JPH0212385B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0212385B2 JPH0212385B2 JP58145826A JP14582683A JPH0212385B2 JP H0212385 B2 JPH0212385 B2 JP H0212385B2 JP 58145826 A JP58145826 A JP 58145826A JP 14582683 A JP14582683 A JP 14582683A JP H0212385 B2 JPH0212385 B2 JP H0212385B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- tin
- lead
- calcium
- lead alloy
- slab
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- YBOXAZZJNODWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pb].[Sn].[Ca] Chemical compound [Pb].[Sn].[Ca] YBOXAZZJNODWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002142 lead-calcium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- QQHJESKHUUVSIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony lead Chemical compound [Sb].[Pb] QQHJESKHUUVSIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- DPDORTBBLUCNJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium tin Chemical compound [Ca].[Sn] DPDORTBBLUCNJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000882 Ca alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PRSMTOHTFYVJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].[Pb] Chemical compound [Ca].[Pb] PRSMTOHTFYVJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001174 tin-lead alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/68—Selection of materials for use in lead-acid accumulators
- H01M4/685—Lead alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/82—Multi-step processes for manufacturing carriers for lead-acid accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は、ペースト式鉛蓄電池用電極基体の製
造法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electrode substrate for a paste type lead-acid battery.
従来例の構成とその問題点
ペースト式鉛極板の基体は、アンチモン−鉛系
合金を鋳造により格子状として用いる方法と、錫
−カルシウム−鉛系合金により、まず板をつくつ
た後に、機械加工でエキスパンド状としたり打ち
抜き板とする方法などが広く実施されている。こ
こでアンチモン−鉛系合金を用いる場合と、錫−
カルシウム−鉛系合金を用いる場合において加工
方法が異なるのは、錫−カルシウム−鉛系合金の
方がアンチモン−鉛系合金よりも鋳造がかなり難
しいことによるものである。つぎに、アンチモン
−鉛系合金を用いた場合と、錫−カルシウム−鉛
系合金を用いた場合の特性上の主な違いは、錫−
カルシウム−鉛系合金を用いた場合においては、
鉛蓄電池の自己放電が少なくなり、たとえば自動
車用の鉛蓄電池としたときは、長期間補水の必要
がなくなる特長を有することである。Structures of conventional examples and their problems The base of paste-type lead electrode plates can be formed by casting an antimony-lead alloy in the form of a lattice, or by using a tin-calcium-lead alloy to form a plate and then machining it. Methods such as making it into an expanded shape or making it into a punched plate are widely practiced. Here, there is a case where an antimony-lead alloy is used, and a case where a tin-lead alloy is used.
The difference in processing methods when using calcium-lead alloys is due to the fact that tin-calcium-lead alloys are considerably more difficult to cast than antimony-lead alloys. Next, the main difference in characteristics between using an antimony-lead alloy and using a tin-calcium-lead alloy is that
When using calcium-lead alloy,
The self-discharge of lead-acid batteries is reduced, and when used as lead-acid batteries for automobiles, for example, there is no need for water replenishment for a long period of time.
なお、この錫−カルシウム−鉛系合金を用いる
場合は、とくに正極に適用するときに顕著である
が、錫の割合が多ければ多いほど蓄電池の起電反
応に直接関与する鉛ペーストから生成した活物質
との密着状態が良好になるためであると考えられ
るが、繰り返し充放電サイクル時の放電容量の減
少が小さくなつたり、異常に深い放電を行なつた
後で比較的長期間充電をせずに放置した時の充電
の受入れ性能が良好になるなどの特徴がある。 Note that when using this tin-calcium-lead alloy, the higher the proportion of tin, the more active it is generated from the lead paste, which is directly involved in the electromotive reaction of the storage battery, which is especially noticeable when applied to the positive electrode. This is thought to be due to better adhesion to the material, but the decrease in discharge capacity during repeated charge/discharge cycles may become smaller, or if the battery is not charged for a relatively long period of time after an abnormally deep discharge. It has characteristics such as better charging acceptance performance when left alone.
ただし、ここで有効な成分として働く錫は、あ
まり量が多すぎると、極端に深い放電状態となつ
た時に、電解液が中性に近くなるため錫の溶解度
が増し、蓄電池の充電によりこの多量に溶解した
錫がデンドライト状に析出して正極と負極の間を
シヨートさせる現象があつた。 However, if the amount of tin that is effective here is too large, the solubility of tin will increase as the electrolyte becomes close to neutrality when the electrolyte reaches an extremely deep discharge state. There was a phenomenon in which tin dissolved in water precipitated in the form of dendrites and shot between the positive and negative electrodes.
そこで、充放電特性からの要望と、この深い放
電時のシヨート防止からの要望から、錫の割合は
0.2〜１重量％程度の範囲としていることが多い。
勿論、極端に深い放電時のシヨート現象を除け
ば、特性向上を指向するためには、錫成分を１重
量％以上とすることが良いことは当然明らかであ
る。 Therefore, based on the demands for charging and discharging characteristics and the desire to prevent shoots during deep discharge, the proportion of tin was reduced.
It is often in the range of about 0.2 to 1% by weight.
Of course, it is obvious that, except for the shoot phenomenon during extremely deep discharge, it is better to increase the tin content to 1% by weight or more in order to improve the characteristics.
発明の目的
本発明は、錫−カルシウム−鉛系合金を用いる
鉛蓄電池電極基体の錫の割合を平均としては比較
的少ない量のみしか使用せずに、多い割合で用い
る場合と同様の効果を得るとともに、正極と負極
間のシヨート現象を抑制することを目的とする。Purpose of the Invention The present invention uses only a relatively small amount of tin on average in a lead-acid battery electrode substrate using a tin-calcium-lead alloy, but achieves the same effect as when using a higher percentage. At the same time, the purpose is to suppress the shoot phenomenon between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
発明の構成
本発明は、錫−カルシウム−鉛系鉛合金よりな
るスラブの表面に、スラブよりも錫含有量の多い
錫−カルシウム−鉛系鉛合金のコーテイングを施
した後、圧延工程により薄板とし、得られた薄板
をエキスパンド加工または打ち抜き加工により多
孔性の電極基体とすることを特徴とする。Structure of the Invention The present invention involves applying a coating of a tin-calcium-lead-based lead alloy having a higher tin content than the slab to the surface of a slab made of a tin-calcium-lead-based lead alloy, and then forming it into a thin plate through a rolling process. The method is characterized in that the obtained thin plate is expanded or punched to form a porous electrode substrate.
本発明において、スラブ表面にのみ錫の含有量
の多い鉛合金をコーテイングするのは、このスラ
ブを薄板にしたうえで多孔体とし、この多孔体を
電極基体としたとき、主に電極基体とペーストよ
り生成した活物質との接触面で充放電時の特性に
好影響を及ぼすのは電極基体表面近傍に存在する
錫あるいは半導体的性格を持つものと思われる錫
酸化物の濃度の大きさであると考えるからであ
る。 In the present invention, coating only the surface of the slab with a lead alloy with a high tin content is because the slab is made into a thin plate and made into a porous body, and when this porous body is used as an electrode base, the paste is mainly applied to the electrode base. It is the concentration of tin or tin oxide, which is thought to have semiconducting properties, that exists near the surface of the electrode substrate that has a positive effect on the characteristics during charging and discharging at the contact surface with the active material formed by the electrode. This is because I think.
実施例の説明
正極板５枚、負極板６枚、セパレータ10枚より
なる単電池６個を一組とする公称電圧12V、５時
間率の放電容量28Ahの自動車用鉛蓄電池に対す
る適用例を示す。DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS An example of application to an automobile lead-acid battery having a nominal voltage of 12 V and a discharge capacity of 28 Ah at a 5 hour rate, which is a set of 6 cells each consisting of 5 positive electrode plates, 6 negative electrode plates, and 10 separators, will be described.
正極用の電極支持体を以下の方法で作つた。 An electrode support for the positive electrode was made by the following method.
まず、錫0.2％（重量比率で示す、以下同じ）、
カルシウム0.08％、残部を純鉛とする組成の鉛合
金で厚さ９mm、幅６cmのスラブを鋳造する。得ら
れたスラブを、錫５％、カルシウム0.08％、残部
を純鉛とする鉛合金の溶湯中へ連続的に浸漬し直
ちに取り出すことにより、スラブ表面に厚さ約
0.5mmの錫成分の多い鉛合金層を付着形成させる。
つぎに、このスラブをロールで圧延して厚さ1.1
mmの薄板とする。この薄板を公知の方法でエキス
パンドメタル状の多孔体として正極用の支持体と
する。 First, 0.2% tin (indicated by weight ratio, same below),
A slab with a thickness of 9 mm and a width of 6 cm is cast from a lead alloy with a composition of 0.08% calcium and the balance pure lead. The obtained slab is continuously immersed in a molten lead alloy containing 5% tin, 0.08% calcium, and the balance is pure lead, and immediately taken out, so that the surface of the slab is coated with a thickness of approx.
A 0.5 mm thick lead alloy layer with a high tin content is deposited and formed.
Next, this slab is rolled with a roll to a thickness of 1.1 mm.
A thin plate of mm. This thin plate is made into an expanded metal-like porous body by a known method and used as a support for a positive electrode.
また、比較例として、上記の実施例に用いた錫
成分の多い鉛合金層を付着形成する前の鉛合金ス
ラブ、すなわち錫0.2％、カルシウム0.08％、残
部純鉛の鉛合金のみで鋳造されているスラブをそ
のままロールで圧延して厚さ約1.1mm薄板とし、
つぎに、実施例と同様にエキスパンドメタル状の
多孔体としたものを正極用支持体とする。 In addition, as a comparative example, the lead alloy slab used in the above example before depositing the lead alloy layer with a high tin content, that is, the lead alloy slab that was cast only with 0.2% tin, 0.08% calcium, and the balance pure lead. The slab is rolled as is into a thin plate with a thickness of approximately 1.1 mm,
Next, as in the example, a porous body in the form of expanded metal is used as a positive electrode support.
実施例および比較例の正極の正極用支持体に公
知の方法で鉛ペーストを練塗して厚さ約1.8mmの
帯状に連続する正極板とし、これを所定の寸法に
切断することにより一枚ずつの正極板を得た。 The positive electrode supports of the positive electrodes of Examples and Comparative Examples are coated with lead paste using a known method to form a continuous positive electrode plate with a thickness of about 1.8 mm, and this is cut into a predetermined size to form a single sheet. Each positive electrode plate was obtained.
なお、負極板は、実施例、比較例いずれの蓄電
池も公知のエキスパンドメタル（鉛−錫−カルシ
ウム系合金を用いる）を支持体とする極板を用い
た。 In addition, the negative electrode plate used in both the storage batteries of the example and the comparative example was an electrode plate using a known expanded metal (using a lead-tin-calcium alloy) as a support.
以上の工程で得られた実施例および比較例の鉛
蓄電池に各々12Ωの抵抗を負荷として接続した状
態で10日間、40℃の雰囲気中に置き、その後負荷
を取りはずし、常温中で12V、最大25Aの定電圧
充電器により２時間充電を行ない、150Aの急放
電を端子電圧が6Vになるまで行なつた時の放電
持続時間はつぎの通りとなつた。 The lead-acid batteries of the example and comparative example obtained through the above steps were each connected to a 12Ω resistor as a load and placed in an atmosphere at 40°C for 10 days, then the load was removed, and the battery was heated to 12V and a maximum of 25A at room temperature. The battery was charged for 2 hours using a constant voltage charger, and then rapidly discharged at 150 A until the terminal voltage reached 6 V. The discharge duration was as follows.
実施例：３分10秒
比較例：２分02秒
以上のように、本発明によれば異常に深い放電
状態で長期間保つた時の充電の受け入れ性にすぐ
れており、その結果として、放電特性がすぐれた
電池を得ることができる。これは、本発明の構成
では、正極板の支持体の表面における錫成分の割
合が多いので、支持体と活物質である鉛化合物と
の物理的な密着性が良好になるため、あるいは鉛
蓄電池の充電時に生じることが予想される錫酸化
物が活物質である鉛化合物と支持体表面の間の電
気的な接触抵抗を下げるためなどであろうと考え
られる。Example: 3 minutes 10 seconds Comparative example: 2 minutes 02 seconds As described above, according to the present invention, the receptivity to charging when kept in an abnormally deep discharge state for a long period of time is excellent, and as a result, the discharge A battery with excellent characteristics can be obtained. This is because, in the structure of the present invention, the proportion of tin on the surface of the support of the positive electrode plate is high, so the physical adhesion between the support and the lead compound, which is the active material, is good, or It is thought that this is because tin oxide, which is expected to be generated during charging, lowers the electrical contact resistance between the lead compound, which is the active material, and the support surface.
なお、実施例では、本発明の適用を正極板用の
支持体に対する場合について説明したが、本発明
は負極板の支持体に対して適用しても、正極の支
持体に適用した場合ほど顕著ではないが、同様の
効果を期待することができる。 In addition, in the examples, the application of the present invention to a support for a positive electrode plate was explained, but even if the present invention is applied to a support for a negative electrode plate, it is more noticeable when applied to a support for a positive electrode. However, similar effects can be expected.
また、錫−カルシウム系鉛合金製のスラブにコ
ーテイングする錫−カルシウム系鉛合金中の錫の
含有割合は、スラブ中の錫の含有割合より多い範
囲で自由に選ぶことができるが、概ね１〜63％程
度の範囲で良好な効果が見られることが明らかと
なつた。 In addition, the content of tin in the tin-calcium-based lead alloy to be coated on the tin-calcium-based lead alloy slab can be freely selected within a range greater than the tin content in the slab, but it is generally 1 to 1. It became clear that good effects were seen in the range of about 63%.
さらに、本発明では、電極基体表面には錫成分
割合の多い鉛合金のコーテイングを施すが、この
コーテイング層は鉛合金製スラブに形成させたの
ち、このスラブを圧延して薄板とする工程を経る
ので、極めて薄い層となつており、このため電極
基体全体としては錫成分が余り増加せず、このた
め極端に深い放電を行なつた後の充電時において
も錫のデンドライト成長による正極と負極間のシ
ヨート現象は見られない。 Furthermore, in the present invention, the surface of the electrode substrate is coated with a lead alloy containing a high proportion of tin, and this coating layer is formed on a lead alloy slab, and then this slab is rolled into a thin plate. Therefore, it is an extremely thin layer, and therefore the tin content does not increase much in the electrode base as a whole. Therefore, even during charging after an extremely deep discharge, there is a small amount of tin between the positive and negative electrodes due to the growth of tin dendrites. No shoot phenomenon is observed.
発明の効果
以上のように、本発明によれば、錫の割合を少
なくして充放電特性にすぐれ、シヨートのない鉛
蓄電池を与える電極基体を得ることができる。Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain an electrode substrate that has a reduced proportion of tin, has excellent charge/discharge characteristics, and provides a lead-acid battery without shoots.
Claims (1)
面に、この合金よりも錫含有量の多い錫−カルシ
ウム系鉛合金のコーテイングを施した後、圧延工
程により薄板とし、得られた薄板をエキスパンド
加工または打抜き加工により多孔性電極基体とす
ることを特徴とする鉛蓄電池用電極基体の製造
法。1 The surface of a slab made of a tin-calcium lead alloy is coated with a tin-calcium lead alloy that has a higher tin content than this alloy, and then a thin plate is formed by a rolling process, and the resulting thin plate is expanded or processed. A method for producing an electrode substrate for a lead-acid battery, characterized by forming a porous electrode substrate by punching.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58145826A JPS6037663A (en) | 1983-08-10 | 1983-08-10 | Manufacturing method of electrode substrate for lead-acid battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58145826A JPS6037663A (en) | 1983-08-10 | 1983-08-10 | Manufacturing method of electrode substrate for lead-acid battery |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6037663A JPS6037663A (en) | 1985-02-27 |
| JPH0212385B2 true JPH0212385B2 (en) | 1990-03-20 |
Family
ID=15394011
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58145826A Granted JPS6037663A (en) | 1983-08-10 | 1983-08-10 | Manufacturing method of electrode substrate for lead-acid battery |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6037663A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003041195A1 (en) * | 2001-11-06 | 2003-05-15 | Japan Storage Battery Co., Ltd. | Lead battery |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4761356A (en) * | 1985-02-26 | 1988-08-02 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Grid for lead storage batteries |
| WO2001004976A1 (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 2001-01-18 | Japan Storage Battery Co., Ltd. | Positive plate current collector for lead storage battery and lead storage battery comprising the same |
| US6274274B1 (en) | 1999-07-09 | 2001-08-14 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Modification of the shape/surface finish of battery grid wires to improve paste adhesion |
| US6953641B2 (en) | 2001-01-05 | 2005-10-11 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Battery grid |
| US6699620B2 (en) * | 2001-07-19 | 2004-03-02 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Lead alloy surface coating for positive lead-acid battery grids and methods of use |
| US9748578B2 (en) | 2010-04-14 | 2017-08-29 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Battery and battery plate assembly |
| US9761883B2 (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2017-09-12 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Battery grid with varied corrosion resistance |
| DE102013111109A1 (en) | 2013-10-08 | 2015-04-09 | Johnson Controls Autobatterie Gmbh & Co. Kgaa | Grid arrangement for a plate-shaped battery electrode of an electrochemical accumulator and accumulator |
| DE102013111667A1 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2015-04-23 | Johnson Controls Autobatterie Gmbh & Co. Kgaa | Grid arrangement for a plate-shaped battery electrode and accumulator |
| WO2018140713A1 (en) | 2017-01-27 | 2018-08-02 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Battery grid |
-
1983
- 1983-08-10 JP JP58145826A patent/JPS6037663A/en active Granted
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003041195A1 (en) * | 2001-11-06 | 2003-05-15 | Japan Storage Battery Co., Ltd. | Lead battery |
| CN1298067C (en) * | 2001-11-06 | 2007-01-31 | 株式会社杰士汤浅 | Lead-acid battery |
| US7223499B2 (en) | 2001-11-06 | 2007-05-29 | Gs Yuasa Corporation | Lead battery |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6037663A (en) | 1985-02-27 |
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