of time has elapsed after the counter 70 started counting, the upper limit detection circuit 74 detects a predetermined upper limit value and generates an output signal "1". This output signal "1" makes the AND gate 72 non-conductive via the inverter 76, so that the count value of the counter 70 does not exceed the above-mentioned upper limit value.

Now, while the count value of the counter 70 is increasing, the keyboard 34 is
If you press the key corresponding to the second melody note, the matching signal EQ based on this key press will be AND
The signal is supplied to gate 59. At this time, since the output signal "0" of the OR gate 60 is supplied to the AND gate 59, the output signal of the AND gate 59 remains "0". The output signal "0" of the AND gate 59 is passed through the inverter 78 to the selector 6.
2 as a signal SB for selecting input B. Therefore, the output of the counter 70 is supplied to the adder circuit 68 via the memory 80 and the selector 62.

Here, the memory 80 is composed of a ROM that stores tempo correction data, similar to the memory 66 described above, and input data corresponding to the deviation of the key press timing from the timing _ts is converted to a desired degree of tempo correction. It is now being converted into data. In this case, the relationship between the key press timing shift and the tempo correction degree is as shown in the third quadrant of the graph in Figure 3, for example.
If the tempo is delayed by 4 beats, tempo correction data is sent from the memory 80 such that the tempo is delayed by 1/16 beat. It should be noted that, as shown in FIG. 3, if the degree of tempo correction is made smaller in the case of a key pressed slowly than in the case of a key pressed quickly, there is an advantage that it becomes easier to restore the delayed tempo.

In the case of the above-mentioned slow key pressing, the selector 62 supplies the adder circuit 68 with tempo correction data indicating the degree of tempo correction corresponding to the timing shift caused by the slow key pressing, and this tempo correction data is combined with the reference tempo data from the register 22. will be added. The addition in this case is essentially a subtraction because the value of the tempo correction data has a minus sign. The addition data from the addition circuit 68 is then loaded into the register 22 in response to the coincidence signal EQ based on the second key press.

The data newly loaded into the register 22 indicates a smaller value than the previous one, and is converted by the frequency division ratio memory 24 into frequency division ratio data indicating a higher frequency division ratio than the previous one, and is sent to the variable tempo oscillator 26.
is supplied to For this reason, the variable tempo oscillator 26
The frequency of the tempo clock signal TCL generated from the tempo clock signal TCL is controlled to be low in accordance with the degree of tempo correction indicated by the data sent from the memory 80 when the key is pressed.

The coincidence signal EQ based on the second key press makes it possible to preset the note length data corresponding to the second melody note in the down counter 56 as described above.
The output signal of OR gate 60 becomes "1". Therefore, AND gate 58 becomes conductive and counter 56
starts counting the tempo clock signal TCL whose frequency has decreased. Furthermore, since the AND gate 36 is also rendered conductive by the output signal “1” of the OR gate 60,
The pattern generator 38 is supplied with a reduced frequency tempo clock signal TCL, as a result of which
The tempo of autorhythm etc. is determined by the tempo clock signal.
It becomes slower in response to the decrease in TCL frequency.

The tempo control operation in the case of fast key depression or slow key depression as described above with respect to the second key depression is performed in the same way for each of the third and subsequent key depressions. In addition,
If the key is pressed at the timing _ts when the key should be pressed, the counts of both the counters 56 and 70 are 0.
Therefore, the tempo data in the register 22 does not change, and therefore the frequency of the tempo clock signal TCL also does not change.

As described above, according to the present invention, the key press timing shift is measured using the tempo clock signal, so it is possible to correct the tempo that is musically preferable in relation to the beat. Furthermore, as shown in the above embodiment, if the degree of tempo correction is made different for fast-pressing keys and slow-pressing keys, and the tempo tracking sensitivity is made larger when the tempo is rising than when the tempo is falling, errors may occur. This is advantageous because the tempo drop caused by this can be quickly restored to its original state.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a graph schematically showing changes in the output of a down counter, a limiter, and an up counter, and FIG. It is a graph showing the relationship with the tempo correction degree. 18... Note length memory, 22... Tempo data register, 24... Frequency division ratio memory, 26... Variable tempo oscillator, 34... Keyboard, 56... Down counter, 62...
Selector, 66, 80...tempo correction data memory, 68...addition circuit, 70...up counter.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. An automatic performance device comprising means for generating a tempo clock signal, and automatic performance means for automatically performing at a tempo corresponding to the frequency based on the tempo clock signal, comprising: (a) each key pressed; (b) reading means for sequentially reading out the sequential timing data from the storage device; (c) reading means for sequentially reading out the sequential timing data from the storage device; (c) reading the key press data in response to key press operations; (d) each time the timing data is read from the storage device, comparing the key press timing indicated by the timing data with the key press timing indicated by the key press data from the keyboard means; By counting the tempo clock signal, the timing before and after the key press timing and the deviation from the key press timing are detected, and the previous and subsequent signals indicating either the previous or the subsequent timing and the deviation are calculated by the number of clocks of the tempo clock signal. (e) each time the detecting means sends out a previous/following signal and deviation data, the key press timing is earlier than the timing at which the key should be pressed for the previous/following signal; If so, convert the deviation data into tempo control data indicating a predetermined tempo increase amount,
If the previous/later signal indicates that the key depression timing is later than the key depression timing, the conversion means converts the deviation data into tempo control data indicating a predetermined tempo reduction amount; (f) the tempo control data from the converting means; control means for controlling the frequency of the tempo clock signal according to the tempo clock signal, and if the tempo control data indicates an amount of tempo increase, controlling the frequency of the tempo clock signal to increase in accordance with the amount of tempo increase; A tempo control device further comprising: a device that controls the frequency of the tempo clock signal to be lowered in accordance with the tempo reduction amount if the tempo control data indicates a tempo reduction amount.