JPH02201816A - Functional wire - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the characteristics greatly and to give new functions by forming a layer contacting a first functional material and consisting of a second functional material separate from that and having a correlation with the first functional material on a surface of an outer electrode of a small electrode surface rate. CONSTITUTION:A involute electrode 2 is formed on a core thread 1, and a first functional material 4 is coated on it. A revolute electrode 3 is formed on it, and for its section, the electrode surface rate of the revolute electrode 3 is lower than that of the involute electrode 2. In addition, on the functional material 4 and the revolute electrode 3, composite matter of conductive grain- included moisture sensitive resistance of which resistance value is increased by absorbing moisture is used for a functional material 5.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a functional wire used for electric shock wires, temperature-sensitive heating elements, transducers, and the like.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, many functional wires, mainly heat-sensitive wires, have been developed in which a pair of conductive electrodes are formed on both the inner and outer surfaces of a cylindrical functional material. Many improvements have been made by improving the functional material itself, the interface between the functional material and the electrode, the shape of the element, etc. All of these related to a pair of electrodes and a functional material provided between them. However, such improvements naturally had their limits in terms of material development.

Examples of specific functional wires include (1) flexible temperature sensing wires and thermal heater wires with a double winding structure;
These are used as sensors and heaters for electric heating equipment. (2) There are PTC resistors and PTC heating elements that have a large positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PTC). (3) Functional wires with new functions such as photoconductivity, gas-sensitive conductivity, pressure-sensitive conductivity, and humid and humid conductivity are also being developed.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention intends to improve the characteristics of these conventionally structured functional wires, and to provide a novel device with new characteristics and multiple functions.

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention provides a cylindrical functional material [1] that changes impedance in response to external agents such as heat, light, moisture, and gas.
), in which a pair of conductor electrodes are formed on both the inner and outer surfaces of the wire, the outer electrode surface with a small electrode area ratio is in contact with the functional material (1), and a separate wire having a correlation with the functional material (1) is provided. By forming a layer made of the functional material (2), it is possible to improve the characteristics of conventional functional wires and provide a device that performs multiple functions.

Function: This function is expressed as an equivalent circuit as shown below, and is characterized by extracting a complex function as a signal from a pair of electrodes.

The equivalent circuit of each functional material can be approximated as a parallel circuit of C and R. The circuit using the functional material (1) is a and b, and the equivalent circuit using the functional material (2) is C. Since this functional material (2) constitutes an equivalent circuit connected in series to b of the functional material (1), the layer made of this functional material (2) is the electrode area of the functional material (1) in an electrical sense. The layer made of this functional material (2) is called the "electrode area control semiconductive layer" because it has the same function as controlling the electrode area. The present invention achieves the property improvement or multiple functions that are the object of the invention through the function of this layer. Letting the admittances of a, b, and c in the above equivalent circuit be Ya, Yb, and Yc, the overall admittance Y is expressed by the following equation.

Yb+Yc Next, this will be explained based on a specific wire structure. 1st
Figure (a) shows the structure of the functional wire in the present invention. An inner wound electrode 2 is formed on the core yarn 1, and a functional material (1) is formed on it.
4 is coated. Further, an outer-wound electrode 3 is formed thereon, the cross section of which is shown in FIG. 1(b), and the electrode area ratio of the outer-wound electrode 3 is lower than that of the inner-wound electrode 2. With such a cylindrical shape, since the outer peripheral area is large, the ratio of the electrode area on that surface is small. Therefore, electric lines of force such as 7 in FIG. 1(b) will flow toward the opposite electrode. The present invention provides a functional wire that effectively utilizes such lines of electric force.

Next, specific functional materials (1) and (2) and their combinations will be explained.

1. When the functional material (1) is a thermistor material, it is desirable to incorporate a temperature fuse characteristic to prevent abnormal heating, and the functional material (1) is composed of a thermistor material having a temperature fuse characteristic. In order to make this a thermosensitive heater that also has a heating function, resistance to DC polarization is required, and it is best to select a variable capacity thermistor material (mainly a nylon composition) that has temperature fuse characteristics. At this time, if an ion conductive polymer thermistor material (mainly a polyvinyl chloride composition doped with ion carriers) is used as the functional material (2), this layer will have a large thermistor B constant of approximately 7000 to 9000 K. The impedance decreases as the temperature rises, producing an effect similar to that of the electrode area of the outer wound electrode increasing as the temperature rises. As a result, a thermistor B constant larger than the thermistor constant of the functional material (1) can be obtained as in Example 1, which will be described later.

2. If a moisture-sensitive resistor composition containing conductive particles whose resistance value increases due to moisture absorption is used as the functional material (2) 5 on the functional material (I) 4 and the electrode 3 described above, as the humidity increases. This has the same effect as when the resistance value increases and the electrode area of functional material (1) decreases. Since the nylon composition of the functional material (1) greatly reduces impedance due to moisture absorption, this is canceled and an excellent temperature sensor that is independent of the humidity environment is obtained.

3. A polymer resistor with a large positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PTC) contains conductive particles (mainly carbon black),
The large thermal expansion near the melting point of the matrix molecules widens the particle spacing and increases the resistance value.

Therefore, although the temperature at which the resistance rapidly increases is determined by the melting point, it has not been possible to freely control the slope of the resistance in the low temperature region. By using the present invention, two PTC materials with different melting points can be converted into the functional materials (1) and (2) of the present invention.
If each is used as a PTC, the resistance-temperature characteristics of the PTC can be changed freely, which is of high practical value.

4. If the functional material (1) is a temperature-sensitive material and the functional material (2) is a material with completely different functions such as a photoconductive material, a gas-sensitive conductive material, a pressure-sensitive conductive material, a moisture-sensitive conductive material, etc. A temperature signal that reflects the change in the characteristics of this functional material (2) can be obtained. Since the equivalent circuit is a combination circuit of C and R, multiple sensing information can be obtained from one functional wire by analyzing the phase, waveform, etc. of the signal from the functional wire of the present invention. The photoconductive materials used in the present invention include organic photoconductors (phthalocyanine derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, carbazole derivatives) and Zn
There are O dispersions and the like. A semiconducting material with catalytic activity, such as porphyrin, is used as the gas-sensitive material. Pressure-sensitive conductive materials include pressure-sensitive rubber. Examples of moisture-sensitive conductive materials include conductive particle-containing compositions having a hygroscopic polymer as a matrix, and polymer compositions containing hygroscopic ion carriers.

Example Next, examples of the present invention will be described.

<Example 1> On the 2000 denier polyester core thread 1, the fabric shown in Fig. 1 (a
) An inner electrode 2, a functional material (1) 4 consisting of a capacitance variable thermistor layer made of phenol oligomer-containing nylon 12, and an outer electrode 3 were formed in this order on the wire.

The internal electrode was made by winding a 0.45 mm copper foil at a pitch of 0.6 ann. On the other hand, the outer winding cable is made of similar copper foil with a pitch of 2.
I wrapped it with 0 body. As shown in FIG. 1(a), an ion-conducting polymer thermistor material made of a polyvinyl chloride composition containing an organic perchlorate is placed on top of each electrode ratio (W: foil width, P) as a functional material (2). ) 5, and then an insulating jacket 6 was applied.The impedance-temperature characteristics of the thus obtained thermal heater wire were measured and showed the characteristics as shown in Figure 2.Thermistor B constant of functional material (1) is thicker (you can see that it has been improved).

<Example 2> The outer wound electrode 3 was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, and a moisture-sensitive resistor material made of a polyethylene-ethylene glycol copolymer composition containing 18% carbon was applied thereon as a functional material (2).
An insulating jacket 6 was applied thereon. When the temperature characteristics of the heat-sensitive heater wire obtained in this way were measured, the characteristic fluctuations due to humidity between absolute dryness and 90% RH were measured.
The temperature error in the conventional example without the one-girder area control semiconductor device made of functional material (2) was 118°C, but in the thermal heater wire of this example, it was significantly reduced to -7'C.

<Example 3> As shown in FIG. 1(a), an internal electrode 2 was formed on the core yarn 1 made of 1500 denier aramid fiber with the same winding specifications as in Example 1, and then a carbon black-containing adhesive was applied. A PTC resistor layer made of polyethylene was coated as a functional material (1). After forming an outer wound electrode with the same winding specifications as in Example 1, a PTC resistor layer made of low-density adhesive polyethylene having a resistance rise point at a temperature lower than that of the PTC resistor was coated with a functional material (2 ). This was covered with an insulating jacket 6 to obtain a PTC heater wire. When the resistance-temperature characteristics of this wire were measured, a functional wire with smooth PTC characteristics as shown in FIG. 3 was obtained.

<Example 4> An organic photoconductor film was coated as the functional material (2) on the same heat-sensitive wire as in Example 1 in which up to the outer wound electrode 3 was formed,
Obtained functional wire. The signal current of the functional wire increased due to light irradiation. When this functional wire was operated by a low-frequency electric field, a high-frequency waveform that responded to the optical pulse was obtained in the low-frequency current (/!1 degree signal) from the functional wire.The waveforms of these signals were separated, Each was detected.

Effects of the Invention As is clear from the above examples, the present invention significantly improves the characteristics by newly providing an electrode area control semiconducting layer made of functional material (2) on a conventional functional wire.
It adds new functions and has tremendous industrial value.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 (a) and (b) are diagrams showing the structure of a functional wire in an example of the present invention, Figure 2 is a diagram showing the impedance-temperature characteristics of a thermal heater wire in Example 1, and Figure 3 is a diagram showing the structure of a functional wire in an example of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the resistance-temperature characteristics of the PTC heater wire in Example 3. 2...Inner winding electrode, 3...Outer winding electrode, 4
... Functional material (1), 5 ... Functional material (2), 7 ... Lines of electric force. Name of agent: Patent attorney Shigetaka Awano Haka1 person/---Shinji? −・P1 wide electrode, 3 −−− Dato no Omito Kakushiome i4−− Zeppakuji Material Sakae ↑ (l) 6− Functional material (2 Jiro Gripping Tato branch 7− Electric force line tX 2 Fig. 3 figure 2 degree 7c'su υ phrase 2θ 1 false θθ too tz. T('su

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) In a functional wire in which a pair of conductive electrodes are formed on both the inner and outer surfaces of a cylindrical functional material (1) that changes impedance in response to external factors, the outer electrode surface has a small electrode area ratio. , a functional wire comprising an electrode area control semiconducting layer made of a separate functional material (2) having a correlation with the functional material (1) in contact with the functional material (1), and configuring the following equivalent circuit. . ▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼ (However, 1 is the equivalent circuit of the functional material (1), and 2 is the equivalent circuit of the electrode area control semiconductive layer) (2) The inner electrode is an inner-wound electrode wound on a core yarn, the outer electrode is an outer-wound electrode with a large winding pitch, and the functional material (
The functional wire according to claim 1, wherein 1) is a variable capacitance thermistor material having temperature fuse characteristics, and the separate functional material (2) is made of an ion-conducting polymer thermistor material to detect temperature. (3) The functional material (1) is a variable capacitance thermistor material made of a nylon composition, and the separate functional material (2) is a conductive particle-filled moisture-sensitive resistor composition whose resistance value increases due to moisture absorption. 1) Functional wire as described. (4) The functional material (1) has a large positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PT
2. The functional wire according to claim 1, wherein the functional wire is a PTC resistive material having a temperature lower than that of the PTC resistive material. (5) The functional material (1) is a temperature-sensitive material, and the separate functional material (2) is one of a photoconductive material, a gas-sensitive conductive material, a pressure-sensitive conductive material, and a moisture-sensitive conductive material. The functional wire according to claim (1).