JPH02278010A - Retainer member for rolling bearing and rolling bearing with retainer member built therein - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To endow the above member characteristics such as superiority in transfer characteristic and abrasion resistance by using charbon-antimony series composite material whose carbon material is made to contain at least one kind, either antimony or its alloy, as this kind of retaining member. CONSTITUTION:When an alloy of antimony with other metal is used, tin Pb, Cu, Al, Zn, etc. can be illustrated as other metal, especially tin is preferred. The ratio of antimony and other metal is properly determined, and the method to manufacture material using carbon material and this alloy is not particularly limited. One preferable method concerning its manufacturing method is to remove air existing in carbon material in vacuum or under reduced pressure first, dip it into the aforementioned alloy molten metal, then pressurize to infiltrate and impregnate the alloy into the carbon material, and after that, cool it. The member manufactured by this method is superior especially in transfer characteristic, as well as in abrasion resistance.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Prior Art] Recent advances in science and technology have been remarkable, and along with this, rolling bearings are also required to be used under increasingly harsh conditions, especially when used at high temperatures. This causes problems with bearing materials and lubrication.

In high-temperature areas where the conventional bearing material, bearing steel, cannot be used, bearings made of ceramics have begun to be used. To lubricate the bearings, a cage is made of a material containing a solid lubricant, and the cage is connected to the bearing. A method of transferring lubricant to the contact surfaces of rolling elements and raceways has been adopted. Specifically, in response to the demand for ceramic bearings to be used in a temperature range from room temperature to high temperatures of around 500°C, cage members made of carbon materials, chromium, and ceramic materials have been developed.

However, although this ceramic cage member can be used in high-temperature ranges, it is still insufficient in transfer properties, that is, the ability to form a thin and uniform lubricating film, and wear properties, which are among the properties required for cage members. It's hard to say.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned difficulties of conventional ceramic cage members. The object of the present invention is to develop a new cage member that has properties that are significantly superior to those of other conventional cages and can be used in a wide temperature range from room temperature to high temperatures of around 500°C.

[Means for solving the problem] This problem is particularly aimed at at least one of antimony and its alloys.
This problem can be solved by using a carbon-antimony-based composite material containing seeds in the carbon material as the seed retainer member.

[Function and structure of the invention]

In the present invention, by containing, particularly preferably impregnating, the carbon material with at least one of antimony and its alloy, a cage member for a rolling bearing using the same has extremely excellent transfer characteristics and wear characteristics. As is clear from the examples described later, it has extremely superior properties compared to the conventional cage member in which the carbon material contains chromium and ceramics.

Furthermore, by incorporating antimony or its alloy into the carbon material, a significant secondary effect was observed in which the oxidative consumption of the carbon material by oxygen in the air when used at high temperatures can be significantly suppressed.

Furthermore, it can be satisfactorily used as a retainer member even in the temperature range from room temperature to around 500°C.

The carbon material used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and a wide variety of carbon materials can be used, and not only ordinary carbon materials, but also graphitic carbon materials, mesophase carbon, and the like can be effectively used. Because precision machining may be required,
It is desirable to use an isotropic carbon material.

As the antimony alloy, an alloy of antimony and other metals is used. In this case, the other metals include, for example, tin and Pb.
, Cu, AI, Zn, etc., and tin is particularly preferred. The ratio of antimony to other metals is appropriately determined depending on the type of other metals used, but usually antimony is about 90 to 5% by weight, preferably about 75 to 35% by weight.

When preparing and manufacturing materials using carbon materials and antimony or its alloys, the preparation method is not equally limited, and any method may be used as long as antimony or its alloys are contained almost uniformly in the carbon materials. In particular, it is preferable to melt and impregnate a carbon material with antimony or an alloy thereof. To explain in more detail, first, the air present in the carbon material is removed under vacuum or reduced pressure, and the air is immersed in a molten solution of antimony or its alloy, and then the air is pressurized to sufficiently inject antimony or its alloy into the carbon material. This is a method of permeation impregnation and cooling. Parts prepared by this method are superior to other methods, such as mixing methods, in particular in terms of transfer and wear properties.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples below.

Example 1 A carbon material [manufactured by Toyo Tanso (grade name: rlG-11)] was roughly cut into the shape of the cage material test piece shown in Fig. 1, and this was cut under reduced pressure (I-Hg) for 1 hour. The air in the open pores in the carbon material is removed by treatment, and then the carbon material is sufficiently soaked in molten antimony to impregnate antimony into the carbon material at a rate of 0.5 to 1 at about 100 kg/eta. After pressurizing for a period of time, the carbon material was cooled to room temperature and the surface was precisely cut to prepare a cage member.At this time, the content of antimony in the carbon material was 50% by weight.

Example 2 In the above Example 1, an antimony-tin alloy (antimony:tin-6=4 weight ratio) was used instead of antimony. As in Example 1, the impregnated mass was 50% by weight. A cage member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 in all other respects.

Example 3 In the above Example 1, a trial carbon material manufactured by Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd. (after compression molding of mesophase carbon raw material, 150
A cage member was prepared by impregnating it with antimony in the same manner as in Example 1 except for using a material (fired at 0'C or higher).

In contrast to the above examples of the present invention, a conventionally known ceramic member was tested as Comparative Example 1.2 under exactly the same conditions.

Comparative Example 1 Conventionally known ceramic thread member I (graphite/chromium/ceramic composite material: symbol A in Table 1) Comparative Example 2 Same < conventionally known ceramic thread member (graphite/chromium/ceramic composite material II) Symbol B in Table 1) Experiment-1 The transfer characteristics and wear characteristics of the cage members of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 were measured.

The experiment used a high-temperature bearing cage material evaluation test machine shown in Figure 1. However, Figure 1 (a) is a schematic side view, and its (
b) is an explanatory diagram of the load system, (+,) is the cage load weight, (2) is the rotary linear motion bearing, (3) is the test piece, (4)
) is an electric furnace, (5) is a rolling element (upper test piece), (6) is a raceway ring (lower test piece), (7) is a universal joint, (8) is an electric motor, and (9) is a raceway ring. Load weight, 0ω is the load cell, 01) is the arm, cm is the cage load, 0■ is the fixed shaft, 04) is the bearing load, 05) is the movable shaft, 0ω is the load lever, and 0'7) is the fulcrum. .

Originally, rolling bearings usually consist of an inner ring, an outer ring, rolling elements, and a cage for keeping the rolling elements at equal intervals, and these parts are machined and assembled with great care. When evaluating a self-lubricating retainer, if it is incorporated into a bearing, other factors will be involved, making accurate evaluation impossible. Therefore, in this experiment, a rolling bearing cage material evaluation tester was used that simulated the bearing configuration and used a simple specimen as shown in FIG.

In Figure 1, the cage material test piece (3) is inserted into the upper test piece (
5) Reproduce the relationship between the cage and the rolling elements by bringing them into sliding contact (rolling elements), and then bring the upper test piece (5) (rolling element) and lower test piece (6) (raceway ring) into rolling contact. By doing this, we were able to reproduce the relationship between the rolling elements and the raceway. This simulated the contact and rotational conditions of each part of the rolling bearing.

The center of the first test is the testing area, which is surrounded by an electric furnace (4) to obtain a muscle temperature atmosphere.

The retainer test piece (3) is fixed to the rod by a holder, and is pressed against the rolling element (5) through a hole made in the upper part of the electric furnace. This rod is held by an arm (l+) and a ball via a rotary and linear bearing (2), and is movable in the vertical and circumferential directions around this ball, and is movable in the vertical and circumferential directions around the ball. ) can be measured by a load cell 00) with which the other end of this arm comes into contact. The cage load surface is applied by a weight placed on the top of this rotating linear bearing (2). The amount of wear on the retainer member is determined by measuring its weight.

In addition, the load on the raceway surface is determined by the raceway ring (6) as shown in Figure 1 (b).
) is applied from the lower shaft with a lever and weight combination. Note that the cage load and raceway surface load do not interfere with each other.

To evaluate the transfer characteristics, vibrations are detected from the housing of the lower shaft and the contact state between the rolling elements and the raceway is observed. The vibration shows a large value when the contact surfaces are poorly lubricated and the surfaces of the rolling elements and raceway are worn, or when the lubricating film is formed unevenly on the surfaces of both.

Table 1 shows the cage members used in the experiment and their main characteristic values.

Under the high temperatures targeted by the present invention, ordinary metals including bearing steel cannot be used as bearing members due to a decrease in hardness, so ceramics are used as bearing members. Therefore, in the experiment of the present invention, a ceramic bearing was simulated and rolling elements and bearing rings made of silicon nitride (HIP material) were used. Therefore, the characteristics required for cage members are not only heat resistance but also lubricity with respect to ceramic members in the temperature range from room temperature to high temperature, that is, a small friction coefficient, as well as adhesion and wear resistance. .

As shown in Table 1, it was discovered that carbon-antimony-based materials have good properties as machine constituent materials, as well as good heat resistance, high-temperature lubricity, adhesion, and wear resistance, and the present invention This is the completed version.

The experimental conditions were: rotation speed: 11000 rpm, cage load: 2
ON, bearing load: 20ON. Further, the temperature was set at a predetermined temperature.

The experimental results are shown in Figures 2 and 3. However, FIG. 2 shows the transfer characteristics, and FIG. 3 shows the wear characteristics (amount of wear), and the symbols A to D in each figure are the symbols shown in Table 1. The results also represent the average value of 2-3 experiments.

FIG. 2 shows the effective value of vibration acceleration.

All materials tend to increase as the temperature rises. However, in Comparative Example 1, a significant increase is seen at 350°C.

This is because the material itself becomes unstable in this temperature range.

FIG. 3 shows the amount of wear on the cage member, which is the average value of the amount of wear after operation for 6 hours and 10 minutes (including 10 minutes of transfer time). It can be seen that in both cases, it increases as the temperature increases. At each temperature, the values of the examples are smaller than those of the comparative examples, and they are superior in terms of wear.

Experiment 2 In the experiment, the cage member of Example 3 was used, and the other parts were treated in the same manner as in Experiment 1, and heated to 500°C.
The transfer characteristics and wear characteristics were measured. This result is also shown in Fig. 2.3 with a mark ◎. A member impregnated with mesophase carbon material has excellent adhesion and wear resistance.

Experiment 3 This experiment measured the relationship between temperature and oxidation consumption of carbon-metal composite materials in air, which is one of the important characteristics of cage members when used at high temperatures.

Test piece dimensions: 32 x 25 x 12.5n++n
3 Test Furnace: Siliconite Furnace Test method: A test piece was placed in a furnace set at a predetermined temperature, and the test piece was taken out at an arbitrary time to measure the change in weight.

The results are shown in Figure 4. In the figure, (a) to (d) each indicate the method.

B): Ordinary graphite material ('IC-11J, Toyo Tanso type) (B): Impregnation material for carbon material of 5b-Sn alloy [Sample D]
(Sb: 30, Sn: 20 wt% impregnated, others are carbon) (c): Sh impregnated into carbon material (Sb: 50 wt% impregnated) (sample (C)) (d): Cu carbon material Impregnating material (Cu: 60% by weight impregnation) From the above experimental results, when impregnated with sb or 5b-Sn alloy, compared to carbon material without impregnation or impregnated with other metals other than antimony. We have discovered the fact that oxidative consumption is greatly suppressed.This shows that impregnation with sb or its alloy not only has the effect of improving adhesion and wear resistance at high temperatures, but also when used as a cage member. It also shows that it has the effect of suppressing oxidative consumption of the material and extending its life.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus used in measuring the properties of cage members. 2 to 4 are graphs showing the results of measuring various characteristics of the cage member. ... Cage load weight ... Rotating linear bearing ... Cage member test piece ... Electric furnace ... Upper test piece (rolling element) 6 ... Lower test piece (raceway ring) ( that's all)

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A cage member for a rolling bearing comprising at least one of antimony and its alloy and carbon. (2) The cage member for a rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein the antimony alloy is an alloy of antimony and tin. (3) A rolling bearing incorporating the cage member according to claim 1.