JPH02236313A - Wall and building member having gravity support structure and manufacture thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To improve stability by perpendicularly arranging a plurality of compartments made from flexible envelope materials which are filled with bulk material for support structure and providing a support member. CONSTITUTION: A wall 1 comprising a gravity support structure 2 provided with a plurality of compartments 41 to 45 made from flexible envelope material 7 and filled with bulk material 5 is formed. The envelope material 7 forming the faces of the compartments 41, 43 and 45 is extended to envelope the front faces of support members 41a, 43a and 45a to improve the stability of the structure of a front section 3. Support members 42a and 44a are projected by releasing the front faces of the compartments 42 and 44 from an envelope material, and a support face 8 for filler 9 for the front face is formed to protect an upper envelope material 7 from ultraviolet rays. By this constitution, stability and rigidity can be improved.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to a wall having an Fi gravity support structure.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The use of walls as gravity support structures having bulk material cells wrapped in flexible flat materials such as foil, synthetic resin Jijlim or plastic material is well known. This wall is used especially for supporting slopes. The front face of such a gravity support structure is generally formed by the front of the bulk material compartment or cell, and also by the front of the surrounding material. The surrounding material forms an arch (convex shape) and withstands the internal pressure of the bulk filling material.

The bulk material cells stacked on top of each other are connected to each other by frictional shear resistance. This increases the stability and support capacity, especially against horizontal pressures on slopes located behind the gravity support structure. There is a great demand for using such structures due to their simple manufacturing and low cost features.

However, these structures have problems.

That is, the bulk material provided with the surrounding material is easily punctured or torn, and the stability of the structure is impaired. moreover,
There was a problem in that the enclosure material was highly sensitive to solar radiation.

The slope of the ground in contact with the front of the structure made it difficult to protect or bury the enclosure against solar radiation, and the connection between the smooth surface of the enclosure and the slope was weak. As a result, there are six problems in which the surrounding material peels off from the ground.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to produce a wall with a gravity support structure having a plurality of cells filled with bulk material and surrounded and divided by flat flexible envelopes, the said compartments being The front face and especially the exposed parts of the enclosure are effectively protected and stability and low cost production characteristics are maintained, especially in the case of a steep front face.

This purpose includes a gravity support structure having a plurality of cells surrounded and divided by a flat flexible enclosure and filled with bulk material. Achieved by walls. The wall has at least a front portion 9 which is in frictional connection with the gravity support structure with respect to horizontal forces acting between the front portion and the gravity support structure.

This construction has advantages over conventional walls formed with a support grid of frame-like members.

The bulk and weight of this main part of the structure is required to increase slope support capacity or slope resistance, and is achieved by gravity support structures at low cost.

The front part forms a front surface consisting of ribs and recesses, which absorbs noise and has recesses for receiving soil and can support the planting material. In particular, the grid support structure is filled with soil.

The gravity support structure, which accounts for most of the stability function, greatly reduces the size of the front surface, which in particular allows for smaller wall thicknesses and lower costs.

For fixing the front part to the gravity support structure, it is possible to make use of a predetermined portion of the enclosure that is preferably already present in the gravity support structure. By connecting the front faces or structures on both sides by a freestanding wall with front faces on both sides of a centrally located gravity support structure =9 stability is increased without increased cost.

The structures are located nearby and connected to each other by tension anchoring members extending through the central gravity support structure.

Embodiments> Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1st
The figure shows a wall (1) with a support structure (2) and a front part (3)
FIG. Support structure (2) is bulk material (5)
Multiple vertically arranged connoctments (4
1 to 45). Conno《Tomento (41)
Although only shown in Figures 1 and 2, these condominiums have a bottom surface (4a), a front surface (4b) facing the wall front (6)
) and an upper surface (4C). Konnoku Tomen}
The front, bottom and top surfaces of (41.45 and 45) are
It is formed by a flexible surrounding material (7) along the same. Only the bottom and top surfaces of the compartments (42 and 44) are likewise formed by flexible surroundings;
The front is free.

The front part (3) has a plurality of support members (4) arranged on the front part (3).
1a to 45a). These support members have a bottom surface, a front surface, and a top surface as shown.

The enclosures forming the faces of the compartments (41, 43 and 45) are extended and surround the front surfaces of the support members (41a, 43a and 45a).

One of the advantages of the structure described above compared to known walls substantially formed by the front part of a flexible envelope filled with bulk material
First, the stability and rigidity of the front structure is high, increasing the support capacity of the wall against the gravity of the soil and stones behind the wall.

A further feature of the aforementioned wall is that the first and second support members are arranged differently.

The first support member is said support member (41a and 43a), the front side of which is surrounded by a section of flexible wrapper (7) extending from the rear bulk material at the front.

The second support member is the support member (42a and 44a)
A number of members are disposed in supporting connection below the first support member. The front face of said second support member is free from the flexible enclosure and is shaped such that it projects towards the front of the wall (6) beyond the corresponding first support member disposed thereon. Each of these second support members has a support surface (8) t for a front filler (9) of bulk material covering at least a part of the front face of the first member arranged thereon. -forming.

Although the support capacity in many applications is such that the support encirclement effect of removing every other support member placed above and below is less than that, the substantial advantage is that the front filler of the bulk material provides a flexible encirclement. It is to surround the front part of the material. This makes it possible to protect the flexible material, which consists essentially of plastic material, from UV rays. Additionally, the slope formed by the front filler can provide a sufficient base for many of the plants desired in the building.

A further important feature of the wall structure shown in FIG. 1 is based on the particular shape of the support members, such as support members (42a and 44a). These members have a front board portion (4oa) extending along the front side of the wall. This board part forms an additional support surface (8a) for the bulk material;
This structure, together with the basic support surface (8) mentioned above, protects the bulk material against corrosion and enhances the foundation of the grant. Additionally, a vertically extending rear support portion (40b) forms a supporting connection with an adjacent wall member. Further, the intermediate support portion (40C) extends vertically and forms a supporting connection with the adjacent wall member. This double structural connection formed by the two supports is horizontally offset from each other and protects the member against tilting so as to increase the stability of the overall wall. More than one vertical support can also be used if the load is large.

In particular, said rear and intermediate supports are formed as rear or intermediate support board sections extending generally in a direction along the front face of the wall. This structure contributes to increasing the stability of this part against vertical pressures, and the overall profile shape of the support member allows for relatively low manufacturing costs due to the cast shape.

Figure 2 is an example of a different structure for enclosing and securing the front part (4b) of a flexible shroud (7) forming a support compartment within the rear support structure (110). The front part of the rear support structure is folded together with nine profile beams (101~
107). The front part (111) has a box-like stacked auxiliary support member (Ijfa to I11C
) but without a lower part, thus forming a vertical communicating channel filled with bulk material (5a). This front section surrounds the front section of the flexible envelope. Such a front structure contributes to the overall bearing capacity of the wall.

Figure 3 shows a bulk material wall with flexible enclosing compartments (201-206) within the adjacent bulk material.Longitudinal fixings (201a-206a)
are embedded between superposed layers of bulk material in a substantially horizontal plane. The soil pressure bearing capacity and stability of such structures have been studied by conventional methods. This method typically calculates the frictional holding force within the bulk material for each of a plurality of sliding surfaces, the frictional holding force acting between the fixed part of the flexible encasing material and the adjacent bulk material, and the sliding surface. The total effective soil pressure or sliding induced force is calculated for the total holding tension and fixing force generated between the fixed part of the enclosing material and the fixed part of the surrounding material. In FIG. 3, the sliding surfaces (a-e) and their interfaces (A-E) with fixed material surfaces (206-202) are shown schematically, and the retaining frictional forces exerted on these interfaces are shown schematically. The resultant force of and fixing force (Aa~Ae) is ( }
La~We).

As shown in FIG. 3, the sliding surface consists of two parts. That is, a portion defined by a line starting from the lowest common baseline (Lf) at an angle of inclination (Om) for each surface, and a second portion starting within the boundary (A-E), A sliding surface is formed. All slopes of the second part of the sliding surface are the same, ie determined by the natural friction angle of the bulk material (not shown).

On the other hand, Figure 4 shows a wall structure similar to Figure 3, in which a layered bulk material compactor (301-305) surrounded by a flexible material (7) is shown. However, the inclined structure of its effective portions (501a to 305a) is shown. The sliding surface (a-e) defined by its angle of inclination (om) is assumed from the known structure shown in FIG. The same reference numerals are used as in FIG. 3, but some have been omitted.

Thorough research has shown that over a wide range of areas, an enveloping slope angle within the range of approximately 10 to 30 degrees relative to the horizontal is preferred.
Good results were obtained. Particularly under heavy load conditions, the best operation was obtained with an inclination angle within the range of approximately 18 to 24 degrees with respect to the horizontal direction.

The table of FIG. 5 first shows by curve (T) the soil mass gravity driving forces of the slopes of different sliding surfaces within a block of soil, as is well known to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the three soil retention force curves are valid for different sliding surfaces with corresponding inclination angles (Om).

For each of these curves, the geometric layer extends below a different angle (d) relative to the horizontal plane, for example as shown in FIG. 4 for d. The step in the curve (R) is due to the increase in the number of geometric layers that become effective at a certain angle (om). Sliding angles at which curve 04) is less than or equal to curve (T) indicate a critical state. Obviously, increasing the value of (d) ensures overall safety with the same amount of layers.

The wall structure shown in Figure 6 consists of concrete supporting members (
8E1. 8E2), the front part (FP) has a further support element (SE3) which is formed as a compartment filled with bulk material (HK2). The bulk member (BK2) has a different material and stability than the main bulk member (BK1) after the front part (FP). Predetermined bulk material (BK2), i.e. 7 cured after filling
Due to the recessed concrete, the supporting member contributes to the stability of the front and the entire wall. Support member (lE5)
is defined in the illustrated embodiment and includes a flexible enclosure (ME1)
surrounded by. The material (ME1) has the properties of a permeable or frangible material to facilitate plant root growth. One or more of the above-mentioned support members may be provided. The second basic feature of the wall in Figure 6 is the bulk material (
Additional flexible enclosure (EM2) extending into BKI)'
This is a special fixing structure that supports the support members (8E1) and (812) that have an i. In this fixed structure an additional flexible enclosure (EM2) is provided with a support member (8B1 or S
B2), which extend alternately and integrally around the bulk material (BK1), the relatively long flat parts of which are inserted into the bulk material (BK1), and which have a special profile in the form of longitudinal profile beams extending at an acute angle or parallel to the wall surface. It extends to the fixed member (AEj), further extends to the entire part (Ep), and then again to the supporting member (8E1 or 8E2).
It is important to extend around. Fixation stability is thus increased with less expense.

The embodiment of FIG. 7 also shows a supporting member (SE3) as a whole (FP) in the form of a compartment surrounded by flexible material and filled with bulk material.

This support member (SEA) is a bulk material (B
The flexible fixing material (EM2) extending up to K1) can contribute to fixation stability. The fixing member shown in the figure in the bulk material (BK1) is fixed by friction.

The modification shown in FIG. 8 has another feature of the present invention, in which, in addition to the solid fixing member (AE1), a flexible material is embedded in the main bulk material (BK1) located behind the whole (FP). An anchoring element (AE2) is shown which is formed as an enclosed compartment filled with bulk material. This structure also serves to reduce the cost of the overall structure. In the illustrated embodiment, the flexible fixed enclosure member (EM2) is fully frictionally connected. A number of flexible fixed enclosure compartments may also be used.

The entire slope structure in the above embodiments can also stabilize the wall against slope due to soil pressure from behind the wall.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 9 includes a full body (FP) with a support (SB) in the form of a profile beam and a converted member partially defined by a flexible enclosing member (RAM) and filled with bulk material. } Support structure (SP) with (CP)
S) and a fixing structure (Act) having a fixing member (AE) t-
) and shows a wall with Flexible Enveloping Anchorage (EA)
M) extend in alternating pairs around the support and fixation members through the bulk material in the compartment. In the illustrated Il1 structure, the uppermost conversion member (CP1) is partially constructed and the support member (SE
) and a partially filled bulk material (BK1), but the surrounding anchoring material (EAM) does not extend into the compartment but is placed on top as a roll (l'tI).

The fixing member (AE) has two horizontally spaced protrusions (PR) with a space (sp) between them and an opening facing upward. This opening is covered with a material (EAM), which has a corresponding bulk member (BK1).
) is supported. The material in the range of this aperture (RA
M) is pulled by the gravity of the bulk material located above. This gravity is shown by the arrow (P) and the material (RAM) is (s
p) Trying to be pushed inside. Due to this structure, the material (RAM) is stretched in the area between the support member and the fixing member, and this state is shown by the arrow (S). The top layer of the material (RAM) in this state is supported from below by the bulk material and is pushed upward by the relatively small gravity of the layer of bulk material (BK1), causing a tensile stress. The effect of this tensile force is to align the support member and the fixing member during manufacture of the wall and to increase the fixing force.

As shown in FIG. 10, in such a structure, the protrusions (PR) forming the spaces (sp) are formed with the advantage achieved by separate fixing elements (BFE) arranged at a distance. Furthermore, this variant shows that such a fastening element is formed as a compartment filled with bulk material (BKF) and surrounded by a defined flexible surrounding material (EMS). This structure also helps reduce costs. In particular, the bulk material hardens after filling to form at least a solid solid body. This enclosure can also be made from very cheap materials. The whole or other parts of the wall κ used can also be filled with such a bulk material and can also be formed as a compartment consisting of a particularly hardening material.

FIG. 11 shows a modification of the anchor member (8AB), in which the anchor member (SAD) has a flexible material (RAM) with an extending hill slot (UP). This structure increases the transmission of the force represented by the tensile force (S).

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical section through an embodiment of an inclined support wall; FIG. 2 is a vertical section through another embodiment of an inclined support wall; and FIG. 3 is a wall with flexible enclosing compartments within the adjacent bulk material. FIG. 4 is a vertical section through a special wall with a flexible enclosing compartment of the invention; FIG. 6 shows a vertical section of a variant of the inventive inclined support wall with a fixing structure, FIG. 7 shows a vertical section of a wall according to the invention with a front support structure, and FIG. 8 shows an additional fixing structure. 9 is a vertical sectional view of a wall of a fastening structure with flexible fastening elements; FIG. 10 is a view showing a modification of a detail of the fastening structure of FIG. 9; and FIG. 11 are diagrams showing a modification of the support fixing member regarding the flexible surrounding fixation member.

Claims (22)

[Claims] (1) A wall having a support structure and a front portion, the support structure having a plurality of vertically disposed compartments filled with bulk material, the compartments being at least partially closed by a flexible wrapper. a front portion having a plurality of support members, the flexible wrapper defining at least one compartment extending around at least a portion of the at least one support member; A wall that is characterized by (2) a wall having a support structure and a front portion, the support structure having a plurality of vertically oriented compartments filled with bulk material, the compartments at a bottom and a front portion of the wall; each compartment has a front face and a top face oriented toward the compartment, and one of the front face and the bottom and top faces of each compartment is defined by a flexible wrapper extending along the face of the compartment. , the front section has a plurality of support members disposed one above the other, and further has a bottom surface, a front surface and a top surface, and a support member extending along the bottom surface or the top surface of at least one of the compartments. A wall wherein a flexible enclosure is sized to cover the front surface of at least one of the support members. (3) The wall according to claim 2, wherein first and second support members are provided, and a front surface of at least one of the first support members is provided with a front surface of at least one of the first support members. covered by a portion of the flexible shroud extending from the bulk material behind the front portion in a surrounding manner, at least one of the second support members being in a supporting connection with the first support member; the second support member is disposed below at least one of the members, the front face of the second support member being free from the flexible enclosure and extending beyond the first support member towards the front of the wall. a wall shaped to form a support surface for a bulk material front filler extending over and covering at least a front surface of said first support member; (4) The wall according to claim 2, further comprising a front cover structure disposed in front of the front part,
A wall arranged to protect at least a portion of the flexible surrounding material extending along the front surface of the support member. (5) A wall having a supporting front structure forming a plurality of compartments at least partially filled with bulk material and having a plurality of support members arranged one above the other, each of said support members being a front surface of said wall. a front board portion extending at least partially in a direction along the bulk material and forming at least one support surface for the bulk material;
two rear supports extend vertically to form a supporting connection with at least one vertically adjacent wall member, and at least one intermediate support forms a supporting connection with at least one vertically adjacent wall member. A wall characterized by extending vertically. (6) A wall according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one of the rear and intermediate support members is formed as a rear or intermediate support board section. (7) The wall according to claim 5, wherein at least one of the rear or intermediate support board portions is substantially at least partially unevenly distributed along the front surface of the wall. . (8) A wall having a support structure, said support structure having a plurality of vertically disposed compartments filled with bulk material, said compartments having a bottom surface, a front surface oriented toward a front surface of said wall. and has an upper surface,
at least one of the bottom and top surfaces of each compartment is defined by a flexible wrapper extending along the side of the compartment; The wall according to claim 1, wherein the flexible enclosing member is disposed within the bulk material adjacent to the bulk material in a substantially oblique direction downward from the front surface of the wall to the rear of the bulk material. (9) A wall according to claim 8, in which the flexible surrounding material extending along the top or bottom surface of at least one of the compartments is approximately
A wall, characterized in that it is substantially arranged to form an inclination descending from the front face of said wall towards the rear of the bulk material at an angle within the range of 30°. (10) The wall of claim 8, wherein the flexible surrounding material extending along the bottom or top surface of at least one compartment is approximately 18 mm horizontally.
A wall, characterized in that it is substantially arranged to form an inclination down from the front face of said wall towards the rear of the bulk material at an angle in the range ˜24°. (11) A wall having a support structure and a front portion, the support structure having a plurality of vertically disposed compartments filled with bulk material, the compartments being at least partially enclosed by a flexible surrounding material. It is defined,
the front portion has a plurality of support members, at least one
A wall characterized in that the two supporting members are formed as compartments filled with bulk material and are at least partially defined by a flexible surrounding material. 12. The wall of claim 11, wherein at least the support member formed as a bulk material-filled compartment is defined at least in part by the flexible enclosure, and the support structure or other It is secured to another bulk material located behind said front part or to said support member by an additional flexible surrounding material extending through at least one bulk material, said additional flexible surrounding material also being a bulk material. A wall characterized in that it extends at least partially around a front support member formed as a compartment filled with. (13) The wall according to claim 1 or 12, wherein at least two support members of the front section are located at the rear of the support structure or the front section having a plurality of compartments filled with bulk material. 2. A wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall is secured to another bulk material by means of a flexible wrapper integrally extending around at least two support members of the front portion. (14) A wall having a support structure having a plurality of vertically oriented compartments filled with bulk material and defined at least in part by a flexible enclosure, the wall comprising at least a portion of the flexible enclosure. extends around at least one fixing member embedded in the bulk material behind the wall. (15) The wall according to claim 14, comprising a front portion having a plurality of vertically arranged support members, and at least one support member is located behind the front portion and said support member is arranged in a vertical direction. A wall, characterized in that it is connected to at least one layer of flexible fixing members extending into the bulk material around at least one fixing member embedded in the bulk material. (16) The wall according to claim 15, characterized in that the at least one fixing member is formed in the bulk material as a longitudinal body extending parallel to or at an acute angle to the plane of the wall. wall. (17) A wall according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that at least one fixing member is formed as a compartment filled with bulk material and defined by a flexible surrounding material. wall. (18) In the wall according to claim 14 or 15, the at least one fixing member is at least two upwardly extending protrusions, and a space having an upwardly directed opening is formed between the protrusions. wherein the space is at least partially empty but filled with a compressible material, and at least one layer of flexible surrounding or securing material is formed extending over the opening and contacting the protrusion. A wall characterized in that a gravity member is provided above the at least one layer of flexible enclosing or fixing members to impart a bend to the layer and force it into the space. (19) In the wall according to claim 14 or 15, at least two fixing members are arranged at a distance from each other and each has at least two protrusions extending upward, and the fixing member a space having an upwardly oriented opening is formed between the protrusions, the space being at least partially empty or filled with a compressible material, and a flexible surrounding or anchoring member extending over the opening; A wall comprising at least one layer of flexible or fixed material, wherein a gravity member is placed above said layer of flexible or fixed material to apply a tensile force by bending said layer into said space. (20) In the wall according to any one of claims 1 to 19, at least one supporting and fixing member is formed as a compartment filled with bulk material and defined by a flexible surrounding material. A wall characterized by having. 21. The wall of claim 20, wherein the compartment is at least partially filled with a bulk material that hardens to at least partial solidification after filling. (22) A wall according to any one of claims 1 to 21, having at least one longitudinal opening through which a flexible enveloping or securing member extends.
A wall characterized in that it has two supporting or fixing members.